Suplementacija zasnovana na dokazima Evidence based ... · Udruženje za medicinu sporta Srbije Sports Medicine Association of Serbia Univerzitet u Beogradu Farmaceutski fakultet

Udruženje za medicinu sporta SrbijeSports Medicine Association of Serbia

Univerzitet u Beogradu Farmaceutski fakultet– Institut za bromatologiju

University of Belgrade Faculty of Pharmacy– Institute of Bromatology

ČETVRTI KONGRES O DIJETETSKIM SUPLEMENTIMA SA MEĐUNARODNIM UČEŠĆEMFOURTH CONGRESS OF FOOD SUPPLEMENTS WITH INTERNATIONAL PARTICIPATION

Suplementacija zasnovana na dokazimaEvidence based supplementation

PROGRAM I KNJIGA SAŽETAKAPROGRAMME AND ABSTRACT BOOK

24-25. oktobar 2013. Beograd, SrbijaOctober 24-25, 2013. Belgrade, Serbia

4.

4.

0000100001

Broj reference:

Broj reference:

Radi Vaše sigurnosti, proverite referencu na:

http://w

ww.adas.

org.rs

DOPING FREE: stimulansi i anabolici

Jedno od osnovnih prava sportista, očuvanje zdravlja i mentalnog integriteta, zaštićeno je antidoping kodeksom. ADAS je u skladu sa zakonom o sprečavanju doping u sportu i okviru saradnje sa Olimpijskim komiteteom Srbije započeo sa testiranjem dijetetskih suplemenata prisutnih na domaćem tržištuu na prisustvo supstanci sa Liste zabranjenih doping sredstava. Nalepnica „DOPING FREE“, koja se nalazi na testiranim preparatima označava da se u njima ne nalaze doping supstance iz grupe anaboličkih steroida i stimulansa.

Broj reference na nalepnici vezan je za broj serije suplementa. Kada na web stranici ADAS-a http://www.adas.org.rs/doping-free.php unesete broj reference sa nekog preparata, dobićete informacija o broju serije kojoj preparat pripada i da li se on nalazu u programu “DOPING FREE”.

Kompletna logistika od strane ADAS-a koja je pružena distributerima i proizvođačima suplemenata je još jedan vid saradnje u borbi protiv dopinga u sportu sa idejom da naši sportisti steknu sigurnost vezanu sa sportske suplemente za čiji sastav niko ne garantuje.

Ukoliko ste zainteresovani da Vaš preparat predstavite sportskoj javnosti i ostalim korisnicima na jedin-stven način uključite se u “DOPING FREE” program. Pomozite sportistima da u mnoštvu postojećih suplemenata izaberu onaj koji smatraju sigurnim jer na sebi ima nalepnicu “DOPING FREE”.

PROJEKAT ANTIDOPING AGENCIJE REPUBLIKE SRBIJEPROJEKAT ANTIDOPING AGENCIJE „DOPING FREE“:


Univerzitet u Beogradu Farmaceutski fakultet - Institut za bromatologijuUniversity of Belgrade Faculty of Pharmacy - Institute of Bromatology

ČETVRTI KONGRES O DIJETETSKIM SUPLEMENTIMA SA MEĐUNARODNIM UČEŠĆEM

FOURTH CONGRESS OF FOOD SUPPLEMENTS WITH INTERNATIONAL PARTICIPATION

Suplementacija zasnovana na dokazimaEvidence based supplementation

PROGRAM I KNJIGA SAŽETAKAPROGRAMME AND ABSTRACT BOOK

24-25. oktobar 2013. Beograd, SrbijaOctober 24-25, 2013. Belgrade, Serbia00001

Broj reference:

Radi Vaše sigurnosti, proverite referencu na:

http://w

ww.adas.

org.rs

DOPING FREE: stimulansi i anabolici

Jedno od osnovnih prava sportista, očuvanje zdravlja i mentalnog integriteta, zaštićeno je antidoping kodeksom. ADAS je u skladu sa zakonom o sprečavanju doping u sportu i okviru saradnje sa Olimpijskim komiteteom Srbije započeo sa testiranjem dijetetskih suplemenata prisutnih na domaćem tržištuu na prisustvo supstanci sa Liste zabranjenih doping sredstava. Nalepnica „DOPING FREE“, koja se nalazi na testiranim preparatima označava da se u njima ne nalaze doping supstance iz grupe anaboličkih steroida i stimulansa.

Broj reference na nalepnici vezan je za broj serije suplementa. Kada na web stranici ADAS-a http://www.adas.org.rs/doping-free.php unesete broj reference sa nekog preparata, dobićete informacija o broju serije kojoj preparat pripada i da li se on nalazu u programu “DOPING FREE”.

Kompletna logistika od strane ADAS-a koja je pružena distributerima i proizvođačima suplemenata je još jedan vid saradnje u borbi protiv dopinga u sportu sa idejom da naši sportisti steknu sigurnost vezanu sa sportske suplemente za čiji sastav niko ne garantuje.

Ukoliko ste zainteresovani da Vaš preparat predstavite sportskoj javnosti i ostalim korisnicima na jedin-stven način uključite se u “DOPING FREE” program. Pomozite sportistima da u mnoštvu postojećih suplemenata izaberu onaj koji smatraju sigurnim jer na sebi ima nalepnicu “DOPING FREE”.

PROJEKAT ANTIDOPING AGENCIJE REPUBLIKE SRBIJE

„DOPING FREE“:

Poštovane kolege,

Zadovoljstvo da vama poželimo dobrodošlicu na Četvrti kongres o dijetetskim suplementima vraća nas u 2007. godinu kada smo na Prvom kongresu počeli neophodnu raspravu o značaju i mestu dijetetskih suplementa u našoj zemlji. Slobodno se može reći da smo reći da smo u proteklih 6 go-dina kroz više od 150 radova i sa preko 50 izlagača obuhvatili sve značajne teme u ovoj oblasti od bezbednosti, zdravstvene regulative do primene u najširem smislu i naučnih istraživanja uz objavlji-vanje publikacije sa spiskom suplemenata na našem tržištu. Zahvaljujući interesovanju i jedinstve-noj interakciji između farmaceuta, lekara, trenera, tehničara i sportista za dijetetske suplemente kao najznačajnijem motivu ovaj kongres uspevamo da organizujemo po četvrti put kao domaći kongres prve kategorije o čemu govori i broj poena dodeljenih od Zdravstvenog saveta Srbije.

Ove godine moto Kongresa je „Suplementacija zasnovana na dokazima” odnosno ponovno sagle-davanje oblasti primene suplemenata koji su nedvosmisleno dokazali pozitivne efekte na ljudsko zdravlje, prevenciju određenih stanja i bolesti, ali i uticaja na sportsku sposbnost i kvalitet života. Pored domaćih stručnjaka i ove godine sa nestrpljenjem očekujemo da čujemo predavanja kolega iz regiona koji će nam preneti svoja iskustva i rezultate. Kongres je takođe mesto na kome će spon-zorske kuće predstaviti svoje proizvodne i uvozne programe zasnovane na dokazima. Ove godine umesto uobičajenih postera koristimo iskustva kolega iz inostranstva i uvodimo elektronski poster odnosno mini usmene prezentacije, kada učesnici kogresa samo na jednom slajdu predstvljaju svoj rad u trajanju od tri minuta. Nakon svakog predavanja i svake sesije očekujemo diskusiju koja će neminovno dovesti do zaključaka značajnih za dalji rad.

Kraj oktobra u Beogradu može da bude izuzetno lep i sigurni smo da će biti vremena za nova po-znanstva i druženja u srcu Beograda, nedaleko od Skadarlije, ulice Strahinića Bana i Kneza Mihajlove, a posebno u klubu Avantura, Udruženja za medicinu sporta Srbije.

Prof. dr Slađana Šobajić & Dr sci Nenad Dikić

Dear Colleagues,

It is a pleasure to welcome you to the Fourth Congress of Dietary Supplements which take us back to 2007. year when we organized the First Congress and started discussion of the importance and position of dietary supplements in the country. We could say that in the past six years through more than 150 papers and over 50 exhibitors we have covered all important topics in the field from safety and health regulations to indications in its broadest sense. We did many scientific researches and published the List supplements on the market. Due to the interest and the unique interaction between pharmacists, physicians, trainers, technicians and sportsmen for dietary supplements, we have managed to arrange for the fourth time domestic first-class congress with the highest number of points awarded by the Health Council Serbia.

This year’s motto of the Congress is “Evidence-based supplementation” or re-consideration of the indications of supplements that have clearly made positive effects on human health, the prevention of certain conditions and diseases and influence on sport performance and the quality of life. In addition to local experts, this year we are looking forward to hearing lectures from colleagues from the region. Congress is also the place where the sponsoring companies present their production based on evidence. This year, instead of the usual posters, we have introduced e- poster and mini oral presentations, when the participants of the Congress present their work on a single slide in three minutes. After each lecture, and each session, discussion is expected, which will inevitably lead to important conclusions for the future.

The end of October in Belgrade can be very beautiful and we are sure there will be time for new friends and socializing in the heart of Belgrade, near the Skadarlija, streets Strahinića Bana and Knez Mihailova, especially in the Adventure Club of Sports Medicine Association of Serbia.

Prof. Sladjana Šobajić & Dr Nenad Dikic, MD, PhD

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ORGANIZATOR / ORGANISER:


Univerzitet u Beogradu Farmaceutski fakultet - Institut za bromatologijuUniversity of Belgrade Faculty of Pharmacy - Institute of Bromatology

PODRŠKA / SUPPORTERS:

Antidoping agencija Republike SrbijeAnti-Doping Agency of Serbia

PREDSEDNICI KONGRESA / CONGRESS PRESIDENTS:

Slađana Šobajić

Nenad Dikić

NAUČNI ODBOR / SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE:

Blaženčić Mladenović VeraBaralić IvanaBasić ZoricaDikić NenadĐorđević BrižitaIbrić SvetlanaJakovljević BrankoJakovljević VladislavKonstadinović VitaKotur JelenaKovačević NadaKundaković Tatjana

Milinković ZdeslavMileusnić MilanPopović Milka Rasulić LukasRistić MiljkoSamardžić MiroslavStanković IvanŠobajić SlađanaUmićević SvetozarVuković GoricaTorović LjiljanaTrajković Pavlović LjiljanaŽivanić Slobodan

ORGANIZACIONI ODBOR / ORGANIZING COMMITTEE:

Anđelković MarijaCvjetićanin MilošĐuričić IvanaStefanović Mirko

Stojmenović TamaraVesić Vukašinović MilicaVidović BojanaZrnić Milica

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SPONZORI / SPONSORS:Coca Cola

Ivančić i sinovi Pharmanova

&Dietpharm

EsensaLama Sport

PansportPharamswiss

Prom Line d.o.o

SEKRETARIJAT KONGRESA / CONGRESS SECRETARIAT:

Dr Marija Anđelkoviće-mail: [email protected]

www.suplementi.org.rs

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ŠEMA KONGRESA / CONGRESS SCHEME

24. OKTOBRA 2013, 11:00 – OTVARANJE KONGRESA / CONGRESS OPENNING

vreme / time 24/10/13 vreme / time 25/10/138:00 Registracija 8:00 Registracija

9:00 - 10:45 USMENE PREZENTACIJE IORAL PRESENTATIONS Imoderatori: Vesna Kuntić, Aleksandra Konić Ristić

9:00 - 10:45 USMENE PREZENTACIJE IIORAL PRESENTATIONS IImoderatori: Brižita Đorđević, Sladjana Žilić

10:45 - 11:15 Kafe pauza / Co�ee break 10:45 - 11:15 Kafe pauza / Co�ee break

11:15 - 12:45 SVEČANO OTVARANJEIVANČIĆ MINI SIMPOZIJUM – SAVREMENI ASPEKTI PRIMENE PROBIOTIKAIVANCIC MINI-SYMPOSIUM – CONTEMPORARY ASPECTS OF PROBIOTICSmoderator: Nenad Dikić

11:15 - 12:45 PHARMANOVA MINI SIMPOZIJUM – UTICAJ OME-GA 3 MASNIH KISELINA NA NUTRITIVNI STATUSPHARMANOVA MINI SYMPOSIUM – IMPACT OF OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS ON NUTRITIONAL STATUSmoderator: Slađana Šobajić

12:45 - 13:30 Ručak / Lunch break 12:45 - 13:30 Ručak / Lunch break

13:30 - 15:00 MINI SIMPOZIJUM – STATISTIKA DIJETETSKIH SUPLEMENATAMINI SYMPOSIUM – STATISTICS DIETARY SUPPLEMENTSmoderatori: Marija Anđelković, Ivana Baralić

13:30 - 14:15 MINI SIMPOZIJUM – BEZBEDNOST SUPLEMENATA, DEKLARACIJE, NUTRITIVNE I ZDRAVSTVENE IZJAVEMINI SYMPOSIUM – SUPPLEMENTS SAFETY, LABELS, NUTRITIONAL AND HEALTH CLAIMSmoderatori: Ljilja Torović, Zorica Basić

14:15 - 15:00 COCA COLA MINI SIMPOZIJUM – ZNAČAJ HIDRATACIJE U SPORTU I REKREACIJI COCA COLA MINI SYMPOSIUM – THE IMPORTANCE OF HYDRATION IN SPORT AND RECREATIONmoderator: Milica Vukašinović Vesić

15:00 - 15:30 Kafe pauza / Co�ee break 15:00 - 15:30 Kafe pauza / Co�ee break

15:30 - 17:00 MINI SIMPOZIJUM – MARKETING, BIOETIKA I ETIKA U SUPLEMENTACIJI MINI SYMPOSIUM – MARKETING, BIOETHICS AND ETHICS OF SUPPLEMENTATIONmoderatori: Josipa Mazalin Protulipac, Davor Korčok

15:30 - 17:00 USMENE PREZENTACIJE IIIORAL PRESENTATIONS IIImoderatori: Petrica Ružić, Ljiljana Stanojević,Tatjana KundakovićMINI ORALZATVARANJE

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DETALJNI SADRŽAJ PO DANIMA / DETAILED CONTENT PER DAYS

PRVI DAN KONGRESA / FIRST CONGRESS DAY – 24.10.13

USMENE PREZENTACIJE I / ORAL PRESENTATIONS I

09:00 – 10:45moderatori: Vesna Kuntić, Aleksandra Konić Ristić

1. UTICAJ NADOKNADE ASKORBINSKE KISELINE NA OKSIDACIONI STRES I NEUTROFILNI INFLAMATORNI ODGOVOR U VEŽBANJU DO ISCRPLJENOSTIINFLUENCE OF ASCORBIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION ON OXIDATIVE STRESS AND NEUTROPHYL INFLAMMA-TORY RESPONSE IN EXERCISE TO EXHAUSTIONLjiljana M. Popović, Nebojša R Mitić, Dijana Mirić, Ivan Radić and Tomislav Djokić . . . . . . . . . 5

2. UTICAJ SUPLEMENTACIJE SA GE132 NA OKSIDATIVNI STRES, OŠTEĆENJE MIŠIĆA I SPORTSKI UČINAK KOŠARKAŠICAEFFECT OF ANTIOXIDANT TREATMENT WITH GE132 ON OXIDATIVE STRESS, MUSCLE DAMAGE AND SPORT PERFORMANCE IN FEMALE BASKETBALL PLAYERSBaralić I, Antić T, Anđelković M, Dikić N, Vukašinovic Vesić M, Radivojević N, Đorđević B . . . . . 7

3. LEGUMINOZE – BILJNE KOMPONENTE SVAKODNEVNE ISHRANELEGUMES – THE ESSENTIAL COMPONENT OF DAILY DIETMargarita Dodevska, Brižita Đorđević, Slađana Šobajić . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

4. ZDRAVSTVENI I NUTRITIVNI ZNAČAJ PROBIOTIKAHEALTH BENEFITS AND NUTRITIONAL IMPORTANCE OF PROBIOTICSNada Tršić-Milanović, Vesna Cvetković . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

5. EFEKTI ORALNE PRIMENE L. RHAMNOSUS LA68 NA IMUNI SISTEM C57 BL/6 MIŠEVAEFFECTS OF L.RHAMNOSUS LA68 ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM OF C57 BL/6 MICE UPON ORAL ADMINISTRATIONRajna Dimitrijević, Nevena Ivanović, Geir Mathiesen, Vladimir Petrušić,Irena Živković, Brizita Đorđević, Ljiljana Dimitrijević . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

6. POBOLJŠANJE FUNKCIONALNIH SVOJSTAVA AIRANA PRIMENOM SINBIOTSKIH MIKROČESTICAIMPROVEMENT OF FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF AYRAN USING SYNBIOTIC MICROPARTICLESTanja Petreska Ivanovska, Lidija Petruševska-Tozi, Kristina Mladenovska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

7. ULOGA ZAMENSKOG OBROKA U TERAPIJI GOJAZNOSTIROLE OF MEAL REPLACEMENT IN THE TREATMENT OF OBESITYMarija Anđelković, Nenad Dikić, Nevenka Miković,Milica Vesić Vukašinović, Sanja Kanepa, Alesandro Kanepa, Tamara Antić . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

8. PRIMENA SUPLEMENATA U BARIJATRIJSKOJ HIRURGIJIUSE OF SUPLEMENTS IN BARIATRIC SURGERYJelena Gligorijević, Dragan Micić, Snežana Polovina,Veroslava Stanković, Tatjana Mraović . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

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9. UTICAJ KONZUMACIJE SOKA OD NARA NA FUNKCIJU TROMBOCITA I DRUGE FAKTORE RIZIKA ZA NAS-TANAK KARDIOVASKULARNIH OBOLJENJAEFFECTS OF POMEGRANATE JUICE CONSUMPTION ON PLATELET FUNCTION AND TRADITIONAL RISK FAC-TORS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASESAleksandra Konić Ristić, Tatjana Srdić-Rajić, Nevena Kardum,Ivan Stanković, Marija Glibetić . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

10. POLIFENOLI KAO ANTITROMBOCITNI AGENSI U PREVENCJI KARDIOVASKULARNIH BOLESTI – IN VITRO I EX VIVO ISPITIVANJAPOLYPHENOLS AS ANTIPLATELET AGENTS IN THE PREVENTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES – IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDIESAleksandra Konić Ristić, Tatjana Srdić-Rajić, Nevena Kardum,Ivan Stanković, Marija Glibetić . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

11. UTICAJ KONZUMIRANJA MALINE NA FAKTORE KOAGULACIJE KOD ZDRAVIH DOBROVOLJACAEFFECTS OF RASPBERRY CONSUMPTION ON PLASMA COAGULATION IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERSIvana Filipović Lješković, Vesna Kuntić . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

-IVANČIĆ MINI SIMPOZIJUM – SAVREMENI ASPEKTI PRIMENE PROBIOTIKA IVANCIC MINI-SYMPOSIUM – CONTEMPORARY ASPECTS OF PROBIOTICS

11:15 – 12:45moderator: Nenad Dikić

12. SAVREMENI ASPEKTI PRIMENE PROBIOTIKATHE CONTEMPORARY ASPECTS OF PROBIOTIC APLICATIONNenad Milivojević . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

13. BEZBEDNOST, EFIKASNOST I KVALITET DODATAKA ISHRANI KOJI SADRŽE MLEČNO-KISELINSKE BAKTERIJESAFETY OF USE, EFFICACY AND QUALITY OF FOOD SUPPLEMENTS CONTAINING LACTIC ACID BACTERIABojan Pavlović . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

14. EFIKASNOST SUPLEMENTACIJE SINBIOTICIMA U PREVENCIJI UOBIČAJENIH DEČIJIH INFEKCIJA TOKOM ZIMSKOG PERIODA: RANDOMIZOVANA, DVOSTRUKO SLEPA, PLACEBO KONTROLISANA PILOT STUDIJAEFFICACYOF A SYNBIOTICSUPPLEMENTATION IN THEPREVENTIONOFCOMMONWINTERDISEASES IN CHIL-DREN: A RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED PILOT STUDYMario Cazzola, Nhan Pham-Thi, Jean-Charles Kerihuel,Henri Durand and Serge Bohbot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

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MINI SIMPOZIJUM – STATISTIKA DIJETETSKIH SUPLEMENATAMINI SYMPOSIUM – STATISTICS DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS

13:30 – 15:00

moderatori: Marija Anđelković, Ivana Baralić

15. TREND PRODAJE DIJETETSKIH SUPLEMENATATHE SALES TRENDS IN DIETARY SUPPLEMENT INDUSTRYAleksandra Miletić, Geza Kurai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39

16. DIJETETSKI PROIZVODI U PRIVATNIM APOTEKAMANUTRACEUTICALS IN PRIVATE PHARMACIESIvan Eftović . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

17. ANALIZA SUPLEMENTACIJE SRPSKIH VRHUNSKIH SPORTISTATHE USE OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS BY SERBIAN ELITE ATHLETESNenad Dikić, Marija Anđelković, Ivana Baralić,Milica Vesić Vukašinović, Tamara Antić . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

18. DODACI ISHRANI I LEKOVI KOJI SE KUPUJU BEZ RECEPTA (SLIČNOSTI I RAZLIKE), ZNAČAJ EDUKACIJENUTRITION SUPPLEMENTS AND REMEDIES THAT ARE SOLD WITHOUT PRESCRIPTION (SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES) IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATIONVesna Andrejević, Bisenija Radivojević, Snežana Barjaktarović Labović . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

19. UPOTREBA DIJETETSKIH SUPLEMENATA MEĐU MLADIM LJUDIMAUSE OF DIETARY SUPLLEMENTS AMONG YOUNG PEOPLEDušan Antić . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50

20. UPOTREBA DIJETETSKIH SUPLEMENATA U POPULACIJI STUDENATA FARMACIJETHE USAGE OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS AMONG EUROPEAN PHARMACY STUDENT POPULATIONČakar Uroš, Bojana Vidović, Brižita Đorđević, Slađana Šobajić, Ivan Stanković . . . . . . . . . . . .52

21. NAVIKE U ISHRANI I UPOTREBA DODATAKA ISHRANI U PREVENCIJI ANEMIJEEATING HABITS AND SUPPLEMENT USE IN PREVENTION OF ANEMIADragana Stojisavljević, Ljubica Bojanić, Ljiljana Stanivuk, Slađana Šiljak,Dušanka Danojević, Jelena Niškanović, Mirjana Đermanović . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

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MINI SIMPOZIJUM – MARKETING, BIOETIKA I ETIKA U SUPLEMENTACIJIMINI SYMPOSIUM – MARKETING, BIOETHICS AND ETHICS OF SUPPLEMENTATION

15:30 – 17:00

moderatori: Josipa Mazalin Protulipac, Davor Korčok

22. USPJEŠAN DIJETETSKI PROIZVOD – POSTOJI LI TAJNI RECEPT?SUCCESSFUL FOOD SUPPLEMENT – IS THERE A SECRET RECIPE?Josipa Mazalin Protulipac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59

23. SUPLEMENTI – ŠTA SVE I KAKO REKLAMA MOŽEDIETARY SUPPLEMENTS – HOW ADVERTISING WORKS IN SUPPLEMENT CATEGORYVesna Ranković . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60

24. UPRAVLJANJE I OBEZBEĐENJE KVALITETA U PROIZVODNJI DIJETETSKIH SUPLEMENATAMANAGEMENT AND QUALITY ASSURANCE IN THE PRODUCTION O DIETARY PRODUCTSDavor J.Korčok, Ivana Baralić, Marina Korčok . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61

25. ULOGA I ZNAČAJ BIOETIČKIH RAZMATRANJA NA POLJU KOMUNIKACIJE I MEDIJATHE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF BIOETHICAL CONIDERATIONS IN THE FIELD OF COMMUNICATION AND MEDIASvetozar Umićević, Danijel Apostolović . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64

-DRUGI DAN KONGRESA / SECOND CONGRESS DAY – 25.10.13

USMENE PREZENTACIJE IIORAL PRESENTATIONS II

09:00 – 10:45

moderatori: Brižita Đorđević, Sladjana Žilić

26. SUPLEMENTACIJA U PROMOCIJI ZDRAVLJA, INFORMISANOST PACIJENATA O DIJETETSKIM SUPLEMEN-TIMA SA OMEGA-3 MASNIM KISELINAMASUPPLEMENTS IN HEALTH PROMOTION: PATIENTS’ AWARENESS ABOUT DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS WITH OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDSMirjana Đermanović, Slobodan Stanić, Ljubica Bojanić . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71

27. SADRŽAJ TEŠKIH METALA OLOVA, KADMIJUMA I ŽIVE U DIJETETSKIM SUPLEMENTIMA ZA REGULACIJU TJELESNE TEŽINE PRISUTNIM NA TRŽIŠTU REPUBLIK SRPSKECONTENT OF HEAVY METALS SUCH AS LEAD, CADMIUM AND MERCURY IN THE DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS FOR BODY WEIGHT MANAGEMENT, PRESENT ON THE MARKET OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKAMirjana Đermanović, Biljana Lazić, Slobodan Stanić, Ljubica Bojanić . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

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28. DIJETETSKI SUPLEMENTI I UPOTREBA ADITIVA – PRIMENA NOVE ZAKONSKE REGULATIVEDIETARY SUPPLEMENTS AND THE USE OF ADDITIVES – APPLICATION OF NEW LEGISLATIONMilica Zrnić, Ivan Stanković, Brižita Đorđević, Jovana Vignjević . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74

29. GC-MS ANALIZA ISPARLJIVIH SASTOJAKA GLJIVE LAETIPORUS SULPHUREUS (BULL.) MURRILL (POLYPORACEAE)GC-MS ANALYSIS OF VOLATILE COMPOUNDS OF MUSHROOM LAETIPORUS SULPHUREUS (BULL.) MURRILL (POLYPORACEAE)Marina Kolundžić, Tatjana Kundaković . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76

30. ZAMENA ZA OBROK I NJENA PRIMENA U OKVIRU HIPOKALORIJSKE DIJETEMEAL REPLECEMENT AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE HYPOCALORICAL DIETLorena Ilić, Svetlana Pejić Gerić . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77

31. SADRŽAJ UKUPNIH POLIFENOLA, FLAVONOIDA I ANTIOKSIDATIVNI POTENCIJAL CRNOG I BELOG GROŽĐA, JABUKE, KRUŠKE I ŠLJIVETOTAL POLYPHENOLS, FLAVONOIDS AND ANTIOXIDAT CAPACITY IN RED AND WITE GRAPES, APPLES, PEARS AND PLUMSVanja Todorović, Slađana Šobajic, Zoran Todorović . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80

32. SADRŽAJ UKUPNIH FENOLA I ANTIOKSIDANTNA AKTIVNOST DIJETETSKIH SUPLEMENATA SA FI-TOESTROGENIMATOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS WITH PHYTOESTROGENSMira Bursać, Jelena Cvejić, Milica Atanacković . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83

33. SOJA KAO BILJNI DIJETETSKI SUPLEMENT I IZVOR FITO-ESTROGENASOYBEAN AS A BOTANICAL DIETARY SUPPLEMENT AND SOURCE OF PLANT ESTROGENSSlađana Žilić, Vural Gökmen, Arda Serpen, Gül Akıllıoğlu, Vesna Perić . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85

34. ISPITIVANJE SADRŽAJA KOFEINA U DIJETETSKIM SUPLEMENTIMACAFFEINE IN DIETARY SUPPLEMENTSTatjana Nedeljković, Brižita Đorđević, Dragana Jović . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87

35. OPTIMIZACIJA USLOVA ZA TESTIRANJE INHIBITORNOG DEJSTVA EKSTRAKATA NA ANGIOTENZIN KONVERTUJUĆI ENZIMOPTIMIZATION OF TEST CONDITIONS FOR ANGIOTENSIN–CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTSMiona M. Belović, Nebojša M. Ilić, Aleksandra N. Tepić, Zdravko M. Šumić . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89

36. HIPERKALCEMIJA KOD ODOJČETA PROUZROKOVANA SUPLEMENTACIJOM VITAMINOM DHYPERCALCEMIA IN INFANT RECEIVING VITAMIN D SUPLEMENTATIONKarolina Berenji, Momčilo Pavlović . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91

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PHARMANOVA MINI SIMPOZIJUM – UTICAJ OMEGA 3 MASNIH KISELINA NA NUTRITIVNI STATUSPHARMANOVA MINI SYMPOSIUM – IMPACT OF OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS ON NUTRITIONAL STATUS

11:15 – 12:45

moderator: Sladjana Šobajić

37. ŠTA IMA NOVO U OMEGA-3 SVETU?WHAT IS NEW IN THE OMEGA-3 WORLDSlađana Šobajić . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97

38. OMEGA-3 INDEKS KAO FAKTOR RIZIKA ZA RAZVOJ KARDIOVASKULARNIH OBOLJENJAOMEGA-3 INDEX AS A RISK FACTOR FOR CARDIVASCULAR DISEASESIvana Đuričić, Slađana Šobajić . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99

39. OMEGA 3 MASNE KISELINE EPA I DHA : BENEFIT ZA ZDRAVLJE KROZ CEO LJUDSKI ŽIVOTOMEGA 3 FATTY ACIDS EPA AND DHA: HEALTH BENEFITS THROUGHOUT LIFEMirjana Ilić . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

-MINI SIMPOZIJUM – BEZBEDNOST SUPLEMENATA, DEKLARACIJE, NUTRITIVNE I ZDRAVSTVENE IZJAVEMINI SYMPOSIUM – SUPPLEMENTS SAFETY, LABELS, NUTRITIONAL AND HEALTH CLAIMS

13:30 – 14:15

moderator: Ljilja Torović, Zorica Basić

40. DIJETETSKI SUPLEMENTI – ONO ŠTO JE DEKLARISANO ILI NEŠTO DRUGODIETARY SUPPLEMENTS – WHAT IS DECLARED OR SOMETHING ELSEZorica Basić, Slavica Rađen, Siniša Mašić . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

41. REZULTATI KONTROLE USAGLAŠENOSTI ZDRAVSTVENIH IZJAVA NA DEKLARACIJAMA DIJETETSKIH SUPLEMENATA S PROPOZCIJAMA EVROPSKE AGENCIJE ZA BEZBEDNOST HRANE?COMPLIANCE CONTROL OF HEALTH CLAIMS ON DIETARY SUPPPLEMENTS WITH SCIENTIFIC OPINIONS PRE-PARED BY THE EUROPEAN FOOD SAFETY AUTHORITYTrajković-Pavlović Lj, Popović M, Velicki R, Torović Lj, Balać D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

42. PRIMENA TEČNE HROMATOGRAFIJE – ELEKTROSPREJ TANDEM MASENE SPETROMETRIJE ZA DETEKCI-JU SILDENAFILA, VARDENAFILA I TADALAFILA U DIJETETSKIM PROIZVODIMAAPPLICATION OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY – ELECTROSPRAY TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY IN DETER-MINATION OF SILDENAFIL, VARDENAFIL AND TADALAFIL IN DIETARY SUPPLEMENTSGorica Vuković, Vesna Pantić Palibrk, Marinela Tadić, Jelena Vlajković . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

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COCA COLA MINI SIMPOZIJUM – ZNAČAJ HIDRATACIJE U SPORTU I REKREACIJICOCA COLA MINI SYMPOSIUM – THE IMPORTANCE OF HYDRATION IN SPORT AND RECREATION

14:15 – 15:00

moderator: Milica Vukašinović Vesić

43. HIDRATACIJA I IZVORI VODE U ISHRANIHYDRATION AND WATER SOURCES IN THE DIETDanijela Ristić-Medić . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

44. ŠTA POLUMARATONCI ZNAJU O ADEKVATNOJ REHIDRACIJI?THE KNOWLEDGE OF HALF MARATHONERS ABOUT ADEQUATE REHYDRATIONVukašinović-Vesić M, Dikić N, Andjelković M, Stojmenović T, Baralić I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

45. EFEKTI DOBROVOLJNOG PREKIDA UNOSA TEČNOSTI NA KOŠARKAŠKE ŠUTERSKE PERFORMANSE I SPRETNOST PRSTIJUEFFECTS OF VOLUNTARY FLUID INTAKE DEPRIVATION ON BASKETBALL SHOOTING PERFORMANCE AND FINGER DEXTERITYVladimir Puzović, Katarina Krasić, Slađan Karaleić . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

-USMENE PREZENTACIJE IIIORAL PRESENTATIONS III

15:30 – 17:00

moderatori: Petrica Ružić, Ljiljana Stanojević,Tatjana Kundaković

46. KONTAMINACIJA DIJETETSKIH SUPLEMENATACONTAMINATION OF FOOD SUPPLEMENTSLjilja Torović, Danijela Lukić, Biserka Mihajlović,Ljiljana Trajković-Pavlović, Radmila Velicki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

47. ADITIVI U DIJETETSKIM SUPLEMENTIMAADDITIVES IN FOOD SUPPLEMENTSLjilja Torović, Gordana Milojević-Miodragović, Biserka Mihajlović,Ljiljana Trajković-Pavlović, Milka Popović . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

48. POTENTILLA SPECIOSA: SASTAV I ANTIOKSIDANTNA AKTIVNOSTPOTENTILLA SPECIOSA: CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITYKovačević N, Đekić G, Dobrić S, Kundaković T, Lakušić B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

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49. ANTIOKSIDATIVNA AKTIVNOST VODENOG EKSTRAKTA SEMENA MIROĐIJE (ANETHUM GRAVEOLENS L.) DOBIJENOG ULTRAZVUČNOM EKSTRAKCIJOMANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT FROM DILL SEEDS (ANETHUM GRAVEOLENS L.) OBTAINED BY ULTRASONIC EXTRACTIONLjiljana Stanojević, Biljana Stanković, Vesna Nikolić,Milorad Cakić, Dragan Cvetković, Dušica Ilić, Ana Tačić . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

50. PLAVI I TAMNO CRVENI KUKURUZ KAO IZVOR CIANIDIN 3-GLUKOZIDA SA VISOKIM ANTIOKSIDACIONIM KAPACITETOMBLUE AND DARK MAIZE AS SOURCE OF CYANIDIN 3-GLUCOSIDE WITH ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITYSlađana Žilić, Vural Gökmen, Arda Serpen, Gül Akıllıoğlu,Jelena Vančetivić, Marijana Janković . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Mini oral

51. BILJNI EKSTRAKTI KAKTUSA I ALGI KORIŠCENI U SUPLEMENTIMA ZA REGULACIJU TELESNE TEŽINEPLANT EXTRACTS FORM CATUS AND ALGAE USED IN WEIGHT MANAGEMENT CONTROLZagorka Blaževska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

52. PREVENCIJA I REGENERACIJA KOŠTANO ZGLOBNOG SISTEMA TOKOM FIZIČKE AKTIVNOSTI U SPORTUPREVENTION AND REGENERATION OF BONE JOINT SYSTEM DURING EXERCISE IN SPORTPetar Kojić . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

53. ULOGA HETEROPOLISAHARIDA U HEMOPREVENCIJI I KARCINOGENEZIROLE OF HETEROPOLYSACCHARIDES IN CHEMOPREVENTION AND CARCINOGENESISVladimir Laudanović . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

54. SUPLEMENTACIJA FOLNOM KISELINOM U PREVENCIJI DEFEKATA NEURALNE CEVIFOLIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION IN PREVENTION OF NEURAL TUBE DEFECTSĐurđica Bojić, Irena Homšek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

55. IDENTIFIKACIJA I ODREĐIVANJE SADRŽAJA SUVOG EKSTRAKTA EHINACEE (EHINACEAE PURPUREAE HERBA EXTRACTUM SICCUM) I VITAMINA C U SIRUPU, UPLC METODOMSIMULTANOES ANALYSIS OF DRY ECHINACEA EXTRACT (EHINACEAE PURPUREAE HERBA EXTRACTUM SIC-CUM) AND VITAMIN C IN SYRUP BY UPLC METHODNada Pavičić, Ljiljana Milovanović, Ivan Velikinac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

56. ANALIZA SADRŽAJA MASNIH KISELINA U SNEK PROIZVODIMACONTENT ANALYSIS OF FATTY ACIDS IN SNACK PRODUCTSŠobajić Slađana, Timić Jasmina, Đukić Sanja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

57. OMEGA-3 MASNE KISELINE – RIBE ILI SUPLEMENTI?OMEGA 3 FATTY ACIDS – FISH OR SUPPLEMENTS?Ivana Jovanović, Dušan Obradović . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Zatvaranje

PRVI DAN KONGRESAFIRST CONGRESS DAY

USMENE PREZENTACIJE IORAL PRESENTATIONS I

5PROGRAM I KNJIGA SAŽETAKA / PROGRAMME AND ABSTRACT BOOK

1. UTICAJ NADOKNADE ASKORBINSKE KISELINE NA OKSIDACIONI STRES I NEUTROFILNI INFLAMATORNI ODGOVOR U VEŽBANJU DO ISCRPLJENOSTILjiljana M. Popović1, Nebojša R Mitić1, Dijana Mirić2, Ivan Radić1 and Tomislav Djokić1

1Institut za Pato�ziologiju,Univerzitet u Prištini, Medicinski fakultet ( K.Mitrovica), Srbija2Institut za Biohemiju, Univerzitet u Prištini, Medicinski fakultet (K.Mitrovica), Srbija

Uvod: Dobro je poznata činjenica da intenzivna �zička aktivnost, posebno ako se spro-vodi neredovno, može dovesti do zapaljenskih promena ili strukturalnih oštećenja u sa-mim mišićima. Ovaj proces se karakteriše in�ltracijom angažovane muskulature neutro-�lima, pratećim ‘respiratornim praskom’ i produkcijom slobodnih radikala (ROS) što sve zajedno vodi nastanku stanja poznatog kao oksidacioni stres. Kao rezultat degranulacije neutro�la dolazi do porasta aktivnosti enzima mijeloperoksidaza (MPO) u plazmi, čije se prisustvo smatra indikatorom neutro�lnog in�amatornog odgovora. Askorbinska kiseli-na predstavlja snažan hidrosolubilni antioksidant, sposoban da zaštiti mišićne ćelije od oštećenja izazvanih delovanjem slobodnih radikala ili aktiviranih fagocita. Tokom evolu-cije kod ljudi se desio genski defekt praćen inaktivacijom enzima gulonolaktonoksidaze, neophodnog za sintezu askorbinske kiseline pa se dijetalna nadoknada ovog vitamina smatra neophodnom.

Postavljeni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se ispita efekt suplementacije askorbinske ki-seline na oksidacioni stres i neutro�lni in�amatorni odgovor u vežbanju do iscrpljenosti.

Metodologija. Kod 30 studenata koji nisu upražnjavali redovnu �zičku aktivnost ve-žbanje do iscrpljenosti je sprovođeno korišćenjem Bruce treadmill protokola. Marker lipidne peroksidacije (malondialdehid–MDA), status askorbinske kiseline (ukupna askorbinska kiselina, askorbat–A, dehidroaskorbat–DHA i DHA/A) i aktivnost mijelo-peroksidaze određivani su pre i nakon nadoknade askorbinske kiseline (2 g tokom 2 nedelje per os) u stanju mirovanja i neposredno nakon testa opterećenja.

Rezultati:

MDAμM/L

Askorbinska kiselina μM/L

DHAμM/L

AμM/L

DHA/A MPOU/L

Bazalna vrednost 3,04 55,70 31,60 24,13 1,62 45,8Nakon testa opterećenja 4,40 67,37 42,20 25,17 2,05 62,5p p<0,0001 p<0,0001 * * p=0,0014 p<0,0001Nakon suplementacije vitaminom CBazalna vrednost 2,12 98,57 57,80 40,77 1,68 42,07Nakon testa opterećenja 2,78 114,97 72,63 42,33 2,07 54,47p p<0,0001 p<0,0001 * * p=0,004 p<0,0001

Zaključak: Rezultati ukazuju da nadoknada askorbinske kiseline značajno smanjuje proces lipidne peroksidacije i koncentraciju MDA u plazmi ali nema uticaja na netro�lni in�amatorni odgovor.

Ključne reči: oksidacioni stres, in�amacija, askorbinska kiselina, neutro�li, MPO

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ČETVRTI KONGRES O DIJETETSKIM SUPLEMENTIMA SA MEĐUNARODNIM UČEŠĆEM / FOURTH CONGRESS OF FOOD SUPPLEMENTS WITH INTERNATIONAL PARTICIPATION

INFLUENCE OF ASCORBIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION ON OXIDATIVE STRESS AND NEUTROPHYL INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN EXERCISE TO EXHAUSTIONLjiljana M. Popović1, Nebojša R Mitić1, Dijana Mirić2, Ivan Radić1, Tomislav Djokić1

1Department of Pathophysiology, University of Priština, Medical school (in K.Mitrovica), Serbia2Department of Biochemistry, University of Priština, Medical school (in K.Mitrovica), Serbia

Introduction: It is well known that exhaustive exercise, especially when sporadic, caus-es structural damage or in�ammatory reaction within the muscle. This process is char-acterized by in�ltration of a�ected muscles by neutrophils (and other phagocytes), fol-lowed by ‘respiratory burst’ involving in additionally production of free radicals (ROS) and oxidative stress generation. That process has been speci�ed by increased concen-tration of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in circulation as a result of neutrophils degranulation. Ascorbic acid is a major aqueous-phase antioxidant and in response to exercise induced oxidative stress this vitamin is able to provide protection against phagocyte-mediated cell injury. Evolutionary inactivation of gulonolactoneoxidase enzyme made humans incapable of ascorbic acid synthesis, making dietary supplementation necessary.

The aim of this study was to examine the e�ect of ascorbic acid supplementation on oxi-dative stress generation and neutrophil in�ammatory response in exercise to exhaustion.

Methodology: Exercise to exhaustion was performed on 30 sedentary students using Bruce treadmill protocol. Marker of lipid peroxidation (MDA), ascorbic acid status (ascor-bic acid - Asc, ascorbat - A, dehidroascorbat - DHA and ratio DHA/A) and MPO activity were determinated before and after ascorbic acid supplementation (2 g for 2 weeks per os), at rest and after exercise test.

Results:

MDAμM/L

Ascorbic acid μM/L

DHAμM/L

AμM/L

DHA/A MPOU/L

Basal value 3,04 55,70 31,60 24,13 1,62 45,8After exercise test 4,40 67,37 42,20 25,17 2,05 62,5p p<0,0001 p<0,0001 * * p=0,0014 p<0,0001After vitamin C supplementation Basal value 2,12 98,57 57,80 40,77 1,68 42,07After exercise test 2,78 114,97 72,63 42,33 2,07 54,47p p<0,0001 p<0,0001 * * p=0,004 p<0,0001

Conclusions: Results suggest that ascorbic acid supplementation signi�cantly decrease the lipid peroxidation process and MDA concentration in plasma, but didn’t a�ect neu-trophil in�ammatory response.

Keywords: oxidative stress, in�ammation, ascorbic acid, neutrophil, MPO


2. UTICAJ SUPLEMENTACIJE SA GE132 NA OKSIDATIVNI STRES, OŠTEĆENJE MIŠIĆA I SPORTSKI UČINAK KOŠARKAŠICA Baralić I1, Antić T1, Anđelković M1, Dikić N1, Vukašinovic Vesić M1, Radivojević N1, Đorđević B2 1Udruženje za Medicinu Sporta Srbije, Beograd, Srbija2Institut za Bromatologiju, Farmaceutski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Beograd, Srbija

Uvod: Cilj studije bio je da se odredi uticaj suplementacije antioksidansima (GE132) na markere oksidativnog stresa, aktivnost mišićnih enzima i sportskog učinka kod košarka-šica.GE132 je antioksidans koji sadrži: ekstrat Gonoderme Lucidum, matični mleč, resve-ratrol, proteinski kompleks ajkule, ekstrat zelenog čaja i ekstrat šipka.

Metodologija: Četrnaest košarkašica bilo je uključeno u studiju. Sportiskinje su koristile GE132 dva puta dnevno u periodu od 90 dana. Uzorci krvi uzeti su pre i posle 90 dana uzi-manja suplementa GE132, i to pre i posle odrađenog košarkaškog treninga, u cilju FORT (test za slobodne kiseonične radikale) i FORD (odbrana od slobodnih kiseoničnih radikala) analize. Aspartat aminotransferaza (AST), kreatin kinaza (CK) i laktat dehidrogenaza (LDH) korišćeni su kao parametri za procenu stepena oštećenja mišića. Takođe, testovi za proce-nu repetativne snage (trbušnjaci i sklekovi), eksplozivne snage, anaerobne izdržljivsti (test 300 jardi) i agilnosti (T test) sprovedeni su pre i posle perioda suplementacije.

Rezultati: FORT je značajno smanjen u odgovoru na suplementaciju antioksidansima (glavni efekat suplementacije, p<0.001). ANOVA ponavljajuća merenja pokazala su značajno smanjenje za FORD tokom perioda opservacije (glavni efekat suplementaci-je, p<0.01). Vrednosti CK i LDH značajno su bile niže na kraju, nego na početku studije (p<0.05). Zabeleženo je i povećanje repetativne snage (sklekovi) i anaerobne izdržljivo-sti (p<0.05).

ZAKLJUČAK: Egzogena suplementacija protektivnim nutritijentima, koji se nalaze i u GE132, može smanjiti akutni i hronični oksidativni stres i oštećenje mišića i sledstveno tome, pozitivno uticati na anaerobne performanse košarkašica.

Ključne reči: oksidativni stres, FORT, FORD, košarka, oštećenje mišića, sportski učinak

EFFECT OF ANTIOXIDANT TREATMENT WITH GE132 ON OXIDATIVE STRESS, MUSCLE DAMAGE AND SPORT PERFORMANCE IN FEMALE BASKETBALL PLAYERSBaralić I1, Antić T1, Anđelković M1, Dikić N1, Vukašinovic Vesić M1, Radivojević N1 , Đorđević B2 1Sport Medicine Association of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia 2Institute for Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Begrade, Begrade, Serbia

Introduction: The aim of the study was to determine the impact of antioxidant supple-mentation (GE132) on oxidative stress markers, muscle enzymes activities and sports performance in female basketball players. GE132 is antioxidant supplement which con-tains: extract of Ganoderma Lucidum, royal jelly, resveratrol, shark protein complex, green tea extract and rose hip extract. Fourteen female basketball players participated in this study.

8


Methodology: Athletes were supplemented with GE132 twice a day during 90 days. Blood samples were obtained before and after 90 days of antioxidant treatment, in pre-exercise and post exercise condition, for analysis of FORT (Free Oxygen Radicals Test) and FORD (Free Oxygen Radical Defense). Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), cre-atine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), have been used as a way to evaluate the grade of muscle damage. Also, repetitive strength (abs and push-ups), explosive power, anaerobic endurance (300 yard shuttle test) and agility performance (T test) were measured before and after the supplementation period.

Results: The FORT signi�cantly decreased in response to antioxidant supplementation (main supplementation e�ect, p<0.001). ANOVA repeated measures revealed signi�cant decrease in FORD over the observational period (main supplementation e�ect, p<0.01). CK and LDH were remarkably lower at the end of observational period (p<0.05) in com-parison to the baseline. We have noticed the increase in repetitive strength (push-ups) and anaerobic endurance (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Exogenous supplementationwith protective nutraceuticals such as those found in GE132, could reduce acute and chronic oxidative stress and muscle damage, and subsequently provide bene�cial e�ect on anaerobic performance in basketball players.

Keywords: oxidative stress, FORT, FORD, basketball, muscle damage, sport performance

3. LEGUMINOZE – BILJNE KOMPONENTE SVAKODNEVNE ISHRANEMargarita Dodevska1, Brižita Đorđević2, Slađana Šobajić2

1Centar za ispitivanje namirnica doo, Beograd, Srbija;2Katedra za bromatologiju, Farmaceutski Fakultet, Beograd, Srbija;

Uvod: Pravilan način ishrane je važan preduslov za zdrav I kvalitetan način života. Da hrana bude zdrava treba da ispunjava određene nutritivne i zdravstvene uslove t.j. da zadovolji Principe racionalne ishrane. Sve komponente i količine su od posebnog zna-čaja kako u promociji zdravlja i smanjenju rizika od hroničnih nezaraznih bolesti, tako i u prevenciji de�cita i su�cita određenih nutritijenata.

