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Sustainable Solid Waste Managementin Developing Countries
Ola OresanyaManaging Director
Lagos Waste Management Authority19th January, 2011
LAGOS AS A CASE STUDY(LAGOS EMERGENT MEGA CITY)
Paper presented@
The 1st Oyo State Environment Summit.
Lagos State At A Glance
Facts about the Lagos Megacity…DEMOGRAPHY• Geographical Area: 3,577 Sq. Km (0.4% of National)• Population Estimate: 16.86m (27.4% of Country Urban) - UN• Population Density: 4,193 persons/Sq. Km• Population Growth Rate: Btw. 6-8% (Nigeria = 2.9%)• Annual population growth: 600,000 (10 times NYC/LA)• Projected population 20.19m (2010); 24.5m (2015) –
Source: UN-Habitat• 20 LGAs & 37 LCDAs• Number of Communities: 2,600
Lagos Megacity… in Nigeria
• Home to Trans-national Corporations and NationalConglomerates HQ
• Largest Stock Exchange in West Africa
– Home to 200 Firms (out of 250) listed on NSE
• 2000 Industrial Complexes (65% of Country Total)• 10,000 Commercial Ventures (70% of Country total)• 22 Industrial Estates & several Business Districts
• 31.89% Contribution to National GDP - (2004)
• 60% of Nation’s Value Added Manufacturing
• 65% of Nation’s Value Added Tax
• Waste generation: - about 10,000MTPD.
• GPC - 0.5kg/person/day.
• Lagos VD - over 222veh/km.
• Nigeria VD - 11veh/km.
ROAD MAP
LAGOS STATE GOVERNMENT
THE NEW SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
(2007 – 2020)
S/N ISSUES
IMMEDIATE (100 DAYS)
SHORT TERM (12 MONTHS)
MEDIUM TERM (2 YEARS)
LONG TERM (4 YEARS)
1 StreetSweeping
∙ Review the operations of Highway managers for better performance.
∙ Increase streetsweepers to 3500 andinclude CDA's andNGO's for support.
∙ Sustain the concept forproject appraisal.
∙ Recruit more streetsweepers through thePSP programme.
∙ Increase number ofstreet sweepers in theState to 2000.
∙ Commence streetwashing in high streetsat Ikoyi and VictoriaIsland.
∙ Increase the sweepersto 5000 to cover thehighways.
∙ Update the policy onstreet cleaning tocompel LG's to employ100 street sweeperseach.
∙Procurement of1,000,000 refuse bags forstreet sweepers
∙Increase night sweepingcapacity.
2 Refuse Storage
∙ Introduction of 2000Mammoth refusecontainers at 100metersapart on majorhighways.
∙ Procurement of 100refuse static compactorsfor markets in the Stateespecially in Lagos Islandto protect the investmenton CBD.
∙ Introduce the public-private partnering inthe branding of refusecontainers for majorhighways.
∙ Sustain policy andProgramme evaluation.
∙ Introduction of 600dino bins at 500meterson highways.
∙ Introduction of litterbins in major highways.
S/N ISSUES IMMEDIATE (100 DAYS) SHORT TERM (12 MTHS) MEDIUM TERM (2 YRS) LONG TERM (4 YEARS)
3 Refuse Collection
∙ Commence procedure forprocurement of 100nos. newrefuse trucks for public wastecollection.
∙ Procure 100nos. new refusetrucks to manage the new refusecontainers introduced on themajor highways.
∙ Transfer of ownership oftrucks to PSP operators onconcession arrangement andinvestment recovery.
∙ Full ownership of MunicipalSolid Waste by the PSP for allcategories of collections i.e.street waste, household,industrial and hazardous.
∙ Ensure the introduction ofenabling environment for PSPto introduce 300 trucks intothe sector. (30nos. competentPSP operator will meet thetarget).
∙ Ensure the introduction ofenabling environment for PSP tointroduce 300 trucks into thesector. (30nos. Competent PSPoperator will meet the target).
∙ Provide bank guarantee forpotential investors in theSector.
∙ Involve the LMDGP on thefinancial support for the privateoperators.
∙ Involve the LMDGP on thefinancial support for theprivate operators.
