Superplasticityin Advanced

MaterialsProceedings of an International Conference on Superplasticity inAdvanced Materials, supported by The Commemorative Associationfor the Japan World Exposition (1970), The Japan Society forResearch on Superplasticity, Amada Foundation for Metal WorkTechnology, Shimazu Science Foundation and Research Foundationfor Materials Science,held in Osaka, Japan, June 3-6, 1991.

Edited by

Shigenori HoriTeikyo University, Utsunomiya,

Masaharu TokizaneRitsumeikan University, Kyoto

andNorio Fumshiro

Osaka University, Osaka

A Publication of

JSRSThe Japan Society for Research on Superplasticity

IX

Table of Contents

Preface v

Fundamental Aspects of Superplasticity

Superplasticity : An Historical Perspective 3Terence G. Langdon

Future Directions for Superplasticity 13J. Wadsworth, T. G. Nieh and O. D. Sherby

Sliding along the Interphase -Boundary in Austcnite/FcrriteDuplex Stainless Steel Bicrystals 23

S. Hashimoto, F. Moriwaki, T. Mimaki and S. Miura

On the Applicability of a Boundary Sliding Controlled FlowProcess to Superplastic Deformation 33

Subramshu S. Bhattacharya and K. Anantha Padmanabhan

Unusual Low Grain Boundary Sliding in Aluminium Alloywith Classical Features of Micrograin Superplasticity 39

V, S. Levchenko, V. K. Portnoy and I. I. Novikov

Influence of Microstructural Evolution on Region Iof the Superplastic Zn-22 Wt% Al Alloy 45

G. S. Murty

Effect of Strain Rate Sensitivity on Non-Uniform Deformationin Superplastic Materials 51

T. Okabe and T. Hatayama

Accommodation Mechanism and Dispersoid-Free Zonesin Al 7475 after Superplastic Forming 57

U. Koch, W. Bunk and P. J. Winkler

Geometrical Aspects of the Developmentof Superplastic Deformation 63

M. G. Zelin and M. V. Alexsandrova

Effect of Specimen Shape on Flow Stressin Superplastic Materials 69

Y. Takayama, N. Fufushiro, T. Tozawa and H. Kato

Influence of Specimen Notch Effect on the Superplastic m-bRelationaships of Zn-0.6%Cu-0.1%Ti Alloy 75

Chin Liu, Pengcheng Si, Di Chang and Jun Wong

Effects of Strain Rates on the Superplastic m-b Relationshipsof HPb59-l Brass 81

Chin Liu, Di Chang, Chunfu Liang and Jie Liu

Effects of Temperatures on the Superplastic m-b Relationshipsof HPb59-l Brass 87

Chin Liu, Di Chang, Chunfu Liang and Zhuming Shen

Microstructural Dynamics in Superplasticity

Microstructure Dynamics in Superplastic Deformation 95R Z. Valiev and M. G. Zelin

Microstructural Aspects of Plastic Stabilityduring Superplastic Deformation 105

Michel Suery and Bernard Baudelet

Structural Peculiarities of Aluminium Alloy after SuperplasticDeformation at Anomalous High Strain Rate 121

/. /. Novikov, V. K. Portnoy, V. M. Iljenko and V. S. Levchenko,

Microstructural Coarsening and its Effect on Localizationof Flow in Superplastic Deformation 127

C. H. Hamilton, H. M. Zbib, C. II. Johnson and S. K. Richter

Effect of Pre-Deformation on Continuous RecrystallizationIn 7475 Al Alloy 133

Eiichi Sato, Kiminori Gemba and Kazuhiko Kuribayashi

Microstructural Change and its Influence on Stress-StrainBehavior of Superplastic Materials 139

D. R. Lesuer, C. K. Syn, K. L. Cadwell and S. C. Mance

A Comparative Study of the Superplastic Behaviorof Two Dynamically Recrystallizing Alminum-Lithium Alloys 145

R E. Goforth, M. N. Srinivasan and N. Chandra

Improvement of Superplasticity by Prior Warm-Workingin 7075 Aluminum Alloy 151

Taku Sakai and Manabu Nakai

Effect of Thermo-Mechanical History on the Internal Frictionand Superplasticity of Al-6Cu-0.5Zr Alloy 157