Izvori proteina, skroba, enzima, minerala, vitamina B grupe i vlakana su leguminoze. Značajne su zbog niskog glikemijskog indeksa, izazivanja osećaja sitosti, ometanja ap-sorpcije glukoze i smanjenja postprandijalne glikemije, smanjenja nivoa LDL-holestero-la i povećanja HDL-holesterola.

Cilj ovog rada je bio kvantitativna analiza makronutrijenata pojedinih vrsta leguminoza koje često predstavljaju deo naše svakodnevne ishrane usled procesa termićkog tre-tmana (kuvanja).

Metodologija: Određivani su energetska i nutritivna vrednost, sadržaj skro-ba, šećera, ukupnih vlakana kao i pojedine frakcije vlakana. Od frakcija vlaka-na određivani su: beta glukan, arabinoksilan, celuloza, fruktan i rezistentni skrob. Primenjivane su standardne AOAC metode. Poređenje sadržaja pojedinih kompo-nenti u različitim grupama namirnica, izvšeno je ANOV-om i post hoc Tuckey testom.


Rezultati: Zajednička karakteristika svih ispitivanih leguminoza je jako nizak sadržaj masti i šećera. Sve ove namirnice imaju nisku energetsku vrednost, u proseku oko 100 kcal, dok boranija sa 40 kcal se značajno razlikuje od ostalih. Veliki su izvori ukupnih vla-kana. U svim ispitivanim uzorcima osim kod boranije odnos ukupnih vlakana i skroba je 1 : 3, dok kod boranije taj odnos je 1 : 2. Kako što se i moglo očekivati boranija je najbo-gatija celulozom (9.35±0.78 g/100 g), a grašak rezistentnim skrobom (4.35±0.06 g/100 g). Arabinoksilan i fruktan su najzastupljeniji kod pasulja (1.55±0.22 g/100 g), odnosno kod sočiva (1.10±0.21 g/100 g). Za sve leguminoze je jedna zajednička karakteristika da ne sadrže beta glukan.

Zaključak: Hrana koja se svakodnevno konzumira treba da sadrži preporučene količine određenih mikro i makronutrijenata. Određene količine pojedinih sastojaka hrane, a pre svega pojedine frakcije vlakana, koje su se pokazale korisnim po ljudsko zdravlje treba uno-siti kombinovanim iz prirodnih izvora. Zato su dobijeni rezultati od velikog značaja prili-kom formulisanja pravilne ishrane osoba na redukcionim dijetama, kao i zdrave populacije.

Ključne reči: leguminoze, skrob, vlakna, frakcije vlakana

LEGUMES – THE ESSENTIAL COMPONENT OF DAILY DIETMargarita Dodevska1, Brižita Đorđević2, Slađana Šobajić2

1Center for food Analysis, Belgrade, Serbia2Dept of Bromatology, University of Belgade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia

Introduction: Balanced diet is an important precondition to healthy and quality lifestyle. In order to be considered healthy, food has to comply to the particular nutritive and health quali�cations known as Principles of rational eating. All ingredients and quantities are rel-evant for health promotion and lowering the risk from developing chronic non-infective diseases, but equally important in prevention either excessive or de�cient intake od spe-ci�c nutrients.

Legumes are among main sources of proteins, starch, enzymes, minerals, B vitamins and �bre. They are valued for their low glycemic index, inducing satiety, suppressing glucose apsorption thus lowering postprandial glicemia, lowering the LDL-cholesterol and ele-vating the HDL-cholesterol. The aim of the study was to quantify the macronutrients in legume species most often present in our daily diet and to evaluate content of nutritive value due to thermal treatment (cooking).

Methodology: Legumes were analysed for nutritive and energetic value and their starch and sugar content. Total �bre and �bre fractions were determined also, precisely beta-glucan, arabinoxilan, cellulose, fructan and resistant starch. Measurings were per-formed by standard AOAC methods. The values obtained for each analyzed ingredient in di�erent food groups were compared by ANOVA and post hoc Tuckey test.

Results: The common feature found in every analyzed leguminose is extremely low fat and sugar content. In addition, they proved themselves to be of low energetic value, aver-age 100 kcal, except for string beans which measured only 40 kcal, the result signi�cantly di�erent from the rest of the group. The investigated members of the leguminose family

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are great source of total dietary �bre. In each sample analyzed the total �bre to starch ratio was 1:3, while in string beans the same ratio was 1:2. Like expected, string beans was highest in cellulose content (9.35±0.78 g/100 g) while green peas was highest in resistant starch (4.35±0.06 g/100 g). Arabinoxilan and fructan were found in the highest levels in beans and lentils, 1.55±0.22 g/100 g and 1.10±0.21 g/100 g, respectively. The results also con�rmed the absence of beta glucan, the another common feature of leguminose family.

Conclusion: The food consumed on daily basis is expected to contain the recommended ammount of essential micro and macro nutrients. Fractions of dietary �bre have proven health bene�ts and they are best supplied when combined from natural sources. There-fore we found the obtained results very important, thus should be considered in prepar-ing the proper formulation for both reduction diets and diets for healthy population.

Key words: legumes, starch, �bre, �bre fractions

4. ZDRAVSTVENI I NUTRITIVNI ZNAČAJ PROBIOTIKANada Tršić-Milanović, Vesna CvetkovićInstitut za virusologiju, vakcine i serume Torlak, Beograd, Srbija

Uvod: Probiotici su vijabilni mikroorganizmi koji doprinose zdravlju ako se konzumiraju u adekvatnim količinama u redovnoj ishrani ili kao dijetetski suplement. Popularnost probiotika je sve veća a pozicija između hrane i terapeutskog suplementa se konstantno razmatra sa zdravstvenog i nutritivnog aspekta.

U ishrani probiotici su prisutni u fermentisanim mlečnim proizvodima ili kao terapeutski suplementi u formi kapsula, tableta, praha i ampula.

Zdravstveni efekti probiotika su potvrđeni studijama o njihovom delovanju na gastro-intestinalni trakt, gde doprinose resorpciji hranljivih materija i sintezi vitamina K i B, pro�laksi i terapiji dijareja, terapiji Kronove bolesti i iritabilnog kolona, kao i u tretmanu vaginalnih i urinarnih infekcija i opštem poboljšanju statusa imunog sistema. Korisni efekti probiotika na ljudski organizam speci�čni su za probiotski soj, a njihov nutritivni i zdravstveni značaj je određen vrstom i količinom-ukupnim brojem živih mikroorgani-zama u probiotskom proizvodu.

Metodologija: Izbor probiotika zahteva pažljivo razmatranje i primenu odgovarajućih metoda za potvrđivanje deklarisanih podataka o probiotskom soju/sojevima i njihovim dokazanim nutritivnim i zdravstvenim efektima:

-preporuka je probiotik sa jasnom deklaracijom o vrsti/vrstama i broju živih mikroorga-nizama koji imaju zdravstvene efekte potvrđene kliničkim ispitivanjima, i dokumenta-ciju o bezbednoj primeni.

U praćenju nutritivnog i zdravstvenog značaja probiotika koristili smo klinička ispiti-vanja, kao i dokumentaciju za registraciju preparata Liobif, koji se od svih probiotskih preparata nalazi najduže na našem tržištu.

Rezultati: Metodom sekvenci 16S DNK u Liobif-u je potvrđen soj veri�kovan kao La-ctobacillus rhamnosus. Ovaj probiotski soj je kliničkim studijama, i upotrebom preko 40


godina potvrdio svoju ulogu u pro�laksi i tretmanu dijareja dece i odraslih, tretmanu stomatitisa i afti, u smanjenju holesterola i triglicerida. U �nalnom preparatu ima 108 do 1010 CFU po dozi a vijabilnost se zadržava do tri godine na temperaturi frižidera. Klinička studija potvrdila je neškodljivost primene na prevremeno rođenim bebama, kao i bolje napredovanju beba koje su dobijale preparat.

Zaključak: Liobif je probiotski preparat koji ima dokazan nutritivni i zdravstveni značaj i zadovoljava preporučene kriterijume za izbor probiotika. Korisni efekti su i dalje pred-met naših sadašnjih i budućih ispitivanja.

Ključne reči: probiotik, zdravstveni značaj, nutritivni značaj

HEALTH BENEFITS AND NUTRITIONAL IMPORTANCE OF PROBIOTICS Nada Tršić-Milanović, Vesna CvetkovićInstitute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera “Torlak”, Belgrade, Serbia

Introduction: Probiotics are viable microorganisms that confer health bene�ts if con-sumed in adequate amounts as part of a regular diet or as dietary supplement. The popularity of probiotics is increasing, and the position between food and a therapeutic supplement has been constantly reviewed from the health and nutritional point of view.

As part of a diet, probiotics are present as fermented dairy products or as therapeutic supplements in the capsule, tablet, powder and ampoule form.

Health-bene�cial e�ects of probiotics have been acknowledged in studies on their ef-fect on gastrointestinal tract, where they contribute to the resorption of nutritive sub-stances, vitamin K and B synthesis, prophylaxis and treatment of diarrhea, therapy of Crohn`s disease and irritable colon, treatment of vaginal and urinary infections and to the general improvement of the immune system status. Bene�cial e�ects of probiotics on human organism are speci�c to the probiotic strain, and their nutritional importance and health bene�ts are determined by the type and amount – total count of live micro-organisms in the probiotic product.

Methodology: Choosing a probiotic requires careful consideration and application of suitable methods to con�rm the declared data on probiotic strain(s) and their demon-strated nutritional and health-bene�cial e�ects:

- recommendation: probiotic supplement with a clear declaration on type(s) and count of live microorganisms having health-bene�cial e�ects con�rmed by clinical trials, and documentation on safe application.

During monitoring of the nutritional importance and health bene�ts of probiotics, we used the clinical trials and registration documentation for Liobif preparation, which has been found on our market the longest of all probiotic preparations.

Results: By the 16S DNA sequencing method, the strain veri�ed as Lactobacillus rham-nosus was con�rmed to exist in Liobif. This probiotic strain has con�rmed, in clinical studies and for more than 40 years of use, its role in prophylaxis and treatment of di-arrheas in children and adults, treatment of stomatitis and aphthae, reduction of cho-

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lesterol and triglyceride level. The �nal preparation contains 108 to 1010 CFU / dose, and viability is retained up to three years at the refrigeration temperature. The clinical study con�rmed safety of the product application in prematurely born babies, as well as bet-ter development of babies that received the preparation.

Conclusion: Liobif is a probiotic product with demonstrated nutritional importance and health bene�ts and it meets the recommended criteria for the probiotic choice. Bene�cial e�ects are still the subject matter of our present and future tests.

Keywords: probiotic, health bene�t, nutritional importance

5. EFEKTI ORALNE PRIMENE L. RHAMNOSUS LA68 NA IMUNI SISTEM C57 BL/6 MIŠEVARajna Dimitrijević1, Nevena Ivanović2, Geir Mathiesen3, Vladimir Petrušić1, Irena Živković1, Brizita Đorđević2, Ljiljana Dimitrijević1

1Odsek za istraživanje i razvoj, Institut za virusologiju, vakcine i serume, Torlak, Beograd, Srbija2Katedra za bromatologiju, Farmaceutski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Beograd, Srbija3Odsek za hemiju, biotehnologiju i nauku o hrani, Norveški univerzitet prirodnih nauka, Aas, Norveška

Uvod: Probiotici se koriste vekovima kao deo humane ishrane i u poslednje vreme pri-daje im se sve više značaja. Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitivanje imunoloških aspekata konzu-miranja soja Lactobacillus rhamnosus LA68.

Metodologija: Soj LA68 davan je miševima oralno, gavažom četiri puta nedeljno tokom mesec dana. Korišćena je sveža prekonoćna kultura i jedna doza sastojala se od 2x109 CFU. Nakon isteka eksperimentalnog perioda izolovani su mišji splenociti i analizirani pomoću protočne citometrije. Meren je i odgovor splenocita u vidu sekrecije citokina (IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17) kao i proliferacija nakon stimulacije lipopolisaharidom i pep-tidoglikanom. Analizirani su i citokini u serumu eksperimentalnih miševa. Zdravstveno stanje životinja praćeno je merenjem težine i osnovnih biohemijskih parametara.

Rezultati: Oralna aplikacija soja LA68 dovodi do značajnog smanjenja zastupljenosti CD3+, CD25+ i CD19+ ćelija i do povećanja CD11b+ and CD16/CD32+ ćelija u slezini eksperimentalnih miševa. Detektovana je i povećana osetljivost na stimulaciju meren-jem ćelijske proliferacije i sekrecije IL-6. U serumu eksperimentalnih miševa detektovan je povišeni nivo IFN-γ i smanjenje IL-10. Težina životinja i biohemijski parametri nisu se razlikovali medju grupama i ulazili su u opseg normalnih vrednosti za ovu vrstu miša.

Zaključak: Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na povećanu osetljivost splenocita na stimulaciju, aktivaciju Th1 tipa imunskog odgovora i pomeranje leukocitne populacije ka monocit-no/granulocitnoj populaciji. Detektovane promene mogu pomoći organizmu u odbrani protiv određenih vrsta infekcija i umanjiti simtome alergije.


EFFECTS OF L.RHAMNOSUS LA68 ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM OF C57 BL/6 MICE UPON ORAL ADMINISTRATIONRajna Dimitrijevic1, Nevena Ivanovic2, Geir Mathiesen3, Vladimir Petrusic1, Irena Zivkovic1, Brizita Djordjevic2, Ljiljana Dimitrijevic1

1Department of Research and Development, Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera, Torlak, Belgrade, Serbia2Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 3Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway

Introduction: Probiotic bacteria have been used in human nutrition for centuries and are attracting more attention in recent years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the e�ects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus LA68 on the immune system of mice.

Methodology: In order to examine the immunological aspects of probiotic consump-tion LA68 was orally administrated via gavage to C57 BL/6 mice. Gavage was performed four times per week for the duration of one month. Fresh overnight culture was used and one dose consisted of 2x109 CFU. Upon completion mouse splenocytes were iso-lated and analyzed by �ow cytometry. The magnitude of splenocyte proliferation upon stimulation with LPS and peptidoglycan and cytokine levels (IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17) were assessed. Cytokine levels in the serum were also analyzed. Mouse well being was monitored with weight measurement and basic blood biochemisty.

Results: Oral application of strain LA68 leads to a signi�cant decrease of CD3+, CD25+ and CD19+ cells, and an increase of CD11b+ and CD16/CD32+ positive cell populations in the mouse spleen. Increased sensitivity to stimulation through proliferation and IL-6 secretion was detected. Increased serum IFN-γ and decreased IL-10 levels were found. Animal weight and biochemical parameters did not di�er between the groups and were within the normal values for this mouse strain.

Conclusion: Our results show increased responsiveness of splenocytes, activation of the Th1 type of immune response, and a shift of leukocyte populations toward mono-cyte/granulocyte populations. Changes detected consist of a boost in defense mecha-nisms against certain types of bacteria and ameliorate allergy symptoms.

6. POBOLJŠANJE FUNKCIONALNIH SVOJSTAVA AIRANA PRIMENOM SINBIOT-SKIH MIKROČESTICATanja Petreska Ivanovska, Lidija Petruševska-Tozi, Kristina MladenovskaUniverzitet “Sv. Ćirila i Metodija” Framaceutski Fakultet, Skoplje, Makedonija

Interesovanje za otkrivanje novih funkcionalnih namirnica sa potencijalnim pozitivnim efektima na zdravlje ljudi je u stalnom porastu. Shodno tome, cilj istraživanja bio je da se poboljšaju funkcionalna svojstva komercijalno dostupnih Airana (Zdravje Radovo, Ma-kedonija ), uz zadržavanje visokog kvaliteta proizvoda.

U cilju ispitivanja kvaliteta Airana sa poboljšanim funkcionalnim svojstvima, tri uzorka Ai-rana su obogaćena: Lactobacillus casei kao probiotikom, L. casei i prebiotikom oligofruk-

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tozom obogaćenom inulinom kao sinbiotikom, kao i mikročesticama sinbiotika hito-zan-Ca-alginata. Sprovedena ispitivanja podrazumevaju utvrđivanje titracione kiselosti (mlečna kiselina , %), pH merenja, sadržaja proteina i masti Airana pomoću Pine i Gerber metode, dok je suva materija određena gravimetrijskom metodom. Pored toga, funkcio-nalna svojstva probiotskih/sinbiotskih Airan uzoraka su ocenjeni korišćenjem mikrobio-loških analiza i kvantitativnim određivanje organskih kiselina pomoću HPLC metode.

Prema rezultatima hemijskih ispitivanja, sadržaj proteina i masti je na zadovoljavajućim vrednostima ukazujući da Airan uzorci obogaćeni sa probioticima/sinbioticima održa-vaju kvalitet proizvoda tokom 2 nedelje čuvanja u hladnjači. Suva materija u uzorcima Airan obogaćeno sa probiotskim, sinbiotiskim i mikročesticama sinbiotika je umereno povećana zbog dodatih sastojaka. Značajne razlike u kiselosti i pH vrednosti nisu ot-kriveni između uzoraka, čime su se pH vrednosti Airana, L. casei obogaćenog Airana, sinbiotikom obogaćenog Airana i Airan koji sadrže mikročestice kretale od 4.55 do 4.47, 4.54 do 4.41, 4.54 do 4.4 i 4.58 u 4.45, a kiselost vrednosti u rasponu od 0,64 do 0,69, 0,65 do 0,75, 0,65 i 0,67 do 0,71 do 0,77% mlečne kiseline, respektivno. Probiotska analiza Airan uzoraka pomoću MRS medija je pokazala da je održivost L. casei znatno veća kod Airana sa sinbiotskim mikročesticama. Na kraju hladnog skladištenja, probiotska vijabilnost Airana obogaćenog L. casei, sinbiotikom i mikročesticama je bila 6,89 , 6,32 i 8,22 log CFU / ml od početnih vrednosti 9,43 , 9,7 i 9,58 log CFU / ml, redom. Sadržaj proizvedene mlečne i sirćetne kiseline u kapsuliranim ćelijama do 7.43 mg/ml i 4,80 mg/ ml naspram odgovarajućih vrednosti 6,27 mg/ml i 4,01 mg/ml i 6,35 mg/ml i 4,04 mg/ml u nekapsuliranim ćelijama i sinbioticima, potvrdio je povećanu metaboličku aktivnost kapsuliranih L. casei.

U zaključku, razvijeni su novi mlečni funkcionalni proizvodi koji održavaju potreban kvalitet Airana u roku trajanja od 2 nedelje. Airan koji sadrži sinbioske mikročestice sa povećanim brojem vitalnih L. casei ima poboljšane funkcionalne osobine i pokazao je koliko mlečna kiselina utiče na terapijski GIT, a sirćetna kiselina poboljšava antimikrob-na svojstva proizvoda uz prihvatljivu strukturu.

Ključne reči: Lactobacillus casei , sinbiotske mikročestice , funkcionalna hrana

IMPROVEMENT OF FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF AYRAN USING SYNBIOTIC MICROPARTICLESTanja Petreska Ivanovska, Lidija Petrushevska-Tozi, Kristina MladenovskaUniversity “Ss. Cyril and Methodius” Faculty of Pharmacy, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia

The interest of discovering new functional foods associated with potential bene�cial ef-fects on human health is constantly growing. Pursuant to this, the aim of the study was to improve functional properties of the commercially available AYRAN (Zdravje Radovo, Macedonia), while maintaining the high quality criteria of the product.

In order to investigate the quality of the ayran samples with improved functional prop-erties, three samples of ayran forti�ed with Lactobacillus casei as probiotic, L. casei and prebiotic oligofructose enriched inulin as synbiotic, and synbiotic chitosan-Ca-alginate


microparticles were prepared. The studies carried out involve determination of titration acidity (lactic acid, %), pH measurements, protein and fat content of the ayran by Pyne method and Gerber method, respectively, while the total solids were determined using gravimetric method. In addition, functional properties of the probiotic/synbiotic ayran samples were evaluated using microbiological analysis and quantitative determination of organic acids produced by HPLC method.

According to the results of the chemical examination, content of proteins and fats was within the required levels of the plain ayran indicating that ayran samples forti�ed with probiotic/synbiotic maintained the quality of the product during 2 weeks of cold stor-age. Total solids in the ayran samples forti�ed with probiotic, synbiotic and synbiotic microparticles were moderately increased due to added dry matters. Signi�cant di�er-ences of acidity and pH values were not detected between the samples, thus the pH val-ues of the ayran, L. casei enriched ayran, synbiotic enriched ayran and ayran containing microparticles ranged from 4.55 to 4.47, 4.54 to 4.41, 454 to 4.4 and 4.58 to 4.45, while the acidity values ranged from 0.64 to 0.69, 0.65 to 0.75, 0.65 to 0.71 and 0.67 to 0.77% of lactic acid, respectively. Probiotic counts of ayran samples using MRS media showed that the viability of L. casei remained signi�cantly higher in ayran forti�ed with synbiotic microparticles. At the end of the cold storage, the probiotic viability in ayran enriched with L. casei, synbiotic and synbiotic microparticles were 6.89, 6.32 and 8.22 log cfu/ml from the initial count of 9.43, 9.7 and 9.58 log cfu/ml, respectively. The content of produced lactic and acetic acid of encapsulated cells up to 7.43 mg/ml and 4.80 mg/ml vs. respective values of 6.27 mg/ml and 4.01 mg/ml and 6.35 mg/ml and 4.04 mg/ml of non-encapsulated cells and synbiotic, con�rmed increased metabolic activity of encapsulated L. casei.

In conclusion, new dairy functional products that maintain the required quality of the ayran within the expiry date of 2 weeks were developed, while the ayran containing syn-biotic microparticles with increased viable counts of L. casei showed improved function-al properties as far as lactic acid therapeutically a�ects the GIT and acetic acid improves the antimicrobial properties of the product along with acceptable structure.

Keywords: Lactobacillus casei, synbiotic microparticles, functional food

7. ULOGA ZAMENSKOG OBROKA U TERAPIJI GOJAZNOSTIMarija Anđelković¹, Nenad Dikić¹, Nevenka Miković¹, Milica Vesić Vukašinović¹, Sanja Kanepa², Alesandro Ka-nepa², Tamara Antić1

¹Udruženje za medicinu sporta Srbije, Beograd, Srbija²Udruženje za pravilan način života i prevenciju, Beograd, Srbija

Uvod: Zamene za obrok su napici, šejkovi, čokoladice ili slični dijetetski suplementi koji imaju za cilj da obezbede potrebne hranljive materije u situacijama kada ih je nemoguće uneti putem regularne ishrane i/ili obroka. Zamenski obrok je našao svoju primenu kao sastavni deo restrikcionih dijeta kod terapije gojaznosti. Najveći procenat gojaznih ljudi upravo se leči klasičnim terapijskim metodama: restrikcijom telesne težine i povećanjem �zičke aktivnosti. Očekivani efekti ove terapije su: redukcija telesne težine, poboljšanje te-

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lesne kompozicije i normalizacija pro�la telesnih masti, poboljšanje aerobne sposobnosti, sniženje frakcija lipida u krvi, kao i sniženje vrednosti arterijskog krvnog pritiska.

Postoje različite forme šejkova koji služe kao zamena za obrok u cilju postizanja opti-malne telesne težine ljudi širom sveta, ali su na tržištu najčešće formule gde su proteini najzastupljeniji, zajedno sa ostalim esencijalnim mikro i makronutrijentima. Svakodnev-no konzumiranje zamenskih obroka značajno smanjuje unos kalorija koje bi se unele putem uobičajenih obroka i time se postiže efekat restrikcije energetskog unosa kao preduslova za smanjenje telesne težine.

Cilj ove prospektivne pilot studije je bio da se ispita uticaj higijensko-dijetetskog režima sa zamenskim obrokom uz programirano vežbanje umerenog intenziteta na redukciju telesne težine i telesnih masti kod gojaznih ispitanika. Sekundarni ciljevi su bili vezani za određivanje učestalosti metaboličkog sindroma, psiholoških poremećaja i nezdravih životnih higijensko-dijetetskih navika u populaciji gojaznih.

Metodologija: Ova interventna pilot studija je trajala tri meseca tokom 2012.godine i nastavljena je nakon toga. Inicijalno uključivanje učesnika oba pola je urađeno na osno-vu jednostavnog određivanja BMI koji je morao da bude ≥30. Tokom studije sprovedena su sledeća merenja i testovi u cilju određivanja parametara koji su se evaluirali na poče-tku i kraju programa:

• Antropometrijska merenja (telesna težina i telesna visina) • Određivanje distribucije telesnih masti (merenje obima struka)• Telesna kompozicija pomoću TANITA vaga (BMI, BMR, FAT%, FAT MASS, FFM, TBW)• Merenje krvnog pritiska• Funkcionalna ispitivanja (test optrećenja na pokretnoj traci: merenje VO2 max, HR max)• Motorička ispitivanja: merenje �eksibilnosti i mišićne snage• Biohemijske analize krvi sa kompletnom krvnom slikom (KKS; Gly; kompletan lipi-

dogram -Hol, Tg, HDL, LDL; parametri bubrežne funkcije-urea, kreatinin, mokraćna kiselina; funkcija jetre – AST,ALT; medijator zapaljenja –CRP, �brinogen)

• Ispitivanje navika u ishrani pomoću trodnevnog dnevnika ishrane • Procena nivoa �zičke aktivnosti pomoću IPAQ ( International Physical Activity

Questionnaire)• Procena nivoa raspoloženja i depresije pomoću BDI –II ( Beck Depression Inventory)• Procena kvaliteta sna pomoću PSQI (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index)

Tokom trajanja programa ispoštovane su tri osnovne komponente u cilju tretmana go-jaznosti, gde je pored dozirane programirane �zičke aktivnost (tri puta nedeljno po 45 minuta) i edukacije o zdravoj ishrani, akcenat bio na poštovanju posebnog higijensko-dijeteskog režima uz korišćenje tečne zamene za obrok (u vidu šejk napitka za gubljen-je težine). Ukupan dnevni kalorijski unos je pomoću zamenskog obroka redukovan za 500-1000 kcal u odnosu na potrebe. Program mršavljenja se sprovodio uzimanjem dva zamenska obroka (pod nazivom Herbalife Formula 1), dok su učesnici za jedan obrok i dve užine mogli da biraju hranu. Ova dva obroka koja su imala cilj da dovedu do sitosti


učesnika, zajedno imaju 440 kalorija, pa su shodno tome učesnici težili da svoje ostale obroke dovedu u okvire poželjnih 1500-2000kcal dnevnog energetskog unosa.

Rezultati: Pilot program je obuhvatio 13 osoba, oba pola (6 muškaraca i 7 žena), uzrasta od 26-65.godina (46.2±12.0 god.). Prosečne vrednosti body mass indeksa (BMI) 36.6±5.8 kg/m2, prosečna telesna masa 109.0±24.9 kg i procenta masnog tkiva F% 38.2±6.6 svr-stavaju ispitanike u grupu gojaznih pacijenata. Najčešći pridruženi komorbiditet je bio metabolički sindrom i hipertenzija i oni su bili terapijski regulisani tokom programa. Na-kon sprovedenog tretmana statistički značajna razlika je postojala (Sig <0.05) za sledeće parametre: telesna težina 106.5±24.3kg, BMI 35.6±5.5, fat mass tela (sa početnih 41.7± 11.1 do krajnjeg 39.8±10.8kg). Statistički se smanjio fat mass i procenat masti F% u obe ruke. Sistolni i dijastolni pritisak su se statistički značajno snizili: sistolni (sa početnog 140.4± 20.2 do krajnjeg 127.2±11.1mmHg) i dijastolni (sa početnog 92.2± 17.6 do kraj-njeg 79.5±8.5mmHg). Nije došlo do statistički značajne razlike u gubitku fat free mass (FFM) što je jedna od osnovnih težnji prilikom redukcije telesne težine.

Zaključak: Sprovedeno istraživanje pokazuje da je režim ishrane sa zamenskim obro-kom u kombinaciji sa vežbanjem, doveo do redukcije telesne mase i segmentnog remo-deliranja tela, što je i bio osnovni cilj. Ovakav tretman je izazvao značajne promene u morfološkom statusu, telesnoj kompoziciji, kao i stanju uhranjenosti ispitivanih osoba. Zamena za obrok je doprinela da ispitanici uz osećaj sitosti i unos esencijalnih makro i mikronutrijenata, redukuju kalorijsku vrednost energetskog unosa i time smanje stepen gojaznosti i zdravstvene rizike koje ona nosi sa sobom.

Ključne reči: zamena za obrok, gojaznost, telesna masa, �zička aktivnost

ROLE OF MEAL REPLACEMENT IN THE TREATMENT OF OBESITYMarija Anđelković¹, Nenad Dikić¹, Nevenka Miković¹, Milica Vesić Vukašinović¹, Sanja Kanepa², Alesandro Kanepa², Tamara Antić¹¹Sports Medicine Association of Serbia (Outpatient Clinic Vita Maxima), Belgrade, Serbia²Association for healthy lifestyle and prevention, Belgrade, Serbia

Introduction: Meal replacements refers to drinks, shakes, candy bars or similar dietary supplements that are designed to provide the necessary nutrients in situations where it is impossible to enter it through regular diet or meals. Meal replacement found its applica-tion as part of the restriction diet in treatment of obesity. The highest percentage of obese people are treated with classical methods of therapy: the weight restriction and increas-ing physical activity. The expected e�ects of this therapy are: reduction in body weight, body composition improvement, normalization of body fat pro�les, improving aerobic ca-pacity, lowering blood lipid fractions, as well as reduction of arterial blood pressure. There are di�erent forms of shakes that serve as a meal replacement to ensure optimal weight of people around the world, but most present formulas on the market are dominant with proteins, along with other essential micro and macronutrients. Daily consumption of a meal replacement signi�cantly reduces the intake of calories through regular meals and thus achieving the e�ect of restriction of energy intake as a prerequisite for weight loss.

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The primary objective of this prospective pilot study was to investigate the e�ects of hygienic and dietary regime with meal replacement and programmed moderate inten-sity exercise on the reduction of body weight and body fat. Secondary objectives were to determine the incidence of associated metabolic syndrome, psychological disorders and unhealthy hygiene and dietary habits in a population of obese.

Methodology: This pilot intervention study lasted for three months in 2012. and con-tinued thereafter. Initial inclusion criteria has been done on the basis of BMI that had to be ≥ 30th and participants included both sexes. The following measurements and tests was conducted during the study to determine the parameters that were evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the program:

• Anthropometric measurements (weight and height)• Determination of body fat distribution (waist circumference)• Body composition determined using TANITA scale (BMI, BMR, Fat% FAT MASS, FFM, TBW)• Measurement of blood pressure• Functional tests (ergospyrometry: measurement of VO2 max, HR max)• Motor test: measurement of muscle strength and �exibility• Blood tests with biochemical analyses (complete blood count, glucose, complete

lipid pro�le -cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL; renal parameters- urea, creatinine, uric acid; liver function - AST, ALT; mediator of in�ammation-CRP, �brinogen)

• Eating patterns and dietary habits determined by three-day diet record• Assessment the level of mood and depression using the BDI-II (Beck Depression Inventory)• Assessment the quality of sleep by PSQI (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index)• Assessment of the level of physical activity using IPAQ (International Physical Ac-

tivity Questionnaire)

During the program, three basic components were complied to treat obesity: respect of special diet regime using liquid meal replacement (in the form of shakes for weight loss), nutrition education and programmed moderate physical activity three times a week for 45 minutes. Total daily caloric intake was reduced for 500-1000 kcal by meal replace-ment and diets ranged from 1500-2000 kcal/day. Weight loss program is implemented by taking two meal replacements (called Herbalife Formula 1), while participants could choose food for one meal and two snacks. The two meal replacements that had intend-ed to bring participants to the satiety had in total 440 calories. Therefore participants tended to put remaining daily energy intake in range of desirable 1500-2000kcal.

Results: The pilot program included 13 individuals of both sexes (6 male and 7 female), aged 26-65.years (46.2 ± 12.0 yr.). Average values of body mass index (BMI) 36.6 ± 5.8 kg/m2, mean body weight of 109.0 ± 24.9 kg and body fat percentage F% 38.2 ± 6.6 show that respondents fall into the category of obese people. The most common comorbidity was metabolic syndrome and hypertension and they were regulated during the pro-gram. At the end of treatment with meal replacement and physical exercise statistical-ly signi�cant di�erence was observed (Sig <0.05) for the following parameters: body weight 106.5 ± 24.3kg, BMI 35.6 ± 5.5, body fat mass (from an initial 41.7 ± 11.1 to the


�nal 39.8 ± 10.8kg). The percentage of fat mass and F% was signi�cantly reduced in both arms. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were signi�cantly lowered: systolic (from the initial 140.4 ± to the �nal 20.2 127.2 ± 11.1mmHg) and diastolic (the initial 92.2 ± 17.6 to 79.5 ± 8.5mmHg �nal). There was no statistically signi�cant di�erence in the loss of segmental and total fat free mass (FFM) which is desirable.

Conclusion: Our research shows that meal replacement diet regime with programmed physical exercise led to reduction in body weight, which was the main goal.Treatment with meal replacement and physical activity caused a signi�cant change in the morphological status, body composition, and nutritional status in obesy people. Meal replacement con-tributed to satiety with intake of essential macro and micronutrient, reduced caloric value of energy intake and thus reduce the level of obesity and the health risks it brings.

Key words: obesity, body weight, physical activity

8. PRIMENA SUPLEMENATA U BARIJATRIJSKOJ HIRURGIJIJelena Gligorijević1, Dragan Micić2, Snežana Polovina2, Veroslava Stanković3, Tatjana Mraović4

1Ambulanta za dijetetiku, Klinički centar Srbije2Klinika za endokrinologiju, dijabetes i bolesti metabolizma, Klinički centar Srbije3Visoka zdravstvena škola strukovnih studija u Beogradu 4Vojnomedicinska akademija, Beograd

Hirurško lečenje gojaznosti metodama barijatrijske hirurgije podrazumeva različite inter-vencije na organima za varenje, sa ciljem da se umanji količina hrane koju bolesnik može da unosi i/ili da se smanji resorpcija hranljivih materija.

Među različitim tehnikama barijatrijske hirurgije, u svetu a i u Kliničkom centru Srbije, sada se najviše primenjuje procedura R en Y gastric bypass. Ovom procedurom vrši se resekcija većeg dela želudca i formira se mali pouch koji može da primi samo male koli-čine hrane. Istovremeno pouch se povezuje sa jejunumom, pa se iz varenja i resorpcije isključuju veći deo želudca, duodenum i deo jejunuma. Smanjeni unos i smanjna re-sorpcija hranljivih materija dovode do značajnog gubitka telesne mase, posebno tokom prve godine posle operacije. Međutim, istovremeno je značajno povećan rizik za pojavu de�cita vitamina, minerala pa i proteina.

U KCS je u periodu jun 2011 - decembar 2012, operisano 123 bolesnika. Kod 22 bolesnika koji su operisani pre 12-18 meseci, gubitak telesne mase je iznosio 37.4±10.8 kg (14.1-60 kg). Коd 11 bolesnika koji su operisani pre više od 18 meseci gubitak telesne mase je izno-sio 38.3±15.3 kg (20.8-62.7 kg).

Zbog velikog rizika za pojavu de�cita, posle većine barijatrijskih procedura primenjuju se različiti suplementi, pri čemu izbor suplemenata i doze koje se primenjuju zavise od vrste operacije i individualnih potreba.

U Kliničkom centru Srbije posle operacije gastrični bajpas, već drugog operativnog dana otpočinje se sa primenom tečnih preparata za enteralnu ishranu (10 gr proteina u 100 ml) uz postupno povećanje količine do 200 ml/dnevno. Tokom prve 4 nedelje primenjujemo i suplemente na bazi proteina surutke u količini do 20 gr dnevno.

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Prvih 2 meseca posle operacije primenjujemo vitaminske i mineralne suplemente is-ključivo u obliku tableta za žvakanje ili u tečnom obliku, a posle 2 meseca i u obliku tableta manjih od 11mm. Doziranje je isključivo individualno i vrši se prilikom redovnih kontrolnih pregleda kada se rade i detaljna biohemijska i druga potrebna ispitivanja. Najčešće primenjujemo preparate multivitamina sa mineralima koje sadrže 100% RDA za barem 2/3 vitamina i minerala, pri čemu preporučujemo doživotnu primenu 1-2 ta-blete dnevno. Takođe, propisujemo vitamin B12, kad god je to moguće preparate za oralnu upotrebu, ali zbog visoke cene česta je i intramuskularna primena OHB12 u dozi od 2.5 mg na svakih 3-6 meseci.

Tokom prve godine često primenjujemo i preparat kalcijuma sa vitaminom D (500-1000 mg kalcijumcitrata sa vitaminom D3 400-800 IU), kao i preparate gvožđa i to u obliku fero sulfata, fumarata ili glukonata.

Ključne reči: gojaznost, barijatrijska hirurgija, suplementi

USE OF SUPLEMENTS IN BARIATRIC SURGERYJelena Gligorijević1, Dragan Micić2, Snežana Polovina2, Veroslava Stanković3, Tatjana Mraović4

1Ambulance for dietetics, Clinical Center of Serbia2Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Diseases of Metabolism3Higher Education School of Professional Health Studies in Belgrade4Military Medical Academy, Belgrade

Bariatric surgery is surgical treatment of obesity which includes a variety of procedures performed on digestive organs. The aim of bariatric surgery is to reduce food intake and/or to limit absorption of macronutrients.

Currently various bariatric procedures are available, but Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is the most commonly performed procedure, both worldwide and in Clinical Center of Serbia. In this procedure the stomach is transected and a very small proximal pouch is creat-ed. The pouch is anastomosed to a proximal jejunal segment, bypassing the remaining stomach, duodenum, and a small portion of jejunum. As a result, the RYGB limits food intake, reduces absorption of nutrients and induces important weight loss especially during the �rst year after procedure. But at the same time de�cits of vitamins, minerals and proteins may develop.

In Clinical Center of Serbia, 123 patients underwent surgery, from June 2011 to De-cember 2012. For 22 patients operated before 12-18 months, loss of body weight was 37.4±10.8 kg (14.1-60 kg). For 11 patients operated before more than 18 months, loss of body weight was 38.3±15.3 kg (20.8-62.7 kg).

Since de�cits of vitamins, minerals and proteins may develop after most of bariatric sur-gery procedures, the use of supplements is commonly recommended. The type and dose of prescribed supplements depends of type of procedure and individual needs of patient.

In Clinical Center of Serbia after gastric bypass, on second day we start to give liquid oral nutrition supplements for enteral nutrition (10 g of proteins in 100 ml) up to 200 ml


a day. During �rs 4 weeks postoperative, we also prescribe whey protein supplements, 20 g daily.

First 2 months postoperatively, it is recommended to use chewable or liquid supple-ments and after tow months, pills up to 11 mm can be used.

Most often we prescribe supplement of multivitamin with minerals containing 100 RDA for at least 2/3 of nutrients. Dally use of 1-2 pills lifelong is recommended. We also pre-scribe vitamin B12 in oral tablets if it’s possible, but because of high cost of oral therapy we often give intramuscular OHB12 in dose of 2.5 mg at every 3-6 months.

First year after surgery, we often prescribe supplements of calcium with vitamin D (500-1000 mg calcium citrate with vitamin D3 400-800 IU) and supplements of iron in the form of ferrous sulfate, fumarate or gluconate.

Keywords: supplements, bariatric surgery, obesity

9. UTICAJ KONZUMACIJE SOKA OD NARA NA FUNKCIJU TROMBOCITA I DRUGE FAKTORE RIZIKA ZA NASTANAK KARDIOVASKULARNIH OBOLJENJAAleksandra Konić Ristić1, Tatjana Srdić-Rajić2, Nevena Kardum1, Ivan Stanković3, Marija Glibetić1

1Centar izuzetnih vrednosti istraživanja u oblasti ishrane i metabolizma, Institut za medicinska istraživanja, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Srbija2Odeljenje ekspermentalne onkologije, Institut za onkologiju i radiologiju Srbije, Beograd, Srbija3Institut za bromatologiju, Farmaceutski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Srbija

Uvod: Sok od nara (Punica granatum) predstavlja odličan izvor više različitih biološki aktivnih ne-nutritivnih sastojaka, pre svega polifenola iz grupe elagitanina i antocijana, i ima izuzeno visoku antioksidativnu aktivnost. Brojne in vitro i studije na animalnim modelima pokazale su da sok od nara i prisutne bioaktivne komponente imaju izraženo antiaterogeno, antioksidativno, antihipertenzivno i antiin�amatorno delovanje. U ma-lom broju humanih studija sok od nara doveo je do smanjenja lipidne peroksidacije kod ispitanika sa dijabetesom, smanjenja debljine intime i medije krvnih sudova, smanjenja sistolnog krvnog pritiska i aktivnosti angiotenzin-konvertujućeg enzima kod pacijenata sa kardiovaskularnim bolestima. Uticaj konzumacije soka od aronije na funkciju trombo-cita kod ispitanika sa rizikom za nastanak kardiovaskularnih bolesti nije ranije ispitivan.

Osnovni cilj studije je ispitivanje uticaja konzumacije soka od nara na funkciju trombo-cita i tradicionalne faktore rizika za nastanak kardiovaskularnih bolesti kod ispitanika sa metaboličkim sindromom.

Metodologija: Studija je dizajnirana kao duplo-slepa, randomizirana, kontrolisana dijetarna interventna studija paralelnog dizajna, kod 40 ispitanika sa metaboličkim sindromom. Ispi-tanici u interventnoj grupi (n=20) u periodu od šest nedelja konzumirali su 300 ml komer-cijalnog soka od nara dnevno. Parametri aktivacije trombocita, ekspresija aktivacionih mar-kera (P-selektina i GPIIb-IIIa) i agregacija trombocita sa leukocitima, određivani su metodom protočne citometrije, u bazalnom statusu i nakon ex vivo delovanja agonista, pre početka

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intervencije i nakon šest nedelja. Istovremeno, praćen je i uticaj konzumacije na osnovne antropometrijske parametre, vrednosti krvnog pritiska, nivo glukoze i lipida u serumu.

Rezultati: Dugotrajna konzumacija soka od nara dovela je do statistički značajnog sma-njenja ekspresije oba aktivaciona markera trombocita u svim eksperimentalnim uslo-vima, kao i do smanjenja agregacije trombocita i monocita pri ex vivo delovanju ADP. Kod ispitanika sa metaboličkim sindromom konzumacija soka od nara nije dovela do značajne promene agregacije trombocita sa neutro�lima, nivoa glukoze, serumskih lipi-da, telesne mase i vrednosti sistolnog i dijastolnog krvnog pritiska. Do značajnog sma-njenja sistolnog pritiska došlo je u podgrupi ispitanika sa povišenim krvnim pritiskom.

Zaključak: Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da povoljno delovanje soka od nara na kardiova-skularno zdravlje uključuje i direktno delovanje na funkciju trombocita, pružajući nauč-nu zasnovanost promocije ove namirnice kao sastavnog dela optimalne dijete.

Ključne reči: nar, Punica granatum, trombociti, aktivacija, aregacija, metabolički sin-drom, kardiovaskularne bolesti

EFFECTS OF POMEGRANATE JUICE CONSUMPTION ON PLATELET FUNCTION AND TRADITIONAL RISK FACTORS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASESAleksandra Konić Ristić1, Tatjana Srdić-Rajić2, Nevena Kardum1, Ivan Stanković3, Marija Glibetić1

1Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Serbia2Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia 3Institut of Bro-matology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Serbia

Introduction: The pomegranate (Punica granatum) juice is an excellent source of bi-ologically active non-nutrients, especially ellagitannins and anthocyanins. In in vitro and animal studies pomegranate juice has been shown to exert antiatherogenic, anti-oxidant, antihypertensive, and anti-in�ammatory e�ects. In limited number of human studies pomegranate juice consumption induced decrease of lipid peroxidation in pa-tients with type 2 diabetes and the reduction of intima-media thickness, systolic blood pressure and serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity in patients with cardiovas-cular diseases (CVD). The potential e�ect of pomegranate juice to modulate disturbed platelet function in subjects at high CVD risk was not studied previously.

The main objective of the study is to investigate the e�ects of long-term pomegranate juice consumption on platelet function and traditional risk factors for CVD in patients with metabolic syndrome.

Methodology: The study was designed as a double-blind, randomized, controlled, par-allel design dietary intervention study, in 40 subjects with metabolic syndrome (ATPIII criteria). Subjects in the intervention group (n = 20) consumed 300 ml of commercial pomegranate juice daily, during the period of six weeks. The parameters of platelet activation, the expression of activation markers (P-selectin and GPIIb-IIIa) and platelet aggregation with leukocytes, were determined at the baseline and at the end of the intervention period by �ow cytometry, in the basal state and after ex vivo action of ago-


nist. At the same time, the e�ect of consumption on anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, levels of blood glucose and plasma lipids was investigated.

Results: Long-term consumption of pomegranate juice resulted in a signi�cant de-crease in the expression of both markers of platelet activation in all experimental condi-tions, as well as a decrease in platelet-monocyte aggregation after ex vivo action of ade-nosine-diphosphate as an agonist of platelet function. Platelet-neutrophil aggregation was not in�uenced. Pomegranate juice consumption did not induce signi�cant changes in blood glucose, serum lipids and body weight in subjects with metabolic syndrome. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were signi�cantly reduced in a subgroup of sub-jects with high-normal blood pressure or hypertension.

Conclusion: Obtained results indicate that the bene�cial e�ects of pomegranate juice on cardiovascular health include also the direct e�ects of bioactive compounds on dis-turbed platelet function. These �ndings provide additional scienti�c evidence that ra-tionalize pomegranate juice consumption as part of an optimal, heart-healthy diet.

Keywords: pomegranate juice, Punica granatum, platelets, activation, aggregation, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases

10. POLIFENOLI KAO ANTITROMBOCITNI AGENSI U PREVENCJI KARDIOVA-SKULARNIH BOLESTI – IN VITRO I EX VIVO ISPITIVANJAAleksandra Konić Ristić1, Tatjana Srdić-Rajić2, Nevena Kardum1, Ivan Stanković3, Marija Glibetić1

1Centar izuzetnih vrednosti istraživanja u oblasti ishrane i metabolizma, Institut za medicinska istraživanja, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Srbija;2Odeljenje ekspermentalne onkologije, Institut za onkologiju i radiologiju Srbije, Beograd, Srbija;3Institut za bromatologiju, Farmaceutski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Srbija

Uvod: Kardiovaskularne bolesti (KVB) predstavljaju najznačajniji uzrok umiranja i obo-levanja u svetu. Rezultati brojnih epidemioloških studija ukazuju na povezanost dijetar-nog unosa namirnica bogatih polifenolima i smanjenja rizika za nastanak KVB. Dijetarne interventne studije pokazale su da povoljno delovanje polifenola na kardiovaskularno zdravlje delom zasniva i na povoljnim efektima na funkciju trombocita, kao biomarkera KVB. Skining antitrombocitnog delovanja ekstrakata biljaka bogatih polifenolima, uzi-majući u obzir intenzivni metabolizam ovih bioaktivnih jedinjenja, predstavlja osnovu za dalje ispitivanje značaja dijete bogate polifenolima za kardiovaskularno zdravlje, usmereno na uticaj na funkciju trombocita. Osnovni cilj studije je ispitivanje antitrom-bocitnog delovanja ekstrakata biljaka koje predstavljaju dobar dijetarni izvor polifenola: koprive, mirođije, šarplaninskog čaja, kelja, nara, japanske jabuke i aronije, u in vitro i ex vivo eksperimentalnim uslovima.