4 Disposal ∙Procure pollution preventionequipment for the 3nos.dumpsites.
∙ Complete the construction ofEpe Integrated Solid Wastefacility (2000MT/d) inconjunction with DevelopmentPartners.
∙ Commission 2 new landfillsites in Lagos i.e. Epe &Ikorodu sites.
∙ Commence procedure forclosure of Abule-Egbadumpsite.
∙Complete the on-goingrehabilitation of thedumpsites.
∙ Commence the construction ofnew Landfill site at Ikorodu.
∙ Initiate fresh dumpsiteupgrading projects.
∙ Intensify negotiation withthe Lagos Mega City Projectchairman on the constructionof Landfill site at Ibafo andIgbesa.
∙ Intensify negotiation with theLagos Mega City Project on theconstruction of Landfill site atIbafo and Igbesa.
∙ Increase pollution preventionequipment for all dumpsites.
∙ Procurement of 3nos. new(D8/Compactor) Bulldozers fordumpsites.
S/N ISSUES IMMEDIATE (100 DAYS) SHORT TERM (12 MONTHS) MEDIUM TERM (2 YEARS) LONG TERM (4 YEARS)
5 Refuse Transfer Loading Station (TLS)
· Review and complete the on-going projects on the 6nos. (500MT/d) TLS approved by the State Executive Council.
· Review and complete the on-goingprojects on the 6nos. TLS approved by theState Executive Council.
· Commission 4 nos. (300-400MT/d) TLS in Oshodi, LagosIsland, Ogombo and Yaba.
· Review on-going LMDGP project onconstruction of 4nos. TLS.
· Review the programme of the Lagos MegaCity project on construction of yet to bedetermined TLS.
· Review the program of the Lagos MegaCity project on construction of yet to bedetermined TLS.
6 Resource Recovery(Recycling orWaste-To-Wealth).IWMF
· Complete the on-going assistance to theEarthcare Project on compost production.
· Commence the RDF project on briquettemaking i.e. conversion of saw-dust toalternative source of energy.
· Commence procedure for establishment ofnew compost plants at Epe and Badagry.
· Commission the 1st briquette production. · Commission the 1st briquetteproduction.
· New initiative on conversion of pure watersachet to shoe soles etc.
· Commission the 1st waste plasticextracting plant under the plastic buy-backproject.
· Commission the 1st waste plasticextracting plant.
· Commence the Waste to Energy project atOlushosun in conjunction with World Bankunder the LMDGP.
7 Awareness Campaign
sustain awareness and enlightenment campaign
sustain awareness and enlightenment campaign
sustain awareness and enlightenment campaign
sustain awareness and enlightenment campaign
S/N SCHEME 2007 – 2011 2012 – 2016 2017 - 2020
1 StreetSweeping
§ Enhancement of the Operations of Highway Managers for Better Performance.
§ Recruitment of Additional(1,000Nos.) Street Sweepers through the PSP Programme and the L.G.A.s
§ Increase StreetSweepers in the State to2,000(Nos.)
§ Procurement of 1Million (Nos.) Refuse Bags for Street Sweepers
§ Increase Night Sweeping Capacity.
§ Increase of Street Sweepers to 3500(Nos.) and include CDA's andNGO's for support.
§ Sustenance of the Concept forProject Appraisal
§ Initiation of Street Washing in HighStreets at Ikoyi and Victoria Island.
§ Increase of the Sweepers to5,000(Nos.) to cover the Highways.
2 Refuse Storage
§ Introduction of 2,000(Nos.)Mammoth RefuseContainers at 100metersapart on Major Highways.
§ Introduction of 600 (Nos.)Dino Bins at 500meters onHighways.
§ Procurement of 100 (Nos.)Refuse Static Compactorsfor markets in the Stateespecially in Lagos Islandto protect the investmenton CBD.
§ Introduction of Litter Binsin Major Highways.
§ Introduction of Public-PrivatePartnering in the Branding ofRefuse Containers for MajorHighways.
§ Sustenance of Policy andProgramme evaluation.
The Lagos Megacity Solid Waste Management Plan
S/N ISSUES 2007 – 2011 2012 – 2016 2017 - 2020
3 Refuse Collection
§ Procurement ofAdditional (100Nos.)New Refuse Trucks forPublic Waste Collection.