Takao Endo, Motoyasu Itirano and Kenji Yoshida

Dynamic Recrystallization during Superplastic Flowof Materials 163

G. A. Salishchev, R. M. Galeyev and R. M. Imaev

Cavitation in Superplastic Deformation

Cavitation Behavior during Superplastic Deformation 171Ami H. Chokshi

Cavitation and Cavity Suppression during MultiaxialDeformation of Superplastic Materials 181

John Pilling

Superplasticity in Ceramics

Microstructural Design of Superplastic Ceramics 193I-Wei Chen

Superplastic Flow in Nanograin Ceramics 195Reijo Lappalainen and Rishi Raj

Superplasticity of Functional Ceramics 205Fumihiro Wakai, Yasuharu Kodama, Norimitsu Murayama,Shuji Sakaguchi, Tanguy Rouxel, S. Sato and To-oru Nonami

A Comparison of the Tensile and Comprcssivc Creep Behaviorof a Superplastic Yttria-Stabilizcd Tetragonal Zirconia-20wt% Alumina Composite 215

David M. Owen and Atul II. Chokshi

On the Superplastic Deformation Modes of Y-TZPunder Uniaxial Tension 221

Yoshinobu Motohashi, Takehirp Sekigami,Takaaki Sakuma and Miyajiro Ohmori

High-Temperature Deformation in Al2O3-ZrO2 227Kazuki Okada, Yu-ichi Yoshizawa and Taketo Sakuma

Effect of Initial Porosity on the Superplastic Behaviorof Y-TZP in Vacuum 233

/. A. Akmoulin, M. Djahazi and J. J. Jonas

Prediction of Ceramic Properties after Superplastic Deformationby Means of Computer Simulation 239

O. N. Akmoulina, E. N. Chumachenko,A. N. Skorokhodov and O. M. Smirnov

Grain Boundary Sliding in Supcrplastic Deformationof Ceramic Materials 245

Norio Furushiro, Tsuneyuki Tanizawa,Kotaro Akashiro and Satoshi Takeshita

The Strain-Enhanced Grain Growth in Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystalduring Superplastic Deformation 251

Yu-ichi Yoshizawa and Taketo Sakuma

Superplastic Ceramic Composites 257T. G. Nieh and J. Wadsworth

Superplastic Behaviour of Fine-Gra. zd Zirconia 263J. J. Blandin, A. Varloteaux and M. Suery

Diffusion Controlled and Interface-Reaction Controlled Deformationin Fine-Grained Alumina and Y-TZP 269

Yasunori Okamoto, Masato Inoue, Takeshi Shiono,Kunio Hayashi and Tomozo Nishikawa

Observation of Supcrplastic Flow in YBa2Cu307_}{ SuperconductorsContaining Silver 275

Jondo Yun, Martin P. Harmer, Ye T. Chou and Om P. Arora

Extrusion Behavior of a Superconductor Ceramicin a Superplastic Metal Matrix 281

J. E. Moreno, N. Floriano and G. Torres-Villasenor

Superplasticity in Intermetallics

Deformation Microstructure in Supcrplastic Intermetallics 289Shuji Hanada

Superplastic Deformation in Titanium Aluminidesand Modeling of Transient Deformation 299

A. K Ghosh and C-H. Cheng

Superplasticity in Ti-Rich TiAl 311Takashi Maeda, Minoru Okada and Yoshiaki Shida

Superplastic Deformation Behavior of MechanicallyAlloyed TiAl-Ti3Al Intermetallic Compounds 317

Kei Ameyama, Akihiko Miyazaki and Masaharu Tokizane

Superplasticity in Fine Grained Nickel Silicide 323Susan L. Stoner and Amiya K. Mukherjee

Superplasticity in Ll2 Type Ni3(Si,Ti) Intermetallics 329Takayuki Takasugi, Susumu Rikukawa and Shuji Hanada

