Survey Questionner

7/31/2019 Survey Questionner

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Survey questionnaire


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WHAT IS QUESTIONNAIRE?Questionnaires are printed lists of questions used to find

out what people think or feel about an issue, product or service.

They can be filled in away from the researcher in the form of aself-administered, group-administered or postal questionnaire.The term 'questionnaire' is also often used to describe a set ofquestions administered face-to-face or by telephone in the formof a structured interview (Oppenheim, 1992).


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Basics of Question Development

There are several basic principles to remember whendeveloping your questions.


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Make sure your survey questionsmatch your research objectives

You must always determine why you intend to conductyour survey research before you are able to properly writesurvey questions. For example, if you plan to conduct anexploratory research survey, your survey will usually not need tobe as detailed as when you plan to conduct a confirmatoryresearch survey.


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Understand your researchparticipants

Remember that your target population, not you, are theones completing the survey. Try to develop an ability to thinklike your potential respondents. If you can effectively considerhow your research participants will interpret and react to eachquestion on your survey, then your resulting data is likely to

provide useful information


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Use natural and familiar language

Use language that is understandable to the type of

respondents whom you are targeting. Consider the age of yourrespondents, their educational level, and any other relevantcultural characteristics of your respondents when deciding howto phrase your questions.


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Types of Survey Questions

Survey questions vary according to what type ofinformation they are trying to collect from the respondents, andhow this information will apply to the goals of the survey. Thereare two basic types of survey questions: Open-ended andClosed-ended.


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Open-ended

This type of question allows participants to respond in

any way they choose. Open-ended questions provideprimarily qualitative data, and are frequently used in exploratoryresearch.Example

What is your current marital status?A: [Participants provide answers in their own words]


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Closed-ended

In contrast to open-ended questions, closed-ended

questions require participants to choose from a limited numberof responses predetermined by the researcher. There are 5basic types of closed-ended questions: Multiple-choice;Categorical; Likert-scale; Numerical; and Ordinal. Closed-endedquestions provide primarily quantitative data, and are frequently

used in confirmatory research.


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Multiple Choice

Use a multiple-choice question when you want yourrespondents to choose the best possible answer among alloptions presented.

Example

What is your current marital status? (Select one.)

o Singleo Married

o Divorcedo Separatedo Widowed


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CategoricalUse a categorical question when the possible answers arecategories, and the respondent must belong to one category.

Example

What is your gender?

o Maleo Female


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Likert-ScaleUse a Likert-scale question when you are trying to determinerespondents attitudes or feelings about something.

Example

How important do you think SAT scores are to a collegestudents success? (select one):

Not very important 1 2 3 4 5 Extremely important


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Numerical

When the answer must be a number, ask a numerical question.

Example

What is your current age? (select one)o Less than 18

o 18 to 29o 30 to 39o 40 to 49o 50 or older

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