§ Creation of enablingenvironment for PSP tointroduce Additional( 300Nos.) Trucks into theSector.
§ Registration of 30Nos.Competent PSP Operatorswill meet the target).
§ Transfer of ownership ofTrucks to PSP Operators onconcession arrangement andinvestment recovery.
§ Full ownership of Municipal SolidWaste by the PSP for all categoriesof collections i.e. Street Waste,Household, Industrial andHazardous Waste
4 Disposal § Procurement of PollutionPrevention Equipment forthe 3Nos. Dumpsites.
§ Continued maintenance ofthe dumpsites.
§Construction of IntegratedSolid Waste Facility(2000MT/D) at Epe andBadagry,
§ Construction of AdditionalLandfill Site at Ikorodu,Ibafo and Igbesa.
§ Procurement of moreLandfill Compactors for newDumpsites.
§ Commissioning of 2 New LandfillSites in Suberu Oje and Ofada inconjunction with DevelopmentPartners.
§ Closure of the Abule-EgbaDumpsite and Selection of FreshDumpsites
§ Procurement of PollutionPrevention Equipment forAdditional Dumpsites.
S/N ISSUES 2007 – 2011 2012 – 2016 2017 - 2020
5 Refuse Transfer Loading Station (TLS)
§ Construction of 10Nos. (500MT/D) Transfer Loading Stations in Oba Ogunji, Simpson, Ogombo, Marini, Ijanikin,Ishasi, Breadfruit, Achapo, Igbogbo – Ofin Oreta and Lagos Island
§ Construction of Additional10Nos. (500MT/D) TransferLoading Stations to enhanceSolid Waste Management
throughout the State
6 Awareness Campaign
Sustenance of Awareness and Enlightenment Campaigns on Solid Waste Management Issues
SITUATION ANALYSIS
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
ACTUAL WASTE GENERATION PROJECTION
DAILY GENERATION PROJECTION
Estimated Waste Generation of Lagos State (2009)
Vegetables45%
Papers10%
Glass5%
Plastics15%
Metals5%
Textiles4%
Fines8%
Putrescibles8%
Lagos State Waste Analysis
TREND OF WASTE GENERATION AND POPULATION ESTIMATES
0.00
5,000.00
10,000.00
15,000.00
20,000.00
25,000.00
30,000.00
35,000.00
40,000.00
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
YEAR
POPN
/TO
NN
AG
E
population estimate(x1000)
expected daily waste generation(metrictonnes)
TREND OF WASTE GETTING TO THE LANDFILL SI TE IN NEW YORK & LAGOS
NEW YORK
LAGOS
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
YEAR
TON
NA
GE
(' 00
0)
NEW YORK
LAGOS
COMPARISON OF COST/TON OF WASTE IN NEW YORK & LAGOS
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007YEAR
CO
ST
($)
NEW YORKLAGOS
OPERATION EXPENDITURE STANDARDS
World Bank recommended that budget provision for
Solid Waste Management in
• Developed countries with adequate infrastructureshould be about 10% of monthly recurrent.
• Underdeveloped countries with poor infrastructureshould be about 15% of monthly recurrent.
COMPARISON OF SW M BUDGET PROVISIONS IN SELECTED CITIES OF THE W ORLD AS AT 2006
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
New York London Istanbul TEHRAN LAGOS
C ITY
PE
RC
EN
TA
GE New Y o rk
L o n do n
I sta n bul
T E HRA N
L A GOS
COMPARISON OF SWM BUDGET PROVISIONS IN SELECTED CITIES OF THE WORLD AS AT 2009
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
New York London Istanbul Tehran Lagos Lagos '09 Lagos '10CITY
PER
CEN
TAG
E
New York
London
Istanbul
Tehran
Lagos
Lagos '09
Lagos '10
COMPARISON OF AREA AND POPULATION ESTIMATES
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
1945 1967 1976 1990 2006 2015
AREA(Sq. KM)
POPULATION('000)
COMPARISON OF EXPENDITURE PATTERN
Nigeria:Lagos $12/ton (N1,700/ton)
Other cities $3.5 - $7/ton (N500 – N1,000/ton)
• TurkeyIstanbul $25 (N3,500)
• U. S. A New York $250/ton (N35,000)
• United Kingdom
London $200/ton (N26,000)
Lagos City Expenditure Pattern
• N300million to handle 180,000 metric per month.