Superplasticity in Metal Composites

High Strain Rate Superplasticity in Whisker-ReinforcedAluminum Composites 339

T. G. Nieh and J. Wadsworth

High Temperature Deformation and Microstructurein WC-Co Cemented Carbides 349

T. Sakuma and H. Hondo

Processing of Zn-22Al/Al2O3 Composite Sintered Sheetsand Mechanical Characteristics 355

Hiroaki Ohsawa and Muneharu Yoshizawa

Application of Superplasticity for Fabricationof Metal Matrix Composite 361

Yasuo Uchiyama and Masayuki Hasaka

Processing of 6061 Aluminum Matrix Composites Reinforcedwith Si3N4 Whisker and their Superplastic Behavior 367

Mamoru Mabuchi, Tsunemichi Imai and Katsushi Kubo

Superplasticity in Si3N4 Whisker Reinforced 7064 AluminiumAlloy Composite 373

Tsunemichi Imai, Mamoru Mabuchi and Yoshihisa Tozawa

Superplastic Behavior and Microstructural Characterizationof a P-Si3N4 Whisker Reinforced 2124 Aluminium Composite 379

Gilles L'Esperance, Tsunemichi Imai and Bande Hong

High Strain Rate Superplasticity in ParticulateAluminum Composite 385

Mamoru Mabuchi, Kenji Higashi, Yoshihiro Okada,Shinji Tanimura, Tsunemichi Imai and Katsushi Kubo

Elevated Temperature Deformation of SiC Whisker/Zn-22%A1 Alloy Composites 391

Jun Su Kim, Junichi Kaneko and Makoto Sugamata

New CompoudingMethod for the Composite Material Usingthe Particulate Superplastic Al-Li Alloy and SiC Powders 399

Munetake Satoh, Kei Miyanami, Kenji Higashi,Shinji Tanimura and Hideo Yoshida

Fatigue Properties of SPF/DB Joints in Titanium Alloys 405Yoshiharu Mutoh, Masaru Kobayashi,Yoshiharu Mae and Toyoichi Satoh

Superplasticity in Metals

The Deformation Mechanisms of Low Temperature Superplasticityin Al-Mg Alloys 413

Terry R McNelley and Peter N. Kalu

Influence of Zirconium on Superplastic Deformation at 573Kfor an Al-10wt% Mg Alloy 423

Hideshi Aiko and Norio Furushiro

Evaluation on Superplasticity in Al-Zn-Mgand Al-Li Base Alloys 429

Hang-Ping Pu, Shun-Using Yen, Jacob C. Huang and Po-We Kao

Superplastic Behaviour of Spray Cast 7475 Aluminium Alloy 435S. A. McCoy, J. White and N. Ridley

Superplasticity of Rapidly Solidified 7XXX Aluminum Alloy 441Shin-ichi Matsuda, Yoshimasa Okubo and Hideo Yoshida

Superplastic Deformation Characteristicsof 5083 Aluminium Alloy 447

H. Iwasaki, K Higashi, S. Tanimura,T. Komatsubara and S. Hayami

Superplastic and Recrystallisation Behaviourof a Commercial Al-Mg Alloy 5083 453

H. Imamura and N. Ridley

Deformation Behaviour of Two Commercial Superplastic Alloys 459Subramshu S. Bhattacharya and K Anantha Padmanabhan

Superplastic Deformation in a High TemperatureTi-Alloy IMI834 465

A. Wisbey and P. G. Partridge

Production of Fine Grained Titanium Alloys for SuperplasticForging by Means of Controlled Recrystallization 471

/. A. Akmoulin and J. J. Jonas

Compression Test of Ti-6A1-4V Alloy under TransformationalSuperplasticity Condition 479

Kinji Sato, Tomio Kajikawa and Kazuhide Ugajin

Superplasticity of PM Nickel-Base Supcralloy .485Shiomi Kikuchi

Superplastic Two-Phase Mg-Li Alloys 491Kenji Higashi, O. D. Sherby, G. Gonzalez-Donceland J. Wolfenstine

Possibility of Grain Refinement for Superplasticityof Mg-Al Alloys by Zirconium Additions 497

