Survey Methods of Research

7/31/2019 Survey Methods of Research

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Survey Methods of Research

Balbastre, Kristine I.

Joves, JerickSantos, Mark John A.


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What is a survey?

It is a non-experimental, descriptive research

method which is useful when a researcher

wants to collect data on phenomena that

cannot be directly observed.

It is also used to assess attitudes and

characteristics of a wide range of subjects.


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Types of Surveys

Cross-Sectional Surveys

Longitudinal Surveys

Trend studies Cohort studies

Panel studies


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Cross-Sectional Surveys

are used to gather information on a

population at a single point in time


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Longitudinal Surveys

Longitudinal surveys gather data over a period

of time. The three main types of longitudinal

surveys are trend studies, cohort studies, and

panel studies.


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Cohort Studies

Cohort studies also focus on a particular

population, sampled and studied more than

once, but have a different focus.


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Panel Studies

Panel studies allow the researcher to find out

why changes in the population are occurring,

since they use the same sample of people

every time which is called a panel.


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Questionnaire

Mail Survey

Group Administered Questionnaire

Household Drop-off Survey


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Mail Survey

The exact same instrument are sent to a wide

number of people and allow the respondent

to fill it out at their own convenience.

Response rates from mail surveys are often

very low and are not reliable for asking

detailed written responses.


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Group Administered Questionnaire

A sample of respondents is brought together

in an organizational setting and asked to

respond to a structured sequence of

questions.


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Household Drop-off Survey

In this approach, a researcher goes to the

respondent's home or business and hands the

respondent the instrument.

Like the mail survey, the respondent can work

on the instrument in private, when it's

convenient. Like the group administered

questionnaire, the interviewer makes personalcontact with the respondent.


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Interview

Personal Interview

Telephone Interview


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Personal Interview

In this approach, the interviewer works

directly with the respondent.

Interviews can be very time consuming and

they are resource intensive. The interviewer is

considered a part of the measurement

instrument and interviewers have to be well

trained in how to respond to any contingency.


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Telephone Interview

Telephone interviews enable a researcher to

gather information rapidly.

Many people don't have publicly-listed

telephone numbers. Some don't have

telephones. People often don't like the

intrusion of a call to their homes and

telephone interviews have to be relativelyshort or people will feel imposed upon.


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Advantages

Surveys are capable of obtaining information

from large samples of the population.

They require minimal investment to develop

and administer. They are relatively easy for making

generalizations .

They can also elicit information aboutattitudes that are otherwise difficult tomeasure using observational techniques.


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Advantages

Surveys can be administered from remote

locations using mail, email or telephone.

Results are statistically significant even when

analyzing multiple variables. Multiple questions can be asked about a given

topic

Usually, high reliability is easy to obtain

by

presenting all subjects with a standardizedstimulus


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Disadvantages

Surveys are generally unsuitable where an

understanding of the historical context of phenomena

is required. Biases may occur, either in the lack ofresponse from intended participants or in the nature

and accuracy of the responses that are received

Intentional misreporting of behaviors by respondents

to confound the survey results or to hide inappropriate

behavior.

Respondents may have difficulty assessing their ownbehavior or have poor recall of the circumstancessurrounding their behavior.


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Disadvantages

The researcher must ensure that a large

number of the selected sample will reply.

It may be hard for participants to recall

information or to tell the truth about a

controversial question.

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Survey Methods of Research