Metodologija: Antitrombocitno delovanje metanolnih ekstrakata ispitivanih biljaka određivano je metodom protočne citometrije, kod zdravih i ispitanika sa metaboličkim sindromom. Parametri aktivacije trombocita, ekspresija aktivacionih markera (P-selektina i GPIIb-IIIa) i agregacija trombocita sa leukocitima, određivani su nakon ex vivo delovanja

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arahidonske kiseline. Delovanje ekstrakata poređeno je sa antitrombocitnim delovanjem metabolita prisutih polifenola. Antitrombocitno delovanje biljaka koje su pokazale naj-izraženiji efekat u in vitro uslovima ispitivano je i nakon jednokratne konzumacije odgo-varajućih namirnica biljnog porekla, u bazalnim uslovima i nakon ex vivo delovanja arahi-donske kiseline i adenozin-difosfata kao agonista funkcije trombocita.

Rezultati: U okviru in vitro ispitivanja najizraženije delovanje na funkciju trombocita pokazali su ekstrakti koprive, mirođije i šarplaninskog čaja. Izotiocijanati prisutni u kelju doprinose antitrombocitnom delovanju ove namirnice. Nakon jednokratne konzuma-cije čajeva od ispitivanih biljaka, kao dijetarnih izvora �avonoida, najizraženije delo-vanje pokazao je čaj od mirođije. Povoljno delovanje na funkciju trombocita u okviru jednokratne dijetarne intervencije pokazali su i sokovi od aronije i nara, kao dijetarni izvori antocijana i elagitanina.

Zaključak: Antitrombocitno delovanja pojedinih namirnica ukazuje na njihovu značaj-nu ulogu kao sastavnog dela optimalne dijete u očuvanju kardiovaskularnog zdravlja i prevenciji nepovoljnog uticaja faktora sredine na trombocite, uključujući i uticaj neod-govarajuće dijete i nepravilnog režima ishrane.

Ključne reči: trombociti, kardiovaskularne bolesti, kopriva, mirođija, kelj, japanska jabu-ka, nar, šarplaninski čaj, aronija

POLYPHENOLS AS ANTIPLATELET AGENTS IN THE PREVENTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES – IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDIESAleksandra Konić Ristić1, Tatjana Srdić-Rajić2, Nevena Kardum1, Ivan Stanković3, Marija Glibetić1

1Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Serbia2Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia3Institute of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Serbia

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the major cause of mortality and mor-bidity in the world. The results of numerous epidemiological studies have shown an association between dietary intake of polyphenol-rich foods and reduced CVD risk. Di-etary intervention studies have shown that the bene�cial e�ects of polyphenols on car-diovascular health are partially mediated by their e�ects on platelet function. Screening of antiplatelet e�ects of polyphenol-rich plant extracts, taking into account the exten-sive metabolism of polyphenols, is fundamental for further comprehensive research of the bene�cial e�ects of polyphenol-rich diet on cardiovascular health. The objective of the study is to investigate the antiplatelet e�ects of polypenol-rich plants, nettle, dill, mursal tea, kale, pomegranate, persimmon and chokeberry, in in vitro and ex vivo exper-imental settings.

Methodology: Antiplatelet e�ects of methanol extracts of investigated plants were analysed by the whole blood �ow cytometry, in healthy subjects and in subjects with metabolic syndrome. The parameters of platelet activation, the expression of activation markers (P-selectin and GPIIb-IIIa) and platelet aggregation with leukocytes, were de-


termined in vitro in response to arachidonic acid. The e�ects of extracts were compared to the antiplatelet activity of polyphenol metabolites. Antiplatelet action of plants that showed the most pronounced e�ect in vitro was further investigated ex vivo, after single consumption of corresponding plant food (herbal infusion or juice) in basal conditions and after ex vivo actions of arachidonic acid and adenosin-diphosphate as agonists of platelet function.

Results: Extracts of nettle, dill and mursal tea have shown the most pronounced e�ects on platelet function in in vitro studies. Isothiocyanates present in kale are found to con-tribute to the antiplatelet action of kale extract. After a single consumption of nettle, dill and mursal tea water infusions, as dietary sources of �avonoids, dill have shown the most pronounced e�ect on various markers of platelet function. Bene�cial e�ects on platelet function in acute dietary interventions have also been shown for chokeberry and pomegranate juice, as one of the most important dietary sources of anthocyanins and ellagitannins.

Conclusion: Antiplatelet activity of polyphenol-rich dietary plants indicates their im-portant role as an integral part of optimal diet. Polyphenol-rich diet is a promising strat-egy for cardiovascular health promotion and the prevention of adverse e�ects of envi-ronmental factors on platelets, including the e�ects of unhealthy diet.

Keywords: platelets, cardiovascular disease, nettle, dill, kale, persimmon, pomegranate, mursal tea, chokeberry

11. UTICAJ KONZUMIRANJA MALINE NA FAKTORE KOAGULACIJE KOD ZDRA-VIH DOBROVOLJACAIvana Filipović Lješković1, Vesna Kuntić2

1Hematološka laboratorija, Institut za onkologiju i radiologiju Srbije, Beograd, Srbija2Univerzitet u Beogradu, Farmaceutski fakultet, Beograd, Srbija

Uvod: Zbog svog sastava (�avonoidi, tanini, elaginska kiselina, salicilati, vitamn C), mali-na (Rubus idaeus) prvenstveno pokazuje antioksidativna svojstva, a naročito se preporu-čuje kod kardiovaskularnih bolesti jer, slično aspirinu, smanjuje agregaciju trombocita. Ne postoje podaci o delovanju maline na koagulaciju krvi kod ljudi, što je bio cilj našeg ispitivanja.

Metodologija: U našem istraživanju ispitano je 13 zdravih dobrovoljaca oba pola, od 25-50 godina. Dobrovoljcima je uzeta krv ujutru i izmereni su parametri dati u Tabeli. Svako je konzumirao porciju svežih malina (oko 200 g) i svi testovi su ponovo urađeni posle 5 sati.

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REZULTATI - Rezultati pre i posle konzumacije maline dati su u Tabeli:

Parametar Pre konzumacije Posle konzumacije

Screening testovi

Standardna plazma

aPTT (s) 27.6 27.48±3.82 27.56±4.45PT (s) 10.9 10.78±0.78 11.15±0.84TT (s) 15.8 17.44±1.27 17.6±1.36Fibrinogen (g/L) 2.98 2.89±0.48 2.93±0.49

Specifični testovi

Von Willebrand faktor Antigen (%)

117.3 119.2±28.47 97.04±23.75

Faktori koagulacije (%):

IIa 113.5 99.88±10.18 112.3±24.72Va 147.2 111.5±14.01 111.4±12.34

VIIa 109.1 102.9±22.67 114.0±33.08Xa 117.7 111.0±12.42 115.5±12.82

Kontrola

D-dimer (ng/mL) 134.6 134.8±55.13 143.9±51.01Vreme krvarenja (s) - 127.4.±48.6 128.5±43.2Fibrinogen (h) >2 >2 >2

Statistička obrada je pokazala da se značajno menjaju tri parametra: PT, nivo faktora X i nivo von Willebrand-ovog faktora. Imajući u vidu cirkadijalni ritam, uočene promene PT i faktora X ne mogu se jednoznačno pripisati uticaju maline. Efekat koji se može po-vezati sa konzumiranjem maline je pad nivoa von Willebrand-ovog faktora (ovaj faktor nije podložan cirkadijalnom dnevnom ritmu), koji prvenstveno učestvuje u agregaciji i adheziji trombocita, ali, pošto je vezan sa faktorom VIII, ima udela i u koagulaciji krvne plazme. Smanjenje je evidentno, ali ne utiče na vreme krvarenja, koje je kod svih ispita-nika nepromenjeno.

Zaključak: Nedvosmisleno je pokazano da se antikoagulantno delovanje svežeg ploda maline može pripisati njenom delovanju na von Willebrand-ov faktor.

Ključne reči: plod maline, antikoagulantno delovanje, von Willebrandov faktor


EFFECTS OF RASPBERRY CONSUMPTION ON PLASMA COAGULATION IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERSIvana Filipović Lješković1, Vesna Kuntić2

1Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Haematological laboratory, Belgrade, Serbia2University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia

Introduction: Raspberry (Rubus idaeus) is the source of phytochemicals (�avonoids, taninns, ellagic acid, salycil), vitamin C, which play an important role in preventing and managing cardiovascular disease. The e�ects of raspberry fruit intake on coagulation pathway in humans are not described yet, what was the aim of this article.

Methodology: The present study included 13 volunteers of both genders (25 - 50 years old). Blood samples of donors were subjected to basic haematology screening tests be-fore and �ve hours after consummation of raspberry portion (200 g).

Results: The results before and after raspberry consumption is given in the Table:

Variable Before After consumption

Screening tests

Standard plasma

aPTT (s) 27.6 27.48±3.82 27.56±4.45

PT (s) 10.9 10.78±0.78 11.15±0.84

TT (s) 15.8 17.44±1.27 17.6±1.36

Fibrinogen (g/L) 2.98 2.89±0.48 2.93±0.49

Speci�c tests

Von Willebrand factor An-tigen (%)

117.3 119.2±28.47 97.04±23.75

Coagulation factors (%):

IIa 113.5 99.88±10.18 112.3±24.72

Va 147.2 111.5±14.01 111.4±12.34

VIIa 109.1 102.9±22.67 114.0±33.08

Xa 117.7 111.0±12.42 115.5±12.82

Control

D-dimer (ng/mL) 134.6 134.8±55.13 143.9±51.01

Bleeding time (s) - 127.4.±48.6 128.5±43.2

Fibrinolysis (h) >2 >2 >2

Our results show that consumption of a single dose of raspberry fruit a�ects only PT, Factor X and von Willebrand Factor. Since the frequencies of vascular events in humans

28


exhibit marked diurnal variations, we cannot distinguish e�ects of raspberry on PT and Factor X from normal circadian rhythm. But level of von Willebrand Factor is not caused by circadian variation, thus, the decrease of this factor is evident. Moreover, the decrease of von Willebrand Factor does not prolong bleeding time over physiological level.

Conclusion: The anticoagulant properties of raspberry on human is unambiguously proved and attributed to a decreased level of von Willebrand Factor.

Keywords: raspberry fruit, anticoagulant e�ect, von Willebrand Factor

IVANČIĆ MINI SIMPOZIJUM – SAVREMENI ASPEKTI PRIMENE PROBIOTIKA

IVANCIC MINI-SYMPOSIUM – CONTEMPORARY ASPECTS OF

PROBIOTICS


12. SAVREMENI ASPEKTI PRIMENE PROBIOTIKANenad MilivojevićIvančić i sinovi, Beograd

Probiotici, po de�niciji Svetske zdravstvene organizacije (2001.) su živi mikroorganizmi koji, kada se daju u dovoljnim količinama mogu da imaju pozitivan efekat na zdravlje domaćina.

Ilja Mečnikov (1845-1916) nagradjen je 1908. Nobelovom nagradom za medicinu, za ot-kriće fagocitoze, a prvi je tih godina pomenuo mogucnost lečenja nadoknadom crevne �ore. Henri Tissier 1906. pominje “kod dece sa prolivom je smanjen broj bi�dnih bak-terija“. Lilly DM, Stillwell RH 1965. prvi koriste termin probiotik, Parker RB 1979.piše o balansu mikroorganizama u crevu, Fuller R 1994 o poboljšanju mikro�ore, a Salminen S 1998 opisuje “hranu sa korisnim mikoorganizmima”.

Metaboličke funkcije crevne �ore su fermentacija nesvarljivih supstanci (jednostavni ugljeni hidrati, apsorptivninutriensi, masne kiseline kratkih lanaca), i podsticanje ap-sorpcije (minerala, Vitamina K, B12, folne kiseline), regulacija metabolzma žučnih soli, kao i učešće u regulaciji deponovanja masti.

U �ziološkom stanju postoji homeostaza: crevna barijera je očuvana, odgovarajuća je imuna stimulacija, metabolička funkcija je takodje odgovarajuća, kao i obnavljanje i sa-zrevanje epitela.

U disbiozi je povećana intestinalna permeabilnost, oštećena je imuna tolerancija, po-stoji metaboličkadisfunkcija, a podstiče se i karcinogeneza.

Glavni mikroorganizmi korisni u lečenju GIT bolesti su: Lactobacillus (Acidophilus, Del-brueckiissbulgaricus, Casei, Farciminis, Rhamnosus GG, Johnsonii, paracasei, Plantarum, Reuteri, Salivarius), Bi�dobacterium(Animalis ss.animalis,lactis, Bi�dum, Breve, Bulgaris, Infantis, Longum), Bacillus coagulans, Sacharomycesboulardii, E.coliNissle 1917, Strept.saliv.ssthermopilus, Enterococcus, Faecium et faecali.

Moguća terapijska upotreba probiotika: sigurni efekti (akutni virusni gastroenteritis, an-tibiotski proliv, iritabilni kolon, paučitis, putnička dijareja), mogući efekti (hronična op-stipacija, cistična�broza, Helicobacterpylori, ulcerozni kolitis), a u pojedinačnim izvešta-jima - akutni pankreatitis, kolageni kolitis, kolorektalnikarcinom, Kronova bolest, dijareja u totalnoj parenteralnojnutriciji, intolerancija na laktozu, NESH.

Literatura:

1. Probiotics: 100 years (1907-2007) afterElieMetchniko�’sObservation Kingsley C. Anukam, CommunicatingCurrentResearchandEducationalTopicsandTrends in AppliedMicrobiology, A. Méndez-Vilas (Ed.)

2. Developmentofthe Human GastrointestinalMicrobiotaandInsightsfrom High-Thro-ughputSequencing, Dominguez-Bello M., Martin J.Blaser at alGastroenterol 2011; 140:1713-19

3. Variabilnost sastava crevne �ore, Festi D Dig Dis 2011; 29:518-244. Uloga probiotske terapije u IBD-u, Kim Isaacs et al. In�ammBowel Dis 2008; 14:1597-16055. Meta-analysis of probiotics for the prevention of Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea

and the treatment of C. di�cile Disease, Lynne V McFarland, 2006

32


THE CONTEMPORARY ASPECTS OF PROBIOTIC APLICATIONNenad MilivojevićIvančić i sinovi, Belgrade

Probiotics, as de�ned by the World health organisation (2001.) are living microorga-nizms that, when consumed in su�cient amounts, can have a positive e�ect on the wellbeing of the host.

Iliya Mechnikov (1845-1916), winner of the 1908. Nobel prize for his achievement in dis-covering fagocitosis, then �rst mentioned the possibility of treatment by supplement-ing the intestinal �ora. In 1906 Henry Tissier �rst mentions that ‘’children with diarrhea have a reduced bi�dusbacteria count’’ Lilly DM, Stillwell RH 1965. are the �rst ones to use the term probiotic, and in 1979. Parker RB spoke of gut microorganism balance, Fuller R wrote of micro�ora improvements in 1994 and Salminen S describes ‘’food with useful microorganisms’’ in 1998.

Metabolic functions of gut micro�ora include the fermentation of un-digestible sub-stances (simple carbohydrates , absorbable nutrients, short chain fatty acids) and the instigation of absorption (of minerals, vitamin K, B12, folic acid), regulation if the bile salt metabolisms, as well as partaking in the regulation of fat disposal.

Within the physiological condition there is homeostasis: the intestinal barrier is sus-tained, stimulation is su�ciently immune, the metabolic functions is also appropriate, as is the renewal and maturing of the epithelium.

During dysbiosis there is an increase in intestinal permeability, immune tolerance is compromised, metabolic dysfunction occurs and there is an increase in carcinogenesis.

The microorganisms principally used in treating GI tract diseases are: Lactobacilus(Aci-dophilus, Delbrueckiissbulgaricus, Casei, Farciminis, Rhamnosus GG, Johnsonii, paracasei, Plantarum, Reuteri,Salivarius), Bi�dobacterium (Animalis ss.animalis,lactis, Bi�dum, Breve, Bulgaris, Infantis, Longum), Bacillus coagulans, Sacharomycesboulardii, E.coliNissle 1917, Strept.saliv.ssthermopilus, Enterococcus, Faecium et faecali.

The possible therapeutic uses of probiotics are for: e�ects that are a certainty (acute viral gastroenteritis, antibiotic diaherrhea, irritable colon, j pouch in�ammation, trav-elers diarrhea) possible e�ects (chronic obstipation, cistic �brosis, Helicobacter pylori, ulcerous colitis) and in certain reports – acute pancreatitis, collagenous colitis, colorec-tal cancer, Crohn’s disease, total parenteral nutrition diarrhea, lactose intolerance, NESH.

Literature:1. Probiotics: 100 years (1907-2007) after Elie Metchniko�’s Observation Kingsley C.

Anukam, Communicating Current Research and Educational Topics and Trends in Applied Microbiology, A. Méndez-Vilas (Ed.)

2. Development of the Human Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Insights from High-Throughput Sequencing, Dominguez-Bello M., Martin J.Blaser at al Gastroen-terol 2011; 140:1713-19

3. Variabilnost sastava crevne �ore, Festi D Dig Dis 2011; 29:518-24


4. Uloga probiotske terapije u IBD-u, Kim Isaacs et al. In�amm Bowel Dis 2008; 14:1597-1605

5. Meta-analysis of probiotics for the prevention of Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea and the treatment of C.di�cile Disease, Lynne V Mc Farland, 2006

13. BEZBEDNOST, EFIKASNOST I KVALITET DODATAKA ISHRANI KOJI SADRŽE MLEČNO-KISELINSKE BAKTERIJEBojan PavlovićIvančić i sinovi, Beograd

Smatra se da su mlečno-kiselinske bakterije i bi�dobakterije koje se koriste u industriji hrane i dodataka ishrani, bezbedne za ljudsku upotrebu (Adams et al. 1995.).Međuna-rodna federacija za mlečne proizvode (IDF), i Evropska asocijacija za kulture koje se do-daju hrani za životinje i ljudsku ishranu (EFFCA), sastavile su listu mikroorganizama koji se dokumentovano bezbedno koriste u proizvodnji hrane. Svi komercijalno dostupni bakterijski sojevi se moraju nalaziti na toj listi.

Nažalost, ovo nije dovoljno. Osim ovoga, potrebno je uložiti dodatni napor kako bi se pro-cenio bezbednosni pro�l ovih sojeva i bazični mehanizmi dejstva probiotika na digestivni sistem i crevnu mukozu. Ova složena ispitivanja obuhvataju nekoliko koraka, koji uklju-čuju identi�kaciju sojeva, ispitivanje da li sojevi nose gene za antibiotsku rezistenciju (EFSA Journal 2005), testiranje postojanja mobilnih genetskih elemenata, in vivo toksi-kološka ispitivanja i klinička ispitivanja bezbednosti upotrebe sprovedena na ljudima.

Pored ovoga, za dobijanje stabilnog i bezbednog proizvoda potrebno je usavršiti pouz-dane i reproduktivne tehnike lio�lizacije i krioprezervacije.

1. Adams, M.R., Marteau, P., 1995. On thesafetyo�acticacidbacteria from food.Int. J. Food. Microbiol. Oct. 27 (2-3): 263-4.

2. http://www.e�ca.com/anglais/pages/statique/11_list_of_microorg.htm3. The EFSA Journal (2005) 223, 1-12. Opinionofthescienti�c panel on additivesand-

productsorsubstancesused in animalfeed on theupdatingofthecriteriaused in the-assessmentofbacteriaforresistance to antibioticsof human orveterinaryimportan-ce. AdoptedMay 25, 2005.

4. Call, D.R., Bakko, M.K., Krug, M.J., andRoberts, M.C., 2003. Identifyingantimicrobia-lresistancegeneswith DNA microarrays. Ant. Ag. Chemother. 47: 3290-3295.

SAFETY OF USE, EFFICACY AND QUALITY OF FOOD SUPPLEMENTS CONTAINING LACTIC ACID BACTERIABojan PavlovićIvančić i sinovi, Belgrade

Lactic acid bacteria and bi�dobacteria that are used in human food industry have been considered to be safe (Adams et al. 1995.). The International Dairy Federation (IDF), and

34


European Food and Feed Cultures Association (EFFCA), created a list of microorganisms that are documented safe for use in food. All commercially available strains must be listed on this inventory.

Unfortunately, this is not enough. Besides that, as a further step, it is necessary to evaluate the safety and fundamental mechanism of action of probiotic strains and their e�ect on gut mucosa. This evaluation includes various steps, including identi�cation of the strain, antibiotic resistance gene(EFSA Journal 2005) caring screening, testing for the presence of mobile elements, in vivo toxicological studies and human safety clinical trials.

Besides that, lyophilisationand cryopreservation techniques plays a major role in ob-taining of stabile and safe product, and a lot of e�ort must be implemented into devel-oping of reliable and reproductive processes.

1. Adams, M.R., Marteau, P., 1995. On the safety of lactic acid bacteria from food. Int. J. Food. Microbiol. Oct. 27 (2-3): 263-4.

2. http://www.e�ca.com/anglais/pages/statique/11_list_of_microorg.htm3. The EFSA Journal (2005) 223, 1-12. Opinion of the scienti�c panel on additives and

products or substances used in animal feed on the updating of the criteria used in the assessment of bacteria for resistance to antibiotics of human or veterinary importance. Adopted May 25, 2005.

4. Call, D.R., Bakko, M.K., Krug, M.J., and Roberts, M.C., 2003. Identifying antimicrobial resistance genes with DNA microarrays. Ant. Ag. Chemother. 47: 3290- 3295.

14. EFIKASNOST SUPLEMENTACIJE SINBIOTICIMA U PREVENCIJI UOBIČA-JENIH DEČIJIH INFEKCIJA TOKOM ZIMSKOG PERIODA: RANDOMIZOVANA, DVOSTRUKO SLEPA, PLACEBO KONTROLISANA PILOT STUDIJA Mario Cazzola, Nhan Pham-Thi, Jean-Charles Kerihuel, Henri Durand and Serge BohbotIvančić i sinovi, Beograd

Cilj: Svrha ovog rada bila je da se ispita e�kasnost suplementacije sinbiotikom (Probio-kid Immuno®, Ivančić i sinovi, Srbija) u smanjenju uobičajenih respiratornih i digestivnih oboljenja dece tokom zimskog perioda.

Metode: Randomizovana, dvostruko slepa, placebo kontrolisana, multicentrična studija je sprovedena na deci predškolskog i školskog uzrasta (3–7 godina starosti) tokom zim-skih meseci. Učesnici u studiji bila su zdrava deca koja su u toku prethodne zime imala barem tri epizode oboljevanja od neke infekcije uha, grla, nosa (ORL) ili neke respiratorne ili gastrointestinalne infekcije. Deca su dnevno dobijala po dozu sinbiotskog preparata* (Lactobacilus helveticus Rosell-52, Bi�dobacterium infantis Rosell-33, Bi�dobacterium bi�dus Rosell-71 i fruktooligosaharida) ili placebo u periodu od 3 meseca. Tokom ovog perioda sve vidljive zdravstvene epizode praćene su od strane roditelja i evidentirane. Provera po-dataka je vršena mesečno od strane istraživača u studiji. Najvažniji ishod studije bilo je procentualno praćenje broja dece lišene bilo koje epizode u toku studijskog praćenja.


Rezultati: U praćenju je učestvovalo 135 dece prosečne starosti: 4.1±1 godina. Pode-ljeni su u dve grupe: sinbiotik grupu (n=62) i placebo grupu (n=73). Najmanje jedna epizoda bolesti bila je prijavljena kod 32 dece u sinbiotik grupi i kod 50 dece u place-bo grupi (51.6% : 68.5%). To odgovara značajnom (25%) relativnom smanjenju rizika za oboljevanje u sinbiotik grupi (95% CI 0.6-44.3%; p=0.045). Ova razlika se javlja zbog smanjenja broja dece koja su bolovala od najmanjejednog ORL, respiratornog ili gastro-enterološkog poremećaja (50% sa sinbiotikom: 67.1% sa placebom; p=0.044). Najmanje jedan propušten dan u školi zabeležen je kod 25.8% dece koja su uzimala sinbiotik u poređenju sa 42.5% dece koja su uzimala placebo (p=0.043). Neželjena dejstva vezana za uzimanje preparata nisu detektovana ni u jednoj grupi.

Zaključak: Studija je dokazala da tromesečna suplementacija sa sinbiotskim prepara-tom* može smanjiti rizik pojave uobičajenih infektivnih bolesti dece i smanjiti broj izgu-bljenih dana u školi.

EFFICACYOF A SYNBIOTICSUPPLEMENTATION IN THEPREVENTIONOFCOMMONWINTERDISEASES IN CHILDREN: A RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED PILOT STUDYCazzola M, Pham-Thi N, Kerihuel JC, Durand H, Bohbot S.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Thepurposeofthisstudywas to investigatethee�cacyof a synbiotic (Probiokid Immuno®, Ivančić i sinovi, Srbija) supplementation in reducing-commonwinterdiseases in children.

METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentrestudywasconduct-ed in youngschool-age children (3-7 yearsold) during a winter period. Participantswereoth-erwisehealthychildrenwhosu�ered from at leastthreeepisodesofear, nose andthroat (ENT), respiratorytractorgastrointestinalillnessduringthepreviouswinter. Theyweresupplemented-dailywitheither a synbioticpreparation (Lactobacillushelveticus R0052, Bi�dobacteriuminfan-tis R0033, Bi�dobacteriumbi�dum R0071, andfructooligosaccharide) or a matchedplacebofor 3 months. Overthis period, allemergenthealthepisodesofanytypewererecordedbyparents in a diary. Theywerecheckedbyinvestigators at regularmonthlyvisits. Themainstudyoutcomewas-thepercentageofchildrenfreeofanyepisodeduringthestudycourse.

RESULTS: Werandomized 135 children (mean age: 4.1±1.0 years) to thesynbioticgroup (n = 62) orplacebo (n = 73) group. At least one illnessepisodewasreported in 32 children in the-synbioticgroupand 50 in theplacebogroup (51.6% versus 68.5%). Thiscorresponded to a signi�cant 25% relativeriskreduction (95% CI 0.6-44.3%; p = 0.045). Thisdi�erencewas due to a decrease in thenumberofchildrenwhosu�ered from at least one ENT, respiratorytractor-gastrointestinaldisorder (50.0% withsynbioticversus 67.1% withplacebo; p = 0.044). At least one sicknessschooldaylosswasnoted in 25.8% ofchildrenwiththesynbiotic as comparedwith 42.5% withplacebo (p = 0.043). No treatmentrelated side e�ectsweredetected in eithergroup.

CONCLUSIONS: Thisstudysuggeststhat a 3-month supplementation with this synbiotic preparation can decrease the risk of occurrence of common infectious diseases in chil-dren and limits the risk of school day loss.

MINI SIMPOZIJUM – STATISTIKA DIJETETSKIH SUPLEMENATA

MINI SYMPOSIUM – STATISTICS DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS


15. TREND PRODAJE DIJETETSKIH SUPLEMENATAAleksandra Miletić, Geza KuraiPANSPRT, Veternik, Srbija

UVOD: Ekspanzija ˝zdravog˝ načina života i svest ljudi da je rekreativno bavljenje spor-tom i uopšte �zičkom aktivnošću neophodno za očuvanje zdravlja i lepog izgleda, u svetu je dovela do naglog razvoja posebne grupe proizvoda koji se nazivaju dijetetski dodaci ishrani ili suplementi. Srbija prati te trendove, pa se poslednjih godina oseća povećana potražnja za proizvodima iz ove kategorije. Mora se naglasiti da suplemente koriste svi, od profesionalnih sportista, preko rekreativnih sportista, do dece, penzione-ra i običnih građana. Zanimljiva činjenica je da suplementi pronalaze put i do pripadnica lepšeg pola, koje danas veoma vode računa o svom izgledu, čak neki proizvođači kreira-ju posebne linije proizvoda namenjene lepšem polu.

Na tržištu Srbije se pozicionirala i �rma Pansport, koja sa velikim uspehom postoji na tržištu već 12 godina. Firma ima 23 radnje u Srbiji, a sad se probija i na tržište Bosne i Hercegovine i Crne Gore, broji više od 70 stalno zaposlenih i oko 20 spoljnih saradnika. Pansport se bavi uvozom i prodajom suplemenata, a uz to i jednim vidom društveno odgovorne delatnosti, jer veliku pažnju posvećuje edukaciji klijenata, kroz svoja izdanja (biltene, �ajere,..), organizuje seminare i predavanja na kojima se daju odgovori na pi-tanja korisnika, a takođe i stipendira sportiste. Širok asortiman Pansporta obuhvata 10 brendova koje direktno uvozi i 10 brendova koji upotpunjuju ponudu, da bi se zadovo-ljile potrebe i prohtevi svakog kupca.

Godišnji promet Pansporta je 330 miliona dinara, sa ukupnim kapitalom od oko 100 miliona dinara. Preko 90% asortimana čine proizvodi iz uvoza, što samo pokazuje da u Srbiji postoje zainteresovani kupci, ali nažalost naše tržište nema šta mnogo da im po-nudi, jer nemamo konkurentnu proizvodnju.

Pansport radi i registraciju dijetetskih dodataka ishrani, tako da su kupci sugurni u kvali-tet i pouzdanost kupljene robe. Takođe posluje po standardima “dobre higenske prakse” tako da se redovno vrše neophodne analize zdravstvene ispravnosti splemenata, a sve u cilju da bi se stečeno poverenje kupaca opravdalo.

MATERIJAL: Da bi se dobio uvid u kretanje prodaje suplemenata, korišćena je interna baza podataka, koju vodi Pansport. Tokom godine se mogu videti mali skokovi, odno-sno padovi prodaje i potražnje suplemenata, što prvenstveno zavisi od godišnjeg doba (npr. leti se kupuje manje suplemenata) i od rasporeda takmičenja i ostalih rekreativnih i sportskih aktivnosti. Ono što je zanimljiv podatak jeste da se svake godine povećava broj korisnika suplemenata, jer mlađe generacije započinju bavljenje sportom, a starije nastavljaju, tako da prodaja suplemenata predstavlja jedno stabilno tržište sa potenci-jalnim rastom iz godine u godinu, ne samo u Evropi nego i u Srbiji. Široku paletu proi-zvoda koje Pansport ima u ponudi možemo da svrstamo u sledeće grupe i prestavljamo Vam ih u padajućem nizu, u zavisnosti od popularnosti:

1.Proteini2.NO Reaktori3.Sagorevači masti

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4.Ugljeni hidrati5.Aminokiseline6.Kreatin/Energija7.Vitaminski/Mineralni suplementi8.Izotonični napici9.Gejneri (preparati sa nižim sadržajem proteina od 50%)10.Ostali dodaci ishrani

Nažalost, ova lista nije realni pokazatelj popularnosti pojedinih kategorija suplemenata, jer ne sadrži proizvode koji se u Srbiji ne mogu registrovati kao dodaci ishrani. To su uglavnom vitaminsko-mineralni proizvodi za bodibildere, disciplinaše i za ostale sprto-ve koji se baziraju na dizanju tegova. Sportisti ove proizvode ne mogu nabaviti u legal-noj prodaji, pa se snalaze na razne načine, najčešće kupovinom putem interneta, po-znanstvima i drugim kanalima. Povoljnu situaciju za nelegalnu trgovinu suplementima olakšava i povrat PDV-a na granici sa zemljama EU i povećani troskovi uvoznika/proizvo-đača sportskih dijetetskih suplemenata oko uvoza i puštanja robe u promet. Moramo da istaknemo da prodaja robe putem interneta preko 3 najveća “švercera” sa severnog dela Vojovodine blago premašuje promet samog Pansporta preko interenet prodaje.

DISKUSIJA: Od svih kategorija proizvoda, najpopularnija je sigurno kategorija prote-inskih proizvoda. Najveći broj kupaca bira protein surutke (WHEY PROTEIN) kao svoj suplement. Nakon toga ide kreatin, koji je kao pojadinačan proizvod najpopularniji. Kreatin je najstariji i jedan od prvih korišćenih suplemenata. Ono što je zanimljivo jeste da se u poslednje vreme dosta truda uložilo za razvoj kreatina koji je manje štetan za bubrege, tako da danas na tržištu imamo brojne hemijski čistije, puferovane kreatine ili kreatine u nekom kompleksu. Sagorevači masti su kategorija koja privlači sve veću pažnju u doba kada je brza hrana preuzela vođstvo nad domaćom hranom i kada je kalorijski unos mnogo veći od stvarnih potreba čoveka. Na gra�ku se može videti udeo ostalih kategorija u prodaji.


Prodaja Pansporta je u toku godine raspoređena na sledeći način:

PROLEĆE: 35%JESEN: 30%ZIMA: 20%LETO: 15%

Godišnja prodaja po poreklu robe (SAD ili EU):

GODINA Uvoz iz SAD Uvoz iz EU

2010 45% 55%

2011 40% 60%

2012 30% 70%

Ono što poslednje dve godine remeti poslovanje ne samo Pansporta, već i drugih uvo-znika suplemenata je crno tržište koje odvlači dobar deo kupaca i beleži procvat.

ZAKLJUČAK:

- Tržište suplemenata je veoma perspektivno, uz dobar poslovni plan i podršku može biti vrlo unosan posao.

- Treba istaći da u Srbiji ne postoji nijedan konkurentan domaći brend suplementa-cije za sportiste, a delatnost je u ekspanziji

- Crno tržište je veliki problem koji raste iz dana u dan- Edukacija kupaca je najbolji način da se roba predstavi većem broju potrošača i

privuku novi klijenti

THE SALES TRENDS IN DIETARY SUPPLEMENT INDUSTRYAleksandra Miletić, Geza KuraiPansport, Veternik, Serbia

Introduction: Expansion of the healthy lifestyle and people’s awareness of the recre-ational sports and physical activity necessary for preservation of health and good looks in general, the world has led to the rapid development of a speci�c group of products called dietary supplements or nutritional supplements.

People in Serbia also follow these trends, so in recent years it can be felt the increased demand for products of this category. It must be emphasized that the supplements are used by everyone, from professional athletes to recreational athletes, children, pension-ers and ordinary citizens. An interesting fact is that the supplements found there way to the fairer sex, who take much care about their appearance today, so some manufactur-ers even created a special line of products designed just for women.

On the territory of Serbia the company Pansport has positioned it self with great success in the market, for 12 years now. This company has 23 stores in Serbia and now making its way to the market of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro, with more than 70

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full-time employees and around 20 associates. Pansport deals with the import and sale of supplements, but also deals with the form of socially responsible activity, because the great attention is dedicated to education of their clients through its publications (newsletters, �yers, etc), organizing seminars and lectures that provide answers to users’ questions, and also provides the scholarships for athletes.

Pansport has a wide range of products which includes 10 brands that the company di-rectly imports and 10 brands that complement the o�er to meet the needs and de-mands of each customer.

Annual turnover of Pansport is 330 million dinars, with a total capital around 100 million dinars.

Over 90% of the line consists of imported products, which just goes to show that in Serbia there are interested buyers, but unfortunately our market does not have much to o�er, because we do not have competitive production.

Pansport also registers its dietary supplements, so that customers can be sure in the quality and reliability of purchased product. It also operates according to the standards of “good hygienic practice” to regularly perform the necessary health and safety analysis of the supplements, in order to justify the trust of its customers.

Materials: To gain insight into the sales trends of the supplements the company used an internal database, run by Pansport. Throughout the year, one can see small jumps and drops in demand and sales of supplements, which primarily depends on the season (for example during the summer buying less supplements) and also on the schedule of competitions and other recreational and sports activities.

An interesting fact is that in each year increases the number of users of supplements, as the younger generations start being active in sports, and older generation continues, so its shows that the sale of supplements is a stable market with potential growth from year to year, not only in Europe but also in Serbia.

The wide range of products Pansport has to o�er can be categorized into the following groups and we are representing them in descending order, depending on popularity:

1. Proteins 2. NO Reactors3. Fat Burners4. Carbohydrates 5. Amino Acids 6. Creatine / Energy7. Vitamin / Mineral supplements 8. Isotonic drinks9. Gainers (products with a lower protein content than 50%)10. Other supplements

Unfortunately, this list is not a real indication of the popularity of certain categories of supplements, because it doesn’t contains products witch could not be registered as di-etary supplements in Serbia .


These are mostly vitamin-mineral products used by bodybuilders, powerlifters, and are used in all other sports that are based on the weight lifting. Athletes can not purchase these products in a legal way, so they are �nding various other ways, usually by buying online, through the acquaintances and other channels. Favorable situation for tra�ck-ing supplements facilitates a VAT refund at the borders with EU countries and also the increased costs of the importer / manufacturer of sports nutritional supplements with the import and release of the products in the free sale. We must point out that the sale of goods via the Internet by 3 largest tra�ckers, from the northern part of Vojvodina, slightly exceeds the internet sales by Pansport.

Discussion: Of all the categories of products, the most popular category is protein products, for sure. Most of our customers choose whey (WHEY PROTEIN) as its supple-ment. Next in line is creatine, as the most popular single product. Creatine is the eldest and one of the �rst supplements used.

Interesting fact is that in recent years a lot of e�ort is invested in the development of cre-atine, which is now less harmful to the kidneys, so today we have a numerous of chem-ical cleaner, bu�ered creatines or creatines in a compound, on the market. Fat burners are a category that is attracting more attention now at a time when the fast food took over leadership of the local food and when caloric intake is much higher than the actual needs of a man.

The chart shows the sale of other categories of supplements:

Pansport sales throughout the year, distributed as follows:

SPRING: 35%AUTUMN: 30%WINTER: 20%SUMMER: 15%

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Annual sales by origin of the products (U.S. or EU):

YEAR Imported from USA Imported from EU

2010 45% 55%

2011 40% 60%

2012 30% 70%

The thing that in a last two years not only disrupts business of Pansport, but also other importers of the supplements is the black market, which draws away much of the cus-tomers and records the boom.

CONCLUSION:

- Supplements market is very promising, so with a good business plan and support can be a very lucrative business.

- It should be noted that in Serbia there is no competitive domestic brand of supple-mentation for athletes, and the business is in the expansion.

- The black market is a major problem that is growing by the day - Education of the buyers is the best way to present goods to more consumers and

to attract new clients.

16. DIJETETSKI PROIZVODI U PRIVATNIM APOTEKAMAIvan EftovićZUA Filly farm, Beograd, Srbija

Dijetetski proizvodi u apotekama čine oko 28% od ukupne prodaje. Iako prodaja dijete-tike u apoteci čini skoro trećinu prodaje, tržište postaje sve zasićenije i operećenije pri-sustvom sve više preparata koji su samo paralela nekog prethodnog ili pak „tehnološki bolje obradjen“ preparat u odnosu na prethodni. Srpsko tržište je sve bogatije dijeteti-kom, ali sa druge strane postoji pad u kupovnoj moći pacijenata.

Alkilgliceroli i omega-3 kiseline koji su pored vitamina i minerala, bile najprodavaniji proizvodi, imaju odredjeni pad, koji se ne povezuje sa njihovim dejstvom, već sa njiho-vim cenama. Sa druge strane vitamini i dalje drže svoj nivo prodaje, koja je maksimalna u periodu oktobar-januar.

Primećeno je da kupovna moć menja i deklarisani način upotrebe odredjenog prepara-ta. Pacijenti, kako bi uštedeli na kupovini preparata, propisane doze samostalno uma-njuju, čime i nesvesno umanjuju efekat preparata.

Kupovna moć pacijenata je različita u zavisnosti od dela Srbije. Najveću kupovnu moć imaju pacijenti na teritoriji Beograda, Pomoravlja i centralne Srbije, dok Vojvodina i osta-tak Srbije, imaju slabiju kupovnu moć1. Primećeno je da najveću prodaju imaju preparati koji imaju agresivnu TV i radio kampanju,a pogotovu ukoliko kampanja ide od odredje-nih emitera.


U zavisnosti od godina starosti,dijetetski proizvodi imaju sledeću prodaju2 :

• Pacijenti starosne dobi izmedju 25 i 40 najčešće uzimaju vitamine kao dodatak ishrani i druge suplemente koji su povezani sa učenjem, povećanjim �zičkih aktiv-nosti i stresnim načinom života

• Pacijenti iznad 40, pored gore navedenog, počinju da uzimaju i druge proizvode koji su najčešće povezani sa njihovim zdravstvenim stanjem

1 Analiza je radjena na osnovu prometa u ZUA Filly farm2 Analiza je radjena na anketa u ZUA Filly farm

NUTRACEUTICALS IN PRIVATE PHARMACIESIvan EftovicFilly farm, Belgrade Serbia

Dietary supplements in pharmacies make about 28% of the total sales. Dietetics at the pharmacy makes contributes almost one third of total sales, but the market is becoming saturated and presence of products that are only parallel for previous existing ones or “technologically better processed” products is increasing. Serbian market is a burgeoning dietetics, but on the other hand there is a decline in the purchasing power of patients.

Alkyl glycerol and omega-3 fatty acids based products, which were in addition to vita-mins and minerals, the best-selling, show a certain decline, which is not related to their e�ect, but their prices. Vitamins and minerals still keep their sales level, which shows the maximum from October to January.

It has been noted that the purchasing power can change declared usage of certain products. The patients in order to decrease the costs of buying supplements and medic-inal products tend to lower the prescribed dose independently, thereby reducing the e�ect of the preparation.

The purchasing power of patients is di�erent depending on the part Serbia. Highest percentage of dietary supplements purchased is in Belgrade, than central Serbia, Po-moravlje, while the rest of Vojvodina and Serbia have a lower level of sales of dietary products. The best selling products have aggressive TV and radio campaign, which is especially e�cient if the campaign goes from certain broadcasters.

Depending on the age of the patients/customers, health products have the following sales characteristics:

• Patients aged between 25 and 40 most often take vitamins and other supplements that are associated with learning, increasing physical activity and stressful lifestyle;

• Patients over 40 in addition to the above, beggin to use other products that are often related to their health condition.

(The analysis was based on surveys of patients and turnover in Filly Farm)

1 Analiza je radjena na osnovu prometa u ZUA Filly farm2 Analiza je radjena na anketa u ZUA Filly farm

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17. ANALIZA SUPLEMENTACIJE SRPSKIH VRHUNSKIH SPORTISTANenad Dikić ¹,²,³, Marija Anđelković1,2,3, Ivana Baralić1,2, Milica Vesić Vukašinović1,2,3, Tamara Antić1,3

¹Udruženje za medicinu sporta Srbije, Beograd, Srbija²Centar za sportsku ishranu i suplementaciju, Beograd, Srbija³Antidoping agencija Republike Srbije, Beograd, Srbija

Uvod: Dijetetski suplementi (DS) se često upotrebljavaju bez dovoljno znanja o njiho-vim potencijalnim korisnim i/ili štetnim efektima i bez konsultacije sa stručnjacima iz oblasti nutricije i suplementacije. Cilj ove analize je bio da se ispita upotreba DS među srpskim vrhunskim sportistima u periodu njihove pripreme za Olimpijske igre u Londo-nu 2012. Svaka nabavka suplemenata ovih sportista je morala prvo da bude prosleđena ADAS od koga se tražilo mišljenje o prisustvu zabranjenih doping supstanci u deklarisa-nom sastavu suplemenata. Na taj način su prikupljene informacije i napravljena je baza podataka na osnovu koje je moguća sledeća analiza.

Metodologija: U ovoj studiji preseka koja je obuhvatila period od 2011. do kraja 2012.godine podaci su prikupljeni na osnovu zahteva za nabavku suplementa koji su sadržali samo naziv i proizvođača DS. U ADAS su od strane saveza slati spiskovi suplemenata za koje se tražilo odobrenje za nabavku: a) za sportistu individualno ili b) grupno za sportski savez (SS). Sastav DS se proveravao na zvaničnim internet prezentacijama proizvođača DS. Sledeći parametri su bili analizirani: identitet sportiste/saveza, broj ADAS mišljenja kroz vreme, naziv suplemenata, proizvođač suplemenata, podela suplemenata prema vrsti i sa-stavu, podela prema klasi�kaciji Australijskog instituta za sport (AIS) i analiza vrednosti DS.

Rezultati: Ukupno 89 ADAS mišljenja o prisustvu zabranjenih doping supstanci u de-klarisanom sastavu suplemenata je izdato za 35 sportista i 9 SS. 204 različita brenda (na-ziva) DS je bilo prisutno u 766 poručenih kutija DS koliko je ukupno analizirano u svim pristiglim porudžbinama. Atletičari su činili 85% svih sportista koji su imali individualne porudžbine. Prosečan broj DS po sportisti je bio 6.6±3.4. Najpopularniji proizvođači DS su bili sa američkog kontinenta. Najpopularniji DS su bili: aminokiseline (13%), glutamin (10%), sportska pića (7.6%), kreatin (7.5%), whey protein (6.4%) i multivitamini/minerali (6.3%). Prema AIS klasi�kaciji, većina suplemenata je bila iz grupe C (46%) sa malo doka-za o korisnim sportskim efektima, dok su ostali bili iz grupe A (39.6%) i grupe B (13.6%). 0.7% suplemenata je bilo iz grupe D (DS sa doping supstancama ili DS sa visokim rizi-kom za kontaminaciju i doping pozitivan test, kao što su Tribulus terrestris ili stimulansi). Prosečna cena suplementacije po danu je bila 1.6 € ili približno 50 € mesečno/sportisti. Najjeftini DS su bili vitamini i minerali a najskuplji su bili proteinski barovi.

Diskusija: Ovaj studija pokazuje da je suplementacija srpskih olimpijskih sportista zasnova-na na DS koji imaju malo dokaza o pozitivnom uticaju na sportsku sposobnost. Potencijalni negativni efekti DS mogu da dovedu do smanjena sportskih performansi, kratkotrajnih ili dugoročnih posledica po opšte zdravlje i pozitivnog doping rezultata. Sportisti očigledno koriste suplemente bez uzimanja u obzir njihovih navika u ishrani. Kod srpskih vrhunskih sportista postoji potreba za stručnim savetovanjem na polju ishrane i suplementacije.

Reference:Maughan J.R., Depiesse F., Geyer H. (2007). Journal of Sports Science: 25(S1): S103 – S113


THE USE OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS BY SERBIAN ELITE ATHLETESNenad Dikić1,2,3, Marija Anđelković1,2,3, Ivana Baralić1,2, Milica Vesić Vukašinović1,2,3, Tamara Antić1,3 ¹Sports Medicine Association of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia²Center for sports nutrition and supplementation, Belgrade, Serbia ³Anti-doping agency of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia

Introduction: Dietary supplements (DS) are often used without a full understanding or evaluation of potential bene�ts and risks, and without consultation with a sports nutritional professionals. The aim of this study was to examine the use of DS among Ser-bian athletes who were prepareing for London Olympic games 2012. Their DS purchase were mandatory checked by Anti-doping agency of Serbia (ADAS). This project led to creation of database for present study.

Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, that covered the period from 2011. to the end of 2012. data were collected from supplements purchase request, containing only DS brand name. Requests were received for ADAS opinion: a) from an athlete individu-ally or from b) National Federation (NF). Ingredients were checked on o�cial website of DS manufacturer. Following parameters were analyzed: athlete/NF identity, number of ADAS opinions, DS brand, DS manufacturer, frequency of DS type, Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) classi�cation and cost–bene�t analysis.

Results: Total of 89 ADAS opinions were issued for 35 athletes and 9 NF. 204 diferent DS brands distributed to 766 ordered boxes were analysed for athletes and NF. 85% of indi-vidual athletes were from athletics. Average number of DS used by athletes was 6.6±3.4. Most popular DS manufacturers were based in United States. The most commonly DS were: amino acids (13%), glutamine (10%), sports drink (7.6%), creatine (7.5%), whey protein (6.4%) and multivitamine/minerale (6.3%). According to AIS classi�cation, ma-jority of DS were from group C (46%) with little proof of bene�cial e�ects and others were from group A (39.6%), group B (13.6%) and even 0.7% from group D (banned DS or DS with high risk for doping positive test, likeTribulus terrestris or stimulants). Aver-age price of supplements per day was 1.6 € or approximatelly 50 € per month/athlete. Cheapest DS were vitamins and minerals and the most expensive DS were sports bars.

Discussion: This study shows that Serbian olympic athletes supplementation is based on DS that have little proof of bene�cial e�ects on performance enhacment. Potential negative outcomes could include a decrement in performance, acute or long-term harm to health, and a positive doping result. Athletes apparently used supplements without considering the e�ects of their normal diets. There is a need for professional nutritional counseling among Serbian elite athletes.