making an average of N1700/ton or $12/ton§ PSP N3000/ton
§ LAWMA N500/ton
The new Lagos Mega City waste management projection plan
Year Area PopulationGeneration rate/day Ton/day Trucks
1945 > 200km2 40,000 0.1 (E) 4 + 1
1967 1200km2 1,500,000 0.12 (E) 180 6 (2 trucks)
1976 10,000km2 3,200,000 0.2 640 100 (35 trucks)
1990 35,000km2 5,000,000 0.25 1250 210 (70trucks)
2006 < 40,000km2 18,000,000 0.4 7200 1200 (400 – 500 trucks)
2008 <40,000km2 18,000,000 0.5 9000 1500 (550 – 650 trucks)
2015 < 60,000km2 23,000,000 0.7 16,100 2500 (800trucks)
• Typical waste characteristics in Lagos:
Density 0.4kg/m3
Calorific value low with high moisture content
Generation
At-Source Sorting
Categorized
Collection (Compartmentalized Trucks)
Material Recovery/Renewable Energy
Landfilling of
Residuals
Generation
Partial At-Source Sorting
Waste-To-Wealth /
Renewable Energy
Campaign
Improved Landfill
Management
Disposal(Heaping, Burning and Burying)
Collection(Comingled)
Generation (Cocktail)
Prior LAWMA Re-Branding1977 – 1991 - 2004
Re-Branded LAWMA2005 Till Date
Future(Beyond 2020s)
The Trend
STYLE STRUCTURE
SKILLSSTAFF
The Approach
Staff
* Staff Motivation* Sharing the Vision*Ownership of the
New Vision*Setting the New
Agenda
Raising the Army
Style
Core values of LAWMA
• Professionalism• Efficiency• Resilience• Integrity.
Structure
• Corporate services• Commercial Dept.• Waste Management Services• Engineering services• Planning Research & Statistics Dept.• Legal Dept.
Skills
• Waste treatment
• Engineering
• Scientific approach
• Administrative
• Communication etc.
SUSTAINABILITYSUSTAINABILITY
Creating New
Brands
W2Wvery useful
after all
W2MClimaDollar
W2GCash
W2SMuscle
Gender Bliss
Did I Hear You Say Waste?
The Relevance
General Challenges
• Climate conditions• Cultural and Socio – economic factors• Funding• Budgeting• Technology• Energy
• Capacity Building• Human Capacity Quality
Task ProgressionTask 2005 2009 2011
1 Budgeting (% of monthly Staterecurrent expenditure)
2.5 8 12
2 Street sweeping (litter control) 1015 8240 (5400W, 2840M) 12,000
3 MSW Storage
LB Nil 3020 4500
RORO/B 26 400 400
STC/B 30 100 100
HHB No data >100,000 400,000
SKIP Nil 80 500
RLB No data >1,000 2,000
Task 2005 2009 2011
4 Refuse Transportation
Tippers 30 5 10
R/Loaders 27 650 800
TLS/ Trailers Nil 18 40
STC 2 30 35
Roro 4 20 30
Skip Nil 40 100
Others 68 743 945
5 MSW Disposal
Dumpsites 3 6 3
IWMF Nil Nil 1
TLS Nil 2 6
6 Resource Recovery
Composting Nil 1 (600 TPD) 2 (combined 1500 TPD)
WTE Nil Nil 1 (10mghph)
Plastic Recycling 2 (informal) 2 – Informal1 – Formal
4 – Informal3 – Formal
Paper Bailing Nil 1 2
Lagos MSW (KPI) Projection (2005 – 2010)s/n Activity (Grouping) Employment Socio Index Potential (2015)
