SUSTAINABLE OLIVE OIL SUSTAINABLE OLIVE OIL PRODUCTIONPRODUCTION

Prof. Apostolos G. VlyssidesProf. Apostolos G. VlyssidesNational Technical University of AthensNational Technical University of Athens

Chemical Engineering DepartmentChemical Engineering Department

ECOECO--ORGANIC LtdORGANIC Ltd

World wide olive oil productionWorld wide olive oil production

Europe Africa Asia America

84%

8.5% 5.5% 2%

European Olive Oil ProductionEuropean Olive Oil Production

42%

20% 18% 20%

Greek situationGreek situation

The olives and olive oil are inextricable part of Greek The olives and olive oil are inextricable part of Greek culture culture In Greece there are 150.000.000 olive trees cultivated In Greece there are 150.000.000 olive trees cultivated in 765.000 hectarein 765.000 hectareThe yearly production of each tree rises up to 300 kg The yearly production of each tree rises up to 300 kg of olivesof olivesThe 1/3 of Greek farmers are working on cultivation The 1/3 of Greek farmers are working on cultivation of olivesof olivesOlives and olive oil production in Greece rise up Olives and olive oil production in Greece rise up 1.750.000 tn and 400.000 tn respectively1.750.000 tn and 400.000 tn respectively

Situation in GreeceSituation in Greece

INSTALLATIONSINSTALLATIONS

2,633 olive oil mills2,633 olive oil mills2,152 centrifugal systems (mostly 32,152 centrifugal systems (mostly 3--phases)phases)

481 traditional (pressure squeezing)481 traditional (pressure squeezing)

3535--40 pomace processing plants40 pomace processing plants

Situation in GreeceSituation in Greece

East Macedonia and Thrace

Thessaly

Ionian

West Greece

Central Greece

Attica

Peloponnese

North Aegean

Crete

Central Macedonia

West Macedonia

South Aegean

Olive oil production per region

Environmental impact from olive oil productionEnvironmental impact from olive oil production

Characteristics of OMWWCharacteristics of OMWW

parameterparameter OMWWOMWW ENQLENQL

11 pHpH 4,504,50 66--99

22 BODBOD55, g/l, g/l 68,7168,71 0.040.04

33 COD, g/lCOD, g/l 158,18158,18 11

44 Phenolic compounds, g/lPhenolic compounds, g/l 17,1517,15 00

55 Conductivity , mmhos/cmConductivity , mmhos/cm 18,0018,00 33

Evaporation pondsEvaporation ponds

This is the common used method of OMW This is the common used method of OMW treatment in Greecetreatment in GreeceThere are about 400 installations in GreeceThere are about 400 installations in Greece

An OMWW evaporation pondAn OMWW evaporation pond

METHODS OF OMW TREATMENTMETHODS OF OMW TREATMENTcase studies in Greececase studies in Greece

Physical methodsPhysical methodsEvaporation ponds (Evaporation ponds (lagooninglagooning))

Biological methodsBiological methodsAnaerobic digestion Anaerobic digestion Use of OMW for Use of OMW for irrigationirrigation of olive grovesof olive grovesCoCo--compostingcomposting of OMW with OSWRof OMW with OSWRDetoxification by Nitrogen fixation (Detoxification by Nitrogen fixation (BioBio--wheelwheel method)method)

Physicochemical methodsPhysicochemical methodsMembranes technology combined with evaporation and wet Membranes technology combined with evaporation and wet oxidation (oxidation (EHOEHO method)method)Phenolic compounds removal using Phenolic compounds removal using ion exchangeion exchange technologytechnology

Combined Chemical and biological methodsCombined Chemical and biological methodsFenton oxidationFenton oxidation following by cofollowing by co--composting with pomacecomposting with pomace

Proper characteristics for any success Proper characteristics for any success treatment methodtreatment method

To be technical effectiveTo be technical effective

To be integratedTo be integrated

To be feasible To be feasible

To meet all Environmental limits To meet all Environmental limits

Basic concept of the innovationBasic concept of the innovation

EBSLS

B-4

M

SCR

PUMP

PUMP

PUMP

Influent

Sludges

SB

P-1

P-2

P-3

HP

SIMPLE FLOW DIAGRAMME OF THE METHOD

Fenton oxidation following by coFenton oxidation following by co--composting composting with pomacewith pomace

Advantages of the methodAdvantages of the methodIt is an integrated method for OMWW managementIt is an integrated method for OMWW managementThere are no emissions.There are no emissions.The method could be feasible if the soil conditioner that is The method could be feasible if the soil conditioner that is produced will take a good price in the marketproduced will take a good price in the marketIt is simple to install and to operate from the owners of Olive It is simple to install and to operate from the owners of Olive millsmills

Commercial ProductCommercial Product

Cultivation of grapesCultivation of grapes

Grape for Grape for wine wine

makingmaking

0% and 0% and 10%10% mixture of mixture of Humo Olea with Humo Olea with conventional soilconventional soil

Comparison after two Comparison after two months cultivation months cultivation

ΚαλλιέργειαΚαλλιέργεια εσπεριδοειδώνεσπεριδοειδών

The business modelThe business model

Installations for Humo Olea productionInstallations for Humo Olea production

Chania, Crete Chania, Crete Detoxification unitDetoxification unit

11stst stage of cocomposting of oxidized OMW with stage of cocomposting of oxidized OMW with pomace, Chania, Cretepomace, Chania, Crete

2d stage of co2d stage of co--composting Chania, Cretecomposting Chania, Crete

Katastari, Zakinthos

Koutsouras, CretaKoutsouras, Creta

Koutsouras, CretaKoutsouras, Creta

INTEGRATED SOLUTIONINTEGRATED SOLUTION

Market limitationMarket limitation

Productivity limitationProductivity limitation

Accumulative needs for all Accumulative needs for all biological cultivationsbiological cultivations

Thank youThank you