Hirohiko Takuda, Shiomi Kikuchi,Hitoshi Fujimoto and Natsuo Hatta

Aluminum Effects on the Microstructure and the Superplasticityof Ultra-High Carbon Steels Processed by DETWAD 503

Dong-Wha Kum, Hyung Kang and Soon II. Hong

Pretreatment for Superplasticity of SKD11 Steeland its Deformation Characteristics 509

Mo Jianping, Ye Mao and Yuzo Hosoi

Superplastic Behavior of SKD11-P/M Steel 515Mo Jianping, Kazuya Miyahara and Yuzo Hosoi

Thermomechanical Treatment for Superplasticityof 20Cr-10Ni-High N Austenitic Stainless Steel 521

Kiyoshi Mineura

Influences of Al Content and Cr Addition on the Superplasticityof Cu-Al-Ni Shape Memory Alloy 527

Masamichi Mild and YoshiMyo Ogino

A Study of Superplasticity of CuZnAlZr Shape Memory Alloy 533Lin Fayu and Huang Chuzhen

Superplasticity at High Strain Rates

Thermomechanical Stability of Nanocrystalline Microstructuresand their Role in Enhancing Superplastic Deformation 541

Merrilea J. Mayo

The Role of Subgrain Boundaries during the Initial Stage ofHigh Rate Superplastic Deformation of a PM Aluminium Alloy 551

Kenji Matsuki, Hiroaki Matsumoto, Mitsugu Tokizawaand Yotaro Murakami

High Strain Rate Superplasticity and its DeformationMechanism in Aluminum Alloys 557

Norio Furushiro, Shigenori Hori and Yoshiharu Miyake

High Strain Rate Superplasticity of a 25%Cr-7%Ni-3%Mo-0.14%NDuplex Stainless Steel 563

Yasuhiro Maehara

Positive Exponent Strain-Rate Superplasticity in MechanicallyAlloyed Aluminum 569

K Higashi, T. Okada, T. Mukai and S. Tanimura

Deformation Characteristics in P/M Aluminum Alloysat High Temperatures 575

K. Higashi, S. Itsumi, M. Hoshikawa, Y. Matsumura,T. Ito, S. Tanimura and H.Yoshida

Superplasticity of Mechanically Alloyed Aluminumat High Strain Rate 581

Kazunari Shinagawa, Tetsuo Morioka and Kozo Osakada

Texture Evolution during High Rate SuperplasticElongation in Mechanically Alloyed Aluminum 587

Zhe Jin and Thomas R Bieler

Development of a New Superplastic Aluminium Alloy 593Philippe Fernandez

Analysis and Application of Superplastic Forming

Fundamental Questions Concerning the Application of SuperplasticForming and Superplastic Forming/Diffusion Bonding 601

H. E. Friedrich and P. -J. Winkler

Application of Superplastic Forming for Aerospace Components 611TakayuM Tsuzuku, Akio Takahashi and Akira Sakamoto

A Review of the Mechanical Properties after SuperplasticForming and Diffusion Bonding 621

D. S. McDarmaid, P. G. Partridge and A. Wisbey

Researches on Superplasticity and Formingin the National R & D Projects 633

Ken-ichi Matsuno and Yoshinori Nakazawa

Effect of Strain Rate Path on Stretch Flange Formabilityof Zn-22A1 Superplastic alloy Sheet 643

Masaaki Watanabe and Hisashi Nishimura

Superplastic Forming and Diffusion Bondingof Aluminum Alloy 7475 Sheet in Air 649

M. Hirohashi, Y. Park and II. Asanuma

The Superplasticity of T15-P/M High Speed Steeland its Forming 655

Zhu Fuxian, Liu Zhaohui,Mo Jianping and Zhang Qiang

Diffusion Bonding/Superplastic Fofming ofTi6A14V/SUS 304/Ti6A14V 661

T. H. Chuang, S. Y. Chang, J. II. Cheng,H. P. Kao and S. E. Hsu

New Aluminim Alloys for SPF and SPF/DB Application 667G. Broden and B. Plege

Superplastic Deformation and Diffusion Bonding ofan Al-Li Alloy Containing 20 wr% Particulate SiC 669

D. V. Dunford, S. M. Flitcroft,D. S McDarmaid and P. G. Partridge

A New Superplastic Aluminium Alloy, FORMALLR 570 675Philippe Fernandez

Zn-5%Al-0.3%Mg Superplastic Alloy Grooved Drum 681Gao Lun

On the Room Temperature Formability and Tensile SuperplasticBehaviour of an Al-Ca-Zn Alloy 687

Krishnamurti Swaminathan and K Anantha Padmanabhan

The Diffusion Bonding of Ti-6A1-4V Titanium Alloyunder Superplastic Condition 693

Zong Yuan Zhang, Cheng He Cai and Zhao Rong Lin

The Application of Superplastic Forming to the DiffusionBonding of Dissimilar Materials 699

P. G. Partridge, A. Wisbey and D. V. Dunford

Superplastic Forming/Diffusion Bonding Combined Technologyof Curved Panel of Titanium Alloy 705

Zhiqiang Li and Huihong Guo

Formability Investigation of SuperplasticAl-Li Alloy Sheet - Part 1 709

P. S. McAuliffe and D. J. Chellman

Assessment of Superplastic Al-Li Alloy Sheetin Airframe Structural Applications - Part II ,717

P. SMcAuliffe and D. J. Chellman

Mechanical and Microstructural Characteristicsin an Al-Li-Zr Alloy and Implications in CommercialForming Processes 725

C. H. Hamilton and B. Ren

Economic Aspects of Superplastic Forming (SPD) 731Y. N. Raikov, A. G. Vorobjov and L. I. Perepelitsina

Superplasticity in Bulk Forming Metals and Ceramics 737O. A. Korabelnikov and O. M. Smirnov

Applications of the Finite Elements Method for Analysisof Superplastic Deformation 743

M. A Tsepin, A. N. Yershov,A. R Tayupov and O. M. Smirnov

The Treatment of Hard-to-Deform Materialsin the State of Superplasticity 749

Oskar D. Kaibyshev

The Treatment of Contact Interaction of the Instrument and Plastic-to-Deform Object through the Layer of Supcrplastic Metals 759

N. P. Barykin and O.D. Kaibyshev

Variable Optimum Strain-Rate for DynamicallyRecrystallizing Aluminum-Lithium Alloys 765

N. Chandra, S. C. Rama and R. EGoforth

The Properties and Applications of Currently ExploitedSuperplastic Aluminium Alloys 771

R Grimes and R G.Butler

An Optimal Extrusion of Rate Sensitive Materials 777Jong S. Lee, Sung S. Hong and Nam C. Cho

Superplastic Forming of Ti6A14V at Lower TemperaturesUsingHydrogen 783

Gerhard Hirt and Peter J. Winkler.

Diffusion Bonding of 1.6% High Carbon Steelswith Very Fine Grains 789

Hiroshi Kato and Keiji Yoshikawa

Peel Strength of Diffusion Bonded Joints in 8090 Alloy 795D. V. Dunford and P. G. Partridge

Development of a SPF-Aluminum Aircraft Structure 801B. Plege and Ch. Schleinzer

Numerical Simulation of Superplastic Formingunder Axisymmetric and Plane Strain Conditions 807

Hiroaki Sato, Takayuki Tsuzuku and Akio Takahashi

Superplastic Material Rheology Affectedby Structure Evolution 813

Oleg M. Smirnov

Computer-Controlled Deep-Drawing Processfor Superplastic Materials 819

Kentaro Soeda, Ken -ichi Manabe and Hisashi Nishimura

Development on Construction Technology for Under-SurfaceLunar Bace Using Superplastic Alloy 825

Toshio Saito, Takatoshi Ogawa, Yasushi NakayamaKatsutoshi Asai and Kenji Higashi

Impulse-controlled Superplastic Forgingfor Manufacturing Precision Machinery Parts 831

Minami Kimura and Masaru Kobayashi

Process Modeling of Superplastic FormingUsing Four Different Computational Methods 837

N. Chandra, S. C. Rama and R E. Goforlh

Summary

Summary and Topics of ICSAM-91 847Terence G. Langdon and Jeffrey Wadsworth

Authorindex 853