Direct Indirect
1 MSW Administration, i.e. Publicity Awareness, logistics, Legal service, Research & Development etc.
225 649 Increase in public awareness and readiness to support MSW reform programme, 65% voluntary compliance
95% compliance
2 MSW Storage 86 820 Reduction of refuse on road and open spaces 90% household storage & separation at source
3 Waste collection & transportation. (LAWMA, PSP, LGA & MOE)
9750 5200 Efficiency in the MSW collection & transportation and retaining confidence in the public utility service. (89% now)
98% access to collection
4 Street Sweeping (LAWMA,H/manager, MOE & LG)
10,840 2024 Immense contribution to poverty eradication programme.Reduction in crime rate, improvement in city aesthetics, visibility of Government’s work in progress
To increase activity by 100%
5 Waste disposal 240 584 Improvement in best practices Continuous improvement
6 Resource Recovery 650 1850 Better value for waste management services and reduction in GHG (12% conversion
35% conversion
TOTAL 21,791 11,127
Lagos MSW Project/Programme Impact (Socio – Economic) Projection (2005 – 2010)
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
Employment Direct Employment Indirect
Strategies
• Private Sector Participation (PSP)
• Waste Sorting
• Waste to Wealth Initiatives
PERIOD OLUSOSUN ABULE-EGBA SOLOUSTOTAL
VOLUME(2007)
1st QUARTER SUB.TOTAL 219,947.00 118,260.00 84,740.00 422,947.00
2nd QUARTER SUB.TOTAL 247,235.00 149,890.00 137,857.50 534,982.50
3rd QUARTER SUB.TOTAL 239,947.50 130,930.00 148,032.00 518,909.50
4th QUARTER SUB.TOTAL 371,637.00 218,577.50 155,692.00 745,906.50
G.TOTAL 1,078,766.50 617,657.50 526,321.50 2,222,745.50
QUARTERLY DEPOSIT OF REFUSE (METRIC TONNES) AT VARIOUS LANDFILL IN YEAR
2007.
0.00
200,000.00
400,000.00
600,000.00
800,000.00
1,000,000.00
1,200,000.00
1st QUARTER SUB.TOTAL
2nd QUARTER SUB.TOTAL
3rd QUARTER SUB.TOTAL
4th QUARTER SUB.TOTAL
GRAND TOTAL
OLUSOSUN
ABULE-EGBA
SOLOUS
QUARTERLY DEPOSIT OF REFUSE (METRIC TONNES)
AT VARIOUS LANDFILL IN YEAR 2007.
PERIOD OLUSOSUN ABULE-EGBA SOLOUSTOTAL
VOLUME(2008)
1st QUARTER SUB.TOTAL 283,018.00 174,703.00 150,092.00 607,813.00
2nd QUARTER SUB.TOTAL 322,659.00 191,245.00 185,310.00 699,214.00
3rd QUARTER SUB.TOTAL 409,562.50 147,292.70 183,351.25 740,206.45
4th QUARTER SUB.TOTAL 409,899.00 175,377.25 182,033.75 767,310.00
G.TOTAL 1,425,138.50 688,617.95 700,787.00 2,814,543.45
QUARTERLY DEPOSIT OF REFUSE (METRIC TONNES) AT VARIOUS LANDFILL IN YEAR
2008.
0.00
200,000.00
400,000.00
600,000.00
800,000.00
1,000,000.00
1,200,000.00
1,400,000.00
1,600,000.00
1st QUARTER SUB.TOTAL
2nd QUARTER SUB.TOTAL
3rd QUARTER SUB.TOTAL
4th QUARTER SUB.TOTAL
GRAND TOTAL
OLUSOSUN
ABULE-EGBA
SOLOUS
QUARTERLY DEPOSIT OF REFUSE (METRIC TONNES) AT VARIOUS LANDFILL IN YEAR 2008.
PERIOD OLUSOSUN SOLOUS 2 SOLOUS EWUELEPE EPE
TOTAL VOLUME
(2009)
1st QUARTER SUB.TOTAL 545,026.00 189,980.00 210,678.00 52,217.00 69,876.00 1,067,777.00
2nd QUARTER SUB.TOTAL 486,220.00 140,685.00 218,050.00 53,190.00 29,838.00 927,983.00
3rd QUARTER SUB.TOTAL 427,986.00 164,870.00 161,895.00 132,387.00 23,028.00 910,166.00
4th QUARTER SUB.TOTAL 514,195.00 159,730.00 166,420.00 49,221.00 36,216.00 925,782.00
G.TOTAL 1,973,427.00 655,265.00 757,043.00 287,015.00 158,958.00 3,831,708.00
QUARTERLY DEPOSIT OF REFUSE (METRIC TONNES) AT VARIOUS LANDFILL IN YEAR 2009.