References:

Maughan J.R., Depiesse F., Geyer H. (2007). Journal of Sports Science: 25(S1): S103 – S113

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18. DODACI ISHRANI I LEKOVI KOJI SE KUPUJU BEZ RECEPTA (SLIČNOSTI I RAZLIKE), ZNAČAJ EDUKACIJEVesna Andrejević1, Bisenija Radivojević2, Snežana Barjaktarović Labović3

1Institut za javno zdravlje Kragujevac2Dom zdravlja Kragujevac3Dom zdravlja Bar

Uvod: Pristup lekovima i pomoćnim lekovitim preparatima značajno se promenio po-slednjih trideset godina. Samolečenje je važan aspekt zdravstvene zaštite, ali ono po-drazumeva viši nivo znanja o zdravlju i bolesti, kvalitetne izvore informacija, kao i zainte-resovanost i odgovornost pojedinca. Cilj ovog rada je da ukažemo na značaj poznavanja razlike između dijetetskih suplemenata i lekova koji se kupuju bez recepta, kao i značaj edukacije lekara, farmaceuta i pojedinaca.

Metodologija: Pretraživanje dostupne literature.

Rezultati i diskusija: Dijetetski suplementi su preparati koji dopunjuju normalnu ishra-nu i predstavljaju koncentrovane izvore vitamina i minerala i drugih supstanci sa hranj-ljivim i �ziološkim efektima. Regulisani su Zakonom o hrani, kao i Pravilnikom o dodaci-ma ishrani. Lekovi koji se izdaju bez recepta spadaju pod nadležnost Agencije za lekove i medicinske proizvode. Srbija je sa svojih oko 11% lekova koji se izdaju bez recepta na ukupnom farmaceutskom tržištu ispod evropskog proseka koji iznosi 12,5%. U država-ma koje su prošle tranziciju, kao što su Slovačka, Bugarska ili Češka, bezreceptni (over the counter – OTC) lekovi na ukupnom farmceutskom tržištu imaju udeo od 16-30%, dok u Hrvatskoj taj udeo iznosi 12,5%.

Tržišna orjentacija farmaceutskih kompanija je jako agresivna, često etički problematič-na, ali je naša realnost. Segment OTC podleže stalnoj evaluaciji, neophodna je registra-cija proizvoda, dozvola za stavljanje u promet. Dodaci ishrani ne zahtevaju stroga i op-sežna klinička ispitivanja, važno je da je dokazano da nisu štetni i da su e�kasni nameni. Postoji dosta preklapanja dodataka ishrani i lekova koji se mogu kupiti bez recepta, što veoma često dovodi u zabunu osobu kojoj je potrebna.

Zaključak: Edukacija lekara i farmaceuta iz oblasti dijetskih preparata i lekova koji se prodaju bez recepta je neophodan i sastavni deo edukacije zdravstvene struke. Prelazak leka iz statusa “Recept” u status “Bez recepta zavisi” od edukacije stanovništva, tradicije i kulture, podrške državnih struktura i drugih činioca. Pravo pojedinca na lečenje i infor-macije o lekovima uključuje i obavezu učenja i samokontrole. Kako na kraju odgovor-nost snosi pacijent, on mora biti edukovan i odgovoran od strane prethodno edukova-nih stručnih lica.


NUTRITION SUPPLEMENTS AND REMEDIES THAT ARE SOLD WITHOUT PRESCRIPTION (SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES) IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATIONVesna Andrejević1, Bisenija Radivojević2, Snežana Barjaktarović Labović3

1Public Health Institute, Kragujevac2Health Centre Kragujevac3Medical Centre Bar

Introduction: Access to medicines and complementary medicinal preparations signi�-cantly changed in the past thirty years. Self-care is an important aspect of health care, but it involves a higher level of knowledge about health and disease, quality sources of information, and the interest and responsibility of the individual. The goal of this work is to highlight the importance of knowing the di�erences between dietary supplements and medicines sold without prescription and the importance of educating physicians, pharmacists and patients.

Methodology: Search through available literature.

Results and discussion: Dietary supplements are products that supplement normal diet and are additional sources of vitamins and minerals and other substances with nu-tritive and physiological e�ects. They are regulated by the Law on food, as well as a Regulation of dietary supplements. Remedies available to be issued without prescrip-tion fall under the jurisdiction of Agency for medicines and medical products. Serbia is with 11% of medicaments which are issued without prescription below the European average which stands at 12.5 %. In transition countries, Slovakia, Bulgaria, and Czech Republic, over the couner drugs ( OTC) have a share of 16-30% of total pharmaceutical market, while in Croatia the share is 12.5%.

Market orientation of pharmaceutical companies is very aggressive, often ethically prob-lematic, but also is our reality. OTC segment is subject to constant evaluation because of the necessary registration. Dietary supplements do not require rigorous and extensive clinical trials, it is important that they are not harmful and that are e�ective purpose.

There is certain overlap between dietary supplements and drugs that can be purchased without a prescription, and can be confusing for a patient.

Conclusion: Training of doctors and pharmacists in the �eld of dietetic products and medicines sold without a prescription is a necessary and an integral part of the edu-cation of health professionals. The transition from drug status “recipe” to the status of “Without a prescription” depends on the education of the population, traditions and culture, government support structure, and other factors. The individual’s right to treat-ment and medication information includes the obligation of learning and self-control. As at the end of the responsibility of the patient, he must be educated and responsible by the pre-trained professionals.

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19. UPOTREBA DIJETETSKIH SUPLEMENATA MEĐU MLADIM LJUDIMADušan AntićGlaxosmithkline, Beograd, Srbija

Uvod: Dijetetski suplementi se u današnje vreme nalaze u širokoj upotrebi, bilo oprav-dano ili neopravdano. Njih upotrebljavaju ljudi svih starosnih dobi, a sa aspekta �zičke aktivnosti i sportisti i rekreativci i ljudi koji se nikad nisu bavili sportom. Dijetetski suple-menti imaju svoje mesto u očuvanju i unapređenju zdravlja, kao i poboljšanju sportskih performansi, ali samo ako se uzimaju na način na koji je to propisano.

Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se ispita upotreba dijetetskih suplemenata kod mladih ljudi, a da se rezultati uporede u odnosu na �zičku aktivnost ispitanika i na pol ispitanika.

Metodologija: Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 134 ispitanika (73 muškaraca i 61 žena; srednje godine starosti 22,3±2,7) koji su činili 4 subuzorka: A- studenti Fakulteta �zičke kulture u Novom Sadu koji se rekreativno bave sportom (39), B- studenti novosadskog Univer-ziteta koji se ne bave sportom (35), C- aktivni članovi 5 teretana u Novom Sadu (30) i D- aktivni atletičari (30).

Za prikupljanje podataka je korišćena nestandardizovana istraživačka tehnika anketiranja.

Rezultati: Dijetetske suplemente u ovom trenutku koristi ukupno 66% ispitanika, njih 19,3% koristi povremeno, dok nikad nije koristilo 1,9% ispitanika.Od ukupnog broja is-pitanika koji trenutno uzima suplemente, njih 37,9% uzima >5 puta nedeljno, 29,8% uzima 2-4 puta nedeljno i 29,6% <2 puta nedeljno. Grupa D najviše koristi dijetetske suplemente u ovom trenutku (80,1%), a najmanje grupa B (42%) gde je zabeleženo i da čak 15,9% njih nije nikada koristilo suplemente do sada.

Kao najčešći izvor informacija o dijetetskim suplementima ispitanici grupe A i B navode internet (40,9%, odnosno 42,8%), dok su za grupu C i D to apoteke i druge specijalizova-ne prodavnice (48,1%), odnosno sportski treneri (51,8%).

Ispitanici uzimaju različite dijetetske suplemente. Najviše su to vitamini (46,1%) i mine-rali (34,2%), zatim slede biljni preparati (29,9%), sagorevači masti (23,5%), aminokiseline (17,3%) itd. Ispitanici iz grupe D statistički značajno (p<0,05) više od ostalih uzimaju vi-tamine i kreatin; ispitanici iz grupe C statistički značajno više od drugih uzimaju proteine i preparate za povećanje mišićne mase/težine; ispitanici iz grupe A statistički značajno više od drugih uzimaju sagorevače masti, a iz grupe B biljne preparate.

Kao glavni razlog za uzimanje dijetetskih suplemenata ispitanici iz grupa A i B su naveli gubitak kilaže i/ili smanjenje masnog tkiva (37,1%, odnosno 31,9%), zatim slede oču-vanje zdravlja i povećanje energije i/ili poboljšanje kondicije. Ispitanici iz grupe C kao glavni razlog ističu povećanje mišićne mase i/ili kilaže (46,1%), ali i gubitak kilaže i/ili smanjenje masnog tkiva(45,8%), što ispitanici D grupe navode kao prvi razlog (43,6%). Ispitanici žene sa statističkom značajnošću najčešće uzimaju suplemente zbog očuvanja zdravlja i kao dopuna dijetetskom režimu ishrane, dok ispitanici muškarci sa statistič-kom značajnošću uzimaju suplemente zbog gubitka kilaže i/ili smanjenja masnog tkiva i povećanja mišićne mase i/ili kilaže.


Zaključak: Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da postoje razlike među grupama kada su u pitanju uzimanje različitih dijetetskih suplemenata, način informisanja o njima, kao i razlozi za njihovo uzimanje. Ono što bi trebalo da svi imaju na umu je da se dijetetski suplementi uvek koriste kada i koliko treba, uz strogu kontrolu.

Ključne reči: dijetetski suplementi, anketiranje, �zička aktivnost

USE OF DIETARY SUPLLEMENTS AMONG YOUNG PEOPLEDušan AntićGlaxoSmithKline, Belgrade, Serbia

Introduction: Nowadays dietary supplements are widely used. They are used by people of all ages and di�erent level of physical activity. Dietary supplements play a great role in maintaining and promoting health and improving athletic performance, but only tak-en in the way it is de�ned.

The aim of this study was to establish the use of dietary supplements among young people, and to compare the results with respect to physical activity of respondents and the respondents’ gender.

Metodology: The study included 134 participants (73 men and 61 women; mean age was 22.3 ± 2.7), which consisted of four sub-samples: A - students from Faculty of Phys-ical Education in Novi Sad who are recreational athletes (39), B - students from the Uni-versity of Novi Sad, who are not involved in sports (35), C - active members of �ve gyms in Novi Sad (30) and D - active athletes (30).

With the purpose of collecting data, a questionnaire was used as a non-standard re-search technique.

Results: Dietary supplements currently use 66% of respondents; 19.3% of them use from time to time, and 1.9% have never used dietary supplements. From the total num-ber of respondents who currently take supplements, 37.9% take them regularly (> 5 times per week), 29.8% take them occasionally (2-4 times per week) and 29.6% take seldom (< 2 times per week). Members from group D use dietary supplements presently the most (80.1%) and the members from group B the least (42%) where is also noticed that even 15.9% of them have never used supplements before.

The most frequent source of information on dietary supplements for the groups A and B is Internet (40.9% and 42.8%), whereas for group C and D it is drug stores and other speciality stores (48.1%), and sports trainers (51.8%).

Participants were taking di�erent dietary supplements. Most of them are vitamins (46.1%) and minerals (34.2%), followed by herbal medicines (29.9%), fat burners (23.5%), amino acids (17.3%) and some others. Respondents from group D reported signi�cantly (p <0.05) more taking vitamins and creatine than other groups; respondents in group C signi�cantly more than others take proteins and preparations for increasing muscle mass / weight. When it comes to groups A and B, group A signi�cantly more than take fat burners, whereas group B herbal medicines.

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The main reason for taking dietary supplements respondents from groups A and B in-dicated weight/fat loss (37.1% and 31.9%), following by preserving health and increase energy and / or keeping �t. Respondents from group C as the main reason found weight/muscle gain (46.1%), then weight/fat loss (45.8%), which is the �rst reason listed for the group D (43.6%). Females were signi�cantly more likely to take supplements because of preserving their health and an inadequate diet, whereas males were signi�cantly more likely to take supplements for weight/muscle gain and weight/fat loss.

Conclusion: The results of this study indicate di�erences among the groups when it comes to taking various dietary supplements, the way of information about them, and the reasons for their usage. What all people should have in their minds is that dietary supplements are supposed to use only when it is necessary, with strict control.

Keywords: dietary supplements, questionnaire, physical activity

20. UPOTREBA DIJETETSKIH SUPLEMENATA U POPULACIJI STUDENATA FARMACIJEČakar Uroš, Bojana Vidović, Brižita Đorđević, Slađana Šobajić, Ivan StankovićKatedra za bromatologiju, Farmaceutski Fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Beograd, Srbija

Uvod: Dijetetski suplementi zauzimaju značajno mesto u savremenom načinu života. Od početka 90-ih godina 20 veka kada su zvanično ozakonjeni prvi preparati takvog tipa pa sve do danas njihov broj u svetu i kod nas se povećava. Zbog svog pozitivnog dejstva upotrba suplemenata u populaciji je u stalnom porastu, a pogotovo među mla-đom populacijom odnosno studentima.

Metodologija: Istraživanje je sprovedeno tokom perioda od oktobra 2012 do maja 2013. godine među studentima farmacije iz različitih evropskih zemalja, popunjavanjem za potrebe istraživanja dizajniranog elektronskog upitnika. Statistička obrada podataka je izvršena upotrebom SPSS programa (SPSS 11.5, Inc., Chicago IL, USA).

Rezultati: Sakupljeni su i analizirani podaci za ukupno 703 studenta farmacije, od čega 58% devojaka i 42% mladića, iz 28 evropskih zemalja. Prema rezultatima istraživanja, dije-tetske suplemente koristi 19,9% studentske populacije. Najčešće korišćeni su suplementi sa vitaminima i mineralima, pojedinačno ili u kombinaciji. Takođe, zabeležena je i upotre-ba suplemenata na bazi propolisa, ribljeg ulja, probiotika, kao i proteinskih suplemena-ta. Najčešći korisnici dijetetskih suplemenata su normalno uhranjeni studenti i nepušači. Upotreba suplemenata je najviše zastupljena među studentima iz zemalja zapadne i se-verne Evrope, a najmanje među studentima iz zemalja južnoevropskog regiona.

Zaključak: Dobijeni rezultati istraživanja upotrebe dijetetskih suplemenata u populaciji evropskih studenata farmacije, u skladu su sa rezultatima epidemioloških studija koje uka-zuju da je raširenost upotrebe dijetetskih suplemenata različita među stanovnicima evrop-skih zemalja, kao i da je povezana sa određenim socio-ekonomskim karakteristikama.

Ključne reči: dijetetski suplementi, studenti farmacije


THE USAGE OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS AMONG EUROPEAN PHARMACY STUDENT POPULATIONČakar Uroš, Bojana Vidović, Brižita Đorđević, Slađana Šobajić, Ivan StankovićDepartment of bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

Introduction: Dietary supplements are very important in the modern lifestyle. From the beggining of 90-es of 20 century when the �rst formulation was recognized by law until today number of new products of such kind in world and in Serbia is increasing. Due to their positive e�ects on human organisam, the usage of dietary supplements among people is increasing, especially in young and student population.

Methodology: The research was conducted from the beggining of the October 2012. until the end of May 2013. Among pharmacy students from di�erent European countries. All students �lled electronic questionnaire which was designed for this research. The satistic analysis of data was conducted by using of SPSS programa (SPSS 11.5, Inc., Chicago IL, USA).

Results: Data collected and analyzed was from 703 pharmacy students from which was 58% female and 42% male from 28 di�erent European coutries. According to the results of research, dietary supplements were used by 19,9% of sudent population. The most used dietary supplements are with vitamins and minerals. Also is important the usage of di-etary supplements with propolis, �sh oil, probiotics and proteine supplements. The most frequent users are students with normal body mass index and no smokers. The usage of dietary supplements is the most spread among students from West and North Europe. The least usage of dietary supplements is among the student’s from South Europe.

Conclusion: All collected data from research of frequency of usage dietary upplements showing us according to the epidemiological studies that european pharmacy students in di�erent countries use them in the di�erent frequency due to the social-economic facts of region where they live.

Keywords: dietary supplements, pharmacy students

21. NAVIKE U ISHRANI I UPOTREBA DODATAKA ISHRANI U PREVENCIJI ANEMIJEDragana Stojisavljević, Ljubica Bojanić, Ljiljana Stanivuk, Slađana Šiljak, Dušanka Danojević, Jelena Niškano-vić, Mirjana ĐermanovićInstitut za javno zdravstvo Republike Srpske, Banja Luka, Republika Srpska

Uvod: Anemija predstavlja najučestalije mikrode�citarno oboljenje u svijetu. U cilju ispi-tivanja učestalosti anemije i faktora koji dovode do anemije u Republici Srpskoj je sprove-deno istraživanje u 2011. godini usmjereno na procjenu navika ishrane. Opšti ciljevi istraži-vanja su bili utvrditi prevalencu anemije među djecom uzrasta od 0 do 59 mjeseci, djecom uzrasta od 5 do 15 godina starosti, kao i osobama ženskog pola od 16 do 49 godina sta-rosti, zatim utvrditi učestalost konzumiranja namirnica iz grupe hem i non-hem, unos že-ljeza iz ishrane kod osoba kod kojih se mjerenjem utvrde niže vrijednosti hemoglobina od referentnih, te dati adekvatan prijedlog za mjere u cilju smanjenja prevalence anemije.

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Metodologija: Uzorkom su obuhvaćena 2 991 ispitanika koji su prema uzrasnoj dobi pripadali ciljnim populacijama. U istraživanju su korištena tri upitnika (upitnik za do-maćinstvo, individualni upitnik prilagođen speci�čnim uzrasnim grupama i 24-časovni upitnik za osobe kod kojih je utvrđena anemija) i vršeno je utvrđivanje vrijednosti he-moglobina u krvi pomoću HemoCue fotometra.

Rezultati: Prevalenca anemije u R. Srpskoj iznosi 9,9%. Utvrđena je visoka statistička zna-čajnost razlike u pojavi anemije između uzrasnih grupa (χ²=49,561, p=.000), i to u uzrasnoj kategoriji od 16-49 godina 13,0%, potom u grupi 0-59 mjeseci 11,0%, dok je u grupi od 5-15 godina utvrđena najniža učestalost (4,5%). Analizom navika u ishrani, sa posebnim osvrtom na unos hem i non-hem namirnica, utvrđena je snažna povezanost između po-jave anemije i unosa namirnica iz grupe hem (t=3,248, p=.001), pri čemu je uočeno da osobe koje nemaju anemiju značajno više konzumiraju hem-grupu namirnica koje su bo-gate željezom i sa visokim stepenom iskoristljivosti, dok nije utvrđena značajna razlika u pogledu konzumiranja non-hem namirnica između anemičnih i neanemičnih ispitanika. Određene kategorije pribjegavaju upotrebi suplemenata. Testiranjem povezanosti anemi-je i upotrebe suplemenata utvrđeno je da postoji vrlo niska, ali statistički značajna poveza-nost (koef. korelacije= - 0,068) između vrijednosti hemoglobina i upotrebe suplemenata (manja vrijednost hemoglobin, veća upotreba Fe i obratno). Kod ostalih suplemenata (vi-tamin C, folna kiselina) nije utvrđena povezanost sa vrijednošću hemoglobin.

Zaključak: Da bi se smanjila incidenca anemije potrebno je poboljšati dostupnost hra-ne bogate željezom, unaprijediti navike u ishrani, te provesti edukaciju u vezi sa pravil-nim izborom, kombinacijom i pripremom namirnica.

Ključne reči: anemija, ishrana, suplementi, željezo

EATING HABITS AND SUPPLEMENT USE IN PREVENTION OF ANEMIADragana Stojisavljević, Ljubica Bojanić, Ljiljana Stanivuk, Slađana Šiljak, Dušanka Danojević, Jelena Niškanović, Mirjana ĐermanovićPublic Health Institute of Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska

Introduction: Anemia is the most common and widespread nutritional disorder in the world. In the 2011 in the Republic of Srpska was a conducted research study of preva-lence of anemia and the factors that lead to anemia in the vulnerable population, which was focused on the evaluation of eating habits. The general aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of anemia among children aged 0-59 months, children aged 5-15 years and females 16-49 years old; to determine the frequency of consumption of foods from the hem/non hem group; determine the iron intake from the diet of those who have found lower hemoglobin levels than the reference value, and to provide an adequate proposal for intervention to reduce the prevalence of anemia.

Methodology: The sample included 2991 respondents by age belonged to the target populations. The study used three questionnaires (Household questionnaire, an indi-vidual questionnaire (Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ)), tailored to speci�c age groups, and the 24h recall for persons found to have a anemia) and was done to deter-mine the levels of hemoglobin in the blood using the HemoCue photometer.


Results: The prevalence of anemia among investigated population in the Republic of Srpska was 9.9%. There was statistically signi�cant di�erence in the occurrence of ane-mia among age groups (χ ² = 49.561, p < 0.001), and in the age category of 16-49 years 13.0%, followed by the group of 0-59 months 11.0%, while the lowest prevalence was in a group of 5-15 years (4.5%). The analysis of eating habits, with special emphasis on hem and non-hem foods, established a strong association between the occurrence of anemia and food intake from hem group (t = 3.248, p =0 .001), where it was noticed that people who do not have anemia consume signi�cantly more foods from hem-group that are rich in iron and with a high degree of bioavailable of dietary iron. It was also determined that the population consumes hem-foods in accordance with WHO recom-mendations, except for the �sh. Certain number of people use supplements. Testing association of anemia and the use of supplements, it was found that there is very low but statistically signi�cant correlation (r = -0.068) between hemoglobin and the use of iron (decreased hemoglobin, increased use of iron and vice versa). Testing of association between other supplements used for the prevention of anemia (vitamin C, folic acid) no relationship was found with the value of hemoglobin.

Conclusion: To reduce the incidence of anemia is necessary to improve the availability of iron rich foods in accordance with WHO recommendations, improve eating habits, and conduct training for all age categories.

Keywords: anemia, nutrition, supplements, iron

MINI SIMPOZIJUM – MARKETING, BIOETIKA I ETIKA U SUPLEMENTACIJI

MINI SYMPOSIUM – MARKETING, BIOETHICS AND ETHICS OF

SUPPLEMENTATION


22. USPJEŠAN DIJETETSKI PROIZVOD – POSTOJI LI TAJNI RECEPT?Josipa Mazalin ProtulipacFidifarm, SPP Zdravlje i njega, Atlantic Grupa

U posljednjih nekoliko godina budžet potreban da bi se na tržište stavio novi dijetetski proizvod dramatično se povećao. Stoga je prvi cilj svake kompanije (bez obzira na njezi-nu veličinu) osigurati uspješno lansiranje takvog proizvoda.

Prije nego proces odabira novog dijetetskog proizvoda započne, od presudne je važ-nosti poznavanje i razumijevanje psihologije potrošača i tržišne dinamike, ali i tehnolo-gije koja može osigurati inovacije.

Osim toga, postoji nekoliko karakteristika koje svaki novi dijetetski proizvod mora imati, ukoliko želi postići očekivani uspjeh na tržištu:proizvod se primarno obraća potrebi po-trošača koja još nije zadovoljena; proizvod mora zadovoljiti organoleptička očekivanja; mora biti učinkovit;mora biti neprikosnoveno siguran te se uklopiti i nadopuniti sva-kodnevni život potrošača.

Dakle, novi dijetetski proizvod mora imati jasnu korist koja se odnosi na još nezadovol-jenu potrebu potrošača. Budući da očekivani životni vijek postaje sve dulji, svjedoci smosve veće učestalosti zdravstvenih problema vezanih uz stariju životnu dob, ali i loše životne i zdravstvene navike (pretilost, dijabetes, povišene razine lipida u serumu, oste-oartritis, osteoporoza).

Organoleptička svojstva se odnose na okus, teksturu, boju i miris proizvoda. Neupitno je da dijetetski proizvodu moraju imati ugodan okus i prirodnu boju, međutim, orga-noleptička svojstva uključuju primjerice i „aftertaste“ te miris koji se često povezuju s konzumacijom ribljeg ulja. Tijekom proteklih nekoliko godina, industrija je bila prilično uspješna u otklanjanju tih problema.

Povijesno gledano, „priča o proizvodu“ je odigrala značajnu ulogu u marketingu dije-tetskih proizvoda. Međutim, u današnje vrijeme dokazana učinkovitost neusporedi-vo nadmašuje sve druge marketinške napore. Uvjerljivost pri tome ne proizlazi isključi-vo iz odobrenih zdravstvenih tvrdnji, koje su navedene na ambalaži proizvoda, već u određenim segmentima potrošača ona rezonira još jače kroz „word of mouth“ ili putem takvih autoritativnih izvora kao što su zdravstveni djelatnici.

Nedavno provedene potrošačke ankete pokazale su da je neupitna sigurnost proi-zvoda primarni atribut koji utječena odluku o kupnji. Iako zabrinutost o sigurnosti di-jetetskih proizvoda nije novost, ona se intenzivirala u posljednjih nekoliko godina zbog brojnih negativnih primjera i publiciteta kojima su oni bili popraćeni.

Konačno, dijetetski proizvod mora svojim karakteristikama nadopuniti i uklopiti se u svakodnevni život potrošača, što uključujenjihove prehrambene i kupovne navike, preferirani oblik proizvoda, vegetarijanstvo. Ono što potrošač smatra praktičnim i što bitno pojednostavljuje njegov svakodnevni život također se bitno izmijenilo tijekom posljednjih nekoliko godina (dostupnost proizvoda, prodajno mjesto, Internet).

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SUCCESSFUL FOOD SUPPLEMENT – IS THERE A SECRET RECIPE? Josipa Mazalin ProtulipacFidifarm, SPP Health and care, Atlantic Group

The investment necessary to launch new food supplement product hasdramatically in-creasedin the last few years. Therefore, the �rst goal of any company is to ensure suc-cessful launch of such a product. Before the process of choosing a new product even begins, it is of the utmost importance to understand the consumer psychology and the market dynamics, as well as technologies that could be driving innovation.

A process to identify and assess success risk of a new product relies on speci�c crite-ria: the product’s ability to address an unmet need, satisfy organoleptic expectations, demonstrate e�cacy, possess unquestionable safety and provide a complete lifestyle �t.

First, products must provide a clear bene�t that addresses an unmet consumer need.Since all populations worldwide are getting older, we are witnessingthe ever-increasing incidence of health issues related to old age, but also poor lifestyle and behavior choices (obesity, diabetes, elevated serum lipids, osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis).

Organoleptic characteristics refer to taste, texture, color and smell. It is well under-stood thatfood supplement products must deliver on taste; however, organoleptics also include, for example, the “aftertaste” and smell associated with consumption of certain �sh oil products. Over the past few years, formulators have been quite successful at remedying these issues.

Historically, the power of “the story” has played a signi�cant role in the marketing of di-etary supplements. However, the importance of demonstrated e�cacy has become increasingly important. Believability of the bene�t is not limited to label claims; with certain consumer segments, it resonates stronger through word-of-mouth or through such authoritative sources as health care professionals.

Recent consumer surveys have shown unquestionable safety is the number one prod-uct attribute a�ecting consumers’ purchase decisions. Though their concern about the safety of dietary supplements is not new, it has intensi�ed over the past few years due to negative media coverage of often deserving products.

Finally, lifestyle �t includes a broad group of characteristics including convenience, eat-ing habits, purchasing patterns, preferred product forms, vegetarianism. The demand for convenience has changed signi�cantly over the years (including product availability and the Internet).

23. SUPLEMENTI – ŠTA SVE I KAKO REKLAMA MOŽEVesna RankovićIndustrija dijetetskih suplemenata raste rapidno, sve vise povecavajuci svoj udeo i ogla-šavanju. Broj proizvoda koji se reklamira sve je veći iz godine u godinu. U Srbiji ovaj trend je se intenzivira od pre 4 godine. Kategorija suplemenata najbrže raste u odnosu na sve ostale kategorije, već dve godine unazad.


Rad će se baviti marketinškim oglašavanjem u kategoriji suplemenata.

Čemu služi, koja su oruđa da se pridobije pažnja auditorijauma. Kako se osmišljava kam-panja i koji su prvi a koji pogrešni putevi u oglašavanju. Kako se primnenjuju istraživan-ja. Kako reklama treba da izgleda i šta treba da sadrži. Šta najviše privlači ciljnu grupu. Šta reći a šta prećutati. Osnovna zakonska regulativa u oglašavanju.

Koji mediji se najviše koriste.

Primeri dobrih i loših kampanja u medijima. Primeri neuobičajenih kampanja.

Zaklljučak kada i kako krenuti sa oglašavanjem da ono ima najbolji efekat.

DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS – HOW ADVERTISING WORKS IN SUPPLEMENT CATEGORYVesna Ranković

The dietary supplement industry is very dynamic, rapidly increasing its share in advertis-ing and the number of advertising products. Signi�cant growth on Serbian market is re-ported in last 4 years, whereas supplements category has the highest growth amongst all advertising categories in last 2 years.

Article covers advertising activities in supplements category.

What is actually advertised in the category. Tools and researches which help to address the audience in most e�cient way. Process of campaign creation. Which is the right and which the wrong way of campaigns creation. How to gain the attention of the target group. What to tell and when to keep quiet. Legislation facts.

Examples of the campaigns.

Conclusion will summarize on topic how to be e�cient in creation of the campaign which will match your needs and the budget.

24. UPRAVLJANJE I OBEZBEĐENJE KVALITETA U PROIZVODNJI DIJETETSKIH SUPLEMENATADavor J.Korčok¹, Ivana Baralić¹, Marina Korčok²¹Abela Pharm d.o.o., Beograd, Srbija²Medica Pharma, Beograd, Srbija

Dijetetski suplementi su farmaceutsko dozirani oblici i predstavljaju koncentrovane izvore nutrijenasa i drugih supstanci sa nutritivnim ili �ziološkim efektima. U razvijenim i ekonomsko stabilnim zemljama, a poslednjih godina i kod nas, veoma je rasprostran-jena upotreba dijetetskih proizvoda. Kada se govori o ovim proizvodima veoma često se posatavlja pitanje njihove bezbednosti i zbog toga je veoma važno da se de�niše šta se podrazumeva pod dobrom proizvođačkom praksom za ovu grupu proizvoda kako bi proizvođači imali smernice na kojima bi bazirali svoje proizvodne pogone.

Osnovni uslov da bi se dijetetski suplementi plasirali na tržište jeste da budu bezbedni, kvalitetni i e�kasni. Da bi se osnovni uslovi ispunili potrebno je donošenje zakonskih

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propisa sa precizno de�nisanim uslovima kvaliteta i bezbednosti. Za dobijanje bezbed-nog proizvoda potrebno je primenjivati HACCP prncipe, kako je de�nisano Pravilnikom o zdravstvenoj ispravnosti dijetetskih proizvoda. Osnov za ispunjavanje HACCP principa je Dobra proizvođačka praksa koja je jasno de�nisan standard i koja predstavlja onaj deo obezbeđenja kvaliteta koji obezbeđuje da se proizvodi dosledno proizvode i kontrolišu u skladu sa standardima kvaliteta odgovarajućim za njihovu nameravanu upotrebu.

Osnovni zahtevi dobre proizvođačke prakse su:

• da su sviproizvodniprocesi jasnodefinisani, sistematskiproveravaninaosnovustečenog iskustva i da obezbeđuju doslednu proizvodnju zahtevanog kvaliteta, a prema speci�kaciji,

• dasukritičnefazeproizvodnogprocesaiznačajneizmeneprocesavalidirane• da su obezbeđeni svi neophodni uslovi za primenuDobreproizvođačkeprakse

uključujući odgovarajuće kvali�kovano i obučeno osoblje, odgovarajuće objekte i prostor, odgovarajuću opremu i održavanje,

• odobrene standardne operativne postupke i uputstva koji su napisani jasnim inedvosmislenim jezikom i prilagođeni postojećim uslovima

• dajeosobljeobučenozakorektnosprovođenjeoperativnihpostupaka• daseu tokuproizvodnogprocesavodezapisnicikojimasepotvrđujedasusve

faze, de�nisane procedurama i uputstvima, u potpunosti izvršene i da kvalitet i kvantitet proizvoda odgovaraju ocekivanom

• da jedokumentacijavođenanaodgovarajućinačin ida senaosnovunjemožedokazati sledljivost

• dajerizikodoštećenjaproizvodasvedennaminimum• dajeobezbeđensistemzapovlačenjeproizvodaizprometa

Za razliku od smernica Dobre proizvođačke prakse HACCP nije standrad već princip koji predstavlja alat za procenu rizika u cilju bezbednosti proizvoda ove vrste. Postoji sedam HACCP principa i to:

1. Analiza opasnosti je proces prikupljanja i vrednovanja informacija o opasnostima i uslovima potrebnim za njihovo pojavljivanje.

2. Određivanje kritičnih kontrolnih tačaka – korak u kome je neophodno primeniti posebne upravljačke mere kako bi se sprečila ili otklonila opasnost u odnosu na bezbednost proizvoda ili rizik smanjio na prihvatljiv nivo.

3. Uspostavljanje kritičnih granica za svaku kritičnu kontrolnu tačku 4. Monitoring – sistem praćenja za svaku kritičnu kontrolnu tačku je ključni element

u oceni da li je proizvod/proces proizveden/sproveden na način koji omogućava kontrolu identi�kovane opasnosti.

5. Uspostavljanje korektivnih mera za svako odstupanje koje se može pojaviti 6. Uspostavljanje procedura veri�kacije sistema je vitalan korak za uspešno funkcio-

nisanje sistema menadzmenta bezbednošću proizvoda i predstavlja potvrdu da li je HACCP sistem funkcionalno implementiran.

7. Uspostavljanje dokumentacije i načina čuvanja zapisa.


Evidentna je potreba kompanija koje se bave proizvodnjom i prometovanjem dijetet-skih proizvoda da u svoj sistem poslovanja implementiraju zahteve dobre proizvođačke prakse kako bi primena HACCP principa imala smisla.

MANAGEMENT AND QUALITY ASSURANCE IN THE PRODUCTION O DIETARY PRODUCTSDavor J.Korčok¹, Ivana Baralić¹, Marina Korčok²¹Abela Pharm d.o.o., Belgrade, Serbia²Medica Pharma, Belgrade, Serbia

Dietary supplements are pharmaceutical dosage forms, which represents the concen-trated sources of nutrients or other substances with a nutritional or physiological e�ect. The use of dietary supplement is widespread in developed and economically stable countries, and recently in our country. The question about the safety is often raised and it is important to de�ne Good Manufacturing Practice for this group of products, in or-der to provide the guidelines for the manufacturers how to organize the premises and manufacturing equipment. Only safe, e�ective and high-quality dietary supplements can be marketed.

In order to ful�ll the basic requirements, it is absolutely necessary to pass a legisla-tion with precisely de�ned terms of quality and safety. According to the Regulations on the safety of dietary products in Serbia, HACCP principles should be applied in the dietary supplements production. The basis for the ful�llment of the principles of HACCP is Good Manufacturing Practice, a clearly de�ned standard which ensures that products are consistently produced and controlled in accordance with the quality standards ap-propriate to their intended use.

Basic principles of Good Manufaturing Practice are:

• Manufacturingprocessesareclearlydefinedandcontrolled,accordingtothepre-vious experience. They have to ensure consistency in quality and compliance with speci�cations.

• Allcriticalstagesof themanufacturingprocessandchangestotheproccessarevalidated.

• AlltheconditionsrequiredbyGoodManufacturingPractice,includingcompetentand appropriately quali�ed personnel, appropriate premises, equipment and maintenance, are provided.

• Approvedstandardiinstructionsandproceduresarewritteninclearandunambig-uous language and adjusted to the existing conditions.

• Personnelaretrainedtocarryoutanddocumentprocedures.• Recordsaremadeduringmanufacturethatdemonstratethatallthestepsrequired

by the de�ned procedures and instructions were in fact taken and that the quantity and quality of the drug was as expected.

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• Recordsofmanufacturearemadeandretainedinarequiredformtoenablethecomplete history of a batch to be traced.

• Productionminimizesanyrisktotheirquality.• Asystemisavailableforrecallinganybatchofproductfromsaleorsupply.

Unlike the Good Manufacturing Practices, HACCP is not a standard, but a principle that is a tool for assessing the risk to the security of this type of product. There are seven HACCP principles, as follows:

1. Hazard analysis is a process of gathering and evaluating informations about safety hazards and the conditions necessery for their appearance.

2. Identify critical control points - is a step at which control can be applied and, as a result, a safety hazard can be prevented or eliminated or reduced to an acceptable level.

3. Establish critical limits for each critical control point. 4. Monitoring - Monitoring activities at each critical control point are very important

to evaluate if the product/process is manufactured/ conducted in a way that en-ables the controll of the hazard.

5. Establish corrective actions for the deviation that might appear.6. Establishing the procedures for ensuring the HACCP system is vital step for the

successful manegement for product safety and represents a veri�cation that the HACCP plan is adequately implemented.

7. Establish record keeping procedures

The manufacturers and distributor of the dietary supplements need to implement the requirements of the Good Manufacturing Practice so the application of the HACCP prin-ciples could be meaningfull.

25. ULOGA I ZNAČAJ BIOETIČKIH RAZMATRANJA NA POLJU KOMUNIKACIJE I MEDIJASvetozar Umićević, Danijel ApostolovićFakultet za primenjenu ekologiju- Istraživačko razvojni centar, Univerzitet Singidunum, Beograd

Ljudska kultura počinje da se unapredjuje i značajnije razvija sa sposobnošću čoveka da stvara različite simbole. Sama komunikacija je bitan i suštinski deo ljudskog bića jer se komunikacijom informacije dalje prenose.

Usvajanjem novih informacija mogu da se menjaju već formirani stavovi, tako što se unapređuju, a nekada i unazađuju budući da često dovode do usvajanja štetnih ob-razaca ponašanja i navika. U savremenom svetu mediji masovnih komunikacija pred-stavljaju značajan put za tok informacija. Baš zbog toga, najveća pažnja u analizama je posvećena njima.

Mesto i uloga medija na polju komunikacije kojim se prenose informacije o lekovitim sredstvima i različitim suplementima su veoma bitni. Budući da se ovde radi o persua-zivnom načinu komunikacije u kojem prodavac usluge,leka ili lekovitog sredstva ubeđu-je kupca tj.pacijenta da se opredeli upravo za taj proizvod tj baš to sredstvo bilo da


ga sam koristi ili preporuči trećem licu.Krajnja istina o odredjenom proizvodu može da se dobije tek kada potpuno ogolimo sadržaj informacije, tj. kada dodjemo do pravih i konačnih namera onoga ko plasira ovakvu informaciju. U tom smislu, velika je uloga i odgovornost onoga ko informaciju „kreira“ (enkodira), a važan je i sam način na koji se ona plasira i sadržaja koji prenosi, a koji dekodira često pažljivo targetirana publika.

Stoga, kontrola ovakvih tokova informacija mora da bude poverena različitim regula-tornim telima, strukovnim udruženjima, ali stručnjacima iz domena etike i bioetike i uopšte društvenih nauka.

Bioetika, kao relativno mlada interdisciplinarna nauka, počela je da se razvija u pro-šlom veku u Americi, a nešto kasnije i u Evropi kao izvojena disciplina u etici. Uloga i značaj bioetike na polju komunikacije i medija u vezi sa informacijama o lekovitim sred-stvima i suplementima je da ukaže i skrene pažnju na dobre i loše namere pošiljaoca informacije, kao i na to da podstakne sve činioce u lancu tokova informacije da u centar interesa stavlja čoveka kao biće od apsolutnog značaja bilo da se u komunikaciji koristi paternalistički odnos, odnos slobodnog izbora ili odnos zajedničkog izbora.

Ključne reči: ljudska kultura, mediciji, informacije, komukacija, lekovita sredstva i suple-menti, bioetika

THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF BIOETHICAL CONIDERATIONS IN THE FIELD OF COMMUNICATION AND MEDIASvetozar Umićević, Danijel ApostolovićFaculty of Applied Ecology - Research and Development Center, University Singidunum, Belgrade

With the man’s ability to create di�erent symbols human culture has begun to promote and develop signi�cantly. Communication itself is an important and essential part of the human being. Thanks to it, the information is being transmitted and communicated to others.

Adoption of new information may change the previously formed attitudes, so as to im-prove and sometimes retard since they often lead to the adoption of harmful behavior and habits. In the modern world, mass media communication is an important way for the �ow of information. Just because of that, most of the attention in the analysis is devoted to them.

The place and role of the media in the �eld of communication, through which the infor-mation about medicaments and di�erent supplements is being communicated, is very important. It’s necessary to underline that this is a persuasive model of communication in which a seller of services, drug or medicinal means is convincing the customer (pa-tient) to buy its products to use it or recommend it to the third party.

The �nal truth about a particular product can only be available when we expose the complete information content, ie. When you get to the real and ultimate intentions of who sells this information. In that sense, this is the role and responsibility of the party

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information “creates” (encodes), is an important and a way in which it is placed and the content is transferred, which decodes the often carefully targeted audience.

Therefore, the control of such information �ows needs to be conferred to various reg-ulatory bodies, expert societies, but also to the experts from the �elds of ethics and bioethics and social sciences in general.

As a relatively recent inter-disciplinary science, bioethics has started to develop during the previous century in the United States, and later on in Europe as well as a separate �eld of ethics. The role and importance of bioethics in the �eld of communication and media in relation with the information on medicines and supplements is to point out and draw the attention to the good and the bad intentions of the information sender, as well as to encourage all links in the information �ow chain to place a human being into the focus as a being of the utmost importance, regardless of the relation of communica-tion implemented that is paternalistic relation, relation of free choice or mutual choice.

Keywords: human culture, media, information, communication, medicines and sup-plements, bioethics

.

DRUGI DAN KONGRESASECOND CONGRESS DAY

USMENE PREZENTACIJE IIORAL PRESENTATIONS II


26. SUPLEMENTACIJA U PROMOCIJI ZDRAVLJA, INFORMISANOST PACIJENATA O DIJETETSKIM SUPLEMENTIMA SA OMEGA-3 MASNIM KISELINAMAMirjana Đermanović¹, Slobodan Stanić², Ljubica Bojanić¹¹Institut za javno zdravstvo Republike Srpske, Banja Luka, Republika Srpska²Ministarstvo zdravlja i socijalne zaštite Republike Srpske, Banja Luka, Republika Srpska

Uvod: SZO je krajem XX vijeka donijela globalnu strategiju „Zdravlje za sve u 21. vijeku“ sa jednim jedinim ciljem a to je postići pun zdravstveni potencijal za sve. Dva osnovna pravca vode ovom cilju a to su: smanjenje incidence i oboljevanja od vodećih bolesti i povreda i promocija i zaštita ljudskog zdravlja tokom cijelog života. U okviru ove glo-balne strategije posebno je naglašen značaj preventive. Zahvaljujući preventivnim mje-rama razvijene zemlje su postigle bitne rezultate u prevenciji nastanka bolesti kao i u očuvanju i unapređenju zdravlja svog stanovništva. Očuvanje javnog zdravlja je skup naučnih i stručnih aktivnosti na prevenciji bolesti, promociji zdravlja i produženju sa-mog života stanovništva kroz organizovane napore društva.

Metodologija: Istraživanje smo sproveli među 100 pacijenata oba pola starosne strukture od 18 do 72 godine, različitog stepena obrazovanja, sa područja grada Banja Luka. Svi su popunjavali anonimnu i dobrovoljnu anketu – upitnik koji se sastojao od 10 pitanja.

Rezultati: Dijetetske suplemente sa omega 3 masnim kiselinama koristilo je 23 % an-ketiranih (n=23). Od ovih pacijenata koji koriste dijetetske suplemente sa omega 3 ma-snim kiselinama 60,86% (n=14) ih smatra da im je koristilo korištenje ovih preparata. Na pitanje da li smatraju da su dovoljno informisani o ovim preparatima 71% (n=71) je odgovorilo odrečno. Podijeljena su mišljena da ovi preparati uzrokuju više negativnih nego pozitivnih efekata. Skoro tri četvrtine anketiranih (n=71 ili 71%) smatra da su ovi preparati rezultat želje farmaceutskih kuća za većim pro�tom.

Zaključak: Nepovjerenje i strah od neželjenih dejstava uzrokovali su nizak procenat pacijenata koji koriste ove preparate. Anketa je pokazala da naši sugradjani smatraju da nisu dovoljno informisani o dijetetskim suplementim koji sadrže omega 3 masne kiseline. Pohvalno je saznanje da je svijest o mogućim neželjenim dejstvima na relativno visokom nivou.

Ključne reči: Dijetetski suplementi, omega 3 masne kiseline, informisanost

SUPPLEMENTS IN HEALTH PROMOTION: PATIENTS’ AWARENESS ABOUT DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS WITH OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDSMirjana Đermanović¹, Slobodan Stanić², Ljubica Bojanić¹¹Public Health Institute, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska²Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska

Introduction: WHO has brought global strategy “Health for All in the 21st Century” at the end of the 20th century, with one goal: to achieve full health potential for all. Two main directions lead to this goal as follows: reducing the incidence and morbidity of ma-

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jor diseases and injuries and the promotion and protection of human health throughout whole lifetime. As a part of this global strategy, the importance of prevention is empha-sized in particular. Thanks to preventive measures, developed countries have achieved signi�cant results in the prevention of illness and the protection and improvement of the health of population in their countries. Preservation of public health is a number of scienti�c and technical activities on disease prevention, health promotion, and extend-ing the lifetime of the population through the organized e�orts of society.

Methodology: The research was conducted among 100 patients of both sexes aged from 18-72, with di�erent levels of education, from the area of Banja Luka. All of them �lled in an anonymous and voluntary survey - a questionnaire that consisted of 10 ques-tions.

Results: 23% of respondents (n = 23) have used dietary supplements with omega 3 fatty acids. 60.86% (n = 14) of them believe in e�ciency of these preparations. When asked whether they think that they are su�ciently informed about these preparations, 71% (n = 71) of them said no. There are di�erent opinions whether these preparations cause more negative than positive e�ects. Almost three quarters of respondents (N71 or 71%) believe that these preparations re�ect the desire of pharmaceutical companies for higher pro�ts.

Conclusion: Mistrust and fear of side e�ects caused that these drugs are used by low percentage of patients. The survey showed that our citizens believe that they are not su�ciently informed about the dietary supplements containing omega-3 fatty acids. It is commendable to know that the awareness about potential side e�ects is on a rela-tively high level.

Keywords: Dietary supplements, omega 3 fatty acids, awareness

27. SADRŽAJ TEŠKIH METALA OLOVA, KADMIJUMA I ŽIVE U DIJETETSKIM SUPLEMENTIMA ZA REGULACIJU TJELESNE TEŽINE PRISUTNIM NA TRŽIŠTU REPUBLIK SRPSKEMirjana Đermanović¹, Biljana Lazić¹, Slobodan Stanić², Ljubica Bojanić¹¹Institut za javno zdravstvo Republike Srpske²Ministarstvo zdravlja i socijalne zaštite Republike Srpske

Uvod: Gojaznost je ozbiljno hronično oboljenje koje može dovesti do mnogih medi-cinskih komplikacija koje umanjuju kvalitet i skraćuju dužinu života. Sve do nedavno gojaznost se smatrala više estetskim nego zdravstvenim problemom ali danas se sa si-gurnošću zna da ona predstavlja rizik za nastanak brojnih bolesti poput ateroskleroze, dijabetesa, hipertenzije, hiperholesterolemije idr. Kao jednu od podjela dijetetskih su-plemenata za regulaciju tjelesne težine možemo navesti onu koja ih dijeli na preparate koji su kombinacija laksativa i diuretika, preparate koji su apsorberi masti, preparate koji ubrzavaju metabolizam, preparate koji djeluju na centar za glad i sitost i preparate koji dovode do sagorijevanja masti.


Metodologija: Uzorci su analizirani u laboratoriji za sanitarnu hemije Instituta za javno zdravstvo Republike Srpske u toku 2009, 2010, 2011 i 2012 godine. Priprema uzoraka je vršena metodom suvog spaljivanja i sva ispitivanja rađena su u duplikatu. Analiza olova, kadmijuma i žive u prikupljenim uzorcima rađena je metodom atomske apsorpcione spektrofotometrije, plamenom i tehnikom hladnih para, na Unicam Solar 969 atom-skom apsorpcionom spektrofotometru. Svi reaktivi bili su p.a. čistoće.

Rezultati: Sadržaj teških metala olova, kadmijuma i žive bio je redom < 0.05mg/kg, < 0.05mg/kg i < 0.02mg/kg.

Zaključak: Rezultati su ohrabrujući kada ih poredimo sa maksimalno dozvoljenim ko-ličinama za određene kontaminante u hrani jer u svim ispitivanim uzorcima sadržaj ispitivanih teških metala bio je ispod maksimalno dozvoljenih količina ustanovljenih nacionalnom regulativom (Pravilniku o maksimalno dozvoljenim količinama za određene kontaminante u hrani, Sl. Gl. BIH 37/09). Ali treba napomenuti da je ukupan broj analizi-ranih proizvoda u odnosu na broj proizvoda koji se danas nalaze u prometu, sa obzirom na popularnost date grupe proizvoda, još mali.

Ključne reči: dijetetski suplementi, atomska apsorpciona spektrofotometrija, teški metali

CONTENT OF HEAVY METALS SUCH AS LEAD, CADMIUM AND MERCURY IN THE DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS FOR BODY WEIGHT MANAGEMENT, PRESENT ON THE MARKET OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKAMirjana Đermanović¹, Biljana Lazić¹, Slobodan Stanić², Ljubica Bojanić¹¹Public Health Institute, Republic of Srpska²Ministry of Health and Social Welfare

Introduction: Obesity is a serious chronic disease that can lead to many medical complica-tions that impair quality of life and shorten life expectancy. Until recently, obesity was con-sidered to be more aesthetic than a health problem, but now we know with certainty that obesity includes a risk for many diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia etc. One of the systematization of dietary supplements for weight management is the one that divides them into products that are a combination of laxatives and diuretics, products that are fat absorbers, products that accelerate metabolism, medi-cines that act on the hunger and satiety centre and products that cause fat burning.

Methodology: Samples are analyzed in the Sanitary Chemistry Laboratory of Public Health Institute, Republic of Srpska, during 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012. Sample prepara-tion was performed by dry ashing and all tests were performed in duplicate. Analysis of lead, cadmium and mercury in the collected samples was performed by atomic absorp-tion spectrophotometry, with �ame and cold vapor technique on a Unicam Solar 969 atomic absorption spectrophotometer. All reagents were p.a. purity grade.

Results: The content of heavy metals (lead, cadmium and mercury) was: Lead <0.05mg/kg, Cadmium <0.05mg/kg and Mercury <0.02mg/kg.

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Conclusion: The results are encouraging in comparing with the maximum permitted levels for certain contaminants in food, because heavy metals content in all tested sam-ples was below the maximum allowable amount established by national legislation (Regulations on maximum permitted levels for certain contaminants in foodstu�s Sl. Gl. BIH 37/09). It should be noted that the total number of analyzed products is still small, in comparison to the number of products that are on the market today, considering the popularity of this group of products.

Keywords: Dietary supplements, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, heavy metals

28. DIJETETSKI SUPLEMENTI I UPOTREBA ADITIVA – PRIMENA NOVE ZAKON-SKE REGULATIVE Milica Zrnić1, Ivan Stanković1, Brižita Đorđević1, Jovana Vignjević2

1Institut za Bromatologiju, Farmaceutski fakultet, Beograd, Srbija2Klinički centar Srbije, Služba za farmaceutsku delatnost i snabdevanje

Upotreba aditiva u dijetetskim suplementima regulisana je novim Pravilnikom o prehram-benim aditivima, „Službeni Glasnik RS“, broj 63/2013 (u daljem tekstu Pravilnik) koji je usa-glašen sa regulativom Evropske Unije (EU). Novi Pravilnik zamenjuje Pravilnik o kvalitetu i uslovima upotrebe aditiva u namirnicama i o drugim zahtevima za aditive i njihove me-šavine („Sl. list SCG“, br. 56/2003, 4/2004 – dr. pravilnik, 5/2004 – ispr. i 16/2005). Prelazni period za usklađivanje poslovanja sa novim odredbama Pravilnika je 12 meseci.

Cilj ovog rada bio je prikaz novina nakon usvajanja novog Pravilnika. Aditivi se deklarišu na-vođenjem naziva ili E broja i funkcionalne klase prema osnovnoj tehnološkoj funkciji aditiva koju de�niše proizvođač. Pravilnikom je de�nisano 18 kategorija hrane. Posebnu kategoriju hrane predstavljaju dodaci ishrani (dijetetski suplementi), osim dodataka ishrani za odojčad i malu decu, koji se dalje klasi�kuju kao: 1) dodaci ishrani koji su u prometu u čvrstom obliku, uključujući kapsule, tablete i slične oblike, osim oblika za žvakanje; 2) dodaci ishrani koji su u prometu u tečnom obliku i 3) dodaci ishrani koji su u prometu u obliku sirupa ili u obliku za žvakanje. Lista aditiva odobrenih za upotrebu u hrani sastoji se iz 3 dela: boje, zaslađivači i ostali aditivi (osim boja i zaslađivača). Neke od izmena koje je doneo Pravilnik odnose se i na proširenje liste dozvoljenih aditiva. Na listi se nalazi 13 novih aditiva, od čega su 4 zaslađivača (E960, E961, E964 i E968) a preostali su iz grupe ostali aditivi (E319, E392, E426, E427, E462, E1203, E1204, E1452 i E1521). U odnosu na prethodno važeću listu, nova lista ne sadrži sle-deće aditive: E128, E154, E160f, E216, E217, E467 i E558. U posebnom delu Pravilnika, aditivi su razvrstani u 5 grupa (grupa I, grupa II - boje dozvoljene u količini quantum satis, grupa III - boje čije su količine ograničene kada se koriste pojedinačno ili u kombinaciji, grupa IV - polioli i grupa V - ostali aditivi koji mogu biti korišćeni u kombinaciji). Novinu predstavlja i navođenje posebnog upozorenja ukoliko proizvod sadrži neku od sledećih 6 boja: E102, E104, E110, E122, E124 i E129 (Prilog 3) koje će se primenjivati od 1.januara 2014. godine.

Zaključak: Izmena postojeće regulative za aditive ima za cilj da se njihova upotreba uskladi sa propisima u EU. I pored toga, neophodno je kontinuirano praćenje novih na-učnih saznanja kao i međunarodnih propisa i standarda vezanih za ovu oblast i njihova


primena na nivou nacionalnih propisa kako bi se u svakom trenutku osigurao visok nivo zaštite zdravlja ljudi i zaštite interesa potrošača.

Ključne reči: dijetetski proizvodi, aditivi, regulativa

DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS AND THE USE OF ADDITIVES – APPLICATION OF NEW LEGISLATIONMilica Zrnić1, Ivan Stanković1, Brižita Đorđević1, Jovana Vignjević2

1Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade University2Clinical Center of Serbia, Department of Pharmacy

The use of additives in food supplements regulated by a new Regulation on food addi-tives, “O�cial Gazette RS“, No. 63/2013 (hereinafter referred to as Regulation) that com-plies with the regulations of the European Union (EU). The new Regulation replaced with the Regulation on the quality and conditions of use of additives in food and other requirements for additives and their mixtures (“O�cial Gazette RS“, No. 56/2003, 4/2004 , 5/2004, 16/2005). The transitional period for compliance with the new provisions of the Regulation is 12 months.

The aim of this study was to evaluate novelty after the adoption of the new Regulation. Ad-ditives are declared by specifying the name or E number and their functional class according to the basic function de�ned by the manufacturer. According to Regulation, there are 18 categories of food. A special category of foods are dietary supplements, except dietary sup-plements for infants and young children, further classi�ed as: 1) dietary supplements in solid form including capsules, tablets or similar forms, except chewing tablets; 2) dietary supple-ments in liquid form, and 3) dietary supplements that are available as syrup or chewing tab-lets. List of additives approved for use in food has 3 parts: colors, sweeteners and other addi-tives (except colors and sweeteners). Some of the changes issued by Regulation refer to the expansion of the list of permitted additives. The list includes 13 new additives, and those are 4 sweeteners (E960, E961, E964 and E968) and the remaining ones are from the group of oth-er additives (E319, E392, E426, E427, E462, E1203, E1204, E1452 and E1521). Compared with the previous list, the new list does not contain following additives: E128, E154, E160f, E216, E217, E467 and E 558. In a special section of Regulation, additives are divided into5 groups (group I, group II - colors allowed in the amount of quantum satis, group III - colors whose quantities are limited when used alone or in combination, group IV - polyols and group V - other additives that can be used in combination). A novelty is an obligation to write a special warning if the dietary supplement contains any of the following 6 colors: E102, E104, E110, E122, E124 and E129 (Appendix3), which will be applied from1 January2014.

Conclusion: The aim of changing existing regulations for additives is to adjust their usage with EU regulations. Nevertheless, it is necessary to continuously monitor new scienti�c �ndings as well as international regulations and standards related to this �eld and their application at the national regulations to ensure in any moment a high level of protection of human health and consumers’ interests.

Keywords: dietary supplements, additives, Regulation

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29. GC-MS ANALIZA ISPARLJIVIH SASTOJAKA GLJIVE Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.) Murrill (Polyporaceae)Marina Kolundžić, Tatjana KundakovićKatedra za farmakognoziju, Farmaceutski fakultet, Beograd, Srbija

Uvod: Šumsko pile (Laetiporus sulphureus) je parazitska gljiva, koja raste na živim lišća-rima, ređe četinarima. Klobuk je velik, mesnat lepezastog oblika. Gornja površina je sve-tložuta do narandžasto-crvena, dok su cevčice na donjoj strani klobuka karakteristično sumporasto žute. Gljiva je jestiva, dok je mlada. Nakon termičke obrade dobija izuzetno prijatan ukus na pileće belo meso. Novija istraživanja pokazuju da ova vrsta pored nutri-tivne vrednosti, poseduje i lekovita svojstva.

Metodologija: Destilacijom vodenom parom iz svežeg, prethodno usitnjenog materi-jala izolovana je isparljiva frakcija. Metodom ekstrakcije po Soxhletu dobijen je petrole-tarski ekstrakt, koji je uparen do suva, i analiziran gasnom hromatogra�jom (GC-MS i GC-FID). Takođe, svež uzorak je ispitivan GC headspace metodom. Identi�kacija jedinjenja izvršena je na osnovu dobijenih masenih spektara, poređenjem sa postojećom bazom podataka i literaturnim podacima.

Rezultati: U isparljivoj frakciji dobijenoj destilacijom pomoću vodene pare identi�kova-ni su 1-okten-3-ol, 3-oktanol, palmitinska kiselina i etilestar linolenske kiseline. Heads-pace metoda takođe ukazuje na prisustvo 3-oktanola, ali i steroidnih sastojaka. U petro-letarskom ekstraktu dokazano je prisusvo alifatičnih alkana (oktan, eikozan, tetrakozan, pentakozan, heksakozan, heptakozan, oktakozan), kao i prisustvo 4-heptanola.

Zaključak: Rezultati GC-MS analize ukazuju na prisustvo isparljivih sastojaka koji pri-padaju alifatičnim (masnim) alkoholima, zasićenim dugolančanim ugljovodonicima i masnim kiselinama.

Ključne reči: Laetiporus sulphureus, isparljive komponente, 3-oktanol.

Autori se zahvaljuju Ministarstvu prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije (Projekti 173021, 34012) za �nansijsku podršku.

GC-MS ANALYSIS OF VOLATILE COMPOUNDS OF MUSHROOM Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.) Murrill (Polyporaceae)Marina Kolundžić, Tatjana KundakovićDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia

Introduction: Chicken of the woods mushroom (Laetiporus sulphureus) is a parasitic fungus that grows on living hardwoods, rare conifers. Cap is a large, �eshy shape of a fan. The upper surface is light yellow to orange-red, while the tube at the bottom of the cap characteristic sulfur yellow. The fungus is edible when young. After heat treatment gets extremely pleasant �avor to chicken breasts. Besides nutritive values, recent re-searches showed medicinal properties of this fungus.

Methodology: Volatile fraction was isolated by steam distillation of fresh, pre-crushed


material. Petroleum ether extract was obtained by Soxhlet extraction, evaporated to dryness, and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC-MS and GC-FID). Also, a fresh sample was tested by GC headspace method. Identi�cation of compounds was done on the basis of their mass spectra, comparing with existing databases and literature data.

Results: In volatile fraction obtained by steam distillation 1-octene-3-ol, 3-octanol, pal-mitic acid and linoleic acid ethylester were identi�ed. Headspace method also indicates the presence of 3-octanol and steroid compounds. The analysis of petroleum ether ex-tract has shown the presence of aliphatic alkanes (octane, eicosane, tetracosane, penta-cosane, hexacosane, heptacosane, octacosane), and of 4-heptanol.

Conclusion: The results of GC-MS analysis showed the presence of volatile compounds be-longing to the aliphatic (fatty) alcohols, long-chain saturated hydrocarbons and fatty acids.

Keywords: Laetiporus sulphureus, volatile components, 3-octanol.

The authors wish to express their gratitude to the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (Project No. 173021, 34012) for �nancial support.

30. ZAMENA ZA OBROK I NJENA PRIMENA U OKVIRU HIPOKALORIJSKE DIJETELorena Ilić, Svetlana Pejić GerićSpecijalistička lekarska ordinacija opšte medicine “Protekal”, Beograd, Srbija

Gojaznost je hronična bolest, koja se odlikuje prekomernim nakupljanjem masti u orga-nizmu i povećanjem telesne težine. Predstavlja ozbiljan zdravstveni problem, sa velikim brojem pridruženih komorbiditeta, komplikacija i poremećaja zdravlja. Najčesće kom-plikacije su hiperlipidemije, arterijska hipertenzija, kardiovaskularna oboljenja, diabe-tes tip 2, i veća učestalost izvesnih malignih oboljenja. Javlja se najčešće kao posledica loših životnih navika ( loše izbalansirana ishrana, sedetarni način života uz apsolutno odsustvo �zičke aktivnosti, stres i dr.) i genetske predispozicije. Svako povećanje BMI preko 25 -30 se smatra prekomernom uhranjenošću, a preko 30 gojaznošću.U cilju regulisanja telesne težine postoji veliki broj hipokalorijskih dijeta, koje se izvode sa-mostalno, proizvoljno, bez pravilnih i jasnih preporuka. Posledica takvog načina redukcije telesne težine može da dovede do ozbiljnih zdravstvenih i psiholoških problema. Zamena za obrok predstavlja jedan od retkih proizvoda koji je preporučen i podržan od strane evropske medicinske javnosti. Ako se primenjuje u okviru tačno de�nisanog programa hipokalorijske dijete, omogućava brz, e�kasan i zdrav način redukcije telesne težine kod osoba koje imaju do 10 kg telesne težineda izgube. Osobe koje treba da izgube više od 10 kilograma ili boluju od hroničnih bolesti, trebalo bi da program mr-šavljenja sprovode pod lekarskom kontrolom.Zamene za obrok, bilo kog proizvođača, proizvedene su po zakonskoj regulativi, po čijoj de�niciji sadrže:

» 200-400 kCal po obroku, » Adekvatnu količinu proteina za održavanje mišićne mase » Adekvatnu količinu složenih ugljenih hidrata koji obezbeđuju dugotrajnu energiju

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» Malu, ali dovoljnu količinu masti, naročito esencijalnih masnih kiselina » Vlakna, da obezbede osećaj sitosti » Vitamine i minerale (30% PDU), sa ciljem da preveniraju nedostatak u ishrani.

Po svom sastavu su svrstani u dijetetske proizvode. Preporučuje se zamena 1-2 obroka na dan.Zamene za obrok :• Omogućavaju da se izgube kilogrami na zdrav način u okviru hipokalorijske dijete ,

zahvaljujući bogatstvu mikro i makro nutritijenata u svom sastavu.• Omogućavaju da se u okviru dijete održi raznovrsna ishrana, jer se mogu kombino-

vati sa svakodnevnim namirnicama u okviru istog i u drugim obrocima.• Dijete koje se sprovode sa zamenom za obrok su lake za sprovođenje i sigurne.

Zamene za obrok su brze za pripremu i time se pojednostavljuje unos laganog i kompletnog obroka.

• Ekonomski su isplative• Pri korišćrnju zamena za obrok je dokazano da postoji dobar odnos primene i po-

stignutih rezultata u smanjenju telesne težine i održavanju postignutih rezultata.• E�kasnost zamene za obrok je predstavljena u velikom broju naučnih radova, u kojima

se ističu pozitivna dejstva njene primene, bez i jednog propratnog negativnog efekta.• Zamena za obrok primenjena u određenim programima hipokalorijskih dijeta ima

za cilj da edukuje širu populaciju u promeni stila života i načina ishrane, kao i kon-trolisanom unosu visokokaloričnih namirnica kasnije po prestanku dijete.

• U toku hipokalorijskih dijeta sa zamenom za obrok neophodno je uvođenje �zičke aktivnosti i stvaranje svakodnevnih zdravih životnih navika.

• Zamena za obrok mogu biti u različitim oblicima, kao: napici, kremovi, supe, jela, čokoladice...

Na našem tržištu postoji veoma mali broj dostupnih zamena za obrok. Jedan od njih je OPTI - zamena za obrok. Kesice OPTI - zamene za obrok sadrže 35 – 60 grama hranljivih sastojaka u obliku praha. Omogućava adekvatnu supstituciju svih hranljivih materija jednog kvalitetnog I raznovrsnog obroka. Primenjuje se i preporučuje:

1. U cilju smanjenja telesne težine ( 2 programa mršavljenja)2. U cilju održavanja postojeće �gure3. Pre ili posle treninga u teretani ili drugom sportu4. U stanjima organizma gde su pojačani zahtevi za unosom gradivnih i energetskih materija

(period rasta i razvoja, starije osobe, posle operacija, u toku bolesti...)5. U svim situacijama kad ne postoji mogućnost pripreme zdravog obroka, kod oso-

ba koje su pristalice zdravog života I vode računa o svom �zičkom izgledu.U poređenju sa drugim, proizvoljnim hipokalorijskim dijetama, dijete koje se primenjuju sa zamenom za obrok obezbeđuju sve gradivne i energetske dnevne potrebe organiz-ma. Uz pomoć zamene za obrok se u organizam unose esencijalne masne kiseline, ami-nokiseline, vitamini i minerali, koji su često u de�citu u drugim dijetama, što dovodi do malnutricije, astenije i pada imuniteta. Zahvaljujući navedenom može se zaključiti da hipokalorijske dijete koje se izvode sa zamenom za obrok dovode do e�kasne redukcije telesne težine, bez propratnih i neželjenih pojava. Ključne reči: zamena za obrok, gojaznost, hipokalorijska dijeta, Opti.


MEAL REPLECEMENT AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE HYPOCALORICAL DIETLorena Ilić, Svetlana Pejić GerićSpecijalistička lekarska ordinacija opšte medicine “Protekal”, Beograd, Srbija

Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by excessive accumulation of body fat and weight gain. It is a serious health problem, with a number of associated co-morbidities, complications and health disorders. The most common complications are hyperlipid-emia, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and higher incidence of certain malignancies. It occurs most often as a result of bad habits (badly balanced diet, sedentary lifestyle with absolute lack of physical activity, stress, etc..) And genetic pre-disposition. Any increase in BMI over 25 -30 is considered excessive eating disorders and obesity over 30.In order to regulate body weight there are many hypocalorical diets that are performed independently, arbitrarily, without proper and clear recommendations. The conse-quence of this way of weight loss can lead to serious health and psychological problems.Meal replacement is one of the few products that are recommended and supported by the European medical public. If applied correctly de�ned in the program of hypo-calorical diet, it enables fast, e�cient and healthy weight loss in people who have up to 10 kg of body weight to lose. People who need to lose more than 10 pounds or are su�ering from chronic diseases, should be carried out through a weight loss program under medical supervision.Meal replacement of any manufacturer is produced by legislation, by whose de�nition include:

» 200-400 kcal per meal » An adequate amount of protein to maintain muscle mass » An adequate amount of complex carbohydrates that provide long-lasting energy » A small but su�cient amount of fats, especially essential fatty acid » Fibers, to provide a feeling of fullness » Vitamins and minerals (30% PDU), in order to prevent a de�ciency in the diet.

Upon their composition they are classi�ed as dietary supplements. It is recommended 1-2 replacement servings a day.Meal replacement:• It allows to lose weight in a healthy way in the hypocalorical diet, thanks to the

wealth of micro and makronutritijenata within it..• Allow to maintain the balanced diet, because it can be combined with everyday

foods within the same and other meals.• Diets which are conducted with the meal replacement are easy to implement and

secure. Meal replacement are quick to prepare, thus simplifying the input light and full meals.

• Economic cost e�ective• Using meal replacement has been proved to be a good relationship between the

application and the achieved results in the reduction of body weight and maintain the results achieved..

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• The e�ciency of replacement of meals is featured in a number of scienti�c papers, which emphasize the positive e�ects of its application, without any accompanying negative e�ects.

• Meal replacement programs implemented in certain programs of hipokalorical diets aim to educate the general population in the change of lifestyle and diet, and controlled food intake of high calorical suuplies later after the termination of a child.

• During hypocalorical diet with meal replacement is necessary to introduce physical activity and making everyday healthy habits.

• Replacement of the meal can be in various forms, such as: drinks, creams, soups, meats, chocolates ...

In our market, there are very few available meal replacement. One of them is OPTI - meal replacement. Bags of OPTI - meal replacement contain 35 - 60 grams of nutrients in powder form. It allows adequate substitution of one nutrient quality and varied meal. It is used and recommended:

1. In order to reduce the weight (2 weight loss programs)2. In order to maintain the existing �gures3. Before or after a workout at the gym or other sports4. In situations where the organism increased requirements for entering the building

blocks of energy and matter (the period of growth and development, the elderly, after surgery, during illness ...)

5. In situations where there is no possibility of preparing healthy meals for people who are supporters of healthy life and take care of their physical appearance.

Compared with other arbitrary hypocalorical diets, diets that are applied to the replace-ment of a meal provide all the building blocks and energy daily needs. With the help of replacement of meals essential fatty acids are assimilated , amino acids, vitamins and min-erals, which are often in de�cit in the other diets, leading to malnutrition, asthenia and low immunity. Thanks to this, we can conclude that hypocalorical diet running with a meal replacement lead to e�ective weight loss without any side e�ects and adverse events.Keywords: meal replacement, obesity, hypocalorical diet, Opti.

31. SADRŽAJ UKUPNIH POLIFENOLA, FLAVONOIDA I ANTIOKSIDATIVNI PO-TENCIJAL CRNOG I BELOG GROŽĐA, JABUKE, KRUŠKE I ŠLJIVEVanja Todorović1, Slađana Šobajic1, Zoran Todorović2

1Farmaceutski fakultet, Vojvode Stepe 450, Beograd;2Tehnološki fakultet, Bulevar Oslobođenja 124, Leskovac

Uvod: Polifenolna jedinjenja su najrasprostanjeniji sekundarni metaboliti biljaka. Ne-koliko hiljada polifenolnih jedinjenja identi�kovano je u jestivim biljkama. Najznačajni-ji izvori polifenolnih jedinjenja su: voće, povrće, čokolada, čajevi, crno vino, kafa, pivo, voćni sokovi itd. Fenolna jedinjenja, posebno �avonoidi, imaju jako izraženu antioksida-tivnu i antiradikalsku aktivnost, i zbog toga im se pripisuju brojna terapijska delovanja. Cilj rada bila je kvanti�kacija ukupnih polifenola, �avonoida i antioksidativnog potenci-


jala u ekstraktima kore i oljuštenog ploda voća (crno i belo grožđe, jabuka, kruška i šljiva) ubranog u okolini grada Leskovca.

Metodologija: Ukupni polifenoli određeni su metodom po Folin-Ciocalteu. Galna kiselina korišćena je kao standard, a dobijeni rezultati su izraženi kao ekvivalenti galne kiseline (GAE) u mg na 1 g svežeg voća. Ukupni �avonoidi određeni su metodom sa aluminijum-hloridom. Rutin je korišćen kao standard, a ukupan saržaj �avonoida je izražen kao mg rutina/ 1 g sve-žeg voća. Za određivanje antioksidativnog potencijala korišćen je DPPH test. Rezultati su izraženi jedinicama EC50 (koncentracijom ekstrakta koja je potrebna za neutralizaciju 50 % DPPH radikala). Paralelno je određen sadržaj ukupnih polifenola, �avonoida i antioksidativni potencijal kore i oljuštenih polodova voća: crno i belo grožđe, jabuka, kruška i šljiva.

Rezultati: Dobijeni rezultati prikazani su na gra�konima 1. i 2.

Gra�kon 1. Sadržaj ukupnih polifenola i �avonoida kore i oljuštenog ploda voća

Gra�kon 2. Antioksidativni potencijal kore i oljuštenog ploda voća

Zaključak: Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata, može se izvesti zaključak da je najbolji izvor polifenola i �avonoida uzorak kore crnog grožđa dok je najmanji sadržaj polifenola u uzorku oljuštenog ploda jabuke, a �avonoida u uzorku oljuštenog ploda belog grožđa. Najviši antioksidativni potencijal ima uzorak crnog grožđa (kako kora tako i oljušteni plod), a najniži uzorak oljuštenog ploda šljive.Ključne reči: crno grožđe, belo grožđe, jabuka, kruška, šljiva, ukupni polifenoli, GAE, ukupni �avonoidi, DPPH, EC50

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TOTAL POLYPHENOLS, FLAVONOIDS AND ANTIOXIDAT CAPACITY IN RED AND WITE GRAPES, APPLES, PEARS AND PLUMSVanja Todorović1, Slađana Šobajic1, Zoran Todorović2

1Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade;2Faculty of Technology, Leskovac, University of Niš

Introduction: Polyphenols are the main secondary products of plants. There are several thousands of di�erent polyphenols identi�ed from the edible plants. The most important source of polyphenols are: fruit, vegetables, chocolate, tea, red wine, co�ee, beer, juices etc. Phenols, specially �avonoids, have strong antioxidative and antiradical potential and be-cause of that a lot of therapeutical e�ects. The aim of this study was quantitation of total polyphenols, �avonoids and antioxidant capacity in extracts of peel and peeled fruit (red and white grapes, apples, pears and plums) which were harvested in the vicinity of Leskovac.Methodology: Total polyphenols content was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu method. Gallic acid used as a standard and the amount of total polyphenols was expressed as gal-lic acid equivalents (GAE) in mg/1 g fresh fruit. Total �avonoids content was determined using method with aluminum-chloride. Rutin used as a standard, and the amount of total �avonoids was expressed as rutin equivalents in mg/1 g fresh fruit. For determination of antioxidant capacities used DPPH-test. Results were expressed as EC50 value (the con-centration of extract required to neutralize 50% of DPPH radicals). At the same time, it is determined total polyphenols content, total �avonoids content and antioxidant capacity in peel and in peeled fruit (red and white grapes, apples, pears and plums).Results: Obtained results are given in graphs 1. and 2.Graph 1. Content of total polyphenols and �avonoids in peel and in peeled fruit

Graph 2. Antioxidant capacity from peel and from peeled fruit


Conclusion: Results obtained have shown that the best source of polyphenols and �avo-noids was red grapes’ peel, while the lowest content of polyphenols was determined in peeled apples, and �avonoids in peeled white grapes. The highest antioxidant activity was found in the red grape (equally in peel and peeled fruit), and the lowest in peeled plums.

Keywords: red and white grapes, apples, pears and plums, total polyphenols content, GAE, total �avonoids content, DPPH, EC50

32. SADRŽAJ UKUPNIH FENOLA I ANTIOKSIDANTNA AKTIVNOST DIJETETSKIH SUPLEMENATA SA FITOESTROGENIMAMira Bursać, Jelena Cvejić, Milica AtanackovićKatedra za farmaciju, Medicinski fakultet, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Srbija

Uvod: Dijetetski suplementi na bazi �toestrogena se najčešće preporučuju za ublažava-nje napada vrućine ili valunga kao čestih menopauzalnih tegoba. Dodatno, smatra se i da �toestrogeni mogu doprineti snižavanju holesterola, prevenciji osteoporoze, pa čak i prevenciji nekih hormon zavisnih karcinoma. Neki od pomenutih efekata se povezuju i sa antioksidantnom aktivnošću ovih jedinjenja. Suplementi koji se koriste u menopauzi uglavnom sadrže izo�avone soje (Glycine max) ili crvene deteline (Trifolium pratense), poznatih izvora biljnih estrogena. Metodologija: Analizirano je 6 dijetetskih suplemenata sa tržišta Srbije, od kojih su če-tiri (S1, S2, S3, S4) na bazi ekstrakta soje, a dva (S5, S6) na bazi ekstrakta crvene deteli-ne. Sadržaj izo�avona određivan je visoko e�kasnom tečnom hromatogra�jom (HPLC). Sadržaj ukupnih fenolnih jedinjenja određivan je spektrofotometrijski Folin-Ciocalteu reagensom uz upotrebu galne kiseline kao referentnog standarda, a antioksidantna ak-tivnost na osnovu reakcije sa DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil) slobodnim radikalom. Rezultati:Tabela. Sadržaj ukupnih izo�avona u dijetetskim suplementima po doziranoj jedinici (DJ) i odstupanje u odnosu na deklarisani sadržaj izo�avona; sadržaj ukupnih fenola (TPC) po dozi-ranoj jedinici i po gramu suplementa i antioksidantni kapacitet dijetetskih suplemenata (IC50)

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ukupni izofla-voni (mg/DJ)

odstupanje od dekl. sadrž.(%)

TPC

mg GAE/DJ mg GAE/g

IC50

mg/mlS1 40,10 +0,25 10,79 23,59 0,4135S2 45,86 +14,64 6,49 20,69 0,8157S3 31,22 +44,07 6,23 3,67 0,4564S4 40,86 +63,44 22,57 45,24 0,0288S5 40,55 +1,38 5,12 15,92 0,2772S6 37,42 -6,45 11,37 71,49 0,0492

*GAE-ekvivalenti galne kiseline; IC50-koncentracija ekstrakta koja inaktiviše 50% inici-jalne koncentracije DPPH radikala (inhibitory concentration)Zaključak: Sadržaj ukupnih izo�avona je kod tri suplementa (S1, S5, S6) približno od-govarao sadržaju deklarisanom na pakovanju, dok je kod ostala tri odstupanje bilo veće od 10%. Kod suplementa S4 je ovo odstupanje bilo najveće (+63,4% u odnosu na de-klarisanih 25 mg/DJ). Suplement S4 se izdvojio po najvećem sadržaju ukupnih fenola po DJ (22,57 mg GAE/DJ), i najvećoj antioksidantnoj aktivnosti (IC50 0,0288 mg/ml). Uočene su i velike razlike između ekstrakata u sadržaju ukupnih fenola, pa su tako do-bijene vrednosti varirale od 3,67 do 71,49 mg GAE/g. Takođe, suplementi su se veoma razikovali i po antioksidantnom kapacitetu, koji je kod uzorka S4 bio oko 28 puta veći u odnosu na suplement S2.

Ključne reči: dijetetski suplementi; �toestrogeni; ukupna fenolna jedinjenja; antioksidansi

TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS WITH PHYTOESTROGENSMira Bursać, Jelena Cvejić, Milica AtanackovićDepartment of pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia

Introduction: Dietary supplements based on phytoestrogens are mainly recommend-ed for treatment of hot �ushes, the most common menopausal symptom. Also it is considered that phytoestrogens can contribute to cholesterol lowering, and in preven-tion of osteoporosis and some hormone dependent cancers. Some of these e�ects are connected with antioxidant activity of these compounds. Supplements used in meno-pause contain iso�avones mainly from soybean (Glycine max) or red clover (Trifolium pratense), well known sources of plant estrogens.

Methodology: Six dietary supplements from Serbian market were analyzed, four con-taining soy extract (S1, S2, S3, S4) and two (S5, S6) based on red clover. Iso�avone con-tent was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Total phe-nolic content was analyzed spectrophotometrically using Folin-Ciocalteu method with gallic acid as referent standard, and antioxidant activity based on reaction DPPH (2,2-di-phenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical.

Results:

Table. Total iso�avone content in dietary supplements per dosage unit (DU) and devia-


tion from declared content; total phenolic content (TPC) per dosage unit and per gram of supplement and antioxidant activity of dietary supplements (IC50)

total isofla-vones (mg/DU)

deviation (%) TPC

mg GAE/DJ mg GAE/g

IC50

mg/mlS1 40,10 +0,25 10,79 23,59 0,4135S2 45,86 +14,64 6,49 20,69 0,8157S3 31,22 +44,07 6,23 3,67 0,4564S4 40,86 +63,44 22,57 45,24 0,0288S5 40,55 +1,38 5,12 15,92 0,2772S6 37,42 -6,45 11,37 71,49 0,0492

*GAE-gallic acid equivalents; IC50-concentration of extract that inactivates 50% of initial DPPH concentration (inhibitory concentration)

Conclusion: Total iso�avone content of three supplements (S1, S5, S6) complied with the declared content on the label, while in other three samples the deviation was high-er than 10%. In supplement S4 this deviation was the highest (+63,4% compared to declared 25 mg/DU). Supplement S4 had also the highest total phenolic content per DU (22,57 mg GAE/DU), and the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 0,0288 mg/ml). Great di�erences between extracts were established concerning total phenolic content, and values varied from 3,67 to 71,49 mg GAE/g. Also, samples had very di�erent antioxidant capacity, so for example S4 had 28 times higher antioxidant activity than S2.

Keywords: dietary supplements; phytoestrogens; total phenolic content; antioxidants

33. SOJA KAO BILJNI DIJETETSKI SUPLEMENT I IZVOR FITO-ESTROGENASlađana Žilić1a, Vural Gökmen2, Arda Serpen2, Gül Akıllıoğlu2, Vesna Perić1b

1Institut za kukuruz „Zemun Polje“, aDepartment za tehnologiju i bDepartment za selekciju, Slobodana Bajića 1, Beograd-Zemun, Srbija2Department za prehrabeno inženjerstvo, Hacettepe Univerzitet, Beytepe, Ankara, Turska

Mnoge žene nerado koriste egzogenu hormonsku terapiju za lečenje simptoma me-nopauze i okreću se biljnim i dijetetskim suplemenata (BDS). Soja je jedan od naje�-kasnijih biljnih dijetetskih suplemenata koji se koristi za ublažavanje simptoma u po-stmenopauzi. Sve više rezultata, pogotovo u studijama humane medicine, podržava blagotvorne efekte sojinih izo�avona u prevenciji gubitka koštane mase kod žena u postmenopauzi. Pored toga, sojini izo�avoni su strukturno slični prirodnim estrogeni-ma i pokazuju efekte u zaštiti od hormon-zavisnih karcinoma. U ovom radu ispitivan je sadržaj iso�avona u visoko-proteinskom sojinom brašnu, kao i u brašnu dobijenom od semenjače žute i crne soje.

Ekstrakcija izo�avoni iz uzoraka soje izvršena je po modi�kovanoj metodi koju je opisao Shao et al. (2011). Ukratko, 1,0 g samlevenog uzorka mešan je dva puta sa po 10 ml 80% metanola tokom 20 min. Izdvojeni ekstrakti koji sadrže aglikone i glukozidne forme izo-�avona �ltrirani su kroz najlon �lter (0.45 μm). Ukupni izo�avoni su određene pomoću HPLC nakon prevođenja glukozidnih oblika u odgovarajuće oblike aglikone primenom

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kisele hidrolize. Identi�kacija genistein i daidzein izvršena je upoređivanjem retencio-nog vremena i apsorpcionih spektra u uzorcima soje sa onima standardnih jedinjenja. Aglikonske forme dobijene nakon kisele hidrolize ekstrahovanih nativnih izo�avona (vezani izo�avoni) izračunate su iz ukupnih izo�avona oduzimanjem sadržaja nativnih aglikona (slobodni izo�avoni).

Prema našim rezultatima, visok sadržaj vezanih izo�avona ukazuje na dominantnost glukozidnih formi iso�avona kako u uzorcima visoko-proteinskog sojog brašna tako i u uzorcima semenjače. U soji i sojinim proizvodima sadržaj genistin/genistein, daidzin/daidzein i glicitin/glicitein čini oko 50-55%, 40-45%, odnosno 5-10% od ukupnog sa-držaja iso�avona. Zbir slobodnih i vezanih formi daidzeina i genisteina bio je najviši u visoko-proteinskom brašnu žute soje (u proseku 515,63 mg/g), dok je u visoko-protein-skom brašnu crne soje iznosio u proseku 192,97 mg/g. Osim toga u našim istraživanjima sadržaja slobodnih i vezanih formi genisteina u svim uzorcima, kako crne tako i žute soje, bio je viši od sadržaja daidzeina. Prosečna vrednost sadržaja genisteina u uzorcima visoko-proteinskog brašna žute i crne soje iznosila je 357,38, odnosno 143.53 mg/g.

Sve više naučnih rezultata sugeriše da neki biljni i dijetetski suplementi mogu dovesti do poboljšanja kliničkih ishoda. Stoga, naša istraživanja mogu biti od značaja za korišće-nje soje kao izvora �to-estrogena sa efektima na simptome postmenopauze kod žena.

Ključne reči: Soja, biljni dijetetski suplementi, izo�avoni.

SOYBEAN AS A BOTANICAL DIETARY SUPPLEMENT AND SOURCE OF PLANT ESTROGENSSlađana Žilić1a, Vural Gökmen2, Arda Serpen2, Gül Akıllıoğlu2, Vesna Perić1b

1Maize Research Institute, aDepartment of Technology and bBreeding Department, Slobodana Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia2Department of Food Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey

Many women are reluctant to use exogenous hormone therapy for treatment of meno-pausal symptoms and are turning to botanical and dietary supplements (BDS) for relief. Soybean appears to be one of the most e�ective botanicals for relief of postmenopausal symptoms. Increasing evidence, especially in light of results from recent human studies, tends to support the bene�cial e�ects of soybean iso�avones in the prevention of bone loss in postmenopausal women. In addition, iso�avones are structurally similar to natu-rally occurring estrogens and show promise in protecting against hormone-dependent cancers. In this study, the iso�avone content in high-protein soybean �ours, as well as in �ours obtained from yellow and black soybean seed coats was investigated.

The iso�avones in soybean samples were extracted according to the procedure de-scribed by Shao et al. (2011) with some modi�cations. Brie�y, 1.0 g of ground sample was mixed two times with 10 ml of methanol-water mixture (80:20, v/v) for 20 min. The extracts containing aglycone and glucoside forms of iso�avones were �ltered through a nylon syringe �lter (0.45 μm). The total iso�avones were determined by converting glucoside forms into corresponding aglycone forms by acid hydrolysis using HPLC. The identi�cation of genistein and daidzein was accomplished by comparing the retention


time and absorption spectra of peaks in soybean samples to those of standard com-pounds. The aglycones after acidic hydrolysis of the extracted native iso�avones (bound iso�avone) were calculated by substracting total iso�avones from corresponding native aglycone forms (free iso�avone).

In our study, the high content of bound aglycones indicates that the glucoside forms are dominant iso�avone forms in both, high-protein soybean �ours and seed coats. In the soybean itself and in most soya products, genistin/genistein, daidzin/daidzein, and glycitin/glycitein account for approximately 50–55%, 40–45% and 5–10% of total iso�a-vone content, respectively. The yellow soybeans had more iso�avones on average than black soybeans. The sum of free and bound daidzein, as well as genistein was the high-est in high-protein �our from yellow soybeans (on average 515.63 μg/g), while in the black high-protein soybean �ours amounted 192.97 μg/g. Furthermore, in our studies contents of free and bound genistein in all samples of both, black and yellow soybean, was higher than daidzein contents.

The average value of yellow and black soybean high-protein �ours for the genistein contents were 357.38 and 143.53 μg/g, respectively.

A growing body of evidence suggests that some botanicals and dietary supplements could result in improved clinical outcomes. Therefore, our study may be of importance for the use of soybean as source of phyto-estrogens with e�ects on postmenopausal symptoms.

Keywords: Soybean, botanical dietary supplement, iso�avones.

34. ISPITIVANJE SADRŽAJA KOFEINA U DIJETETSKIM SUPLEMENTIMATatjana Nedeljković1, Brižita Đorđević2, Dragana Jović1

1Institut za javno zdravlje Srbije “Dr Milan Jovanović Batut”, Beograd, Srbija2Farmaceutski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, Srbija

Kofein se u dijetetskim suplementima kao aktivna komponenta nalazi na dva oblika: dodat, kao anhidrovani kofein, i kao kofein prirodno prisutan u pojedinom biljnom ma-terijalu (zelena kafa, zeleni čaj , guarana, yerba mate). Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se odredi sadržaj kofeina u 7 (sedam) uzoraka dijetetskih suplemenata izabranih metodom slučajnog uzorka i dobijene vrednosti uporede sa deklarisanim sadržajem kofeina. Meto-da kojom je određivan kofein zasnovana je na ekstrakciji kofeina iz uzoraka (dijetetskih suplemenata) vodom, kao pogodnim polarnim rastvaračem, uz grejanje na 60°C i treti-ranjem na ultrazvučnom kupatilu. Analiza kofeina u ekstraktu vršena je metodom tečne hromatogra�je (HPLC) pod visokim pritiskom sa DAD detektorom na 272 nm, razdvaja-njem na koloni C18, uz mobilnu fazu smeša: acetonitril- voda (20:80). Izvršena je valida-cija metode i utvrđena linearnost zavisnosti površine pika (y) od koncentracije rastvora (x) u koncentracionom opsegu kofeina od 5mg/L do 50mg/L. Nepoznate koncentracije kofeina (x) iz ispitivanih uzoraka izračunate su pomoću jednačine prave y=a+bx a pre-ko poznatih vrednosti površine pika (y) i određenih konstanti a i b. Izmereni sadržaj kofeina po dozi suplementa iznosio je po opadajućem redosledu: 167,7 mg; 155,6 mg; 45,5 mg; 54,4 mg; 201,6 mg; 233,4 mg i 199,4 mg. Odnos utvrđenog sadržaja kofeina u

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dnevnom unosu dijetetskog suplementa i deklarisanog sadržaja kofeina u dnevnom unosu prikazani su putem opadajućih vrednosti: 336 mg/264 mg; 467 mg/337,5 mg; 391 mg/100 mg; 54,5 mg/50 mg; 202 mg/0 mg; 467mg/0 mg; 399,8 mg/400 mg. Utvr-đena dnevna doza kofeina kretala u rasponu od 54,5 mg do 467,7 mg. Značajna razlika između deklarisanogi i izmerenog sadržaja kofeina utvrđena je kod 57,1% ispitanih uzo-raka. Od tog broja, u 28,1% kontrolisanih uzoraka nije postojao podatak na deklaraciji o sadržaju kofeina. Rezultati ukazuju da je neophodno analizirati i pratiti sadržaj kofeina kao �ziološki aktivne komponente u svakom dijetetskom proizvodu u kome se kofein nalazi. Takođe je neophodno deklarisati sadržaj kofeina u dijetetskom proizvodu bez obzira na to da li se radi o sintetičkom kofeinu, kofeinu iz biljnog materijala ili kofeinu u „zaštićenoj mešavini“ sa drugim �ziološki aktivnim supstancama. Imajući u vidu da kod „zaštićenih mešavina“ na deklaraciji često nema podataka i o količini kofeina, ukazuje-mo na mogući problem kreiranja sumplementacije za sportiste.

Ključne reči: kofein, HPLC, dijetetski suplementi, deklaracija

CAFFEINE IN DIETARY SUPPLEMENTSTatjana Nedeljković1, Brižita Đorđević2, Dragana Jović1

1Institute of Public Health of Serbia “ Dr Milan Jovanović Batut”, Belgrade, Serbia2School of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Serbia

Ca�eine in dietary supplements as an active ingredient is found in two forms, added as anhydrous ca�eine, as ca�eine naturally present in each plant material (green co�ee, green tea, guarana, yerba mate). The aim of this study was to determine the content of ca�eine in seven (7) samples of dietary supplements selected by random sampling and the values obtained are compared with the declared content of ca�eine. The method by which ca�eine was determined based on the extraction of ca�eine from samples (dietary supplements) water as a suitable polar solvent, by heating at 60 ° C and treat-ment with the ultrasonic bath. Analysis of ca�eine in the extract was determined by liquid chromatography (HPLC) under high pressure with DAD detector at 272 nm, the separation of the C18 column with a mobile phase mixture of acetonitrile-water (20:80). Validated methods and determined the linearity of the peak area (y) of the solution concentration (x) in the concentration range of ca�eine than 5mg / L to 50mg / L. The concentration of ca�eine (x) of the samples were calculated using the equation of y = a + bx and the known values of the peak area (y) and some constants a and b. The gas content of ca�eine per dose supplementation was in descending order: 167.7 mg 155.6 mg 45.5 mg 54.4 mg 201.6 mg 233.4 mg and 199.4 mg. The relationship established by the ca�eine content in the daily intake of dietary supplement and the declared content of ca�eine daily intake shown by decreasing values: 336 mg/264 mg; 467 mg/337,5 mg; 391 mg/100 mg; 54.5 mg/50 mg; 202 mg/0 mg; 467 mg/0 mg; 399.8 mg/400 mg. De-�ned daily dose of ca�eine ranged from 54.5 mg to 467.7 mg. A signi�cant di�erence between the declared and measured ca�eine content was found in 57.1% of samples tested. Of these, 28.1% controlled samples there was no information on the labeling of ca�eine content. The results indicate that it is necessary to analyze and monitor the content of ca�eine as physiologically active components in each dietary product in


which ca�eine is. It is also necessary to declare the content of ca�eine in dietary prod-uct, regardless of whether it is a synthetic ca�eine, ca�eine from vegetable materials or ca�eine in the “safe blend” with other physiologically active substances. Bearing in mind that in the “safe blend” on the label is often no information on the amount of ca�eine, we point out a potential problem in creating supplementation for athletes.

Keywords: ca�eine, HPLC, dietary supplements, labelling

35. OPTIMIZACIJA USLOVA ZA TESTIRANJE INHIBITORNOG DEJSTVA EKSTRA-KATA NA ANGIOTENZIN KONVERTUJUĆI ENZIMMiona M. Belović*1, Nebojša M. Ilić1, Aleksandra N. Tepić2, Zdravko M. Šumić2

1Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Institut za prehrambene tehnologije, 21000 Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, Srbija2Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnološki fakultet, 21000 Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, Srbija

Angiotenzin konvertujući enzim (ACE) je jedan od glavnih regulatora krvnog pritiska u organizmu. Mehanizam dejstva mnogih antihipertenzivnih lekova je inhibicija ovog enzima. Za određivanje ACE inhibitorne aktivnosti biljnih ekstrakata, kao i sintetičkih le-kova, koristi se spektrofotometrijski in vitro test. Cilj našeg istraživanja je bilo utrvđivanje optimalnih uslova za izvođenje ACE inhibitornog testa za ekstrakte.

Da bi se utvrdila optimalna koncentracija enzima i vreme inkubacije, testirane su 3 različite koncentracije enzima (100 mU, 75 mU i 50 mU) sa vremenom inkubacije od 80 min, a naj-veća koncentracija enzima je testirana i sa vremenom inkubacije od 40 min. Kao reakcioni medijum je korišćen HEPES pufer (50 mM HEPES natrijumove soli (natrijumova so 4-(2-hi-droksietil)-1-piperazinetansulfonske kiseline) i 300mM NaCl, pH podešena na 8,3 korišće-njem 1 M HCl), a koncentracija supstrata (hipuril-histidil-leucina) u svim testovima je bila 8,3 mM. Nakon optimizacije reakcionih uslova, testirana je inhibitorna aktivnost suvih ek-strakata paradajza rastvorenih u etanolu ili HEPES puferu u koncentraciji od 1 mg/ml, a kao pozitivna kontrola je korišćen vodeni rastvor kaptoprila iste koncentracije. Za sve testirane ekstrakte pripremljene su slepe probe uzoraka (uzorak bez reagenasa) da bi se utvrdilo da li postoje jedinjenja koja stvaraju interferencije tokom očitavanja apsorbanci na 228 nm.

Optimalni reakcioni uslovi su bili koncentracija enzima od 100 mU i vreme inkubacije od 80 min, zato što se pri tim reakcionim uslovima dobija najveća razlika između ap-sorbanci probe (100% aktivnosti enzima) i slepe probe (0% aktivnosti enzima). Kod svih ekstrakta paradajza su postojale interferencije tokom očitavanja apsorbanci na 228 nm, za koje se pretpostavlja da potiču od fenolnih jedinjenja prisutnih u ispitivanim ekstrak-tima. Zbog toga je u proračun inhibitorne aktivnosti ekstrakata uvedena i računska korekcija, koja se sastoji u oduzimanju apsorbance slepe probe uzorka od apsorbance dobijene u enzimskom testu. Etanol se pokazao kao nepogodan rastvarač za uzorke, jer je maskirao njihovu inhibitornu aktivnost i dao lažne pozitivne rezultate. Ekstrakti para-dajza rastvoreni u HEPES puferu su pokazali slabu inhibitornu aktivnost, dok je kaptopril u potpunosti inhibirao enzim, kao što je i očekivano.

Ključne reči: angiotenzin konvertujući enzim, spektrofotometrijski test, hipertenzija, ekstrakti paradajza

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OPTIMIZATION OF TEST CONDITIONS FOR ANGIOTENSIN–CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTSMiona M. Belović*1, Nebojša M. Ilić1, Aleksandra N. Tepić2, Zdravko M. Šumić2

1University of Novi Sad, Institute of Food Technology, 21000 Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, Serbia2University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, 21000 Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, Serbia

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is one of the major regulators of blood pressure in organism. Inhibition of this enzyme represents the mechanism of action of many antihy-pertensive drugs. Spectrophotometric in vitro assay is used for the determination of ACE inhibitory activity of both plant extracts and synthetic drugs. The aim of our research was to determine the optimal conditions for performing the ACE inhibitory assay for extracts.

In order to determine the optimal concentration of enzyme and incubation time, three dif-ferent enzyme concentrations were tested (100 mU, 75 mU, and 50 mU) with incubation time of 80 min, and maximal enzyme concentration was tested with incubation time of 40 min. HEPES bu�er (50 mM HEPES sodium salt (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethane-sulfonic acid sodium salt) and 300 mM NaCl, pH adjusted to 8.3 using 1 M HCl) was used as a reaction medium, and substrate (hippuryl-histidyl-leucine) concentration in all assays was 8.3 mM. After optimization of reaction conditions, inhibitory activity of dried tomato extracts dissolved in ethanol or HEPES bu�er in the concentration of 1 mg/ml was tested, while the same concentration of Captopril was used as a positive control. For all extracts tested sample blanks (samples without reagents) were prepared to determine if there are compounds that interfere during absorbance reading at 228 nm.

Optimal reaction conditions were enzyme concentration of 100 mU and incubation time of 80 min, because the greatest di�erence between test absorbance (100% en-zyme activity) and reaction blank absorbance (0% enzyme activity) was observed at these conditions. All tomato extracts had interferences during absorbance reading at 228 nm, which were supposed to originate from phenolic compounds present in ex-tracts tested. Therefore the correction was introduced in the calculation of inhibitory ac-tivity, which presented subtraction of the blank absorbance from the absorbance of the sample obtained in the enzymatic test. Ethanol was showed to be unsuitable solvent for sample dissolution because it masked inhibitory activity of the examined samples and gave false positive results. Tomato extracts dissolved in HEPES bu�er showed weak inhibitory activity, while Captopril completely inhibited ACE, as was expected.

Key words: angiotensin converting enzyme, spectrophotometric assay, hypertension, tomato extracts


36. HIPERKALCEMIJA KOD ODOJČETA PROUZROKOVANA SUPLEMENTACIJOM VITAMINOM DKarolina Berenji1, Momčilo Pavlović2

1Zavod za javno zdravlje Subotica2Visoka strukovna škola za obrazovanje vaspitača i trenera Subotica

Uvod: Količina vitamina D zastupljena u majčinom mleku nedovoljna za nutritivne po-trebe odojčeta i zavisi od načina ishrane dojilje (oko 22 IU/l). Prema preporuci Američke pedijatrijske akademije potrebna je svakodnevna suplementacija odojčadi vitaminom D u količini od 400 IU/dan (10 μg), počevši od 15. dana života. Dodavanjem vitamina D ishrani novorođenčadi, gotovo da su iskorenjeni rahit, mišićna slabost, kasnija denticija i brzo kvarenje zuba.

U slučaju da je odojče na veštačkoj ishrani adaptiranom formulom koja je obogaćena vitaminom D, u količini od oko 1 l na dan, suplementacija D vitaminom nije potrebna. U slučaju kada je odojče na kombinovanoj ishrani dojenjem i adaptiranom formulom obogaćenom D vitaminom, prilikom proračuna količine vitamina D potrebnog za suple-mentaciju, u obzir se moraju uzeti oba nutritivna izvora vitamina D.

Metodologija i rezultati: Prikazaćemo slučaj odojčeta uzrasta 4,5 meseca sa znacima intoksikacije vitaminom D, koja je nastupila usled suplementacije vitaminom D kao me-rom prevencije za nastanak rahita i ishrane adaptiranom formulom forti�kovanom vita-minom D. Odojče je počelo da dobija po 2 kapi uljanog rastvora vitamina D (jedna kap sadrži 666 IU), počevši od treće nedelje života, uz ishranu apaptiranom formulom. Pro-računom unosa vitamina D utvrđeno je da se dnevni unos kretao od 1354 do1772 IU, iz oba nutritivna izvora. Odojče je imalo kliničke manifestacije intoksikacije u vidu konsti-pacije, povraćanja i zaostajanja u porastu telesne mase. Laboratorijski nalazi su pokazali serumski kalcijum od 4,91 mmol/l (refernetne vrednosti: 2,15–2,74 mmol/l); 25[OH]D vrednost >150 (referentna vrednost 25–45 ng/ml); intaktni PTH 2,1 pg/ml (referentne vrednosti 9–65 pg/ml); urinarni Ca/Cr odnos je bio 2,81 (referentne vrednosti<0.2). Na-kon isključenja hormonskih, tumorskih i malformacionih (Wiliamsov sy) uzroka, odojče je lečeno hiperhidracijom, diuretskom terapijom i kortikosteroidnom terapijom.

Zaključak: Na tržištu Republike Srbije prisutna su dva tečna oblika suplemenata vitami-na D: vodeni rastvor koji sadrži i vitamin A u različitim koncetracijama (3750-6000 IU vi-tamina A i 3000-6000 IU vitamina D u 1 ml rastvora) i uljani rastvor koji sadrži samo vita-min D (10000-20000 IU/ml). Ovi dijetetski suplementi su komercijalno dostupni, mogu da se kupe bez lekarskog recepta. Obzirom da je majčino mleko dobar izvor vitamina A, kao i adaptirane mlečne formule, nije potrebna dodatna suplementacija odojčeta ovim liposolubilnim vitaminom. Shodno tome, pedijatri u RS uglavnom preporučuju uljani rastvor vitamina D koji sadrži 20000 IU/ml vitamina D, odnosno 666 IU vitamina D u jednoj kapi. Odojčadi na prirodnoj ishrani tokom prve godine života se preporučuje 1 kap uljanog rastvora 5 dana u nedelji, sa 2 dana pauze. Roditeljima je neophodno dati detaljna uputstva o upotrebi vitamina D u svrhu prevencije rahita i mišićne slabosti, kao i upozoriti ih na moguće toksične efekte u slučaju predoziranja, kako bi simptomi na vre-me bili prepoznati. Roditeljima je potrebno naglasiti da u slučaju ishrane adaptiranom

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formulom obogaćenom vitaminom D ne dodaju u ishranu vitamin D. Zabrana kupovine dijetetskih suplemenata vitamina D bez lekarskog recepta bi takođe preveniralo pojavu intoksikacije vitaminom D.

Ključne reči: vitamin D, intoksikacija; hiperkalcemija; prednizon

HYPERCALCEMIA IN INFANT RECEIVING VITAMIN D SUPLEMENTATIONKarolina Berenji1, Momcilo Pavlovic2

1Public Health Institute, Department of Hygene and Human Ecology, Subotica2College of vocational studies in Subotica

Background: Considering the fact that the quantity of vitamin D in human milk is small and that it depends on the diet of the breastfeeding mother (22 IU/l), American Academy of Pediatrics recommended daily supplementation of vitamin D of 400 (10 μg) IU/day be-ginning in the �rst few days of life, unless the infant is weaned to at least 1 liter per day of vitamin D–forti�ed formula. When calculating the total intake of vitamin D for a infant, not only the doses taken with supplementation, but also the quantity of vitamin D taken through the adapted formula must be considered.

Methodology and results: We present the case of a 4.5-month old infant with signs of vitamin D intoxication, which occurred due to supplementation for the purpose of rickets prevention and diet with vitamin D-forti�ed milk. Starting from the third week of life, the infant was receiving 2 drops of oil solution of vitamin D daily (one drop/666 IU), so that its daily intake was 1354-1772 IU (supplementation and adapted formula). The clinical mani-festations were constipation, vomiting and failure to thrive. . Laboratory testing showed a serum Ca concentration of 4.91 (normal: 2.15–2.74 mmol/l), 25[OH]D levels >150 (normal 25–45 ng/ml), intact PTH 2.1 (9–65 pg/ml), urinary Ca/Cr ratio was 2.81 (normal values <0.2). After excluding hormonal, tumoral and malformative (Williams syndrome) causes, treatment included hyperhydration, loop diuretics and prednisone.

Conclusion: There are two forms of liquid supplements of vitamin D on the drug market in Serbia - aqueous solutions containing vitamin A in various concentrations (3750-6000 IU of vitamin A and 3000-6000 IU of vitamin D in 1 ml) and an oil solution containing only vitamin D. All these supplements are commercially available and can be bought without a doctor’s prescription. Considering the fact that breast milk is an excellent source of vita-min A, as well as vitamin D-forti�ed milk, it is not necessary to consume additional quan-tities of this liposoluble vitamin. Therefore pediatricians in Serbia mainly advise on using the oil solution of vitamin D which contains (1ml/20,000 IU/30 drops) 666 IU of vitamin D in one drop. It is necessary to give breastfed infants during the �rst year 1 drop of oil solution of the supplement 5 days weekly, with 2 days of pause. Parents should be given detailed instructions and the use of vitamin D drops for the purpose of rickets prevention should be explicitly demonstrated to them. Also, parents should be warned and informed about the possible toxic e�ects resulting from overdosing. It is necessary to clearly em-phasize that parents should discontinue the use of vitamin D supplements if the infant is fed an appropriate quantity of vitamin D-forti�ed milk. Prohibiting commercial availability


and prescribing vitamin D supplements only on doctor’s prescriptions would also help in the prevention of vitamin D intoxication.

Keywords: Vitamin D intoxication; hypercalcemia; Williams syndrome; prednisone

PHARMANOVA MINI SIMPOZIJUM – UTICAJ OMEGA 3 MASNIH KISELINA NA NUTRITIVNI STATUS

PHARMANOVA MINI SYMPOSIUM – IMPACT OF OMEGA-3 FATTY

ACIDS ON NUTRITIONAL STATUS


37. ŠTA IMA NOVO U OMEGA-3 SVETU?Slađana ŠobajićKatedra za bromatologiju, Farmaceutski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, Srbija

Priča o povoljnim zdravstvenim efektima omega-3 masnih kiselina traje već više od 35 godina. Interesovanje za omega-3 masne kiseline započelo je otkrićem Dyerbergove grupe da populacija Eskima koju karakteriše visok unos ribe bogate dugolančanim ome-ga-3 masnim kiselinama ima znatno niži rizik od ishemijske bolesti srca i tromboze. Ove masne kiseline, pre svega eikozapentaenska (EPA) i dokozaheksaenska (DHA), mogu da se formiraju u humanom organizmu iz esencijelne omega-3 alfa-linolenske kiseline (ALA), koja i sama pokazuje određen kardioprotektivni efekat, ali je sredinom osamdese-tih godina dokazano da je nivo konverzije ALA u EPA i DHA ograničen kod ljudi i da ALA iz biljnih namirnica predstavlja samo ograničeni izvor ovih masnih kiselina. Od tada je najveći broj istraživanja o omega-3 masnim kiselinama usmeren na proučavanja efekata EPA i DHA i njihovih najboljih dijetarnih izvora – ribe, ribljeg ulja i mikroalgi.

Do sada proučavani efekti omega-3 masnih kiselina potvrđuju njihov protektivni efe-kat u primarnoj i sekundarnoj prevenciji kardiovaskularnih obojenja (KVO). Najnovije meta-analize ukazuju da kod dugotrajnog unosa visokih doza omega-3 masnih kiselina postoji umeren efekat na smanjenje rizika od cerebrovaskularnih događaja. U praksu je uveden i novi parametar koji se koristi za procenu kardiovaskularnog indeksa – tzv. omega-3 indeks. Povoljni efekti su takođe uočeni kod reumatoidnog artritisa i osteoar-tritisa, ali i kod drugih in�amatornih poremećaja.

U poslednjih deset godina istraživanja ukazuju na značaj omega-3 masnih kiselina kao neuroprotektora, počevši od njihovog promenjenog statusa kod pacijenata obolelih od depresije i demencije, do malih, ali značajnih povoljnih efekata suplementacije ovim kiselinama kod depresije, kod poremećaja pažnje i hiperaktivnosti i kod blažih formi kognitivnih de�cita. Takođe se sve više razdavajaju biološki efekti EPA od efekata DHA, tako da se na tržištu već mogu naći proizvodi sa dizajniranim sastavom posebno prila-gođenim speci�čnim individualnim potrebama.

Interesante mogu biti i tzv. veoma dugolančane omega-3 i n-6 masne kiseline sa preko 22 C atoma koje su pronađene u mozgu, retini, testisima i spermatozoidima. Uloga ovih masnih kiselina još uvek nije dovoljno proučena, ali se za sada zna da učestvuju u formi-ranju barijernih osobina kože, u homeostazi jetre, održavanju mijelina, u spermatoge-nezi, funkciji retine i kao antiin�amatorni agensi. Ima dokaza da je poremećaj u njihovoj sintezi, odnosno aktivnosti odgovarajućih enzima elongaza povezan sa povećanim rizi-kom od makularne dgeneracije kod ljudi.

Posebna pažnja se u poslednjih nekoliko godina posvećuje bioiskoristljivosti omega-3 masnih kiselina koja zavisi od velikog broja faktora, počevši od hemijske forme omega-3 masnih kiselina, od tehnološkog oblika, sve do matriksa, te se ovim faktorima objašnja-vaju često protivrečni rezultati koji se dobijaju u kliničkim studijama.

Ključne reči: omega-3 masne kiseline, protektivni efekti, bioiskoristljivost

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WHAT IS NEW IN THE OMEGA-3 WORLDSlađana ŠobajićDepartment of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Serbia

During the past 35 years the story of bene�cial health e�ects of omega-3 fatty acid has been unraveled. In the late 1970s, epidemiological studies done by Dyerberg revealed that Greenland Inuits, who consumed high amounts of fatty �sh rich in long-chained omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC omega-3 PUFAs), had substantially reduced rates of acute myocardial infarction and thrombosis compared with Western control subjects. These fatty acids, primarily eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA), can be formed in human body from the essential omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), also with certain cardioprotective properties, but in the eighties it was proven that ALA conversion to EPA and DHA is limited and ALA can be only a limited source of LC omega-3 PUFAs. The e�ect was that the majority of omega-3 scienti�c research was directed towards the investigation of EPA and DHA e�ects and their best dietary sources – �sh, �sh oil, and microalgae.

Available observational and interventional data indicate that omega-3 Fas can be ben-e�cial with certain cardiovascular events, and moderate, inverse associations of �sh consumption and LC omega 3 PUFAs was noticed with cerebrovascular risk. A so-called omega-3 index was introduced as a new cardiovascular risk-factor. Bene�cial e�ects were also noticed with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, but also with some other in�ammatory diseases.

In last ten years intensive investigation was condacted in the area of neuroprotective e�ects of LC n-3 PUFAs, beggining from the changed levels of EPA and DHA in patients with dementia. Small, but signi�cant bene�cial e�ects were noticed with speci�c cog-nitive impairments, in dementa and in attention de�cit/hyperactivity disorder. Also the e�ects of EPA are being separated from the e�ects of DHA, so that products with de-signed composition aimed at particular individual needs can be found on the market.

Very long chain PUFAs are FAs of the n3 and n6 series with greater than C22 carbons. These unique groups of FAs are found mostly in the retina, brain, testis, and sperma-tozoa. Some progress has been made in understanding their roles in tissues and it is known that they are involved in in skin barrier formation, liver homeostasis, myelin maintenance, spermatogenesis, retinal function, and anti-in�ammation. Mutations in the their corresponding elongase cause early onset of macular degeneration in humans and animal models with the decrease of retinal C28-C38 PUFA and compromised visual functions.

The question of the bioavailability of omega-3 sources has also recently become a very interesting one. Their bioavailability is a�ected by several factors, including chemical binding form, galenic formulation, and matrix.

Ključne reči: omega-3 fatty acids, protective health e�ects, bioavailability


38. OMEGA-3 INDEKS KAO FAKTOR RIZIKA ZA RAZVOJ KARDIOVASKULARNIH OBOLJENJAIvana Đuričić, Slađana ŠobajićFarmaceutski fakultet,Univerzitet u Beogradu, Srbija

Uvod: Omega-3 indeks je de�nisan kao zbir eikozapentaenske (EPA, 20:5 n-3) i doko-zaheksaenske (DHA, 22:5 n-3) kiseline u eritrocitima izražen u procentima i predstavlja značajan faktor rizika za razvoj kardiovaskularnih bolesti. Niske vrednosti omega-3 in-deksa (<4%) povezane su sa desetostrukim rizikom za iznenadnu srčanu smrt u pore-đenju sa višim vrednostima (>8%). Brojne studije su pokazale značajne razlike u vred-nostima omega-3 indeksa među različitim populacionim grupama. Vrednosti se kreću između 1,5% i 21%. Cilj ovog rada bio je određivanje omega-3 indeksa kod ispitanika srednjih godina koji predstavljaju prosečnu populaciju u Srbiji.

Metodologija: Trideset pet ispitanika (18 muškaraca i 17 žena) prosečnih godina 53,9 ± 9,5 sa umereno povišenim vrednostima lipida u plazmi (ukupan holesterol 6,55 ± 0,93 mmol/L; LDL-holesterol 4,28 ± 0,89; trigliceridi 1,77 ± 0,94 mmol/L) bilo je uključeno u studiju. Nakon ekstrakcije lipida iz membrane eritrocita, masne kiseline su prevođene u isparljive metil estre pomoću 3M HCl, a zatim su određivane metodom gasne hromato-gra�je. Dobijeni rezultati su izraženi u procentima (% od ukupnih masnih kiselina).

Rezultati i diskusija: Nakon određivanja sadržaja masnih kiselina u membrani eritro-cita, rezultati su pokazali da su od zasićenih masnih kiselina bile najzastupljenije pal-mitinska (16:0) i stearinska kiselina (18:0), sa udelom od 19% i 15%. Oleinska kiselina (18:1 n-9) je bila najzastupljenija mononezasićena masna kiselina (10,5%), dok su linolna (18:2 n-6) i arahidonska kiselina (20:4 n-6) bile najzastupljenije omega-6 masne kiseline (11 i 16%). DHA je bila najzastupljenija omega-3 masna kiselina (4,9%). Omega-3 indeks (EPA+DHA) bio je 5,5 %.

Poređenjem vrednosti za omega-3 indeks u našoj studiji sa vrednostima dobijenim u ra-nijim epidemiološkim studijama na različitim populacionim grupama, može se zaključiti da prosečnu populaciju u Srbji karakteriše nizak omega-3 indeks, što pored povišenih lipidnih parametara predstavlja još jedan važan biomarker kardiovaskularnog rizika.

Ključne reči: eikozapentaenska kiselina, dokozaheksaenska kiselina, omega-3 indeks, koronarne bolesti, faktori rizika

OMEGA-3 INDEX AS A RISK FACTOR FOR CARDIVASCULAR DISEASESIvana Đuričić, Slađana ŠobajićFaculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade University, Serbia

Introduction: Omega-3 index is de�ned as the percentage of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:5 n-3) in red blood cells and presents a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. An omega-3 index less than 4% is associated with a tenfold risk for sudden cardiac death in comparison to an omega-3 index greater

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than 8%. Numerous studies have shown signi�cant di�erences in the omega-3 index among di�erent population groups. Values range between 1.5% and 21%. The aim of this study was to determine the omega-3 index in middle-aged subjects representing the average population in Serbia.

Methodology: Eighteen male and 17 female participants, average age 53.9 ± 9.5, with moderately elevated plasma lipids (total cholesterol 6.55 ± 0.93 mmol/L; LDL-cholester-ol 4.28 ± 0.89; triglycerides 1.77 ± 0.94 mmol/L) were enrolled into the study. After lipid extraction from the red blood cells, fatty acids are translated into volatile methyl esters using 3M HCl, and then determined by gas chromatography. The results are expressed as a percent (%) of individual fatty acid in total fatty acids.

Results and discussion: Results showed that the major saturated fatty acids were pal-mitic (16:0) and stearic acid (18:0), accounting for 19% and 15%, respectively. Oleic acid (18:1 n-9) was the major monounsaturated fatty acids (10.5%), while linoleic acid (18:2 n-6) and arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6) were the most abundant omega-6 fatty acids (11 and 16%, respectively). DHA was the major omega-3 fatty acids 4.9%. Omega-3 index (EPA + DHA) was 5.5%.

Comparing the values for omega-3 index in our study with those obtained in previous epidemiological studies in di�erent population groups, it can be concluded that the middle-aged Serbians are characterized by a low omega-3 index, which is another im-portant biomarker of cardiovascular risk.

Keywords: eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, omega-3 index, coronary heart disease, risk factors

39. OMEGA 3 MASNE KISELINE EPA I DHA : BENEFIT ZA ZDRAVLJE KROZ CEO LJUDSKI ŽIVOTMirjana IlićPharmanova d.o.o., Beograd, Srbija

Omega 3 masne kiseline mogu na vrlo koristan način uticati na zdravlje čoveka i to to-kom celog života. Noviji podaci ukazuju da Omega 3 masne kiseline (EPA i DHA) utiču na fetalni razvoj, kardiovaskularne i imunološke funkcije kao i na in�amatorna i neka maligna oboljenja i Alchajmerovu bolest.

Studije pokazuju da su EPA i DHA vazne za fetalni razvoj uključujuci neurološke funkcije i funkciju retine kao i razvoj imunološkog sistema. EPA i DHA u mnogim aspektima delu-ju na kardiovaskularni sistem,uključujući zapaljenja i oboljenja perifernih arterija,glavne koronarne događaje i koagulaciju. Rezultati praćenja preventivnog dejstva EPA i DHA na kognitivne funkcije,a s tim u vezi i na blag oblik Alchajmerove bolesti su ohrabrujući.

Zapadnjački način ishrane je de�citaran u Omega 3 masnim kiselinama,a podrazumeva ekscesivni unos Omega 6 masnih kiselina (suncokretovo ulje npr.). Visok odnos polineza-sićenih Omega 6 u odnosu na Omega 3 masne kiseline(15:1) , prisutan u zapadnjačkom načinu ishrane, podstiče razvoj patogeneze mnogih savremenih oboljenja uključujući


kardiovaskularna oboljenja, karcinom, zapaljenska i autoimuna boljenja dok poveća-ni nivoi Omega 3 masnih kiselina ( nizak količnik Omega 6/Omega 3 polinezasićenih masnih kiselina) rezultira supresivnim efektima na razvoj ovih oboljenja. Na primer, u sekundarnoj prevenciji srčanih oboljenja, sniženje odnosa Omega 6/Omega 3 na 4:1 povezano je sa sniženjem ukupnog mortaliteta od 70%.

Odnos Omega-3 i Omega-6 masnih kiselina koje se unose hranom posebno je važan jer se ova dva tipa masnih kiselina međusobno “takmiče” za iste enzimske sisteme na ćelij-skoj membrani u koju se ugrađuju. Oni koji su u višku, potiskuju ove druge.

Omega 6 u višku: prostanoidi koji nastaju iz omega 6 masnih kiselina arahidonske kise-line kiseline imaju osobinu sužavanja krvnih sudova, imunosupresijske osobine, podsti-ču zgrušavanje krvi i upale.

Omega 3 u višku: eikosanoidi koji nastaju iz Omega-3 masnih kiselina eikozapentaen-ske kiseline (EPA) djeluju antitrombotski, protivupalno i vazodilatativno (proširuju krvne sudove)

Ovime se objašnjava povoljno dejstvo Omega 3 masnih kiselina na zapaljenska obolje-nja creva,kože (psorijaza) kao i blagotvorno dejstvo na neka autoimuna oboljenja,kao što je reumatoidni artritis.

Odnos 2.5/1 smanjuje proliferaciju rektalnih ćelija kod pacijenata sa kolorektalnim kan-cerom,dok odnos 4/1 nije imao efekta

Niži odnos Omega-6/Omega-3 kod žena sa karcinomom dojke, bio je udružen sa snižia-vanjem rizika od smrtnog ishoda

Odnos 2 –3 /1 snižavao je intenzitet zapaljenja kod pacijenata sa reumatoidnim artriti-som i posledično količinu potrebnih NSAIL .

Odnos 5 /1 imao je povoljan efekat kod pacijenata sa astmom,dok je odnos 10/1 imao suprotan efekat.

Ova studija pokazuje da optimalan odnos varira zavisno od posmatrane bolesti.

Ovo je saglasno sa činjenicom da su hronične bolesti multigenske i multifaktorijalne.

Svakako terapijska doza omega-3 masnih kiselina će zavisiti od stadijuma i težine obo-ljenja koji su rezultat genetske predispozicije.

Trudnoća i dojenje: Unos visokoprečišćenih EPA i DHA u trudnoći,ima dvostruko dejstvo.

Na bebu (bolje razvijene intelektualne sposobnosti, veću oštrinu vida, smanjen rizik od pojave ekcema i alergije na hranu, te atopskog dermatitisa)

Mozak je najosjetljiviji na ishranu tokom prve godine života, kad najbrže raste.Polovina ukupnih dnevnih potreba (50% kalorija) koje dete unosi tokom prve godine života dola-zi od masnoća, koje su sadr žane u majčinom mleku.

Istraživanja pokazuju da djeca hranjena mlekom majki koje su uzimale dodatne količine Omega-3 imaju bolje mentalne sposobnosti (viši IQ) od dece hranjene mlijekom majki koje nisu suplementirale Omega-3.

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Poboljšavaju se kognitivne funkcije mozga, što se zapaža već do 4. godine života

Na majku (smanjuje postporođajne promena rapoloženja i depresiju)

Omega 3 masne kiseline su korisne za trudnoću uopšte. Povećan unos EPA i DHA pokaza-lo se da preventivno deluju na prevremeni i prekid rada porođaj,smanjuju rizik od pree-klampsije i mogu povećeti težinu bebe na porođaju. Nedostatak Omega 3 masnih kiselina povećava rizik od postpartalne depresije (baby blues).Ovo može objasniti zašto su post-partalne promene raspoloženja izraženije i počinju ranije sa svakom sledećom trudnoćom.

Ključne reči: Odnos Omega-6/Omega-3 masnih kiselina;Srčana oboljenja, Hronična oboljena;Tudnoća,Prenatalna suplementacija

OMEGA 3 FATTY ACIDS EPA AND DHA: HEALTH BENEFITS THROUGHOUT LIFEMirjana IlićPharmanova d.o.o., Belgrade, Serbia

Omega-3 fatty acids have been linked to healthy aging throughout life. Recently is found that Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) have been associated with fetal development, cardiovascular and immunological function as well as in�ammatory, some malignant and Alzheimer’s disease. Studies have shown that EPA and DHA are important for prop-er fetal development, including neuronal, retinal, and immune function. EPA and DHA may a�ect many aspects of cardiovascular function including in�ammation, peripheral artery disease, major coronary events, and anticoagulation.

EPA and DHA have been linked to promising results in prevention, and cognitive func-tion in those with very mild Alzheimer’s disease.

Western diets are de�cient in omega-3 fatty acids, and have excessive amounts of ome-ga-6 fatty acids (sun�ower oil for example). Very high Omega-6/Omega-3 polyunsat-urated fatty acids (PUFA) ratio, as is found in today’s Western diets (15:1) promote the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and in�am-matory and autoimmune diseases, whereas increased levels of omega-3 PUFA (a low omega-6/omega-3 ratio) exert suppressive e�ects. For example, in the secondary pre-vention of cardiovascular disease, a ratio of 4/1 was associated with a 70% decrease in total mortality.

A ratio of 2.5/1 reduced rectal cell proliferation in patients with colorectal cancer, where-as a ratio of 4/1 with the same amount of omega-3 had no e�ect. The lower omega-6/omega-3 ratio in women with breast cancer was associated with decreased risk. A ratio of 2–3/1 suppressed in�ammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and decreased amount of necessary NSAID. Ratio of 5/1 had a bene�cial e�ect on patients with asth-ma, whereas a ratio of 10/1 had adverse consequences. These studies indicate that the optimal ratio may vary with the disease under consideration. This is consistent with the fact that chronic diseases are multigenic and multifactorial. Therefore, it is quite possible that the therapeutic dose of omega-3 fatty acids will depend on the degree of severity of disease resulting from the genetic predisposition.


Omega 6/ Omega 3 ratio is very important, because both those types of fatty acids which are part of cellular membranes are competitive for the same enzyme systems.

Omega 6 PUFA in excess – prostanoids from Omega 6 fatty acids of arachidonic acid give rise of in�ammatory products, stimulate vasoconstriction, immunosuppression, platelet activity and intensify in�ammation.

Omega 3 PUFA in excess – eikosanoids from Omega-3 eikosapentaenoic acid (EPA) have strong anti-in�ammatory e�ect, anticlotting (trombolytic) e�ect, and also dilate blood vessels.

In this way we can explain bene�cially e�ect of Omega 3 fatty acids in in�ammatory diseases of the bowels, of the skin (psoriasis) and some autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Consuming highly puri�ed EPA and DHA have double e�ect.

For a baby: (better developing of intellectual functions and better vision sharpness and lower risk of eczema, food allergy and atopic dermatitis).

The brain is the most sensitive for nutrition during the �rst year of the life when the growth is very rapid. One half of daily nutritional needs during the �rst year of life come from fats from mother’s milk. Infants of mothers who took Omega 3 during breastfeed-ing have better intellectual functions (IQ) then infants from mothers who did not use omega 3 supplementation during breastfeeding period.

Cognitive functions of the infant’s brain are better which is noticed up to forth year of age.

For a mother: (decreasing emotional swings and depression after birth)

Omega-3 fatty acids have positive e�ects on the pregnancy itself. Increased intake of EPA and DHA has been shown to prevent pre-term labor and delivery, lower the risk of pre-eclampsia and may increase birth weight. Omega-3 de�ciency also increases the mother’s risk for depression (baby blues).This may explain why postpartum mood disor-ders may become worse and begin earlier with subsequent pregnancies.

Key Keywords: Omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid balance; Heart diseases; Chronic disease; Dietary recommendations,Pregnancy,Prenatal suplementation.

References

- Simopoulos AP. Omega-3 fatty acids in health and disease and in growth and devel-opment. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;54:438

- Simopoulos AP, editor. Plants in human nutrition - Fatty �sh consumption and ischemic heart disease mortality in older adults: The cardiovascular heart study. Presented at the American Heart Association’s 41st annual conference on cardio-vascular disease . Epidemiology and prevention. AHA. 2001.

- Fotuhi M, Mohassel P, Ya�e K. Fish consumption, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids and risk of cognitive decline or Alzheimer disease: a complex association. Nat Clin Pract Neurol. 2009; 5(3):140-52.

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- Hagen KB, Byfuglien MG, Falzon L, Olsen SU, Smedslund G. Dietary interventions for rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Jan 21;(1):CD006400.

- Judge MP, Harel O, Lammi-Keefe CJ. A docosahexaenoic acid-functional food during pregnancy bene�ts infant visual acuity at four but not six months of age. Lipids. 2007;42(2):117-22.

- Koletzko B, Larqué E, Demmelmair H. Placental transfer of long-chain polyunsatu-rated fatty acids (LC-PUFA). J Perinat Med. 2007;35 Suppl 1:S5-11.

- Hösli I, Zanetti-Daellenbach R, Holzgreve W, Lapaire O. Role of omega 3-fatty acids and multivitamins in gestation. J Perinat Med. 2007;35 Suppl 1:S19-24.

MINI SIMPOZIJUM – BEZBEDNOST SUPLEMENATA, DEKLARACIJE, NUTRITIVNE I ZDRAVSTVENE IZJAVEMINI SYMPOSIUM – SUPPLEMENTS

SAFETY, LABELS, NUTRITIONAL AND HEALTH CLAIMS


40. DIJETETSKI SUPLEMENTI – ONO ŠTO JE DEKLARISANO ILI NEŠTO DRUGOZorica Basić, Slavica Rađen, Siniša MašićInstitut za higijenu VMA, Beograd,Srbija

Veliki broj namirnica sadrži značajne količine vitamina, minerala, šećera ili zamena za šećer, kao i aditive. Zavisno od načina upotrebe, uneta količina ovih sastojaka može zna-čajno da nadmaši preporučen dnevni unos. Takođe, ako sadržaj nutrimenata ne odgo-vara deklarisanom, može da dovede potrošače u zabludu. Na našem tržištu postoji sve raznovrsnija ponuda dijetetskih proizvoda u farmaceutskim oblicima, odnosno oboga-ćenih namirnica sa deklarisanim saržajem.

U svetu postoji više od 45 “forti�cation” programa, a suplementacija kod dece je pove-ćana na 15%, dok 51 zemalja sprovodi program obogaćivanja folnom kiselinom. Pored toga, 2003. godine desio se frapantan incident, nekoliko stotina izraelskih beba hranjenih infant formulom, bilo je izloženo de�citu tiamina. Evidentirano je 59 beba koje su ovako hranjene više od jednog meseca u prvoj godini života sa trajnim zdravstvenim problemi-ma. Takođe postoje slučajevi kada se deklariše prisustvo vitamina, a dijetetski proizvod sadrži supstancu sličnog dejstva ali koja nije opšte prihvaćena u Evropi. Međutim, nisu retke velike razlike koje se javljaju u izveštajima rezultata ispitivanja. Postavlja se pitanje da li je razlog analitička greška, izbor metode, ili tumačenje rezultata od strane analitičara? Mogući razlog je i deklaracija koja ne sadrži poreklo vitamina, odnosno hemijski i/ili �zički oblik u kome se nalazi (kalcijumaskorbat, ribo�avinfosfat, prirodni tokoferoli, vitamini u mikro-kapsulama). Analizom sadržaja vitamina možemo de�nisati realan dnevni unos.

U pogledu sadržaja elemenata, odstupanja od deklarisanog sadržaja su česta kada je dijetetski suplement na bazi prirodnih sirovina. Takođe potrebno je de�nisati očekivani opseg sadržaja, kao što je to u registracionoj dokumentaciji lekova.

Neretko se dešava da je dijetetski suplement na bazi mešavine biljnih ekstrakata ili spra-šenih biljaka kada ne postoji rutinska metoda za dokazivanje autentičnosti, ili sadržaja. Ono što je moguće je potvrditi odsustvo nekih supstanci jakog dejstva ako postoji neka asocijacija na njihovo prisustvo (efedrin, kokain, THC). Novom zakonskom regulativom je zahtevano navođenje svih sastojaka na deklaraciji dijetetskih proizvoda, čime je sma-njena mogućnost nekontrolisanog sadržaja etanola u biljnim sirupima, mada je taj sadr-žaj nekad i preko 20% (a često ga konzumiraju i najmlađi).

U našoj laboratoriji analizirano je više od 200 dijetetskih proizvoda svake godine počev od 1994. god. Većina uzoraka je bila zdravstveno ispravna u odnosu na analizirane para-metre, ali uz napomenu da su to najčešće bile prve analize radi početka proizvodnje ili uvoza. Nikad ne smemo zaboraviti da greške nisu dozvoljene kada su u pitanju dijetetski suplementi za specijalnu medicinsku namenu, kao i infant formule kao jedina hrana u dužem periodu. Postojeća zakonska regulativa daje dobre osnove za procenu zdrav-stvene ispravnosti ovih prizvoda.

Ključne reči: dijetetski suplementi, deklaracija, zdravstvena ispravnost;

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DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS – WHAT IS DECLARED OR SOMETHING ELSEZorica Basić, Slavica Rađen, Siniša MašićInstitute of hygiene, Military Medical Academy Belgrade,Serbia

A large number of foods contain signi�cant amounts of vitamins, minerals, sugar or substitutes for sugar as well as additives. Depending on the method of use, intake of these ingredients can signi�cantly outperform the recommended daily intake. Also, if the nutriments content does not match the declared value, this may mislead consum-ers. In our Serbian market there is a more and more diverse o�er of dietary products in pharmaceutical forms, or forti�ed foods with the declared content.

Worldwide there are more than 45 forti�cation programs, and supplementation in chil-dren has increased to 15% (Varela Moreira), while 51 countries conduct folic acid enrich-ment program (H. Bloom). In addition, in year 2003. the striking incident occurred when several hundreds of Israeli babies fed infant formula were exposed to thiamine de�cien-cy. There were 59 babies loggeged who were fed this way for more than one month in the �rst year of life (Iris Fatal, Tel Aviv University) with permanent health problems.

Also, there are cases when it is declared a presence of vitamins, but a dietary product contains a substance of similar e�ect which is not generally accepted in Europe.

However, the di�erences are not rare in the reports of examination results. The question is whether the reason is analytical error, the choice of a method, or analyst interpreta-tion? A possible reason is that a product declaration which does not contain the origin of the vitamin, i.e. chemical and physical form in which it is present (calciumascorbate, ribo�avinphosphate, natural tocopherols, vitamins in micro-capsules). By vitamin con-tent analysis we can de�ne the real daily intake.

Regarding elements content, deviations from certi�ed content are common when a di-etary supplement is based on a natural raw materials. It is also necessary to de�ne the expected content range, as it is case in registered drugs documentation.

Infrequently happens that a dietary supplement is based on plant mixtures extracts or pulverized plants when there is no routine method of authentication or quanti�cation. It is possible to con�rm the absence of some substances of strong action if there is any association on their presence (ephedrine, cocaine, THC). Through the new legislation it is requested a complete listing of all ingredients declared on the dietary product label, thus reducing the possibility of uncontrolled ethanol content in herbal syrups, although the content is sometimes over 20% (it is often consumed by the youngest population).

Since 1994. in our laboratory it is analyzed more than 200 dietary products every year. Most of the samples were healthy correct regarding the parameters analyzed. Most of-ten that were the �rst analysis for the start of production or import.

We must not never forget that mistakes are not allowed when it comes to dietary sup-plements for special medical purposes, such is infant formula as the only food consumed for a longer period of time. Existing legislation provides a good basis for assessing the health safety of these products.

Keywords: dietary supplements, declarations, safety;


41. REZULTATI KONTROLE USAGLAŠENOSTI ZDRAVSTVENIH IZJAVA NA DEKLARACIJAMA DIJETETSKIH SUPLEMENATA S PROPOZCIJAMA EVROPSKE AGENCIJE ZA BEZBEDNOST HRANE?1,2Trajković-Pavlović Lj, 1,2Popović M, Velicki R, 1,2Torović Lj, 2Balać D1Medicinski fakultet Novi Sad, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, 2Institut za javno zdravlje Vojvodine (IZJZV)

Uvod: U Republici Srbiji (RS) kontrola zdravstvene bezbednosti (ZB) dijetetskih suple-menata (DS) je obavezna i obavlja se pre upisa proizvoda u bazu podataka dijetetskih proizvoda Ministarstva zdravlja (MZRS). Dodatna kontrola obavlja se pri uvozu i tokom sprovođenja monitoringa ZB dijetetskih proizvoda u domaćem prometu što uključujuje i kontrolu ZB DS. Postupak kontrole ZB obuhvata i proveru usaglašenosti zdravstvene izjave sa važećom zakonskom osnovom a obavljaju je zdravstvene institucije ovlašćene od strane MZRS. Ovlašćene institucije imaju različit pristup u odabiru stručne literature koju koriste za ocenu usaglašenosti zdravstvenih izjava, što je očekivano jer u RS postu-pak autorizacije zdravstvenih izjava nije standardizovan iako se u dokumentima Komi-sije Codex Alimentarius jasno preporučuje. Evropska unija, odnosno Evropska agenci-ja za bezbdnost hrane (EFSA) je, shodno navedenoj preporuci, izvršila standardizaciju postupka koja se sastoji iz tri osnovna elementa: a. precizanog opisa sastojaka, b. pre-ciznog opisa korisnog funkcionalnog/�ziološkog učinka i c. provere dokaza o naučnoj zasnovanosti opisa povezanosti unosa deklarisanog sastojka i deklarisanog korisnog funkcionalnog/�ziološkog učinka datog proizvoda.

Cilj rada bio je da prikaže rezultate kontrole usaglašenosti zdravstvenih izjava na dekla-racijama DS kontrolisanih u IZJZV u periodu 2011-2012. godine sa relevantnim naučnim mišljenjima pripremljenim od strane EFSA-e.

Metodologija: Primenjen je standardizovani postupak EFSA-e u tri koraka pri autoriza-ciji zdravstvenih izjava a na na osnovu uvida u dokumentaciju, koju su nam uz uzorke DS u postupku kontrole dostavili proizvođači i prometnici ovih proizvoda i publikovanih naučnih mišljenja Panela za dijetetske proizvode, ishranu i alergije EFSA-e.

Rezultati: U posmatranom periodu u IZJZV obavljena je kontrola 328 deklaracija DS, od čega je 52,38% imalo zdravstvenu izjavu. Usaglašenost sa publikovanim naučnim mišljenjima EFSA utvrđena je kod 3,61% kontrolisanih zdravstvenih izjava, 13,25% zdravstvenih izjava nije imalo precizan opis sastojaka (najčešće su to bili biljni prepara-ti), 40,96% zdravstvenih izjava nije imalo precizan opis funkcionalnog/�ziološkog učin-ka, dok za gotovo svaku drugu (42,17%) kontrolisanu zdravstvenu izajvu nisu postojali na nauci zasnovani dokazi o povezanosti deklarisanog sastava i navedenog povoljnog funkcionalnog/�ziološkog učinka.

Ključne reči: dijetetski suplementi, zdravstvene izjave, usaglašenost sa EFSA preporukama

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COMPLIANCE CONTROL OF HEALTH CLAIMS ON DIETARY SUPPPLEMENTS WITH SCIENTIFIC OPINIONS PREPARED BY THE EUROPEAN FOOD SAFETY AUTHORITY1,2Trajković-Pavlović Lj, 1,2Popvić M, Velicki R, 1,2Torović Lj, 2Balać D1School of Medicine University of Novi Sad, 2Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina

Introduction: In the Republic of Serbia control of dietary supplements (DS) safety is mandatory and also includes control of declared health claims. It is mandatory prior the registration of each DS by the Ministry of health (MH). Further, selective control is per-formed within the national DS safety monitoring programme and within import food safety control. According to the Act on dietary food products safety, the Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina (IPHV) is one of the institutions that are in charge to perform control of DS and it noticed practical problems due to no standardized provisions for the health claims authorization.

The use of di�erent scienti�c data sources for the process of health claims veri�cation by di�erent institutions included in safety control of DS is appeared to be the obstacle for food business operators and the food inspection services. Having in mind that many countries in the world has been faced with such a problem, Codex Alimentarius Com-mission strongly suggested to governments to lay down provisions for speci�c condi-tions for the permitted use of authorized health claims. European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) has standardized this process, involving three basic elements: a. characterization of the food/constituent, b. relevance of the claimed e�ect to human health and c. scien-ti�c substantiation of the claimed functional/physiological e�ect.

The aim of this paper was to present the results of compliance control of health claims on DS performed by the IPHV within 2011-2012 with the published scienti�c opinions prepared by the Panel for Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies of the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA).

Methodology: Implementation of EFSA’s standardized three-step approach for the au-thorization of health claims on the labels of DS controlled in IPHV.

Results: IPHV performed control of 328 labels of DS of which 52.38% had one or more health claims. Compliance of labeled health claims with relevant published EFSA’s sci-enti�c opinions was registered in 3.61% of DS with health claims, 13.2% of declared characterization of the food/constituent was not in line with EFSA’s documents (mostly botanical products), 49.46% didn’t have relevant claimed e�ect to human health, while 42.17% of controlled health claims on DS were not authorized by EFSA, due to lack of scienti�c substantiation of the claimed functional/physiological e�ect.

Keywords: Dietetic Supplements; Food; Health Claims; Control; EFSA


42. PRIMENA TEČNE HROMATOGRAFIJE – ELEKTROSPREJ TANDEM MASENE SPETROMETRIJE ZA DETEKCIJU SILDENAFILA, VARDENAFILA I TADALAFILA U DIJETETSKIM PROIZVODIMAGorica Vuković, Vesna Pantić Palibrk, Marinela Tadić, Jelena VlajkovićGradski zavod za javno zdravlje,Beograd Srbija

Zloupotreba navodno ‘’prirodnih biljnih proizvoda’’ dodatkom nedeklarisanih i nedo-zvoljenih sintetičkih supstanci (droga), česta je i zabrinjavajuća pojava, naročito u slu-čaju dijetetskih proizvoda. Cilj rada je bio razvoj jednostavne i osetljive tečno hromato-grafske-tandem masene spektrometrijske metode (LC-MS/MS) za određivanje najčešće korišćenih supstanci zloupotrebe, sildena�la, vardena�la i tadala�la u biljnim dijetet-skim proizvodima. Sildena�l, vardena�l, i tadala�l su ekstrahovani iz uzorka metanolom kao ekstrakcionim sredstvom. Ekstrakt je dodatno razblažen (1:1000) mobilnom fazom i analiziran preko Zorbax XDB-C18 kolone (50x4,6 mm, 1,8 mikrona). Mobilna faza se sastojala od 30% metanola (A) i 70% 0,1% mravlje kiseline u vodi (B) u izokratskom režimu rada sa protokom mobilne faze od 0,6 mL/min. Kvanti�kacija je izvršena pomoću MRM moda (reaction monitoring mode), prećenjem po dve reakcije prelaza jona za sva-ko jedinjenje: m/z 475,2 > 311 i m/z 475,2 > 283 za sildena�l; m/z 390,4 > 262 i m/z 390,4 > 250 za tadala�l i m/z 489,2 > 312 i m/z 489,2 > 151 za vardena�l. Kalibracija je bila line-arna u koncentracionom opsegu od 10-1000 ng/mL, sa koe�cijentom korelacije većim od 0,997. Granice određivanja (LD) i kvanti�kacije za ova jedinjenja su iznosile manje 3 ng/mL odnosno manje od 10 ng/mL. Metoda je pokazala zadovoljavajuću osetljivost, preciznost, tačnost i selektivnost. Metoda je primenjena u analizi 44 uzorka, od kojih je 10 (22,7%) bilo pozitivno na ispitivana jedinjenja. U jednom od uzoraka je detektovan tadala�l, dva su sadržala vardena�l a tri sildena�l.Pet ispitanih uzoraka je sadržalo isto-vremeno i tadala�l i sildena�l.

Ključne reči: sildena�l, tadala�l, sildena�l, tečna hromatogra�ja-tandem masena spek-trometrija (LC-MS/MS), dijetetski suplementi

APPLICATION OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY – ELECTROSPRAY TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY IN DETERMINATION OF SILDENAFIL, VARDENAFIL AND TADALAFIL IN DIETARY SUPPLEMENTSGorica Vuković, Vesna Pantić Palibrk, Marinela Tadić, Jelena VlajkovićInstitute of Public Health of Belgrade, Serbia

Adulteration of allegedly “natural herbal medicines” with undeclared synthetic drugs is a common and dangerous phenomenon of alternative medicine. The purpose of the study was to develop a simple and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for detection of most common synthetic adulter-ants sildena�l, vardena�l, and tadala�l in herbal dietary supplements (HDSs). Sildena�l, vardena�l, and tadala�l were extracted from the HDSs with methanol. The extract was diluted (1:1000) with mobile phase and injected onto Zorbax XDB-C18 column (50x4,6

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mm, 1,8 micron). The mobile phase consisted of 30% methanol (A) and 70% 0,1% for-mic acid (B) was delivered isocratically at a �ow rate of 0,4 0,6mL/min. Quanti�cation was achieved by multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM) of two transitions per com-pound: m/z 475,2 > 311 e m/z 475,2 > 283 for sildena�l; m/z 390,4 > 262 e m/z 390,4 > 250 for tadala�l and m/z 489,2 > 312 e m/z 489,2 > 151 for vardena�l. Calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 10-1000 ng/mL, with a coe�cient of correlation greater than 0,997. The lower limits of detection and quanti�cation for these substances were ≤3 ng/mL and ≤10 ng/mL, respectively. The method showed a satisfactory sensitivity, precision, accuracy, and selectivity. The validated LC-MS/MS method was applied to the analysis of 44 HDSs and 10 products (22,7%) were positive. One product contained tadala�l, two products contained vardena�l and three sildena�l. Five products contained both tadala�l and sildena�l.

Keywords: sildena�l, tadala�l, sildena�l, liquid chromatography tandem mass spec-trometry (LC-MS/MS), herbal dietary supplements (HDSs)

COCA COLA MINI SIMPOZIJUM – ZNAČAJ HIDRATACIJE U SPORTU I REKREACIJI

COCA COLA MINI SYMPOSIUM – THE IMPORTANCE OF HYDRATION

IN SPORT AND RECREATION


43. HIDRATACIJA I IZVORI VODE U ISHRANIDanijela Ristić-MedićCentar izuzetnih vrednosti za proučavanje ishrane i metabolizma, Institut za medicinska istraživanja, Univerzitet u Beogradu

Voda je neophodna za zdravlje organizma i održavanje optimalnog nivoa hidratacije je važno za sve uzrastne grupe. Adekvatan stupanj hidratacije zavisi od unosa vode u ishrani (voda iz hrane i pića, uz dodatak vode koja se oslobađa tokom metabolizma ma-sti, ugljenih hidrata, proteina i alkohola) i gubitka vode iz tela (pre svega preko bubrega putem urina i znojenjem kroz kožu).Voda je esencijalna za sve metaboličke procese u organizmu. Važna je za pravilan krvotok, funkciju bubrega i urinarnog trakta, rad miši-ća i nervnog sistema, pravilnu funkciju koštano-zglobnog sistema, učestvuje u procesu varenja, apsorpciji i transportu hranljivih materija, eliminaciji štetnih materija, kao i u održavanju konstantne telesne temperature i termoregulacije organizma. Voda je glavni sastojak ljudskog tela i muškarci imaju oko 60% telesne mase vode. Žene imaju manji udeo vode u organizmu između 50-55% jer imaju visok procent telesnih masti koje ma-nje vezuje vodu u odnosu na mišićno tkivo koje preovlađuje kod muškarca. Količina vode koja je neophodna za �ziološki rad organizma je različita i zavisi od pola, uzrasta, zdravstvenog stanja, spoljašnje temperature i �zičke aktivnosti. Blaga dehidratacija (gu-tak vode od 2-3% telesne mase) je stanje organizma koje dovodi do ranije pojave umora pri telesnoj aktivnosti i osećaja da je aktivnost napornija tako da ima i negativan uticaj i na kognitivne funkcije. Smatra se 20 do 30% unete vode potiče od hrane a 70 do 80% od napitaka. Sadržaj vode nekih najčešće konzumiranih namirnica je: više od 80% u su-pama, voću i većini vrsta povrća, od 44 do 70% u toplih obrocima, manje od 40% u žitari-cama i manje od 10% u slanim užinama i konditorskim proizvodima. Oksidacija energet-skih hranljivih materija iz hrane će dodati organizmu između 200-400ml vode dnevno. Preporuka za adekvatni unosa vode (AI) Evropskog tela za ispravnost hrane (EFSA) je 2.5 L/dan za muškarce i 2L/dan za žene, ali Institut za medicinu (IOM ) iz SAD daje preporuke za unos vode do 3.7 L/dan za muškarce i do 2.7 L/dan za žene. Uprkos značaju vode, po-daci o ukupnom unosu vode su retko prisutni u anketama ishrane, koriste se neprecizne metode za procenu unosa, odnosno ne postoji idealan biomarker za stupanj hidratacije. Pijenje vode je navika a putokaz ka dobroj hidrataciji je urin boje limuna.

HYDRATION AND WATER SOURCES IN THE DIETDanijela Ristić-MedićCentre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Serbia

Water is essential for life and maintaining optimum levels of hydration for health is important for all age groups. An adequate level of hydration depended on the rates of water intake (water from food and drinks in the diet, plus the water generated by metabolism of fat, carbohydrate, protein and alcohol) and water losses from the body (predominantly via the kidney as urine and thought out the skin as sweat). Water is es-sential for all metabolic processes in the body. It is important for proper blood circula-tion, kidney function and urinary tract, the muscles and the nervous system, the proper function of the bone-joint system, participates in the process of digestion, absorption

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and transport of nutrients and elimination of harmful substances, as well as to maintain a constant body temperature and thermoregulation. Water is the main constituent of the human body, representing about 60% of a body weight in male adults. Women have a lower proportion of body water between 50-55% because they have a high percent-age of body fat, which binds less water compared to muscle tissue, which predominates in men. The amount of water required for the physiological functioning of the body is di�erent and depends on gender, age, health status, ambient temperature and physical activity. Mild dehydration (water loss of 2-3% of body weight) is the condition of the body which leads to earlier onset of fatigue in the body activities and feel that the ac-tivity is more demanding so that have a negative impact on cognitive function. In the typical diet, about 20-30% of the day water intake comes from foods and the remaining 70-80% comes from drinks. The water content of some commonly consumed foods is: higher than 80% from soups, fruits and the most vegetables, 44-70% from hot meals, low that 40% from cereal products, low than 10% from savory snack and confectionery. The oxidation of the energy nutrients in food will add about 200-400ml of water per day. A recommendation for adequate water intake (AI) of The European Food Standards Agency (EFSA) was 2.5 L/day for men and 2 L/day for women, but Institute for medicine (IOM) of the US provides recommendations for water AI range up to 3.7 L/day for men and 2.7 L/day for women. Despite the importance of water, the data on total water in-take are rarely included in surveys of nutrition,used imprecise methods to assess intake, ie there is no ideal biomarker for the degree of hydration. Drinking water is a habit and a guide to good hydratation is lemon-colored urine.

44. ŠTA POLUMARATONCI ZNAJU O ADEKVATNOJ REHIDRACIJI?Vukašinović-Vesić M, Dikić N, Andjelković M, Stojmenović T, Baralić IUdruženje za medicinu sporta Srbije, Beograd, Srbija

Uvod: Cilj ove studije bio je da ispita znanje o pravilnoj hidraciji i nadoknadi tečnosti od strane elitnih trkača.

Metodologija: Na osnovu zaključaka ogruglog stola o hidraciji i nadoknadi tečnosti koji je organizovan od strane američkog koledža sportske medicine, razvijen je upitnik koji je dat dvadeset trojici trkača pre početka zvaničnog prvenstva Srbije održanog na me-đunarodnom beogradskom maratonu.

Upitnik se sastojao od tri dela: (1) demogra�ja; (2) izvori informacija o hidraciji; (3) pro-cena znanja o nadoknadi tečnosti. Kako bi identi�kovali izvore informacija i procenu znanja korišćena je deskriptivna statistika. Rezultat veći od 80 % datih tačnih odgovora se smatrao graničnom vrednošću za prolazak što je slično sa vrednostima korišćenim u drugim studijama.

Rezultati: Dvadeset i tri trkača uzrasta 26±5 godina. Srednja vrednost uspešnosti je bila 14 tačnih odgovora od 17 mogućih i u proseku su trkači dali 61.23% tačnih odgovora. Samo tri učesnika u studiji su uspeli da prođu upitnik (ukoliko uzmemo da je granična vrednost 80%). Dvadeset trkača su imali neprihvatljiv nivo znanja o pravilnoj hidraciji i nadoknadi tečnosti. Samo 4.55% trkača je znalo da fruktoza nije glavni ugljeni hidrat u


sportskom piću, dok 22.73 nije znalo odgovor na ovo pitanje a 72.73% je dalo pogrešan odgovor. Međutim, 68.18% je znalo da sportsko piće treba da sadrži natrijum, 27.27% nije znalo tačan odgovor a samo 4.55% je dalo pogrešan odgovor. Većina trkača je kori-stila svoje trenere kao relevantan izvor informacija kada je u pitanju hidracija a kao drugi izvor informisanja navode internet.

Zaključak: Podaci iz ove studije jasno pokazuju da naših dvadeset i tri polumaratonca nemaju dovoljno saznanja o pravilnoj hidraciji. Smatramo da je neophodno edukovati, ne samo sportiste nego i njihove trenere i uputiti ih u principe pravilne hidracije u cilju poboljšanja njihovog znanja i sportske performanse.

THE KNOWLEDGE OF HALF MARATHONERS ABOUT ADEQUATE REHYDRATIONVukasinovic-Vesic M, Dikic N, Andjelkovic M, Stojmenovic T, Baralic I Sports Medicine Association of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia

Introduction: The aim of this study was to examine the knowledge of proper hydration strategies and �uid replacement knowledge of elite male runners.

Methodology: Based on American College Sport Medicine round table discussion of �uid replacement and hydration, a questionnaire was developed and given to twenty three male runners on the o�cial Serbian Championship held on International Belgrade Marathon event.

There were three sections in the questionnaire: (1) demographic information; (2) sourc-es of hydration information; (3) knowledge assessment of �uid replacement guidelines. To indentify the sources of information and scores on the knowledge assessment, de-scriptive statistics were used. Score of 80% was used for passing the rate for the knowl-edge assessment, which is in line with similar studies.

Results: The mean age of twenty three runners was 26±5 years. The mean assessment score was 14 correct responses out of a possible 17 and, in average, runners gave 61.23% of correct answers. Only 3 participants obtained a passing score on the questionnaire (taking in account score of 80 % as a cut o� value). Twenty runners had unacceptable level of hydration and �uid replacement knowledge. Only 4.55% of them knew that fructose is not main carbohydrate in sport drink, while 22.73% did not have answer on this question and 72.73% gave wrong answer. However, 68.18% knew that sport drink should contain sodium, 27.27% did not know answer and only 4.55% gave the wrong answer. Most of the runners used their coaches as relevant source of information about hydration, followed by internet as second source.

Conclusion: Our data clearly showed that runners do not have su�cient knowledge about proper hydration. Adequate strategy which would include education of athletes on this issue, but also their coaches as athlete’s �rst source of information is needed in order to improve their knowledge.

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45. EFEKTI DOBROVOLJNOG PREKIDA UNOSA TEČNOSTI NA KOŠARKAŠKE ŠUTERSKE PERFORMANSE I SPRETNOST PRSTIJUVladimir Puzović1, Katarina Krasić1, Slađan Karaleić2

1Fakultet medicinskih nauka, Univerzitet u Kragujevcu, Kragujecac, Srbija2Fakultet za sport i �zičko vaspitanje, Univerzitet u Prištini, Leposavić, Srbija

Uvod: Cilj ove studije bio je da uporedi košarkaške šuterske performanse i spretnost prstiju pre i posle 10 sati dobrovoljnog prekida unosa tečnosti.

Materijal i metode: U studiji je učestvovalo 14 muških subjekata, starosti od 18 do 20 godina. Svi treniraju košarku najmanje 8 godina i igraju na pozicijama od 1 do 3. Subjek-ti su testirani dva puta, prvo testiranje je sprovedeno između 9.40 i 10.00 časova ujutru. Nakon testiranja, u 10.00h ujutru, subjekti su imali poslednji unos tečnosti, u vidu 3 dl vode, pre pauze od 10 časova bez unošenja tečnosti. Drugo testiranje je sprovedeno u periodu od 20.00 do 20.20h. Tokom perioda od 10 časova bez unosa tečnosti, ispitani-ci su imali uobičajene dnevne aktivnosti ali bez treninga ili povećanih �zičkih napora. Baterija testova sastojala se od tri šuterska testa, svaki sa različite distance i od jednog testa za spretnost prstiju šake. Šuterski testovi su se sastojali od ukupno 10 šuteva po testu, po 2 šuta sa svake pozicije (0o, 45o, 90o, 45o, 0o), prvi test je rađen na udaljenosti od 1.5m od koša, drugi na 4.5m od koša i treći na 6.75m od koša, igrači su imali najviše 20 sekundi po testu, svaki test je rađen dva puta i bolji rezultat je zabeležen. Spretnost prstiju testirana je “Nine hole peg testom”, subjekti su imali po dva pokušaja i vreme boljeg je zabeleženo.

Statistička analiza urađena je korišćenjem statističkog paketa SPSS 18. Za deskripciju parametara od itneresa koristili smo metode deskriptivne statistike: mere centralne ten-dencije (srednju vrednost) i mere varijabilnosti (standardnu devijaciju). Za procenu razli-ke u šuterskim sposobnostima i spretnosti prstiju pre i posle perioda bez unosa tečnosti koristili smo Upareni “T” test, p vrednost je iznosila < 0.05.

Rezultati: Sa p vrednošću na < 0.05, rezultati pokazuju da postoji statistički značajna razlika u dva od ukupno četiri testa. U šuterskom testu sa distance od 6,75m (linija za tri poena) i u “Nine hole peg testu”, subjecti su imali signi�kantno bolje rezultate prilikom jutarnjeg testiranja, kada su bili dobro hidrirani, nego prilikom večernjeg testiranja na-kon 10 časova bez unosa tečnosti. U druga dva testa, šuterski test sa 1.5m i šuterski test sa 4.5m od koša, nije postojala statistički značajna razlika.

Zaključak: U zaključku možemo reći da je prekid unošenja tečnosti u trajanju od 10 časova imao negativne efekte na šuterske sposobnosti sa udaljenosti od 6.75 od koša (linija za tri poena), kao i negativne efekte na spretnost i koordinaciju prstiju procenjenu kroz “Nine hole peg test”.

Ključne reči: Unos tečnosti, Šutiranje u košarci, Spretnost prstiju


EFFECTS OF VOLUNTARY FLUID INTAKE DEPRIVATION ON BASKETBALL SHOOTING PERFORMANCE AND FINGER DEXTERITYVladimir Puzovic1, Katarina Krasic1, Sladjan Karaleic2

1Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia2Faculty of sports and physical education, University of Pristina, Leposavic, Serbia

Intrudoction: The aim of this study was to compare basketball shooting performance and �nger dexterity skills before and after 10 hours of voluntary �uid intake deprivation.

Material and methods: This study included 14 male subjects, 18 to 20 years old. All subjects train basketball for at least 8 years, and play on position 1 to 3. All subjects were tested two times, �rst testing was done between 9.40h and 10.00h in the morning. After testing at 10.00h subjects had their last water intake of 3 dl before the 10 hours of �uid intake deprivation. Second testing was done starting at 20.00h and �nished until 20.20h. During the period of 10 hours of �uid intake deprivation, subjects had normal daily activities, without training and enhanced physical activities. Test battery consist-ed of 3 shooting tests, each test from di�erent distance and one �nger dexterity test. Shooting tests consisted of total of 10 shots per test, 2 shots from each of �ve positions (0o, 45o, 90o, 45o, 0o), 1st test was done 1.5m from basket, 2nd was done 4.5m from basket and 3rd was done 6.75m from basket, players had a maximum of 20 seconds per test, each test was done two times and better result was recorded. Finger dexterity was tested with Nine hole peg test, subjects had two trials, and better time was recorded.

Statistical analysis was performed by using the statistical package SPSS 18. For a de-scription of the parameters of interest we used the methods of descriptive statistics: measures of central tendency (mean value) and measures of variability (standard devi-ation). For assessment the di�erence in shooting and �nger dexterity skills before and after water deprivation we used Paired Samples ‘T’ test, p value vas set on < 0.05.

Results: With a p value set on < 0.05, results showed that there is statistically signi�cant di�erence, in two of four tests. In shooting test, with distance of 6.75m (three point line) and in Nine hole peg test, in both of those tests, subjects had signi�cantly better results in morning testing when they were well hydrated, than in the evening testing after 10 hours of �uid intake deprivation period. In other two tests, shooting from 1.5m and 4.5m from the basket, there weren’t statistical di�erence.

Conclusion: In conclusion we can say that 10 hours �uid intake deprivation period had negative e�ects on basketball shooting performance from distance behind 6.75m from basket (three point line), as well as on �nger dexterity and coordination assessed by “Nine hole peg test”.

Key words: Fluid intake, Shooting performance, Finger dexterity

USMENE PREZENTACIJE III ORAL PRESENTATIONS III


46. KONTAMINACIJA DIJETETSKIH SUPLEMENATALjilja Torović1,2, Danijela Lukić1, Biserka Mihajlović1, Ljiljana Trajković-Pavlović1,2, Radmila Velicki1,2

1Institut za javno zdravlje Vojvodine, Novi Sad, Srbija2Medicinski fakultet, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Novi Sad, Srbija

Uvod: Zbog mogućnosti kontaminacije biljnog materijala pesticidima, suplementi koji sadrže biljni materijal podležu kontroli ostataka pesticida. Toksični metali mogu poticati iz šireg spektra izvora, i njihovo prisustvo se kontroliše u suplementima bez obzira na tip sastojaka. Obzirom da unos napred navedenih kontaminanata, putem suplemenata ili drugih namirnica, može imati ozbiljne negativne posledice na ljudsko zdravlje, postav-ljene su maksimalno dozvoljene koncentracije (MDK) sa ciljem sprovođenja kontrole bezbednosti hrane. Za rezidue pesticida u suplementima, MDK vrednosti su zasnovane na MDK za biljni materijal. MDK vrednosti za olovo, kadmijum i živu u suplementima iznose 3, 1 i 0.1mg/kg, respektivno. Ovaj rad prikazuje rezultate kontrole ostataka pesti-cida i toksičnih metala u dijetetskim suplementima.

Metodologija: Tokom godinu dana (2012/2013), analizirano je 50 suplemenata koji sa-drže biljke ili ekstrakte biljaka na ostatke pesticida, i 85 suplemenata različitog sastava na toksične metale. Za ciljanu analizu ostataka 54 pesticida primenjena je analitička me-toda koja uključuje QuEChERS pripremu uzorka i gasnu hromatogra�ju sa masenom spektrometrijom za detekciju. Sadržaj toksičnih metala je odredjen atomskom apsorpci-onom spektrometrijom, korišćenjem plamene tehnike za olovo (LK 0.1mg/kg) i kadmi-jum (0.02mg/kg), i tehnike hladnih para za živu (0.01mg/kg).

Rezultati: Analiza ostataka pesticida pokazala je da nijedan od analiziranih uzoraka ne sadrži ostatke pesticida u količini koja se može detektovati primenjenom metodom. U pogledu toksičnih metala, 17.6% uzoraka je bilo pozitivno, ali sa sadržajem ispod ili na nivou odgovarajuće MDK vrednosti: 3 uzorka su sadržavala olovo, 6 kadmijum i 10 živu. Nivoi metala, izraženi kao procenat odgovarajuće MDK vrednosti, su se kretali u opsegu (3.3-5.0)% za olovo; (2.0-73.0)% za kadmijum; (10.0-100)% za živu. Dodatno, tri uzorka (3.2%) su prekoračila MDK za olovo (opseg 6.6-9.4mg/kg), sva tri suplementa sa mine-ralom zeolitom („vulkanski mineral Clinoptilotit, 100% prirodan, za detoksi�kaciju orga-nizma). Dnevni unos olova iz najviše kontaminiranog suplementa, izračunat na osnovu doze preporučene od strane proizvodjača: (3-5)g/dan za preventivnu i (8-10)g/dan za intenzivnu detoksi�kaciju, bi iznosio (0.40-0.67)μg/kg tm/dan i (1.07-1.34)μg/kg tm/dan (za osobu telesne mase 70kg), respektivno. Prema WHO (2011), unos olova od 1.2μg/kg tm/dan je povezan sa populacionim porastom sistolnog krvnog pritiska od 1mmHg.

Zaključak: U analiziranim suplementima nisu nadjene merljive količine ostataka pesti-cida. Sa druge strane, rezultati određivanja sadržaja toksičnih metala podržavaju strog stav u svrhu prevencije njihovog unosa putem suplemenata. Naklonjenost potrošača i učestalost konzumiranja imaju veliki uticaj na dnevni unos kontaminanata putem su-plemenata, medjutim, bezbednost proizvoda na tržištu je od suštinske važnosti.

Ključne reči: dijetetski suplementi, ostaci pesticida, toksični metali

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CONTAMINATION OF FOOD SUPPLEMENTSLjilja Torović1,2, Danijela Lukić1, Biserka Mihajlović1, Ljiljana Trajković-Pavlović1,2, Radmila Velicki1,2

1Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia2Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia

Introduction: Due to the possibility of contamination of plant material with pesticides, herb-based supplements undergo pesticide residues control. Toxic metals can origi-nate from broader spectrum of sources, and their presence is controled in supplements regardless of ingredient type. As ingestion of aforementioned contaminants, via sup-plements or any other foodstu�s, can bring serious negative consequences on human health, maximum levels (ML) have been established to facilitate control of food safety. For pesticide residues in supplements, MLs are based on MLs for plant material. MLs for lead, cadmium and mercury in supplements are set on 3, 1 and 0.1mg/kg, respectively. This paper presents results of the control of pesticide residues and toxic metals content in food supplements.

Methodology: During one year (2012/2013), 50 supplements containing plants or ex-tracts of plants were analysed for pesticide residues, and 85 supplements with various ingredients for toxic metals. For target analysis of 54 pesticide residues, analytical meth-od comprised of QuEChERS sample preparation procedure and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry was used. Content of toxic metals was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry, using �ame for lead (LOQ 0.1mg/kg) and cadmium (0.02mg/kg), and cold vapor technique for mercury (0.01mg/kg).

Results: Considering pesticides, all analysed samples showed absence of detectable quantities of residues. Regarding toxic metals, 17.6% of samples were positive, but bel-low or on the MLs: 3 samples contained lead, 6 cadmium and 10 mercury. Metal levels, expressed as percent of respective ML, were in the range (3.3-5.0)% for lead; (2.0-73.0)% for cadmium; (10.0-100)% for mercury. Additionally, three samples (3.2%) exceeded ML for lead (range 6.6-9.4mg/kg), all three mineral supplements containing zeolite („vul-canic mineral Clinoptilolit, 100% natural, for detoxi�cation“). Daily intake of lead from the most contaminated supplement, based on dose recommended by producer: (3-5)g/day for preventive detoxi�cation and (8-10)g/day for intensive detoxi�cation, would be (0.40-0.67)μg/kg bw/day and (1.07-1.34)μg/kg bw/day (for 70kg body weight person), respectively. According to WHO (2011), intake of 1.2μg Pb/kg bw/day is associated with population increase in systolic blood pressure of 1mmHg.

Conclusion: In studied supplements, no detectable levels of analysed pesticide resi-dues were found. On the other hand, results of toxic metals content support vigilant attitude in order to prevent their ingestion from supplements. Consumers’ preference and frequency of consumption have immense in�uence on daily intake of contaminant from supplements, however, safety of the marketed products is crucial.

Keywords: food supplements, pesticide residues, toxic metals


47. ADITIVI U DIJETETSKIM SUPLEMENTIMALjilja Torović1,2, Gordana Milojević-Miodragović1, Biserka Mihajlović1, Ljiljana Trajković-Pavlović1,2, Milka Popović1,2

1Institut za javno zdravlje Vojvodine, Novi Sad, Srbija2Medicinski fakultet, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Novi Sad, Srbija

Uvod: Sintetske boje, konzervansi i intenzivni zasladjivači čine značajne klase prehram-benih aditiva, široko korišćene u mnogim namirnicama, uključujući dijetetske suple-mente, u cilju poboljšanja izgleda, produženja trajnosti ili postizanja slasti. Upotreba nekih aditiva je veoma kontroverzna usled sumnji da mogu da izazovu negativne zdrav-stvene efekte. U cilju zaštite zdravlja ljudi, uspostavljeni su maksimalni dozvoljeni nivoi aditiva u hrani. Svrha ovog rada je prikaz rezultata kontrole aditiva u dijetetskim suple-mentima dostupnim na tržištu 2012. godine.

Metodologija: Kontrola prisustva sintetskih boja je sprovedena primenom kvalitativne metode tankoslojne hromatogra�je (14 boja; 164 suplementa). Konzervansi (sorbinska i benzoeva kiselina; 18 tečnih suplemenata) i zaslađivači (aspartam, saharin i acesulfam K; 40 suplemenata) su analizirani samo ukoliko su bili navedeni na deklaraciji, primenom tečne hromatogra�je visoke e�kasnosti sa UV-Vis detekcijom.

Rezultati: Sintetske boje su identi�kovane u 17,1% analiziranih suplemenata, pri čemu su najčešće prisutne boje bile ponso 4R, sanset žuta, tartrazin i brilijant crna. Rezultati dobijeni za sadržaj konzervanasa su pokazali da je on ispod dozvoljenog nivoa u svim analiziranim suplementima, sa maksimum od 1684,4mg/l za sumu sorbinske i benzoeve kiseline. Svi uzorci koji su podvrgnuti odredjivanju intenzivnih zasladjivača su pripadali suplementima namenjenim sportistima (proteini, aminokiseline, karnitin, kreatin). Sadr-žaj zasladjivača, izračunat za proizvode pripremljene za konzumiranje prema uputstvu za upotrebu (sa minimalnim faktorom razblaženja), se kretao u opsegu 44,8-555,7 mg/l za aspartam, 15,5-346 mg/l za acesulfam K i 27,3-74,1 mg/l za saharin. Uzimajući u obzir preporučenu dozu, rezultujući dnevni unos, izražen kao procenat prihvatljivog dnev-nog unosa, bi se kretao od 0,5-12,3% za aspartam, 0,8-32,9% za acesulfam K i 1,6-4,2% za saharin. Unosi izračunati za pojedinačne suplemente su ispod prihvatljivih dnevnih unosa, ali studije dijetarne izloženosti moraju uzeti u obzir dobro poznatu činjenicu da su mnogi sportisti redovni konzumenti više suplementa istovremeno.

Zaključak: Dijetetski suplementi obradjeni u ovom radu su usaglašeni sa zakonskim zahtevima u pogledu prisustva/sadržaja navedenih aditiva, kao i njihovog deklarisanja. Medjutim, treba napomenuti da ukoliko se u obzir uzmu obrasci konzumiranja, neki sportisti bi mogli imati visok unos intenzivnih zasladjivača, posebno acesulfama K.

Ključne reči: dijetetski suplementi, boje, konzervansi, zasladjivači

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ADDITIVES IN FOOD SUPPLEMENTSLjilja Torović1,2, Gordana Milojević-Miodragović1, Biserka Mihajlović1, Ljiljana Trajković-Pavlović1,2, Milka Popović1,2

1Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia2Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia

Introduction: Synthetic colours, preservatives and high-intensity sweeteners are im-portant classes of food additives, widely used in many foodstu�s, including food sup-plements, to improve appearance, prolong shelf-life and provide sensation of sweet-ness. Some additives are very controversial due to suspicions of adverse health e�ects. To protect human health, maximum levels of additives in food are established. The ob-jective of this paper is to present results of the control of additives in food supplements available on the market in 2012.

Methodology: Control of synthetic colours was conducted by qualitative, thin layer chromatography method (14 colours; 164 supplements). Preservatives (sorbic and ben-zoic acid; 18 liquid supplements) and sweeteners (aspartame, saccharin and acesulfame K; 40 supplements) were analysed only if they were listed on the label, using high per-formance liquid chromatography with UV-Vis detection.

Results: Synthetic colours were identi�ed in 17.1% of analysed supplements; most frequently detected were ponceau 4R, sunset yellow, tartrazine and brilliant black. Re-sults obtained for content of preservatives showed that it was below allowed level in all tested supplements, with maximum 1686.4mg/l as sum of sorbic and benzoic acid. All samples analysed for high-intensity sweeteners were supplements intended for sports-people (proteins, aminoacids, carnitine, creatine). Content of sweeteners, calculated for ready-to-use products according to the instructions on the label (minimum dilution factor), was in the range 44.8-555.7mg/l for aspartame, 15.5-346.0mg/l for acesulfame K, and 27.3-74.1mg/l for saccharin. Taking into account recommended dose of the sup-plement, corresponding daily intake, expressed as percent of acceptable daily intake, would vary from 0.5-12.3% for aspartame, 0.8-32.9% for acesulfame K and 1.6-4.2% for saccharin. Intakes calculated for separate supplements are below acceptable daily in-takes, but studies of dietary exposure must take into consideration well known fact that many sportspeople are regular consumers of more than one supplement concurrently.

Conclusion: Food supplements presented in this work were in compliance with legal requirements regarding the presence/level of aforementioned additives, as well as their labelling. However, it should be noted that if consumption patterns are considered, some sportspeople could have rather high intake of intense sweeteners, especially ace-sulfame K.

Keywords: food supplements, colours, preservatives, sweeteners


48. POTENTILLA SPECIOSA: SASTAV I ANTIOKSIDANTNA AKTIVNOSTKovačević N.1, Đekić G.1, Dobrić S.2, Kundaković T.1, Lakušić B.1

1Univerzitet u Beogradu-Farmaceutsko fakultet, Vojvode Stepe 450, Beograd2Univerzitet odbrane, Medicinski fakultet VMA, Beograd

Potentilla speciosa Willd. (Rosaceae) je endemična biljna vrsta Balkanskog poluostrva. Ra-ste na krečnjačkoj podlozi u visokoplaninskom regionu Crne Gore. Poznato je da biljke roda Potentilla sadrže značajnu količinu taninskih materija. U narodu se zovu steže i koriste za pripremu oporog napitka kojim se tretiraju različiti problemi digestivnog trakta i kože. Smatra se da su polifenolni sastojci, tanini i �avonidi pre svega, važniji prirodni proizvodi koji su nosioci antioksidantne aktivnosti. Upravo zbog ovoga je i rađeno ispitivanje nekoli-ko vrsta roda Potentilla i endemične vrste P. speciosa. Za potrebe ispitivanja biljni materijal (rizom i herba) je prikupljen na planini Sinjajevina kod Kolašina, Crna Gora.

Iz prosušene herbe, predestilisano je etarsko ulje postupkom u aparatu po Clavenger-u; herba sadrži 0,1 % etarskog ulja. Gasnohromatografskom analizom (GC; GC/MS) odre-đen je sastav etarskog ulja; u največoj količini su zastupljeni linearni aldehidi (n-decanal, n-undecanal, n-pentadecanal) i alkoholi (n-undecanol, n-hexadecanol), kao i terpeni: linalol (1,55 %) i heksahidrofarnesi laketon (1,42 %).

Sadržaj �avonoida je određen spektrofotometrijskim postupkom; herba sadrži 0,3 % ukupnih �avonoida. Sadržaj tanina je određen gravimetrijskim postupkom; herba sadrži do 12,5 %, a rizom 13,0 % katehinskih tanina.

Antioksidantna aktivnost je ispitivana metodom određivanja inteziteta lipidne peroksida-cije, zasnivanoj na merenju apsorbancije produkta nastalog između tiobarbituratne kiseli-ne i malonildialdehida. Za potrebe eksperimenta, pripremljeni su ekstrakti herbe i rizoma; metanolni ekstrakt je separisan ekstrakcijom rastvaračima rastuće polarnosti. Ispitivani ekstrakti su bili veoma aktivni: npr. dodatak 5 % etil-acetatnog ekstrakta herbe u reakcionu smešu, umanjio je intenzitet lipidne peroksidacije za oko 80%, dok su dietil-etarski, etil acentatni i butanolni ekstrakti rizoma ispoljio ujednačenu aktivnost (70-76 % umanjen in-tenzitet lipidne peroksidacije). Sasvim je sigurno da su tanini u rizomu i herbi odgovorni za ovakve efekte. Flavonoidi, i to heterozidi, sigurno su doprineli dodatnom uticaju etil-ace-tatnog ekstrakta herbe na umanjenje lipidne peroksidacije. Uticaj pojedinih sastojaka etarskog ulja u ekstraktima i njihov uticaj na lipidnu peroksidaciju nije moguće proceniti bez dodatnih analiza sastava ektrakata i/ili paralenog ispitivanja aktivnosti etarskog ulja. Sasvim je sigurno da je ispoljena antioksidantna aktivnost odgovorna i za ipoljenu anti-in-�amatornu aktivnost i anti-ulkusnu aktivnost ispitivanih ekstrakata.

Supstance i proizvodi koji poseduju antiokidantnu aktivnost mogu da umanje proces formiranja slobodnih radika ili da ih neutrališu. Zato antioksidansi mogu da umanje opasnost od oštećenja ćelija, tkiva i �zioloških procesa i njihova primena može se sma-trati jednom vrstom zaštite organizma.

Ključne reči: Potentilla speciosa, herba rizom, etarsko ulje, polifenoni kompleks, antiok-sidantna aktivnost.

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POTENTILLA SPECIOSA: CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITYKovačević N.1, Đekić G.1, Dobrić S.2, Kundaković T.1, Lakušić B.1

1University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade2University of Defence, Faculty of Medicine-Medical Military Academy, Belgrade

Potentilla speciosa Willd. (Rosaceae) is Balkan subendemic plant species. This species grow up on the limestone ground in the high mountain region of Montenegro. It is known that the plants of the genus Potentilla contain a large amount of tannins. Serbian name of the Potentilla species is connected with the styptic taste; traditional these herbs are use as decoction form the treatment of digestive problems as well as for the damag-es and in�ammation of the skin. It seems that polyphenolic components, mainly tannins and �avonoids, are connected with antioxidant and some other pharmacological activ-ities. Because of that, this experiment deals with the investigation of subendemic plant species P. speciosa. The samples of plant material, herb and rhizome, were collected at the mountain Sinjajevina, near town Kolašin (Montenegro) during summer in the full �ower stage.

The essential oil is obtained by steam distillation from the dry herbs using Cleveng-er type of apparatus. The herb contained 0.1 % of oil. GC and GC/MS analyses reviled the main constituents of this herb oil: aliphatic linear aldehydes (n-decanal, n-undeca-nal, n-pentadecanal) and alcohols (n-undecanol, n-hexadecanol). Linalool (1.55 %) and hexahydrofarnesylacetone (1.42 %) were the most abundant terpenoids in the oil. The content of �avonoids was analyses using spectrophotometic method: the herb contained up to 0.3 % of total �avonoids. Tannins were determined using gravimetric method; herb contained up to 12.5 % of condensed tannins, while the content of these constituents in the rhizome of P. speciosa was around 13.0 %.

The determination of antioxidant activities was based on the determination of the in-tensity of lipid peroxidation. For the investigation of antioxidant potential, methanolic extract was prepared from the herb and rhizome of P. speciosa; from methanolic extracts di�erent fractions were prepared using the solvents of rising polarities.

Some good results were obtained with di�erent quantities of investigation extracts: with addition of 5 % of ethyl acetate extract of herb intensity of lipid peroxidation was decrease for 80 %. All investigated extracts of rhizome show good activities and decreased lipid per-oxidation for 70-76 %. It is quite sure that the main in�uence on this antioxidant activity was given by tannins and �avonoids. Probably �avonoid glycosides in�uence the better activity of the ethyl acetate extract of P. speciosa herb. It is not clear if the constituents of essential oil had some in�uence on antioxidant activity of the extract.

Previous results con�rmed anti-in�amatory and anti-ulcer activities of the extracts of P. speciosa herb and rhizome. Probably those pharmacological activities are connected with the antioxidative potential of the P. speciosa polyphenolic constituents. Further, natural antioxidants from plants (like Potentilla species), vegetables and fruit are im-portant as protection of cell, tissues and physiological processes from damages caused by free radical.

Keywords: Potentilla speciosa, herb, rhizome, essential oil, polyphenols, antioxidant activity.


49. ANTIOKSIDATIVNA AKTIVNOST VODENOG EKSTRAKTA SEMENA MIROĐIJE (ANETHUM GRAVEOLENS L.) DOBIJENOG ULTRAZVUČNOM EKSTRAKCIJOMLjiljana Stanojević, Biljana Stanković, Vesna Nikolić, Milorad Cakić, Dragan Cvetković, Dušica Ilić, Ana Tačić Tehnološki fakultet, Univerzitet u Nišu, Leskovac,Srbija

Mirođija (Anethum graveolens L.) je poznata madicinska biljka sa antimikrobnim, hipo-tenzivnim, diuretičnim, antiemetičnim, laksativnim i spazmolitičnim efektom. Lekoviti deo je seme, sveže ili sušeno lišće i gornji deo stabljike. Seme mirođije je sastojak suvog ploda Anethum graveolens. Celo seme i usitnjeni plodovi koriste se za izradu čajeva i dru-gih galenskih preparata za internu primenu. Seme mirođije sadrži etarsko ulje, masno ulje, azotna jedinjenja, pektine, �avonoide.

Vodeni ekstrakt semena mirođije dobijen je ultrazvučnom ekstrakcijom na sobnoj tem-peraturi. Antioksidativna aktivnost dobijenog ekstrakta ispitana je primenom DPPH i FRAP metode. Sadržaj ukupnih fenola je određen spektrofotometrijski metodom po Fo-lin-Ciocalteu, a sadržaj ukupnih �avonoida metodom sa AlCl3.

U ekstraktu je utvrđen visok sadržaj ukupnih fenola, dok je sadržaj ukupnih �avonoida znatno niži. Koncentracije ekstrakta potrebne za neutralisanje 50% početne koncentra-cije DPPH radikala (EC50) nakon 20 minuta inkubacije i neposredno nakon dodavanja DPPH radikala iznose 0,410 i 0,694 mg/cm3, respektivno. Veća sposobnost neutralisanja DPPH radikala postiže se nakon 20 minuta u odnosu na neikubirane ekstrakte. FRAP vrednost ispitivanog ekstrakta iznosi 28,37 mgFe/g suvog ekstrakta.

Prezentovani podaci o antioksidativnoj aktivnosti ekstrakta pokazuju da dobijeni ek-strakt predstavlja potencijalni izvor prirodnog antioksidanta.

Ključne reči: Seme mirođije, Anethum graveolens L., DPPH test, FRAP test, antioksidativ-na aktivnost.

Literatura

[1] Koppula S., Choi D.K., Anethum Graveolens Linn. (Umbelliferae), Extract Attenuates. Stress-induced Urinary Biochemical Changes and Improves Cognition in Scopolamine-induced Amnesic Rats, Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 10 (1) 47-54, 2011.[2] Leung A.Y., Foster S., Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients, Second Edition, A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, 2003.[3] Tucakov J., Lečenje biljem, RAD-Beograd, Beograd, 1997.

Rad je deo istraživanja u okviru projekta „Biljni i sintetski bioaktivni proizvodi novije generacije”, br. TR 34012, koji �nansira Ministarstvo prosvete i nauke Republike Srbije.

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ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT FROM DILL SEEDS (Anethum graveolens L.) OBTAINED BY ULTRASONIC EXTRACTIONLjiljana Stanojević, Biljana Stanković, Vesna Nikolić, Milorad Cakić, Dragan Cvetković, Dušica Ilić, Ana Tačić Faculty of Technology, University of Nis, Leskovac, Serbia

Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) is well known as medicinal herb with antimicrobial, hypo-tensive, antihyperlipidemic, diuretic, antiemetic, laxative and spasmolitic e�ect. The me-dicinal part is the seed, the fresh or dried leaves and the upper stem. Dill seed consists of the dried fruit of Anethum graveolens. Whole seeds and crushed fruits are used to make teas and other galenic preparations for internal application. Dill seeds contains essential oil, fatty oil, nitro-compounds, pectins, �avonoids.

Aqueous extract from dill seeds was obtained using ultrasonic extraction at room tem-perature. The antioxidant activity of extract was investigated using DPPH and FRAP methods. The total phenolic content was determined spectrophotometrically by the method of Folin-Ciocalteu, and the total �avonoids content by method with AlCl3.

In the extract was determined high content of total phenols, while the total �avonoid content is much lower. The concentrations of extract required to neutralize 50% of the initial concentration of DPPH radicals (EC50) after 20 minutes incubation and immedi-ately after adding DPPH radical solution were 0,410 i 0,694 mg/cm3, respectively. The neutralization of DPPH radicals after 20 minutes is higher than extract without incuba-tion. FRAP value of the investigated extract is 28,37 mgFe/g of dry extract.

Presented results of the antioxidant activity show that the obtained extract is a potential source of natural antioxidant.

Keywords: Dill seeds, Anethum graveolens L., DPPH test, FRAP test, antioxidant activity.

References

[1] Koppula S., Choi D.K., Anethum Graveolens Linn. (Umbelliferae), Extract Attenuates. Stress-induced Urinary Biochemical Changes and Improves Cognition in Scopolaminein-duced Amnesic Rats, Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 10 (1) 47-54, 2011.[2] Leung A.Y., Foster S., Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients, Second Edition, A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, 2003.[3] Tucakov J., Lečenje biljem, RAD-Beograd, Beograd, 1997.

This work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia (project TR 34012).


50. PLAVI I TAMNO CRVENI KUKURUZ KAO IZVOR CIANIDIN 3-GLUKOZIDA SA VISOKIM ANTIOKSIDACIONIM KAPACITETOMSlađana Žilić1a, Vural Gökmen2, Arda Serpen2, Gül Akıllıoğlu2, Jelena Vančetivić1b, Marijana Janković1a

1Institut za kukuruz „Zemun Polje“, aDepartment za tehnologiju i b Department za selekciju, Slobodana Bajića 1, Beo-grad-Zemun, Srbija2Department za prehrabeno inženjerstvo, Hacettepe Univerzitet, Beytepe, Ankara, Turska

Različit potencijal zdravstvenih koristi je jedan od glavnih razloga povećenog intere-sovanje za antocianine. Kao i drugi �avonoidi, antocianini i antocianidini (aglikonski oblici) imaju antioksidantna svojstva. Pored toga, antocianini su prepoznati kao zdrav-stveno-stimulativne supstance zbog svojih anti-in�amatornih, antikancerogenih i hipo-glikemijskih efekata. Kod kukuruza antocianini se uglavnom nalaze u aleuronskom sloju ili perikarpuzrna plave, ljubičaste ili tamno crvene boje i mogu se izdvojiti mlevenjem i vazdušnom separacijom kao antocianinima-bogata frakcijasa upotrebom u proizvodnji funkcionalnih boja ili visoko koncentrovanih dijetetskih suplemenata.Cianidin-3-glu-kozid je dominantan antocianin u obojenom kukuruzu, dok je dominantniaglikon ili antocianidincianidin i čini 73-87% od ukupnog sadržaja antocianidina. Ova istraživanja sprovedena su radi određivanja nivoa ukupnih antocianina i antioksidativnog kapacite-ta zrna,aleuronskog sloj i perikarpa kukuruza plave i tamno crvene boje, kao i identi�-kacije kompozicija antocianina.Merenje ukupnog antioksidativnog kapaciteta izvršeno je na osnovu direktne QUENC-HERmetode. Ukupni antocianini su izdvojeni prema metodi Abdel-Aal i Hucl (2003) sa manjim izmenama, a sadržaj je izražen kao mg protivvrednosti cianidin 3-glukozida(-CGE) po kg suve materije, koristeći molarni ekstinkcioni koe�cijent 25965 Abs/M× cm i molekulsku masu od 449,2 g/mol. Identi�kacija pojedinačnih antocianina je izvšena korišćenjem tečne hromatogra�je i masene spektrometrije (LC-MS).Prema našim rezultatima, kukuruz crvene i plave boje zrna sadrži širok spektar koncen-tracija ukupnih antocianina, od 2,50 do 696,07 mg CGE/kg. Tamno crveni kukuruz je imao najvišu koncentraciju ukupnih antocianina, zatim tamno plavi (597,15 mg CGE/kg) i svetlo plavi (378,92 mg CGE/kg). Cianidin 3-glukozid (Cy-3-Glu) je identi�kovan kao dominantni oblik antocianina, a sadržaj je u navedenim genotipovima iznosio 547,49, 312,43 i 308,24 mg/kg. Pelargonidin 3-glukozid (Pg-3-Glu), cianidin 3,5-diglucoside (Cy-3,5-diGlu ) i pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside (Pg-3,5-diGlu) su detektovani samo u trago-vima.Za razliku od celog zrna kukuruza, u aleuronskom i aleuron+perikarpsloju plavo-obojenog genotipa kukuruza, sadržaj ukupnih antocianina bio je znatno viši i iznosio je 3972,67, odnosno 2525,49mg CGE/kg. Rezultati sadržaja ukupnih i pojedinačnihantocianinaukazuju da kukuruz tamno crvene, tamno plave i svetlo plave boje zrnamože biti korišćen u proizvodnjidijetetskih suple-menata bogatih cianidin 3–glukozidom.Ključne reči: Plavi i tamno crveni kukuruz, antocianini, cianidin 3-glikozid, anioksidativ-ni kapacitet.

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BLUE AND DARK MAIZE AS SOURCE OF CYANIDIN 3-GLUCOSIDE WITH ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITYSlađana Žilić1a, Vural Gökmen2, Arda Serpen2, Gül Akıllıoğlu2, Jelena Vančetivić1b, Marijana Janković1a

1Maize Research Institute, aDepartment of Technology and bBreeding Department, Slobodana Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia2Department of Food Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey

Various potential health bene�ts are one of the main reasons that the interest in antho-cyanins has recently been raised. Like other �avonoids, anthocyanins and anthocyan-dins (the aglycone forms) have antioxidant properties. In addition, anthocyaninshave been recognized as health-enhancing substances due totheir anti-in�ammatory, anti-cancer and hypoglycemic e�ects.In maize the simple or acylated anthocyanin are main-ly located in the aleurone layer or pericarp of the blue, purple ordark red kernels and could be separated into anthocyanin-rich fractions for use as functional colorants or highly concentrated dietary supplements.The cyanidin 3-glucoside is the major antho-cyanin in colored maize, whilecyanidinis the main aglycone oranthocyanidin, account-ing for 73-87% of the total.The present study was conducted to observe the levels of total anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity of blue and dark red colored maize kernels, pericarp and aleurone, as well as to identify anthocyanin compositions.Measuring of the total antioxidant capacity was done based on QUENCHER method. Total anthocyanins were extracted according to the method described by Abdel-Aal and Hucl (2003) with slight modi�cations and expressed as mg of cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalent (CGE) per kg of d.m., using the molar extinction coe�cient of 25965 Abs/M× cm and a molecular weight of 449.2 g/mol.Identi�cation of anthocyanin compositions was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).According to our results, the maize kernels having red and blue colors were found to contain a wide concentration range of total anthocyanins from 2.50 to 696.07 mg CGE/kg. Dark red maize had the highest concentration of total anthocyanins followed by dark blue (597.15 mg CGE/kg) and light blue (378.92mg CGE/kg).Unlike the whole maize kernel, in the aleurone and aleurone + pericarplayers of blue pigmented maize gen-otypes, anthocyanin contents were3972.67 and 2525.49mg CGE/kg, respectively. Cy-anidin 3-glucoside (Cy-3-Glu) was found as the most dominant form of anthocyanins in these maize kernels and amounted 547.49, 312.43 and 308.24 mg/kg, respectively.Pelargonidin 3-glucoside (Pg-3-Glu), cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside (Cy-3,5-diGlu), and pelar-gonin 3,5-diglucoside (Pg-3,5-diGlu) were detected only in trace amounts in red- and blue-colored maize kernels.The results of total and individual anthocyanin contents indicate that dark red, dark blue and light blue maize may hold promise for the development of natural colorants and dietary supplements of cyanidin 3-glucoside.Keywords: Blue and dark red maize, anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-glucoside, antioxidant capacity.

MINI ORAL


51. BILJNI EKSTRAKTI KAKTUSA I ALGI KORIŠCENI U SUPLEMENTIMA ZA REGULACIJU TELESNE TEŽINEZagorka BlaževskaVita Nova-ZA d.o.o. Skopje, Makedonija

Tržište i proizvodnja suplemenata za regulaciju telesne težine je u konstantnoj potrazi za prirodnim, naučno dokazanim i sigurnim komponentama i njihovom primenom. Pored re-gulacije telesne težine pacijete prate i zdravstveni problemi kao što su povećanje holeste-rola, triglicerida i povećanje krvnog pristiska. Idealna kombinacija suplementata je ona koja rešava regulaciju telesne tezine i reguliše ili normalizuje i navedene zdravene probleme.Opuntia �cus indica L. je vrsta kaktusa koja pripada familiji Cactaceae. Ova familija obu-hvata oko 200 podvrsta kaktusa koji su rasprostranjeni najviše u Americi. Najčešću kuli-narsku primjenu ima Indijska Fig Opuntia (Opuntia Ficus indica) indijska smokva ili indij-ska opuncija, jer se njeni listovi i polodovi koriste kao sveža salata. Prva istraživanja Opuntia �cus indica započela su ispitivanjem sastava listova, a zatim i plodova jer imaju svojstva smanjenje telesne težine, ražličitim mehanizmom delovanja, ali imaju veliki uticaj i na regulacija zdravstvenih problema koje su praćeni povećanjem telesne težine. Istraživanja sa Brown seaweed - braon algama koje potiču iz dubine Atlanskog okeana dokazala su izražen efekat primene ovih ektrakta u regulaciju telesne težine, Mehani-zam delovanja je sasvim različit od delovanja estrakta kaktusa.Rezultati studija kaktusa i morskih algi sprovedenih na pacovima, a kasnije i studije kod žena pokazali su pozitivan efekat svih ektrakta koje su delovali različitim mehanizmima delovanja. Dvojna klicnica studija lista kaktusa – dokazuje smanjenje telesne tezine do 27%, ko-risteci unikatni mehanizam vezivanja masnih ćelija i to prvo hidrofobna interakcija iz-među masti i nerastvorljiivog vlakna, a nakon toga stabilizacija primarne interakcije i formiranje �uidnog gela.Prašak katusovog ploda (Opuntia �cus indica) smanjuje telesnu težinu za 20% u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu. Mehanizam delovanja odnosi se na smanjenje vodene mase, kori-steci diuretska svojstva aktivnog betalaina koji sadrži 65-85% indixantina. Braun morske alge sa svojim mehanizmom delovanja inhibiše digestivne enzime (ami-lazu i lipazu) i samim tim da utice na smanjenje telesne težine i do 22%.Primena ovih ekstrakata, kao jedina komponenta ili njihova kombinacija, daje sigurne, klinicke i naučno dokazani prirodne načine regulaciju telesne težine. Ključne reči: regulacija telesne težine, kaktus, morske alge, suplementi.

PLANT EXTRACTS FORM CATUS AND ALGAE USED IN WEIGHT MANAGEMENT CONTROLZagorka BlaževskaVita Nova-ZA d.o.o. Skopje, Makedonija

Market and sales doe supplements of weight management control is in constant search of scienti�cally proven and health ingredients and their implementation of �nished products.

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Besides weight management control, these patients su�er form other health problems like increased cholesterol levels, increased levels of triglycerides and increased blood pressure. Ideal combination for weight management supplements is the one that controls not only the overweight, but that also regulates or normalizes mentioned health problems.Opintia �cus indica L. is a species of cactus that belongs to the family Cactaceae. This family includes about 200 subspecies of cacti that are most abundant in America. The most common culinary use has Indian Fig Opuntia (Opuntia �cus indica), because its leaves and the position for use as fresh salads. The �rst research Opuntia �cus indica have begun examining the composition of leaves and then their fruit due to their weight reduction having various mechanism of action, but also due to the high impact of regulation of other weight related problems. Research of Brown seaweed - brown algae that come from the depth of the Atlantic ocean, have shown signi�cant use of these extract in weight management control. Mechanism of action is completely di�erent form the mechanism of action of cactus.Results of the clinical studies made on rats and clinical studies made on women, regard-ing the e�ect of cactus and algae extract show signi�cant positive e�ect for reduction in weight using various mechanism of action. Double clinical study for cactus leaves – results in weight reduction up to 27%, using unique binding mechanism of fat cells, starting with initial hydrophobic interaction be-tween fat and insoluble �ber, and after that stabilization of the primary interaction and forming �uid gel.Powder cactus fruit (Opuntia �cus indica) reduces the weight up to 20% in comparation with control group. Mechanism of action is based on water reduction, using the diuretic properties of the active betalain in form of 65-85% indixantine.Brow algae use di�erent mechanism of action, which is based on the inhibition of diges-tive enzymes (amilaza and lipaze) resulting in reduction of weight up to 22%.Using these kind of extracts, as one component of their combination, can give secure, clinically proven and scienti�cally approved natural way of weight control management.Keywords: weight management control, cactus, algae, supplements.

52. PREVENCIJA I REGENERACIJA KOŠTANO ZGLOBNOG SISTEMA TOKOM FIZIČKE AKTIVNOSTI U SPORTUPetar KojićOsnovna Škola „Svetozar Miletić“, Titel

Uvod: Ozbiljni poremećaji koji rezultiraju reumatskim bolestima poput reumatoidnog i koštanog artritisa koji korelira sa psorijazom, zatim reumatska i nereumatska oboljenja mekih tkiva kao što su zapaljenje mišića, tetiva, sinovijalne membrane i zglobova ili pak kostobolja kao posledica spondilitisa, uobičajene povrede u sportu kao što je više puta ponovljeno istezanje tetiva i ligamenata, povrede speci�čne za bavljenje određenim sportom poput tzv.” tenniskog lakta”, i dalje bolovi u leđima, išias, mišićni reumatizam i �bromialgija, problem su sa kojim se svakodnevno nosi veliki broj populacije među


kojima je najviše ljudi sa prekomernom telesnom težinom, sportista i onih koji se bave teškim �zičkim poslovima. Učestalost pomenutih tegoba korelira sa godinama, a stati-stika je ukazuje na to das u žene podložnije.

Metode: Metodologija ovoga rada izražena je kroz analizu zvanične literature, te obradi svetskih i naših iskustava o mogućnosti prevencije i regeneracije koštano-zglobno-ve-zivnog sistema uz pomoć suplemenata koji u sebi sadrže glukozamin sulfat, hondroitin sulfat, metilsulfonilmetan i C vitamin.

Rezultati: Rezultati rada nam potvrdjuju da dezintegracija koštano-zglobnog sistema, uz srčano-žilna i zloćudna oboljenja, predstavlja jedan od značajnijih problema sadaš-njeg čovečanstva. U SAD, Evropi i Japanu od osteoporoze boluje preko 100 miliona sta-novnika, češće žene nego muškarci, češće belci nego azijati i crnci.

Zaključak: Iz pomenutih studija i ispitivanja možemo zaključiti da su suplementi koji u sebi sadrže glukozamin sulfat, hondroitin sulfat, metilsulfonilmetan kao i C vitamin dostojna zamena analgetičkom I antiin�amatornom svojstvu različitih medikamenata. Pored preventivnog dejstva i svojstva da smiruju zapaljenje i otklanjaju bol, zaključuje-mo da pomenuti suplementi gotovo sigurno u isto vreme ne stvaraju neka nova ošte-ćenja na drugim mestima u organizmu. Dakle sinergizmom sastojaka koji ulaze u sastav pomenutih suplemenata, ne samo da se uspešno otklanja bol, redukuje zapaljenje i ob-navlja pokretljivost, već se i hrskavica štiti od daljeg “habanja” i istovremeno stimuliše stvaranje nove. A uz sve to važno je istaći da neželjenih dejstava nema.

Ključne reči: suplementi, koštano-zglobni sistem, glukozamin sulfat, hodroitin sulfat, metilsulfonilmetan

PREVENTION AND REGENERATION OF BONE JOINT SYSTEM DURING EXERCISE IN SPORTMr. Petar KojicElementary School “Svetozar Miletic”, Titel

Introduction: Severe disorders that result in rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and bone that correlates with psoriasis, then no rheumatic rheumatic and soft tissue disorders such as in�ammation of the muscles, tendons, and synovial membrane of joints or arthritis as a result of spondylitis, a common injury in sports such as multiple occurrences of stretching ten-dons and ligaments injuries speci�c to a Sport like so. “tenniskog elbow,” continued back pain, Isias, muscular rheumatism and �bromyalgia, the problem with that every day carries a large proportion of the population most of whom are people with excessive body weight, athletes and those engaged in heavy physical work. The frequency of these symptoms correlate with age, and the statistics indicate that as the top women more vulnerable.Methods: The methodology of this study is expressed through the analysis of o�cial litera-ture, the process of the world and our experience of the possibility of prevention and regen-eration of bone and joints and connective-system with the help of supplements that contain glucosamine sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, methylsulfonylmethane and C vitamin.

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Results: The results of this investigation con�rm that the disintegration of the musculoskel-etal system, the cardiovascular and malignant diseases , is one of the major problems of the present humanity. In the United States, Europe and Japan su�er from osteoporosis than 100 million people, more often women than men, more whites than blacks and Asians.Conclusion: From these studies and tests we can conclude that supplements that contain glu-cosamine sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, methylsulfonylmethane and vitamin C worthy replace-ment analgesic and anti-in�ammatory properties of various medications. In addition to pre-ventive actions and properties that reduce in�ammation and eliminate pain, we conclude that the above supplements are almost certainly at the same time does not create any new dam-age elsewhere in the body. So synergism of ingredients that form part of these supplements, not only to successfully eliminates pain, reduces in�ammation and restores mobility, but also protect cartilage from further “wear and tear” and at the same time stimulate the creation of new ones. Not to mention that it is important to note that no adverse e�ects.Keywords: supplements, bone-joint system, glucosamine sulfate, hodroitin sulfate, methyl-sulfonylmethane

53. ULOGA HETEROPOLISAHARIDA U HEMOPREVENCIJI I KARCINOGENEZIVladimir LaudanovićKarcinogeneza je proces koji obično traje godinama, a tokom kojeg nastaju progresivne genetske promene koje dovode do maligne transformacije. Nažalost, naša starenje, nasleđe, način života, redovno konzumiranje previše prerađene hrane gajene na zemljištu osiromašenom mineralima i mikroorganizmima zemljišta, bogatom nitratnim đubrivima i pesticidima, ozračena hrana, industrijski otrovi (�uorisa-na voda za picé ), pušenje, virusne infekcije, itd. direktno su povezani sa destabilizacijom DNK dovodeci do prekida vodoničnih veza između baznih parova DNK, što izaziva ab-normalno ubrzanu replikaciju otvorenih lanaca I time razvoj i ispoljavanje mnogih ne-gativnih pa čak i pogubnih procesa, poput karcinogeneze. Posledica toliko toksičnosti je realan i dramatičan porast stopa raka, autoimunih bolesti, sindroma toksičnog metala i još mnogo toga kod ljudi.Godina 1971. načelno se smatra početkom borbe protiv raka jer je tada američki pred-sednik Ričard Nikson potpisao Nacionalni zakon o borbi protiv raka “National Cancer Act”. Naravno, postignut je značajan napredak u razumevanju biologije raka, faktora ri-zika, lečenja i prognoze, međutim, napredak u smanjenju ukupne stope smrtnosti kod raka bio je razočaravajuć. Godine 1971. učestalost od raka iznosila je 7 prema 1, dok da-nas iznosi 3 prema 1 i 2 prema 1. Tokom prethodnih decenija učestalost raka eskalirala je do razmera epidemije, i pogađa gotovo jednog od dvojice muškaraca (44%), I jednu od tri žene (39%). Ovo povećanje znači oko 56% više kancera kod muškaraca i 22% više kod žena u samo jednoj generaciji. Prema Društvu za istraživanje raka Ujedinjenog Kra-ljevstva “Cancer Research UK” 42% današnjih Britanaca dobiće neki oblik raka. Sa nedavnim napretkom tehnologije i biotehnologije nova klasa farmakološki aktivnih polisaharida imunomodulatora nastala je iz odabranih lekovitih gljiva. Polisaharidi su po-limeri monosaharidnih ostataka spojenih međusobnim glikozidnim vezama. Vrlo malo imunološki aktivnih polisaharida iz pečurki su čisti β-glukani. Većina su heteroglukani.


Medicinske pečurke imaju dug istorijat terapeutske upotrebe u mnogim kulturama ši-rom sveta. Postoji više od 1,5 miliona vrsta gljiva na Zemlji, dok se broj pečuraka (macro-fungus, plod tela gljive) procenjuje na 14000. Penicillin je najpoznatija gljiva proizvede-na iz “Penicillin notatum”. Tehnologija tek u poslednjih 20 godina može da biohemijski analizira tradicionalne lekovite gljive i izoluje njihove najaktivnije antikancerogene sastojke. Mnoga jedinjenja polisaharida dobijenih iz pečuraka došla su do faza I, II i III kliničkih ispitivanja, a opsežno i uspešno se koriste u Aziji za lečenje raznih vrsta raka i drugih bolesti. Od njih najviše istraživanja je vršeno na Ganoderma Lucidum, Grifo-la Frondosa, Agaricus Blazei Murill, vrstama Cordyceps-a, Trametes Virsicolor i Lentinus edodes. Pojedina jedinjja iz medicinskih gljiva PSK, Lentinan, Grifolan su priznata od strane Americkog Drzavnog Instituta za Istrazivanje Raka kao antitumorski agensi. Tre-nutno na Medline-u postoji 452 objavljena naucna članka o medicinskim pečurkama, 744 članaka baziranih na Cordyceps-u, 637 članaka koji sadrže reči pečurke i rak, I td. Polisaharidi iz pečuraka se intenzivno istražuju zbog svojih antimikrobnih, antivirusnih, antitumorskih, antialergijskih, imunomodulatornih, antiin�amatornih, hipoglikemičnih, hepatoprotektivnih svojstava. Polisaharidi iz pečuraka proizvode antitumorske efekte na dva načina; direktno inseri-rajuci se u proces replikacije DNK i indirektno, modulacijom različitih reakcija imunite-ta domaćina, urođenih (nespeci�čnih) i stečenih (speci�čnih), i to aktiviranjem mnogih vrsta imunoloskih ćelija bitnih za održavanje homeostaze:. ćelija domaćina (poput ci-totoksičih makrofaga, monocita, neutro�la, ćelija ubica, dendritskih ćelija) i hemijskih glasnika (citokina poput interleukina, interferona, stimulišućih faktora kolonija) koji pokreću komplementarne i akutne faze reakcije. Utvrđeno je da ovi polimeri gluko-ze kod određenih patogenih bakterija i gljivica postoje na spoljašnjem zidu ćelije i kad jednom uđu u telo makrofag ih prepoznaje kao patogene i pokreće lanac imunoloskog odgovora. U stvari, telo poveruje da je napadnuto od strane bakterije. Pokazalo se da polisaharidi kao adjuvantna terapija hemoterapijskom i radijacijskom lečenju raka ima-ju pozitivnu ulogu u obnovi hematopoeze nakon ostecenja koštane srži. Imunoterapija korišćenjem monoklonskih antitela je nova strategija lečenja raka. Heteroglukani iz pecuraka su i imuno modulatori sto znaci kad se daju pacijentima ciji je imunitet oslabljen rakom, HIV-om, hepatitisom broj I aktivnost belih krvnih zrnaca raste, suprotno tome ako se daju ljudima sa hiperreaktivnim imunitetom kao sto je slucaj sa lupusom, limfomom, reumatoidnim artritom broj belih krvih zrnaca opada a raste broj cr-venih krvnih zrnaca. Pa se postavlja pitanje kako isto jedinjenje kod jednog izaziva stimuli-sanje imuniteta a kod hiperreaktivnog imuniteta inhibiciju. Mehanizam lezi najverovatni-je u procesu diferencijacije krvnih celija, sve krvne celije (eritrociti I leukociti) se stvaraju u kostanoj srzi dugih kostju odatle kao nezrele idu prema raznim organima (slezini, limfnim zlezdama) gde ce sazreti u leukocite, eritrocite. Primer je najpoznatiji lek napravljen od jednog roda Cordycepsa CIKLOSPORIN (koristi se pri transplantaciji organa).Prevencija raka, odnosno “hemoprevencija” najbolja je intervencija u ovom procesu koji prethodi razvoju invazivne bolesti.

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ROLE OF HETEROPOLYSACCHARIDES IN CHEMOPREVENTION AND CARCINOGENESISVladimir Laudanović

Carcinogenesis is process which normally takes several years during which progressive genetic changes occur leading to malignant transformation.

Unfortunately our aging, heredity, lifestyle, race, regular consumption of over pro-cessed foods grown on farmland soil depleted of minerals and soil microorganisms rich in nitrate fertilizers and pesticides, irradiated food, industrial toxins (�uoridated drinking water), smoking, viral infections, etc, are directly connected to DNA destabi-lization by breakage of hydrogen bonds between the base pairs of DNA causing ab-normal accelerated replication of open strands to the development and expression of many negative and even fatal processes, such as carcinogenesis. The consequence of so much toxity is humankind’s real and dramatic increase in rates of cancer, autoimmune diseases, toxic metal syndrome and much more.

The year 1971 is generally viewed as the beginning of the war on cancer when U.S. President Richard Nixon signed National Cancer Act. Of course there has been sig-ni�cant progress in the understanding of cancer biology, risk factors, treatments, and prognosis , however progress in reducing the overall cancer mortality rate has been disappointing. In 1971 cancer incidence was 7 to 1 today is 3 to 1 and 2 to 1. Over recent decades, the incidence of cancer has escalated to epidemic proportions striking nearly one in two men (44%) and more than one in three women (39%). This increase translates into approximately 56% more cancer in men and 22% more cancer in women over the course of a single generation. According to Cancer Research UK now 42% of Britons will get some form of cancer.

With recent advances in technology and biotechnology a new class of pharmacological-ly active polysaccharide immunomodulators emerged from selected medicinal mush-rooms. Polysaccharides are polymers of monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages. Very few of immunologically active polysaccharides from mush-rooms are pure β-glucans. Most are heteroglucans.

Mushrooms have long history of therapeutic use in many cultures around the world. There are more than 1.5 million species of fungi on the Earth, number of mushrooms (macrofungus, fruit body of a fungus) is estimated to be at 14,000. Penicillin being the most famous fungi produced from “Penicillin notatum”. It was only in the last 20 years that technology was capable of biochemically dissecting traditional medicinal mush-rooms and isolating their most active anticancer constituents. Many of the mushroom polysaccharide compounds have proceeded through to Phases I, II and III clinical trials , and are used extensively and successfully in Asia to treat various cancers and other diseases. The most researched of those are Ganoderma Lucidum, Grifola Frondosa, Agaricus Blazei Murill , Cordyceps species, Trametes Virsicolor and Lentinus edodes. At this moment there are 452 articles published on Medline on Medicinal mushrooms, 744 based on Cordyceps, 637 articles containing name mushrooms and cancer. Mushroom polysaccharides are extensively researched for their antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor,


antiallergic, immunomodulating, anti-in�ammatory, antiatherogenic, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective properties.

Polysaccharides from mushrooms produce their anti-tumor e�ects in two ways, indi-rectly by modulating di�erent immune responses in the host’s innate (non-speci�c) and acquired (speci�c) immune responses by activating many kinds of immune cells that are important for the maintenance of homeostasis, e.g. host cells (such as cytotoxic macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, natural killer cells, dendritic cells) and chemi-cal messengers (cytokines such as interleukins, interferon, colony stimulating factors) that trigger complement and acute phase responses. They can also be considered as multi-cytokine inducers able to induce gene expression of various immunomodulato-ry cytokines and cytokine receptors. As a consequence, both innate and adaptive re-sponse can be modulated by β-glucans and they can also enhance opsonic and non-op-sonic phagocytosis. These glucose polymers are found to exist on the outer cell wall on certain pathogenic bacteria and fungi, once they enter body they will be recognized as pathogens by macrophages and trigger the entire immune response. In e�ect, body would believe as it is invaded by bacterium. Polysaccharides as adjuvant to cancer che-motherapy and radiotherapy demonstrated the positive role in the restoration of he-matopoiesis following by bone marrow injury. Immunotherapy using monoclonal an-tibodies is a novel strategy of cancer treatment. These antibodies activate complement system and opsonize tumor cells with iC3b fragment. In contrast to microorganisms, tumor cells, as well as other host cells, lack beta-glucan as a surface component and cannot trigger complement receptor 3-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and initiate tu-mor-killing activity. This mechanism could be induced in the presence of beta-glucans

Cancer prevention “Chemoprevention”is the best intervention in this process before invasive disease develops

54. SUPLEMENTACIJA FOLNOM KISELINOM U PREVENCIJI DEFEKATA NEU-RALNE CEVIĐurđica Bojić, Irena HomšekGalenika a.d. Beograd

Folna kiselina je sintetski oblik folata, vitamina B grupe. Prirodni izvor folata su zeleno lisnato povrće, pasulj, kvasac, voće, jaja i džigerica. Folna kiselina ima široku primenu u suplementaciji i obogaćivanju namirnica jer je stabilnija i bolje se apsorbuje od folata. Ideja za dodavanje folne kiseline namirnicama nastala je na osnovu pozitivnih rezultata brojnih kliničkih studija koja su pokazala da se na taj način značajno smanjuje rizik od pojave defekata neuralne cevi (NTD) fetusa, usled njenog nepotpunog zatvaranja u pr-vih 28 dana trudnoće. Prepoznajući značaj ove suplementacije Svetska zdravstvena organizacija preporučuje svim ženama koje planiraju trudnoću, kao i trudnicama u prvih 12 nedelja trudnoće,

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povećanje unosa folata, obzirom da se on ne može obezbediti samo kroz ishranu. Zbog toga se danas na tržištu može naći veliki broj dodataka ishrani koji sadrže folnu kiselinu u određenim dozama. Pored toga, povećan unos folata može se postići i obogaćivanjem (forti�kacijom) pojedinih namirnica folnom kiselinom. Prilikom donošenja odluke o uvođenju obaveznog obogaćivanja namirnica folnom ki-selinom razmatra se odnos koristi i rizika od njenog povećanog unosa na zdravlje. Za-ključci epidemioloških studija sugerišu da povećan unos folata smanjuje rizik od kar-diovaskularnih bolesti, nastanka nekih kancera i opadanja kognitivnih sposobnosti sa godinama, ali ne isključuju mogućnost i pojave neželjenih efekata (npr. rizika od na-stanka kolorektalnog karcinoma). Rezultati studija sprovedenih na životinjama su po-kazali da visok unos folne kiseline može imati dvostruki efekat na rizik od karcinoma: a) inhibirajući-na normalna tkiva, b) stimulišući-na maligne transformacije postojećih neoplazmi. Međutim još uvek nema dovoljno podataka za ozbiljnu procenu, pa s tim u vezi su potrebna dalja ispitivanja kod životinja i ljudi, kao i nastavak dugoročnog praće-nja efekata visokog unosa folne kiseline na rizik za nastanak karcinoma. Obavezno obogaćivanje namirnica folnom kiselinom, kao strategiju za smanjenje inci-dence NTD, uvelo je preko 50 zemalja širom sveta uključujući SAD, Kanadu, Australiju. Tako je npr. obogaćivanje brašna u SAD i Kanadi rezultiralo značajnim smanjenjem (od 28 % do 46 %) broja trudnoća sa defektima neuralne cevi fetusa.Iako se mogućnost obavezne forti�kacije hrane folnom kiselinom razmatra, ona nije uvedena ni u jednoj državi Evrope. Ipak u mnogim zemljama pojedine namirnice (mleč-ni proizvodi, cerealije, voćni sokovi, hleb) se dobrovoljno obogaćuju u skladu sa propi-sima regulative 1925/2006/EC kojom još uvek nije de�nisana i maksimalna dozvoljena količina za dodavanje folne kiseline namirnicama. Obavezno obogaćivanje namirnica se razmatra u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu i Irskoj, a u Švedskoj je odbijeno.U Srbiji se još uvek ne sprovodi obavezno obogaćivanje namirnica folnom kiselinom, ali je skladu sa preporukama Svetske zdravstvene organizacije Galenika ad 2009. godine svoju Vit Up paletu dodataka ishrani proširila proizvodom Folna kiselina 400 mcg �lm tableta, potvrđujući na taj način da kao društveno odgovorna kompanija brine za zdra-vo potomstvo.Ključne reči: defekti neuralne cevi, folna kiselina, forti�kacija namirnica, dodaci ishrani

FOLIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION IN PREVENTION OF NEURAL TUBE DEFECTSĐurđica Bojić, Irena HomšekGalenika a.d. Beograd

Folic acid is the synthetic form of folate, member of B-group vitamins. Natural sources of folates include green leafy vegetables, bean, yeast, fruit, eggs and liver. Folic acid is widely used in sup-plementation and food forti�cation because it is more stable in foods and is better absorbed than natural folates.The idea for folic acid food forti�cation resulted from the favorable results of numerous clinical studies that have shown signi�cant reduction of neural tube defects (NTD) risk in the fetus caused by its incomplete closure in the �rst 28 days of pregnancy.


Recognizing the importance of such supplementation, the World Health Organization recom-mends to women planning a pregnancy, as well as pregnant women in the �rst 12 weeks of pregnancy to increase folate intake, since that it cannot be ensured by diet alone. Consequent-ly, a large number of dietary supplements containing folic acid at certain doses can be found on the market. In addition, increased folate intake can be achieved by forti�cation of certain foods with folic acid.When making a decision whether to introduce mandatory food forti�cation with folic acid one must consider bene�t to risk ratio of its increased consumption to health. Conclusions of ep-idemiological studies suggest that increased folate intake reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease, occurrence of some cancers and cognitive decline with age, but do not exclude the possibility of adverse e�ects (e.g. risk of colorectal cancer occurrence). The results of animal studies have shown that high folic acid intake may have a dual role in cancer risk: a) inhibi-tory-in normal tissue, b) stimulating - in malignant transformation of established neoplasms. However, there are not su�cient data for a serious evaluation, and related to this further ani-mal and human studies are needed, as well as the continuation of a long-term follow-up of the e�ects of high folic acid intake on cancer risk.Mandatory food forti�cation with folic acid, as a strategy to reduce the incidence of NTDs, has been introduced in over 50 countries worldwide including the USA, Canada and Australia. For example, �our forti�cation in the USA and Canada has resulted in signi�cant declines (from 28% to 46%) in the occurrence of NTD a�ected pregnancies.Even though mandatory folic acid food forti�cation is under review, it has not been introduced in any European country. However in many countries sertain foods (dairy products, cereals, fruit juices, bread) are voluntarily forti�ed under the Regulation 1925/2006/EC which still not set the maximum amount of folic acid that may be added to foods. Mandatory food forti�ca-tion is under review in the United Kingdom and Ireland, and it has been rejected in Sweden.Mandatory food forti�cation with folic acid is still not implemented in Serbia, but in accor-dance with the recommendations of the World Health Organization, Galenika ad expanded Vit Up product portfolio with Folna kiselina 400 mcg �lm-coated tablet in 2009., thus con�rming that, as being a socially responsible company, it cares for healthy posterity. Keywords: neural tube defects, folic acid, food forti�cation, dietary supplements

55. IDENTIFIKACIJA I ODREĐIVANJE SADRŽAJA SUVOG EKSTRAKTA EHINA-CEE (EHINACEAE PURPUREAE HERBA EXTRACTUM SICCUM) I VITAMINA C U SIRUPU, UPLC METODOMNada Pavičić, Ljiljana Milovanović, Ivan VelikinacPharmanova d.o.o., Beograd, Srbija

Uvod: Primenom UPLC tehnike sa DAD detektorom može se izvršiti istovremeno analiza aktivnih sastojaka u sirupu koji sadrži 20.0 mg/ml suvog ekstrakta ehinacee i 2.7 mg/ml vitamina C. Razdvajanje komponenti se vrši na sistemu Waters Acquity UPLC BEH kori-šćenjem kolone C18 1.7μm, 2.1x50mm, gradijentnom eluacijom pomoću mobilne faze: A-0.1% tri�uorosirćetna kiselina i B-acetonitril, u toku 3.25min. Hromatogrami se snima-

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ju na dve talasne dužine: 330 nm za polifenole iz ekstrakta ehinacee i 235 nm za vitamin C. Ukupni polifenoli predstavljaju sumu hlorogenske, kaftarične i cihorične kiseline.Metodologija: Prema međunarodnim smernicama (ICH, USP), u okviru validacije anali-tičke metode za određivanje aktivnog principa u prisustvu pomoćnih supstanci u goto-vom proizvodu - sirupu ispitani su validacioni parametri: speci�čnost, linearnost, opseg, tačnost i preciznost. Korišćeni su sledeći referentni materijali: suvi ekstrakt ehinacee, radni standard, i vitamin C, radni standard, sledljivi do primarnih referentnih supstanci (CRS) i međunarodnih standarda (EP 7.0). Ispivani rastvori pripremani su neposredno pre upotrebe i do injektovanja čuvani na 20°, zaštićeno od svetlosti. Za analize su kori-šćeni kvali�kovani aparati i kalibrisana merna oprema.Rezultati: Linearnost je ispitana u koncentracionom opsegu 0.050mg/ml do 0.118mg/ml za polifenole iz ekstrakta ehnacee i 0.15mg/ml do 0.35mg/ml za vitamin C. Dobijeni korelacioni koe�cijenti iznose 0.9997 za polifenole i 1.000 za vitamin C. Tačnost je ispita-na na tri koncentraciona nivoa 80%, 100% i 120% od deklarisanog sadržaja, i dobijene vrednosti Recovery 97.66% do 100.08% za polifenole iz ekstrakta ehnacee i 97.60% do 100.22% za vitamin C. Ponovljivost je ispitana na seriji od pet uzoraka koje jedan ana-litičar analizira na istom aparatu u dva uzastopna dana. RSD površina pikova aktivnih komponenti u oba dana je manja od 2.0%. Metoda je speci�čna, komponente matriksa ne ometaju ispitivanje aktivnih sastojaka. Zaključak: Svi testovi validacije dali su rezultate u okviru speci�ciranih granica, čime je potvrđeno da se metoda može koristiti za analizu aktivnih principa, suvog ekstrakta ehinacee i vitamina C u sirupu.Ključne reči: Ehinacea ekstrakt, vitamin C, UPLC metoda

SIMULTANOES ANALYSIS OF DRY ECHINACEA EXTRACT (EHINACEAE PURPUREAE HERBA EXTRACTUM SICCUM) AND VITAMIN C IN SYRUP BY UPLC METHODNada Pavicic, Ljiljana Milovanovic, Ivan VelikinacPharmanova d.o.o., Belgrade, Serbia

Introduction: Active ingredients in the syrup which contain 20.0 mg / ml of dry extract of Echinacea and 2.7 mg / ml of vitamin C, can be simultaneously analysed,using UPLC technique with DAD detection. UPLC analyseshas beenperformed on Acquity UPLC system (Waters, USA) equipped with Binary Sovent Manager, Sample Manager, column compartment and PDA de-tector. Separation has been made on Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (50 mm L x 2.1 mm i.d., 1.7 μm partical size), using 0.1% tri�uoroacetic acid and acetonitrileas mobile phase, with gradient elution during 3.25min. Chromatograms have been recorded at two wavelengths: 330 nm for polyphenols of Echinacea extract and 235 nm for vitamin C. The total polyphenols is sum of chlorogenic, caftaric and cihoric acid.Methodology: According to international guidelines, ICH and USP (which de�ne validation of analytical methods for the determination of the active principles in the presence of excipients in the �nished product –syrup), further validation parametershave been examined: speci�city, linearity, range, accuracy and precision. Following reference materials have been used: dry ex-tract of Echinaceaand vitamin C, working standards traceable to primary reference substance


(CRS) and international standards (EP 7.0). Examined solutions have been prepared immedi-ately before use and stored at 20 °C, protected from light. Analysis has been performed with quali�ed and calibrated analyticalequipment.Results: Linearity has been tested in the concentration range0.050 - 0.118mg/ml for all poly-phenols from echinacea extract and 0.15 - 0.35mg/ml for vitamin C. Obtained correlation coef-�cients was 0.9997 for polyphenols and 1.000 for vitamin C. Accuracy has been tested at three concentration levels of 80%, 100% and 120% of the label amount. Recoveryhas beenvaried between97.66% and 100.08% for polyphenols in ehinacea extract , or 97.60% and 100.22% for vitamin C. Repeatability has been tested on the series of �ve samples, analyzed by one analyst, on the same equipment, in two consecutive days. RSD for peak areas of active components in two days was less than 2.0%. The method is speci�c,components from matrix do not interfere with active components.Conclusion: All the validation tests gave results within speci�ed limits, con�rming that the method can be used in routine analysis of active components in syrup.Keywords: Echinacea extract, vitamin C, UPLC method

56. ANALIZA SADRŽAJA MASNIH KISELINA U SNEK PROIZVODIMAŠobajić Slađana, Timić Jasmina, Đukić SanjaFarmaceutski fakultet, Beograd, Srbija

Uvod: „Brza hrana“ kojoj pripadaju i snek proizvodi, deo su svakodnevne ishrane po-sebno mlađe populacije. Prema Pravilniku, snek proizvodi svrstavaju se u promet kao: čips, čips proizvodi, �ips, proizvodi na bazi peleta, ekspandirani proizvodi, prženi i suvo-pečeni proizvodi, semenke i srodni proizvodi. Većina snek proizvoda obiluje zasićenim mastima za koje je naučno dokazano da imaju nepovoljan efekat na zdravlje ljudi, dovo-deći do povećanja nivoa „lošeg”- LDL holesterola, triglicerida, kardiovaskularnih obolje-nja. Cilj ovog rada bio je analiza sadržaja masnih kiselina snek proizvoda dostupnih na tržištu Srbije, a koja se najčešće konzumira u našoj populaciji.Materijal i metode: Dvanaest vrsti snek proizvoda domaćih i stranih proizvođača (�ips proizvodi, čips proizvodi, kokice i pržen kukuruz) analizirano je na sadržaj masti i masnih kiselina. Iz uzorka je vršena ekstrakcija lipida metodom po Soxhletu, zatim kisela hidroliza izolovanih masti, a zatim su masne kiseline prevođene u odgovarajuće metil-estre. Kvali-tativni i kvantitativni sastav masnih kiselina određen je metodom gasne hromatogra�je. Rezultati i diskusija: Najzastupljenije zasićene masne kiseline u analizirianim uzorci-ma bile su zasićene masne kiseline palmitinska i stearinska. Analizom sadržaja zasićenih masnih kiselina pokazalo se da je njihov sadržaj bio najveći u čips proizvodima (12,2-14,1 g/ 100g proizvoda), dok najmanji sadržaj istih pokazuje �ips proizvod. Od monone-zasićenih masnih kiselina jedino je oleinska bila zastupljena u snek proizvodima. Najveći sadržaj ove masne kiseline iznosio je 9,8 g/ 100 g proizvoda. Rezultati analize polineza-sićenih masnih kiselina pokazuju da su snek proizvodi siromašan izvor polinezasićenih masnih kiselina poput linolne. Najveći sadržaj iste iznosio je 10,3 g/ 100 g proizvoda u uzorku �ipsa, dok je najmanji sadržaj zabeležen u smokiju - 1,46 g. Sadržaj masnih ki-selina značajno je varirao i zavisi od vrste uzorka, vrste ulja koje se koristi u proizvodnji, kao i proizvođača. U poslednje vreme pridaje se sve veći značaj zdravoj ishrani, te je

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poraslo interesovanje za sadržaj masnih kiselina u proizvodima koji se često konzumi-raju. Analizirani snek proizvodi su bogat izvor zasićenih, kao i mononezasićene oleinske kiseline, a siromašan izvor polinezasićenih masnih kiselina. Ključne reči: Snek proizvodi, zasićene masne kiseline, oleinska masna kiselina, poline-zasićene masne kiseline

Content analysis of fatty acids in Snack productsSobajic Sladjana, Timic Jasmina, Djukic SanjaUniversity of Pharmacy, Belgrade,Serbia

Introduction: „Fast food “to which they belong and snack products are part of the daily diet especially younger people. According to the Regulations, snack products are classi-�ed on the market as: chips, chips products, �ips, snack pellet, expanded products, fried and dry-roasted products, seeds and related products. Most of the snack products are rich in saturated fats which are scienti�cally proven to have an adverse e�ect on health, leading to increased levels of “bad” - LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, cardiovascular dis-ease. The aim of this study was to analyze the fatty acid content of snack products avail-able in the market of Serbia, which is commonly consumed in our population.

Materials and methods: Twelve type of snack products from domestic and foreign pro-ducers (�ips products, chips products, popcorn and roasted corn) were analyzed for fat content and fatty acids. The sample was performed by the method of lipid extraction Soxhlet , then acid hydrolysis of isolated fat and fatty acids have been translated into the corresponding methyl esters. Qualitative and quantitative composition of fatty acids was determined by gas chromatography.

Results and discussion: The most common saturated fatty acids in the analyzed sam-ples were saturated fatty acids, palmitic and stearic. By analyzing the content of saturat-ed fatty acids showed that their content was the highest in chips products (from 12.2 to 14.1 g / 100g), while the lowest content of the same product shows �ips. From the group of monounsaturated fatty acids oleic acid was only present in snack products. The high-est content of that fatty acids was 9.8 g / 100 g. Results of the analysis of polyunsatu-rated fatty acids showed that snack products are poor source of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid. The highest content of the same was 10.3 g / 100 g of sample �ips, while the lowest content was recorded in „smoki“ - 1.46 g. Fatty acid content varied considerably and depends on the type of sample, type of oil used in the production, as well as manufacturers. Lately there is a growing importance of healthy eating and the increased interest in the fatty acid composition of the products are often consumed. Analyzed snack products are a rich source of saturated and monounsaturated oleic acid, a poor source of polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Key words: snack products, saturated fatty acids, oleic fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids


57. OMEGA-3 MASNE KISELINE – RIBE ILI SUPLEMENTI?Ivana Jovanović, Dušan ObradovićGalenika a.d., Beograd

Dve višestrukonezasićene masne kiseline, linolna i α-linolenska, su vitaminima slične ili esencijalne masne kiseline, jer organizmi čoveka i ostalih sisara, za razliku od biljaka, ne mogu da ih sintetišu, te zato moraju da se unose hranom. Linolna kiselina (LK; 18:2ω-6) pripada omega(ω)-6 familiji, a α-linolenska kiselina (ALK; 18:3ω-3) omega (ω)-3 familiji. Obe esencijalne masne kiseline, uzastopnim metaboličkim transformacijama (desatura-cija, produženje lanca) daju dugolančane višestrukonezasićene masne kiseline sa 20 i 22 C atoma. LK se transformiše u arahidonsku kiselinu (AK; 20: 4ω-6), a ALK daje eikozapen-taensku kiselinu (EPA; 20:5ω-3) i dokozaheksaensku kiselinu (DHA; 22: 6ω-3). Između familija masnih kiselina postoji kompeticija za regualtorni enzim Δ-6 desaturazu, koja ima veći a�nitet prema ω-3 familiji, dok visok unos LK interferira sa desaturacijom i pro-duženjem lanca ALK. Pošto je konverzija ALK do EPA i DHA relativno mala, neophodan je unos putem hrane kako bi se izbegao njihov de�cit. Omega-3 esencijalne masne kise-line su trenutno u centru pažnje zbog značajnog efekta na zdravlje i prevenciju bolest. Činjenica da ulaze u sastav lipidnog dela membrana ćelija mrežnjače i mozga ukazuje koliko su omega-3 masne kiseline važne za pravilan rad ovako složenih �zioloških si-stema, kao što su oko i mozak. Iz njihove uloge u ćelijskoj membrani, proističe potreba za ovim masnim kiselinama u procesu formiranja novih tkiva, posebno u toku razvoja fetusa i odojčeta.

Rezultati brojnih epidemioloških ispitivanja pokazuju da konzumiranje masne ribe ili ri-bljeg ulja, prirodnih izvora ω-3 masnih kiselina, dovodi do smanjene učestalosti srčanih oboljenja. U isto vreme, riblje ulje može da pomogne i u smanjenju rizika od nastanka tromboze, aritmije, inhibicije aterosklerotičnih promena, snižavanju krvnog pritiska i ni-voa triacilglicerola u krvi. Sniženje nivoa triacilglicerola u cirkulaciji značajno je za dija-betičare, zbog povoljnog uticaja ω-3 masnih kiselina na metabolizam glukoze i insulina. U principu, ω-3 eikozanoidi, imaju manju sposobnost da budu medijatori zapaljenja ili agregacije trombocita nego ista jedinjenja nastala od AK. Smatra se da je ovo, za sada, glavni mehanizam kojim ω-3 masne kiseline mogu da smanje rizik i razvoj zapaljenja (reumatoidni artritis), hipertenzije, srčane aritmije, ateroskleroze i tromboze. Iako po-stoje različite preporuke da odnos LK-ALK u svakodevnoj ishrani bude 4:1 ili 2:1, najbolji način za povećanje sinteze EPA i DHA je postepeno smanjenje unosa LK uz porast udela ALK u ishrani.

Zbog ograničene konverzije α-linolenske kiseline u dugolančane ω-3 kiseline, prepo-ručuje se zdravim osobama, konzumiranje najmanje 2 obroka masne ribe nedeljno ili 500 mg EPA+DPH dnevno, poreklom iz ribe ili dodataka ishrani, a srčanim bolesnicima 1g dnevno. Dnevni unos EPA i DHA u većini razvijenih zemalja, je nizak i ne zadovoljava nutritivne potrebe. Dobar prirodni izvor ovih masnih kiselina je masna riba i riblje ulje. S duge strane, u moru su prisutni i metilživa, PCB materije i dioksini, koji ulaze u lanac ishrane, deponuju se u ribljem tkivu.

Korišćenje dodataka ishrani kao izvora ω-3 masnih kiselina, zbog toga, ima dvostruku

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korist: obezbeđuje njihov odgovarajući dnevni unos uz odsustvo i minimalne toksično-sti koje u prirodnim izvorima može da potekne od metilžive i ostalih zagađivača životne sredine. Još uvek nema dokaza da unos EPA i DHA u količinama do 3g može imati štetan efekat po zdravlje.

Ključne reči: esencijalne masne kiseline, omega-6, omega-3 familije, kardiovaskularna oboljenja, odnos LK, EPA, DHA, dnevni unos, prorodni izvori, dodaci ishrani

OMEGA 3 FATTY ACIDS – FISH OR SUPPLEMENTS?Ivana Jovanović, Dušan ObradovićGalenika a.d., Belgrade, Serbia

Two polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), linoleic and α-linolenic acid, like vitamins are essential nutrients that must be obtained from a dietary sources since humans and other mammals, are not able to produce them. Linoleic acid (LA; 18:2ω-6) belongs to omega (ω)-6 fatty acids family, and α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3ω-3) to omega (ω)-3 fatty acids family. Long chain PUFA, 20 and 22C atoms, is generated from both LA and ALA in stepwise manner, including desaturation and chain elongation. LA is transformed into arachidonic acid (AA; 20: 4ω-6), while (EPA; 20:5ω-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22: 6ω-3) are generated from ALA. Among these di�erent families of FA there is a com-petition for regulatory enzyme Δ-6 desaturase which has a higher a�nity for a ω-3 fam-ily, and therefore high LA intake interfers with desaturation and ALA chain elongation. Since the conversion of ALA into EPA and DHA is relatively low, their de�ciency must be compensated by the intake. Omega-3s are currently in the spotlight due to their established and signi�cant role in health and disease prevention. Omega-3s are struc-tural components of lipid membranes of retina and brain cells, and therefore have a signi�cant role in the proper functioning of the complex physiological systems, such as eye and brain tissues.

The results of numerous epidemiological studies show that consuming natural ω-3s originated from oily �sh and �sh oil, may reduces the risk of serious cardiovascular dis-orders (thrombosis, arrhythmia, inhibition of atherosclerotic changes, reducing blood preasure and levels). The triacylglycerole lowering e�ect induced by ω-3s is particu-larly important for diabetics. Generally, ω-3 eicosanoids are less capable of being the mediators of in�ammation or thrombocyte aggregation, in comparison to the same compounds derived from AA. This is yet the main mechanism of reducing the risk and progression of in�ammation (rheumatoid arthritis), hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Despite numerous recommendations that LA-ALA daily intake should range from 4:1 to 2:1, the gradual decrease of LA intake followed by the increase of ALA intake is considered optimal.

Since the conversion of α-linolenic acid into the long chained ω-3 acids is limited, the dietary recommendation for healthy persons is at least 2 meals of oily �sh per week or 500 mg EPA+DHA per day, and 1g/day for cardiac patients. In most developed countries the daily intake of EPA and DHA is low and does not meet the nutritional needs. The good natural source of these acids are fatty �sh and �sh oil. On the other hand, meth-


ylmercury, PCBs and dioxins, which can be found in the sea water, enter the food chain and are depositted in �sh tissue.

The usage of dietary supplements as the source of ω-3s, therefore, has a double ben-e�t: it provides RDI without/with minimal toxicity, which is not often the case in natu-ral sources due to the presence of methylmercury and other environmental pollutants. There are still no evidence that EPA+DHA daily intake ≥3 g may have a detrimental ef-fect on health.

Keywords: essential fatty acids, omega-6, omega-3 families, cardiovascular diseases, LA, EPA, DHA ratio, daily intake, natural sources, dietary supplements

Naslov izdanja: Program i knjiga sažetaka 4 kongresa o dijetetskim suplementimaIzdavač: Udruženje za medicinu sporta Srbije Urednici: Nenad Dikić i Brižita ĐorđevićPre-press: Miloš CvjetićaninTiraž: 300 primerakaŠtampa: Propaganda JovanovićGodina: 2013

CIP - Каталогизација у публикацијиНародна библиотека Србије, Београд

613.2:796.071.2(048)

КОНГРЕС о дијететским суплементима са међународним учешћем (4 ; 2013 ; Београд) Suplementacija zasnovana na dokazima : program i knjiga apstrakata = programme and abstract book / Četvrti Kongres o dijetetskimsuplementima sa međunarodnim učešćem, 24-25. oktobar 2013. Beograd, Srbija = Fourth Congress of Food Supplements With International Participation, October 24-25, 2013. Belgrade, Serbia ; [urednici Nenad Dikić i Brižita Đorđević]. - Beograd : Udruženje za medicinu sporta Srbije, 2013 (Beograd : Propaganda Jovanović). - 148 str. ; 23 cm

Na vrhu nasl. str.: Univerzitet u Beogradu Farmaceutski fakultet - Institut za bromatologiju = University of Belgrade Faculty of Pharmacy - Institute of Bromatology. - Apstrakti na srp. i engl. jeziku. - Tiraž 300.

ISBN 978-86-917167-0-7

a) Исхрана - Спортисти - Апстракти b) Спортисти - Стимулативна средства - АпстрактиCOBISS.SR-ID 201765388

IZDANJA UDRUŽENJA ZA MEDICINU SPORTA SRBIJE

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Suplementacija zasnovana na dokazima Evidence based ... · Udruženje za medicinu sporta Srbije Sports Medicine Association of Serbia Univerzitet u Beogradu Farmaceutski fakultet