Substation and Switchyard Diagnostics

Application of Modern Diagnostic Techniques to Determine the Condition

of Energized Substation/Switchyard

EquipmentFalcon Solutions

A Technology Application Company

Falcon Solutions


Objectives/NeedsObjectives/NeedsEliminate all FailuresTrain Personnel on the Latest Diagnostic

Equipment and TechniquesDevelop Severity Criteria and Action Plan Perform a Condition Assessment on the

Entire SystemCommunicate Your ProgramEvaluate Factory and On-site Acceptance

Procedures/Specifications

What is as full set of data?What is as full set of data?Vibration Spectrums on all Sides of transformer

and Cooling PumpsRecent set of Oil DGA/Quality ResultsOil Analyzed for Furanic Compounds Sound Level Readings From all SidesAcoustic/Ultrasonic Activity Levels on all SidesComplete IR SurveyOil Pump Flow Readings in GPM Airborne Ultrasonic levelsFunctional Tests Performed

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TrainingTraining

TheoryEquipment FamiliarityTechniques/Applications

Diagnostic Technologies and Techniques

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AcousticsDetection of Partial Discharge and Arcing(Ultrasonic Noise)Past-Detect/Quantify Arcing LevelsPresent-Benchmark Energy Levels

Use Two Frequency BandsSource Locate

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Ultrasonic Noise/ PD Detection

Ultrasonic Noise/ PD Detection

Periodic Transformer Mapping(Benchmark)PumpsRegulatorsLoad Tap ChangersPTs and Bushings(Ground Plane)On-Line Multi Channel System

Infrared ThermographyPast:

Severity Criteria Somewhat IneffectivePresent Needs:

Equipment Specific Failure Modes/Severity Criteria

Thinking ThermographersFalcon Solutions


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Infrared ImagingInfrared Imaging

Transformer/Radiator/LTC ProfileOil Gauge AccuracyBushings and Lightning ArrestorsFan and Pump MotorsControl CabinetsISO Phase Bus

Vibration Analysis

DisplacementAcceleration

Velocity

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Vibration AnalysisVibration Analysis

Is the Transformer a Core or Shell Form?Why is This Important?

Vibration readings on TransformerPumpsVertical Piping

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Vibration AnalysisVibration Analysis

Perform a FRA or LVI?

FRA-Frequency Response AnalysisLVI-Low Voltage Impulse

Sound LevelWhy Record Sound Levels?

Take Overall Readings at Center of Each SideWhy Overall Levels?

A or C Weighted?Whats the Dominate Frequency?

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Analysis of Oil

Just Like a Doctors Blood Test

Sampling and Lab IssuesQuality Testing

Enhanced Analysis(Furans and Particulates)

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Furanic Compounds2FAL - Overheating/Old Fault5M2F - Localized, Severe Overheating2FOL - High Moisture5H2F - Oxidation2ACF - Acetyifuran Rarest(Lightning

Strikes?)Falcon Solutions


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Furan ExampleFuran Example

Reactor Severely Overheats, Paint Discolored on Wide Band at Middle of Reactor

Paper Sample From Top Reveals Condition to be Excellent-DP1287

Oil Tested for Furans Indicated a DP of 407.

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Functional TestsFunctional Tests

Run Pumps and FansSurvey with IRObserve Effect on oil Temperature

Operate LTC/Regulator and ListenListen With Acoustics

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Special TestsSpecial Tests

Multi Channel Event Detection (PDs)

Pump Flow in GPM

Temperature Readings

Technology Applications

Complimentary Technology

Program Assessment

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D I A G N O S T I C T E C H N O L O G I E S E Q U I P M E N T A P P L I C A T I O N M A T R I X

Therm- H a n d H e l d D i s s o l v e Airborne Vibrat ion T e m p Airf low Partial Discharge V i s u a l Hydran Ultra Sonic Oil Di-Electr ic C o m p o n e n t sography Radiometer Gas Analys i s N o i s e A n a l y s i s Detec t ion Oi l Tes t Flow Strength

B D A R B B C A A B C C G E N E R A T O R S T E P U P T R A N S .B D A R B B C A A B C C TRANSMISSION TRANS.B D A R B B C A A B C C DISTRIBUTION TRANS.B R R R - B - B A - - - CURRENT TRANS.B R R R - B - B A - - - P O T E N T I A L T R A N S .B B - B A C - B B - A - T R A N S . O I L P U M P SB D B - R B C A A B - C OIL FILLED REACTORB B - C B A - - A - - - TRANS. RADIATORSA B A B B A - A C - - B T R A N S . T A P C H A N G E RA D - - - - - - A - - - T R A N S . C O N T R O L C A B I N E TA B B R R B - B A - - A OIL CIRCUIT BREAKERR - - R R R - R A - - - A I R M A G N E T I C B R E A K E RR R - R R R - R A - - - AIR BLAST CIRCUIT BREAKERR R - - - R - - A - - - CONTROL BATTERYA D - R - - - - A - - - P R I M A R Y C O N N E C T I O N SA D - R - - - - A - - - D I S C O N N E C T SR R - B - R - R A - - - E N C L O S E D S W I T C H G E A RR - - - - - - - A - - - G R O U N D N E T W O R KB C B R R B - B A B - C OIL FILLED REGULATORB D B R R B - B A B - C L I G H T & P O W E R T R A N S .A D - - - - - - A - - - D . C . C O N T R O L B U SA C - - - - - - A - - - CONTROL FUSESA C - - - - - - A - - - TERMINAL BLOCKSB R - R - C - B A - - - ENCLOSED BUSA D - - - A - - A - - - C O M P A R T M E N T H E A T E R SR - - R - - B - A - - - AIR FILTERSB R - R - - - R A - - - CABLE SPLICES & TERMINATIONSA D - R R B C B A - - - REACTORS- - - B - - - - A - - - N I T R O G E N S Y S T E M S- - - A - - - R A - - - AIR SYSTEMS

A B - C A B - B A - - - M O T O R SA - - C - R - B A - - - L I G H T N I N G A R R E S T O R SA - - C - R - - C - - - C A R R I E R C U R R E N T W A V E T R A P SA - - C - - - B B - - - I N S U L A T O R SB D - - - R - - A - - - BATTERIESB R R B - - - B B - - - B U S H I N G SB R - B - - - B B - - - SF6 BREAKERS

"A", i s the most ef fec t ive ."R" = Research A B C D

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Falcon Solutions


Diagnostic Technology Equipment ApplicationDiagnostic Technology Equipment Application

TransformersMost EffectiveDissolved Gas Analysis and Oil QualityPartial Discharge DetectionVisual Inspection & Functional Tests

EffectiveIR, Vibration, Temp. Gauges, Portable Oil,

Oil Flow, Air Flow

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Transformer DiagnosticsTransformer Diagnostics

Ultrasonic Noise/ PD DetectionVibration Analysis and Sound levelsOil TestsInfrared ImagingVisual InspectionFunctional TestsAny Required Special Tests

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Complimentary Technologies(Oil Filled Equipment)

Complimentary Technologies(Oil Filled Equipment)

Oil - Ultrasonics, IR & Vibration

IR - Ultrasonics, DGA & Vibration

Vibration - Oil, Ultrasonics & Sound Level

Ultrasonics - Oil, IR & Vibration

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Complimentary Technologies(Specific Equipment)

Complimentary Technologies(Specific Equipment)

Transformers - Oil, Ultrasonics, IR, Vibration and Functional Tests

LTCs/Regulators - IR, Oil, Functional Check & Ultrasonics

Circuit Breakers - Oil, IR & UltrasonicsSupport equipment - IR, Functional Checks

& Visual Inspection

Equipment Matrix Technology Applications

& Evaluation SPdM Process/Work

Flow Diagrams PdM SupervisorOrganization Roles &

Responsibilities ChartsCommunication FormatsEquipment Condition

Status Reports Falcon SolutionsA Technology Application Company

Assessments 14 Key ElementsAssessments 14 Key ElementsTraining Program

Schedules

Cost Benefit Tracking

Customer Satisfaction

Continuous Improvement

Quantifiable Goals

Financial Basis/Plan

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0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0 Equipment Condition Indicator Matrix

Technology Applications and Evaluation

SPdM Process/Work Flow Diagrams

PdM Supervisor

Organization Roles and Responsibility Charts

Communication Formats

Equipment Condition Status Reports

Training Program

Schedules

Cost Benefit Tracking

Customer Satisfaction

Continuous Improvement

Switchyard/Substation SPdM Program AssessmentSpider Chart Evaluation

World Class

Falcon Solutions

Falcon Solutions


SPdM : Spider Chart ElementsSPdM Process/ Work Process

A formal detailed SPdM process exists, is documented, and displayed and practiced. This process identifies each step from data collection,analysis,integration to information, and initiating corrective action. The process is followed by the group on a consistent basis.This process is integral to the overall plant maintenance work process

A formal detailed SPdM process exists, is documented, and displayed and practiced. This process identifies each step from data collection,analysis,integration to information, and initiating corrective action The process is followed by the PdM group and beginning to become part of the maintenancework process on a consistent basis.

A basic SPdM process is generally followed by the PdM group for mostequipment anomalies

A basic SPdM process is generally followed by the PdM group only whensignificant Equipment problems are detected

A SPdM process is not in place nor is any parts of the process documented

High

Low

5

7.5

10

2.5

0

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SPdM : Spider Chart ElementsOrganization/Roles & Responsibilities

A PdM group exists with a PdM supervisor and technologists directlyassigned to accomplish SPdM Technology Applications and EquipmentCondition Assessment. A SPdM program Roles and Responsibility Chart has been developed and approved by management. The chart Identifies all Rolesfor each each plant work group or specific worker(Operations, Maintenance,Engineering, PdM group Personnel, Consultants,Central support groups , etc.). Interface Agreements exist as necessary between site and supportorganizations(I.e. T&S, Electrical Maint. Contractors)

A PdM group exists with a PdM supervisor and technologists directlyassigned to accomplish SPdM Technology Applications and Equipmentcondition Assessment. Some data is converted to information and actiontaken.

Maintenance or Operations craft in various work groups are assigned to accomplish technology applications. No formal SPdM program exists.

High

Low

5

10

0

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SPdM : Spider Chart ElementsSPdM Program Training

A comprehensive SPdM training Program Exists including hands-on and classroom technology application and PdM program training. Job performancecriteria is well defined A training/Qualifications matrix exists. Qualifications mirror industry recognized professional groups (ASNT, Vibration institute,EPRI,etc). A Mentoring program exists with On-the-Job Training provided by experienced personnel to new PdM recruits. Other plant groups are provided SPdM, LOA training as part of their continuing training program

Formal SPdM technology classroom training is provided to all appropriatePdM team members and On-the-Job Training is provided by experienced personnel to new PdM recruits. Training is focused on PdM team only.

SPdM technology classroom training is generally provided upon request and On-the-Job Training is provided by the incumbent to new PdM personnel

Only On-the-Job SPdM Training is provided by the incumbent to new PdM personnel

No SPdM Training Program Exists

High

Low

5

7.5

10

2.5

0

SummaryImplement the CA ProcessMaintain Management SupportPeriodically Assess Your ProgramKeep the CA Effort a Living

Program

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Documents

Substation and Switchyard Diagnostics