QUARTERLY DEPOSIT OF REFUSE (METRIC TONNES) AT VARIOUS LANDFILL IN YEAR 2009.
0.00
200,000.00
400,000.00
600,000.00
800,000.00
1,000,000.00
1,200,000.00
OLUSOSUN SOLOUS 2 SOLOUS EWUELEPE EPE TOTAL VOLUME
1st QUARTER SUB.TOTAL
2nd QUARTER SUB.TOTAL
3rd QUARTER SUB.TOTAL
4th QUARTER SUB.TOTAL
PERIOD OLUSOSUN SOLOUS 2 SOLOUS 3 EWUELEPE EPE
TOTAL VOLUME
(2010)
1st QUARTER SUB.TOTAL 492,736.00 168,443.00 169,145.00 103,538.00 35,623.00 969,485.00
2nd
QUARTER SUB.TOTAL 364,986.00 112,280.00 102,870.00 68,149.00 26,641.00 674,926.00
3rd
QUARTER SUB.TOTAL 378,382.00 77,436.00 53,738.00 10,413.00 7,842.00 527,856.00
4th
QUARTER SUB.TOTAL 230,739.00 64,190.00 65,683.80 9,412.00 7,347.75 377,362.55
G.TOTAL 1,466,843.00 422,349.00 391,436.80 191,512.00 77,453.75 2,549,629.55
QUARTERLY DEPOSIT OF REFUSE (METRIC TONNES) AT VARIOUS LANDFILL IN YEAR 2010
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
OLUSOSUN SOLOUS 2 SOLOUS 3 EWUELEPE EPE
QUARTERLY DEPOSIT OF REFUSE (METRIC TONNES) AT VARIOUS LANDFILL IN YEAR 2010
IST QTR(JAN.- MAR.)
2ND QTR (APR. - JUN)
3RD QTR(JUL- SEPT
4TH QTR (OCT.-DEC)
London C40 Workshop
The Signing of the M.O.U for the development of the 1st Integrated Waste Management Facility in
Lagos.
LAWMA’s Technical Partners
• Clinton Foundation (Clinton Climate Initiative)
• World Bank• USTDA• Indigenous Banks• UNDP• DFID
• Federal Capital territory (Abuja)• Ogun State• Plateau State• Ekiti State• Cross Rivers State• Osun State• Banjul, Gambia• Accra Metropolitan Authority (Ghana)• City of Freetown (Sierra Leone)• Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
LAWMA’s Footprint
This was Lagos
This is Lagos
This was Lagos
This is Lagos 2010
Street of Lagos in 2010
Mechanized Sweeping
Lagos Highway
Olushosun landfill site in 2004
Olushosun Landfill Site (2009)
Olushosun Landfill Site (2010)
Landfill Compactors
Marine Waste Unit
Simpson Transfer Loading Station
London C40 Workshop
Simpson TLS, Lagos
Transfer trailers
Oshodi TLS (Awaiting Commissioning)
Marini TLS, Oshodi
Medical Waste Treatment Plant, Oshodi
Plastic Recycling Plant @ Olushosun Landfill Site
PELLETIZER
EXTRUDER SHOWING WASTE BAGS IN PRODUCTION
Composting
Potential increase in market demand due to rise in non- organic fertilizer price..
London C40 Workshop
Nylon Recycling Process
Baled Nylons
Paper bailing machine
Scavengers in Olushosun
Recycling Bank
London C40 Workshop
Household Sorting of MSW with the Provision of 240litres Wheeler Bins
99
Abandoned refuse trucksAbandoned refuse trucks
Private waste collection trucks before 2005
Low Emission Refuse Collection Trucks
Static Compactors
Street Captains
London C40 Workshop
London C40 Workshop
Removing Gender Barrier
London C40 Workshop
London C40 Workshop
Cross section of Female Drivers at LAWMA
LAWMA Crèche
Even our babies have space
Welcome to LAGOS
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING
