Subic Zambales

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Table of Contents

LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES ..........................................................................................................v

FOREWORD ............................................................................................................... vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..............................................................................................x

INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................1

MUNICIPAL PROFILE ..............................................................................................1 STATE OF THE COAST ............................................................................................5

Coral Reefs ..............................................................................................................5 Fishes ......................................................................................................................6 Mangroves ...............................................................................................................8 Beach Forest ............................................................................................................9

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ............................................................. 11 Demographics ........................................................................................................ 11 Education ............................................................................................................... 12 Social Services ....................................................................................................... 12

Social Welfare ................................................................................................... 12 Disaster Management ......................................................................................... 13 Family Welfare .................................................................................................. 13 Health ................................................................................................................ 13 Water Supply ..................................................................................................... 14 Solid Waste Management ................................................................................... 16

Employment .......................................................................................................... 17 Tourism ................................................................................................................. 17 Agriculture............................................................................................................. 18 Fisheries ................................................................................................................ 21 Mineral Resources ................................................................................................. 25 Forestry ................................................................................................................. 25 Industry ................................................................................................................. 27

LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR ICM ........................................................................... 32 The Local Government Code (LGC) of 1991 or RA 7160 ...................................... 32 The Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998 or RA 8550 ................................................ 32 National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act (RA 7586) .................... 33 Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA) or RA 8345 ....................... 33 Executive Order 533 .............................................................................................. 34 International Agreements ....................................................................................... 34 Municipal Ordinances ............................................................................................ 35

STRATEGIC PLAN ...................................................................................................... 38

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Vision and Mission .................................................................................................... 38 Issues, Goals and Objectives ...................................................................................... 38

MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE ................................................................................... 49 Organizational Structure ............................................................................................ 49 Roles and Mandates of Key Organizations ................................................................. 50 ICM Coordinating Mechanism ................................................................................... 56

ZONING SCHEME ....................................................................................................... 58 Why Zone .................................................................................................................. 58 Existing and Proposed Zones ..................................................................................... 59

Upland Zone .......................................................................................................... 59 Production Zones ............................................................................................... 59 Protection Zones ................................................................................................ 61

Coastal Zone .......................................................................................................... 64 Marine Protected Area Zone............................................................................... 64 Habitat Enhancement and Protection Zone ......................................................... 64 Tourism Zone .................................................................................................... 65 Fishery Development Zone ................................................................................ 65

PROPOSED ACTIONS /ACTIVITIES ......................................................................... 66

REFERENCES .............................................................................................................. 77

CAPSULE SUBPROJECT PROPOSALS ..................................................................... 78

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LIST OF FIGURES

No. Figure Title

Page

1 Map showing the relative location of Municipality of Subic, Province of Zambales

2

2 Map showing the topography of Municipality of Subic, Province of Zambales

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3 Coral reef assessment during PCRA in Subic, Zambales (DA-BFAR, 2009)

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4 Coral reef habitat assessment results using Snorkel Method (DA-BFAR, 2009) 5 5 Fish visual census results distribution by fish species (DA-BFAR, 2009) 6 6 Beach Forest Species Composition, Number of Individuals and

Biodiversity Index in Subic, Zambales 9

7 Organizational chart of the Municipality of Subic 50 8 Map showing the tenurial uses of Municipality of Subic, Zambales 60 9 Zoning map of Subic, Zambales 61 10 Map showing the upland zoning of Subic, Zambales 62

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LIST OF TABLES

No. Table Title

Page

1 Estimated Population per Barangays of Subic, Zambales. 4 2 Coral Reef Assessment Result using Snorkel Method (DA-BFAR, 2009) 6 3 Fish Visual Census Result per Barangay (DA-BFAR, 2009) 7 4 Assesstment Result of the Mnagrove Stand (DENR, 2009) 7 5 Assessment Result of the Mangrove Forest per Barangays (DENR,2009) 8 6 Assessment Results of the Beach Forest Stand of Subic (DENR, 2009) 10 7 Wells and Pumping Stations of Subic. 14 8 Barangays/Estimated Concessionaires of Subic Water District (as of June

2010) 15

9 Households by Main Source of Drinking Water. 15 10 Skills Inventory (Municipality of Subic, 1998) 17 11 Major Tourist Spots in Subic, Zambales 18 12 Rice Production 2009 Wet Cropping Season 19 13 Rice Production 2009-2010 Dry Season 19 14 Profile of Subic Agricultural Crops 19 15 Profile of Subics Permanent Commercial Crops 20 16 Profile of Subics Livestock and Poultry Production 20 17 Number of Organized Animal Farm 21 18 Number of Organized Poultry Farms 21 19 Common Species Caught and Gear Inventory in Brgy. Calapandayan,

Subic, Zambales (DA-BFAR, 2009) 22

20 Common Species Caught and Gear Inventory in Brgy. Baraca-Camachile, Subic, Zambales (DA-BFAR, 2009)

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21 Common Species Caught and Gear Inventory in Brgy. Matain, Subic, Zambales (DA-BFAR, 2009)

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22 Common Species Caught and Gear Inventory in Brgy. Cawag, Subic, Zambales (DA-BFAR, 2009)

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23 Common Species Caught and Gear Inventory in Brgy. Calapacuan, Subic, Zambales (DA-BFAR, 2009)

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24 2009 Business Establishment of Subic 30 25 Ordinance of Subic Related to ICRM 35 26 Goals, Objectives and Strategic Prepared to Address Issue No. 1 40 27 Goals, Objectives and Strategic Prepared to Address Issue No. 2 41 28 Goals, Objectives and Strategic Prepared to Address Issue No. 3 42 29 Goals, Objectives and Strategic Prepared to Address Issue No. 4 44 30 Goals, Objectives and Strategic Prepared to Address Issue No. 5 45 31 Goals, Objectives and Strategic Prepared to Address Issue No. 6 46 32 Goals, Objectives and Strategic Prepared to Address Issue No. 7 48 33 Breakdown of General Land Uses, 2000 59 34 Proposed Actions and Activities on Issue Number 1 56 35 Proposed Actions and Activities on Issue Number 2 57

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No. Table Title

Page

36 Proposed Actions and Activities on Issue Number 3 59 37 Proposed Actions and Activities on Issue Number 4 60 38 Proposed Actions and Activities on Issue Number 5 62 39 Proposed Actions and Activities on Issue Number 6 64 40 Proposed Actions and Activities on Issue Number 7 65

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Republic of the Philippines MUNICIPALITY OF SUBIC

Province of Zambales

OFFICE OF THE MAYOR

FOREWORD

Subic is bestowed with rich coastal and marine resources with

clear/clean bay waters, abundant of marine aquatic life. The bay is surrounded with beaches, which is good potential for tourism.

However, the coastal marine resources have been over exploited due

to several human activities in the past. Excessive fishing, use of destructive fishing method and deforestation contributed to the destruction of marine resources.

In order to develop and implement coastal management strategies, an

Integrated Coastal Resource Management plan will be formulated, adopted and implemented.

This plan, the first ever written Coastal management Plan for Subic

will enhance coastal resources to reduce poverty among Municipal Fisher folks, and promote sustainable management of coastal resources to increase their income.

To the fisher folks of Subic, the DENR is with you all the way through

a healthier coastal environment and self-reliant Subic.

JEFFERSON F. KHONGHUN

Municipal Mayor

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Republic of the Philippines DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES

Region III, Diosdado Macapagal Government Site, Maimpis, City of San Fernando (P)

FOREWORD

In the face of the urgency of ecological degradation and inadequacy of centralized environmental management, local government units must use the powers given them, thru the 1991 Local Government Code and take responsibility for the care of their environment as primary stakeholders.

The Subic experience provides us with creative ideas and effective

strategies in confronting problems as well as with necessary institutional mechanism to ensure integration of environmental plan with local governance and strong support among the local community.

This plan envisions for a more effective protection, conservation and

rehabilitation of both marine and terrestrial resources. Thus, it contains intervention and strategies to improve both ecosystems which the LGU itself have identified based on issues and concerns prevailing in their municipalities thru participatory planning. It is therefore hoped that the plan formulated by the constituents themselves will be their major guide in implementing the project.

RICARDO L. CALDERON, CESO III Regional Executive Director

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Republic of the Philippines BUREAU OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC RESOURCES

Region III, Diosdado Macapagal Government Site, Maimpis, City of San Fernando (P)

FOREWORD

Central Luzon is composed of seven provinces with relatively flat terrain. In the coastal areas are composed of 336 coastal barangays bordered by major fishing ground, namely the Manila Bay, South China Sea and Pacific Ocean wherein a rich marine environment that includes coral reefs, coves and bay can be found.

However due to excessive abuse, these environments are enduring the problems

and risk of environmental degradation, declining fish catch and poverty in the coastal communities. These issues have prevailed through the years and continue to agitate the delicate ecological balance and endanger the lives and livelihood of coastal residents. With these critical scenarios in hand, the concept of an integrated approach to Coastal Resources Management (CRM) from municipal level to address these problems is a must. The participation of the municipalities in promoting the ICRM Plan is the key to alleviating the problems of the environment and poverty.

The Integrated Coastal Resources Management Project (ICRMP) is a program

that promotes in depth awareness on the current status of our coastal environment to the people through a technically designed framework which was developed to scientifically link the people to their environment and all process connected to it. The project will provide new gateway for progress and create livelihoods that eliminate the pressure from our coastal environment.

Lastly, I would like to commend the Municipality of Subic for coming up with this

very comprehensive ICRM Plan. This would serve as blueprint of the community towards sustainable coastal resource management in the next five years. Together with DENR R3, BFAR will always be your partner in achieving the goals sets by this ICRM Plan. Congratulations and Mabuhay!!!

REMEDIOS E. ONGTANGCO, CESO III Regional Director

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Executive Summary

The Integrated Coastal Resource Management Plan provides salient information on the social and economic condition of upland and marine ecosystem of the Municipality of Subic. It also significantly elaborates on the current status of the resources, integrating ridge to reef habitats and ecological linkages, and the issues that intrudes within the municipality and its negative impacts on the sustainability of resources. Foremost are issues concerning marine environment degradation, poor access roads, lack of trainings and technical know-how, poverty, overlapping applications, conflicts in barangay boundary, sanitation, improper solid waste disposal and weak law enforcement.

Thru Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment (PCRA) actual data have been

generated in coordination and active participation of the members of Bantay-Dagat, Barangay Officials and fishermen. The data are gathered and compiled with the presence of primary stakeholders and this result to an improved awareness and recognition of the real situation of their resources and the need for integrated management.

The ICRM plan of Subic has been formulated in order develop and institute

strategies, actions and activities that the LGU, through inter-agency coordination, may undertake to address priority issues, mitigate impacts and restore ecosystem integrity. In addition, these strategies may help the municipality to further enhance its natural resources and improve the quality of life of its peoples. The integrated coastal resource management plan elaborates on the root causes of issues, establishes the most appropriate strategies to address the issues and assembles a host of projects and activities that will collectively achieve the Municipalitys vision on sustainable development through ICRM.

In the later sections, the ICRM Plan discusses institutional mechanisms by which

the Plan can be effectively implemented and emphasizes that the underpinning element of ICRM is essentially effective governance. Competent institutional structures and roles, as well as resilient and informed communities will make up an effective governance system. Building up a strong institutional base for ICRM within the LGU system and the communities would enable effective and responsive policy reforms, rationalize plans for effective elimination of destructive and non-sustainable resource use practices, reduce negative consequences of economic development, and enhance community stewardship of resources. The proposed zoning scheme will reinforce these initiatives as zoning would establish the overall framework for long-term management of resource use practices and investments in the coastal zone, coalesce local multi-sectoral initiatives for resources conservation, protection and wise use practices,.

As we envision A progressive, environmentally-balanced and industrialized city

sustainably managed by committed, healthy and God-fearing stakeholders. the Municipality reaffirms its conscientious dedication to be the primary steward of its natural resources.

INTRODUCTION MUNICIPAL PROFILE

The early inhabitants of Subic were the Negritos of Zambales, also known as Aetas or Agtas. Early accounts reveal that these people lives wholly on hunting and depended entirely on the vast forest of Subic for their daily sustenance. Although they are not known for agricultural practices, some Aetas made use of the farm implements called HUBEK. Later, the Spanish Missionaries christened the town after the farm tools, but found it more convenient in pronouncing HUBEK as SUBIC.

With the arrival of the first wave of migrants in Zambales, mostly seafarers from

the Malay Peninsula, pocket settlements were established in areas where Aeta communities were located. Through time, they were eventually pushed away from the lowlands towards the uplands. Subic then was a stretched of rolling rugged and thickly forested mountain ranges that formed a ring around to the bay.

The town of Subic was founded by the Augustinian Friar, Father Rodrigo de San

Miguel in 1607. In 1901, the U.S. Navy designated Subic Bay as a repair and supply naval base site because of its strategic location. Later, Olongapo, a barrio of Subic and part of the U.S. Military Reservations was turned over to the Philippines and converted into a municipality by virtue of Executive Order No. 366 issued by then President Carlos P. Garcia in December 7, 1959. Subic today as a town, is a separate and distinct from SBMA and from Olongapo City.

The Municipality of Subic occupies the southernmost portion of the province of Zambales (Figure 1). It is about 139 km. north of Manila and geographically situated at 14053 latitude and 120014Longitude. It is bounded on the north by the Municipality of Castillejos, on the southeast by the City of Olongapo, on the west by the Municipality of San Antonio, and on the east by the Municipality of Floridablanca, Pampanga.

Subic is the 7th biggest municipality in the entire province of Zambales with a land area of 25,506.01 hectares. The data presented were based solely on the digitized cadastral map per barangay of Subic Municipality. The result of digitization should be cleared with the Bureau of Lands because of the discrepancy in land area from the formerly declared area of 28,420.47 hectares to the digitized area of 25,506.01 hectares. There is a difference of 2,914.46 hectares. Subics topography is characterized by rolling and rugged mountainous terrain. Based on landscape map, mountainous regions account for more than half (61.33%) of the total land area of Subic. Hilly and lowland areas have coverage of 26.33% and 12.04%, respectively. In terms of slopes, a large portion of Subic Municipality, about 8,776.55 hectares (34.56%) have slopes ranging from 30 50% (hilly to mountainous). Another 2,027.50 hectares (7.98%) have been classified as having slopes of more than 50% (mountainous) (Figure 2). Collectively, about 16,325.95 (64.29%) hectares of

Integrated Coastal Resources Management Plan of Subic, Zambales

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the total land area of Subic have slopes greater than 18%. The highest registered elevation within the Municipality is Mount Redondo measuring 1,071 meters and located on the southwest. On the east of the Municipality is another peak, Mt. Balakibok, measuring 843 meters. The only level areas with 0-2 meters elevation above sea level is the Subic Poblacion which is situated in a valley adjoining Subic Bay.

Figure 1. Map showing the relative location of Municipality of Subic, Province of Zambales


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Subic has sixteen barangays, of which, eight (8) are urban and the other eight (8) are rural (Table 1). The three largest barangays are rural: Batiawan (11,800.56 hectares), Cawag (9,710.74 hectares) and Mangan-Vaca (926.41 hectares). Together with the rest of the rural barangays, they account for a very high percentage (97.26 %) of the total land area. Only a minute portion (2.74%) of Subic Municipality is occupied by the urbanized barangays. The Pequia Island is considered part of Brgy. Calapacuan (235.32 hectares). Six (6) out of the sixteen (16) barangays are coastal with a population of 54,217 or 57% of the total 2009 population occupying 40% of the total land area of the municipality. Fishing was once a major source of livelihood as indicated by a dynamic fishport called Bulungan near the market area. But with the influx of industries coming in since Subic is included in the Subic Special Economic and Freeport Zone (SSEFZ) by virtue of Republic Act. 7227 or the Base Conversion and Development Act of 1992, it is gradually shifting to become an industrial municipality that strives to balance conserving the environment while accommodating commercial establishments. Table 1. Estimated Population per Barangay of Subic, Zambales

No. Barangay Land Area (ha) Percentage

(%) Classification Population

2009 1 Aningway-Sacatihan 762.68 2.99 Rural Non-coastal 4,936 2 Asinan Poblacion 11.26 0.04 Urban Non-coastal 1,169 3 Asinan Proper 406.29 1.59 Rural Non-coastal 4,596 4 Baraca-Camachile 68.63 0.27 Urban Coastal 4,619 5 Batiawan 11,800.56 46.27 Rural Non-coastal 1,141 6 Calapacuan 235.32 0.92 Urban Coastal 16,560 7 Calapandayan 118.64 0.47 Urban Coastal 10,738 8 Cawag 9,710.74 38.07 Rural Coastal 8,510 9 Ilwas 15.96 0.06 Urban Non-coastal 5,144 10 Mangan-Vaca 926.41 3.63 Rural Non-coastal 5,992 11 Matain 42.26 0.17 Urban Coastal 9,842 12 Naugsol 378.17 1.48 Rural Non-coastal 1,970 13 Pamatawan 739.02 2.90 Rural Non-coastal 3,800 14 San Isidro 188.70 0.74 Urban Non-coastal 5,377 15 Sto. Tomas 82.70 0.33 Rural Non-coastal 6,744 16 Wawandue 18.68 0.07 Urban Coastal 3,948

Total 25,506.01 100 95,086 Source: Subic Profile 2009 from MPDO and Digitized Cadastral Map per Barangay of Subic Municipality No. of Coastal Barangays: 6 No. of Non-coastal Barangays: 10 Coastal Population: 54,217 (57%) Non-coastal Population: 40,869 (42%) Area of Coastal Barangays: 10,194.27 ha (40%) Area of Non-Coastal Barangays: 15,311.75 (60%) Urban Area: 699.44 (2.74%) Rural Area: 24,806.57 (97.26%)


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STATE OF THE COAST

Coral Reefs

Coral reefs are critical habitats for marine life as they play an important role in the productivity of the coastal ecosystem. In Subic, a Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment (PCRA) to assess coral reef was led by the Department of Agriculture-Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (DA-BFAR) covering five (5) coastal barangays (Figure 3). The coral reef condition is usually indicated by the percentage of live coral cover which is composed of the percentages of live hard corals and live soft corals of a specific sampling site.

Assessment results using snorkel method revealed that generally, coral reef of

Subic is in poor condition with an average live coral cover of only 8% (Figure 4). Brgy. Cawag among the five barangays showed the highest live coral cover of 22.5%, making it a potential site for a marine protected area (Table 2). This is still categorized as poor and just 3.5% deficient to make it to the 26% mark, which belongs to the fair condition range. Meanwhile, Brgy. Calapacuan followed the rank at 12.5% live coral cover and Matain with 9% with an interesting 17.5% dead coral cover, a probable site for artificial reef installation. The other two (2) barangays have all sandy bottom.

Figure 3. Coral reef assessment during PCRA in Subic, Zambales (DA-BFAR, 2009).

Brgy. Baraca-Camachile Brgy. Matain

Brgy. Cawag Brgy. Calapacuan


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Table 2. Coral Reef Assessment Result using Snorkel Method (DA-BFAR, 2009) Benthic Life Forms/ Coral Reef Components

Percent (%) Coral Cover per Barangay Average (%) Baraca-

Camachile Calapacuan Calapandayan Cawag Matain

Live hard corals - 12.5 - 21.5 9 6.3 Live soft corals - 2.5 - 5.0 0 1.4 White dead coral - 12.5 - 12.5 10 4.3 Dead corals with algae - 12.5 - 12.5 17.5 10.3 Plants - - - 5.0 0 0.8 Other animals - - - 2.5 0 0.1 Ruble/rock - 12.5 - 30.0 13.5 8.7 Sand/Silt 100 47.5 100 11.0 50 68.0

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 Live coral cover - 15 - 26.5 9 10.1 Condition - - - Poor Poor POOR Fishes

During the 2009 PCRA, results reveal that only 15 species were found in the transects laid during the assessment. Brgy. Matain showed the most diverse fish species at 7 fish species, probably because of the presence of the 64.7% coral cover composed of both live and dead. Second most diverse is Brgy. Cawag at five (5) fish species living along a 47% coral cover area (Figure 5). The dominant fish in terms of quantity is fusilier (Gymnocaesio gymnoptera) with a local name of tirong found in Brgy. Calapandayan.

Figure 4. Coral reef habitat assessment results using Snorkel Method (DA-BFAR, 2009)

6% 2% 4%

10% 1% 0%

9%

68%

Live hard coral Dead coral with algae Live soft coral Plants White dead coral

Other animals

POOR CONDITION


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Table 3. Fish Visual Census Result per Barangay (DA-BFAR, 2009)

FISHES Barangay Scientific Name

Common Name Local Name Baraca Calapacuan Calapandayan Cawag Matain

Siganus canaliculatus

Rabbitfish Samaral/danggit 1 0 0 0 0

Apogon fraenatus

Cardinal fish Parangan 12 0 0 0 0

Myripristis pralinia

Squirrelfish Suga 0 1 0 0 0

Lutjanus bohar Snapper

Maya-Maya 0 2 0 0 0

Three-line therapon

Gagaong 0 0 2 0 0

Gymnocaesio gymnoptera

Fusilier Tirong 0 0 21 0 0

Ctenochaetus binotatus

Surgeonfish Labahita 0 0 0 12 8

Chaetodon auriga

Butterflyfish Paru-paro 0 0 0 2 5

Chromis agilis Damsel fish Puyong Dagat 0 0 0 9 0 Chromis caudalis

Damsel fish Puyong Dagat 0 0 0 2 4

Thalosoma lunare

Wrasse - 0 0 0 2 0

Coris batuensis

Wrasse - 0 0 0 0 5

- Bumphead Parrotfish

Angol 0 0 0 0 5

Scolopsis bilineatus

Coral Bream - 0 0 0 0 5

Figure 5. Fish visual census results distribution by fish species (DA-BFAR, 2009)

1% 12%

1% 2%

2%

21%

20%

7%

9%

6%

2% 5% 5%

5% 2%

Gymnocaesio gymnoptera Chromis caudalis

Three line therapon Chromis agilis Bumphead parrotfish

Scolopsis bilineatus

Siganus canaliculatus

Apogon fraenatus

Myripristis pralinia Ctenochaetus binotatus Thalassoma lunare Zanclus cornutus

Chaetodon auriga Coris batuensis

Lutjanus bohar


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Mangroves

Mangrove forest is considered a major coastal resource that greatly contributes to the countrys economy and in maintenance of ecological balance. They serve as habitats for many animals especially fishes and shellfish. However, the benefits incurred from these resources do not spare it from the rapid degradation usually caused by human intrusion, urbanization and coastal development. Generally, mangrove forest in Subic is in good condition based on the three (3) barangays assessed (Table 4). Good condition indicates slight disturbance and few mangrove cuttings. Brgy. Cawag and Brgy Calapacuan, in particular, exhibited good mangrove habitat condition. Since Brgy. Baraca-Camachile has only several mangrove trees, this was not included in the assessment but were manually counted and noted for reference. The average crown cover of mangroves assessed was 53.25%, height was 4.43 m and regeneration per square meter was 1.21.

Table 4. Assessment Results of the Mangrove Stand (DENR, 2009)

BARANGAY

Total Area of All Sampled

Quadrats (sq.m)

CRITERIA Habitat

Condition Percent (%)

Crown Cover

Average Height

(m)

Regeneration per Square

Meter Cawag 6,400 57.26 4.40 0.55 Good Calapandayan 1,000 63.91 5.39 2.44 Good Calapacuan 800 38.57 3.49 0.63 Fair TOTAL / AVE. 8,200 53.25 4.43 1.21 GOOD

The assessment results showed that 15 mangrove species can be found in Subic

(Table 5). The total number of trees assessed is 653, with Nipa (Nypa fruticans) as the most dominant comprising about 31% of all trees recorded, followed by Pagatpat (Sonneratia alba) at 19% and Kulasi (Lumnitzera racemosa) at 8%. Most number of trees were enumerated in Barangay Cawag with 366 trees (56%). Table 5. Assessment Results of the Mangrove Forest per Barangay (DENR, 2009)

Mangrove Tree Species Barangay Total No. Scientific Name Local Name Cawag Calapandayan Calapacuan 1 Nypa fruticans Nipa 4 - 198 202 2 Sonneratia alba Pagatpat 120 7 - 127 3 Lumnitzera racemosa Kulasi 45 7 1 53 4 Rhizophora mucronata Bakawan Babae 9 43 - 52 5 Avicennia rumphiana Bungalon 40 - - 40 6 Avicennia officinalis Api-api 25 9 4 38


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Mangrove Tree Species Barangay Total No. Scientific Name Local Name Cawag Calapandayan Calapacuan 7 Ceriops tagal Tangal 37 - - 37 8 Ceriops decandra Malatangal 32 - - 32 9 Xylocarpus granatum Tabigi 25 - - 25 10 Osbornia octodonta Taualis 20 - - 20 11 Bruguiera cylindrica Pototan Lalake - 3 7 10 12 Rhizophora apiculata Bakauan Lalake 9 1 - 10 13 Excoecaria agallocha Buta-buta - 3 - 3 14 Sonneratia caseolaris Pedada - 3 - 3 15 Aegiceras corniculatum Saging-saging - 1 - 1

TOTAL 366 77 210 653 Beach Forest

Beach forest is a narrow strip of woodland along the sandy and gravelly beaches of the seacoast which plays a critical role in maintaining the coastline. A beach forest assessment conducted on four (4) barangays of Subic showed that Subic beach forest has an average of 1.97 biodiversity index.

A beach forest assessment conducted on four (4) barangays of Subic showed that

Subic beach forest has an average of 1.97 biodiversity index. Beach forest species predominant in the municipality is Niyog (Cocos nucifera). It is followed by Agoho (Casuarina equisetifolia), Talisay (Terminalia catappa) and Mangga (Mangifera indica). Pure stands of palms are not the natural vegetation of the beach forest ecosystem. It is sometimes indicative of an altered/ disturbed habitat.

Assessment results (Figure 6 and Table 6) indicated that 52 beach forest species

can be found on four barangays. Out of the four barangays, Barangay Calapandayan beach forest is the most diverse with a biodiversity index of 2.19. At present, Subic Beach forest is generally an endangered habitat because of coastal development such as human habitation and cultivation and coconut plantations as evidenced by the prevalence of fruit-bearing trees and agricultural crops. In this particular event, vegetation has been cleared significantly removing beach forest species and replaced by plant species considered to be more valuable for human use and consumption.


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Table 6. Assessment Results of the Beach Forest Stand of Subic (DENR, 2009)

BARANGAY Species Composition Number of Individuals

Biodiversity Index Top three tree species

Calapandayan 20 158 2.19 Niyog, Mangga, Talisay Calapacuan 13 78 2.05 Niyog, Mangga, Bougainvilla Matain 8 62 1.86 Niyog, Talisay, Auri Cawag 11 181 1.79 Agoho, Eucalyptus, Talisay TOTAL / AVE. 479 1.97

It is likewise noteworthy to mention that the large number of individuals assessed

in Barangay Cawag and the dominance of Agoho in the area. This may be attributed to the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo as have been the case of Sitios Anawangin, Nagsaza, and Silanguin of the municipality of San Antonio which are adjacent to Barangay Cawag. As foretold, the said eruption spread out hence, it is worthy to note that aside from human intervention which directly affects the species composition of an area, ecological aspect and calamities are also great factors.

Figure 6. Beach Forest Species Composition, Number of Individuals and Biodiversity Index in Subic, Zambales


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SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS Demographics

Population (2007 survey) 76,682 Land Area 25,506.01 hectares No. of Barangays 16 No. of Coastal Barangays 6 Income Business taxes, IRA, clearances, RPT & Other taxes Classification 1st class Island 1 (Pamana/Snake Island) Major Industries : Manufacturing : Services : Trading Transportation : Jeepneys, mini-buses and buses (victory liner)

playing in the town from south & north Zambales

: Tricycle rides from the town to the different barangays : Water craft or motorized bancas in going to coastal sitios of Barangay Cawag. Number of Household : 17,232 Average No. of Children : 4 Literacy Rate : 95% Waste Disposal System : Open Dumpsite Roads Barangay Road : 44.9078 Km. Municipal Road : 2.85 Km. Provincial Road : 27.10 Km. National Road : 33.378 Km. Concrete Road : 31.4 Km Asphalted Road : 35.89 Km General Land Use:

A. Forest Area 16,338.66 ha B. Swamps/Rivers/Marshes 154.00 ha C. Grazing & Pasture 3,417.30 ha D. Crops Production Area 1,027.394 ha

1. Rice -Irrigated 269.7 ha -Rainfed 309.6 ha

2. Corn 16.7 ha 3. Vegetables/root crops 50.96 ha


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4. Mango 380.134 ha E. Orchards/Permanent Crops 300.59 ha F. Fishpond(brackish/ Freshwater) 36.404 ha G. Residential Areas/Roads 3,230.00 ha H. Industrial Area 715.59 ha I. Commercial Area 106.43 ha j. Open Space 188.112 ha K. Institutional 22.03 ha L. Idle/Uncultivated Land 2.5 ha TOTAL LAND AREA 25,506.01 hectares Education

The Municipality of Subic had enhanced the educational facilities to support the need of residents for quality higher education. The Municipality has nine (9) High Schools which serve secondary school-going population and twenty five (25) Public Elementary Schools that give an average of 1:45 and 1:44 teacher-student ratio respectively that more than meets the standard of 1:50 teacher-student ratio as set by the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS).

It also has one (1) Tertiary Education, the Kolehiyo ng Subic founded last

September 17, 2002 by Former Mayor Jeffrey D. Khonghun through Sangguniang Bayan Resolution No. 83, Ordinance No. 05-2002. It offers four (4) four-year courses and four (4) vocational/technical courses with a faculty compliment of thirteen (13) full time and sixty six (66) part time.

Day care facilities are found in all baranagys of Subic. In Cawag, there are five

(5) day care centers, three (3) in Calapacuan, two (2) each in Aningway-Sacatihan, Manggahan, Asinan Proper, Matain, Sto. Tomas and Batiawan, and one (1) each in Barangays Pamatawan, Ilwas, Baraca-Camachile, Wawandue, Asinan Poblacion, Calapandayan, San Isidro and Naugsol.

Social Services

Social Welfare

Social Welfare aims to uplift the living conditions of that segment of the population, which has the least in life. Emphasis is given on the improvement of the quality of life of the distresses and the disadvantaged individuals, groups, families and communities. Vulnerable groups include neglected, abused, and exploited children and women, cultural communities, persons with disabilities, the elderly and communities prone to natural calamities and/or man-made disasters.


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The Municipal Social Welfare and Development Office (MSWDO) facilitate the social welfare services of the municipality. Among the society levels being served were children, the youth, needy adults, older persons (60 years above), persons with disabilities (PWDs) and families. Disaster Management

During periods of calamity, resources are organized to provide relief goods to affected families. The Municipal Disaster Coordinating Council, chaired by the Honorable Mayor, is tasked to oversee the implementation of disaster operations and activities. It allows non-government organizations, and peoples organizations to volunteer their services in relief and rehabilitation work. During emergency situations, the council is mobilized to provide overall coordination of disaster management. Family Welfare

On-going programs that address the needs of families include: Family Casework/Counseling, Marriage Counseling, Special Social Services for Solo Parents, Assistance for Abused Children, and Maternal and Child Care Skills Development. (Source: Subic CLUP- 111 21 & 22) Health

A Barangay Health Station (BHS) provides primary health services to the locality, which usually include health education, control of locally endemic diseases, immunization, maternal/child health and family planning, nutrition, treatment of common diseases, and supply of essential drugs. There are ten (10) BHS Facilities in Subic. These are located in Barangays Matain, Calapacuan, Calapandayan, Sto. Tomas, San Isidro, Ilwas, Mangan-Vaca, Cawag, Aningway-Sacatihan and Pamatawan.

There are two (2) Rural Health Units (RHUs) found in barangays Wawandue and Calapacuan. The RHUs usually provide secondary health services. In Subic, the RHUs take care of the medical needs of barangays that do not have BHS facilities. RHU I cover the following areas: Asinan Proper, Asinan Poblacion, Baraca Camachile, and Wawandue. On the other hand, RHU II takes charge of farflung barangays Naugsol and Batiawan.

According to the Municipal Health Office (MHO), the health personnel of Subic are comprised of one (1) doctor and three (3) public health nurses. There is also one (1) Medical Technologist, one (1) Sanitary Inspector, nine (9) Midwives, and


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three (3) Birth Attendants. The municipality also employs one (1) Dentist and two (2) Dental Aides but lacks a local Nutritionist.

Water Supply The Subic Water District supply water in the whole municipality. It has several wells and pumping stations located in different barangays to distribute water (Table 7). Supply of water covers four (4) barangays. There are twelve (12) wells being managed by five (5) pumping stations. There are two major sources of surface water the Mangan-Vaca Dam and Balite Dam (Baraca-Camachile).

Table 7. Wells and Pumping Stations of Subic Area Name of Pumping Station Well Pamatawan Atty. Leonardo Gonzales

Pumping Station 1. Pamatawan Well I 2. Pamatawan Well I-B

Felipe Delgado Pumping Station

1. Pamatawan Well II-B

Isaias Q. Vindua Pumping Station

1. Pamatawan Well IV 2. Pamatawan Well IV-B

Mangan-Vaca 1. Mangan-Vaca Well (Manggahan Well) 2. Mangan-Vaca Well II

San Isidro R. Magsaysay Well Naugsol V. Casila Pumping Station 1. Naugsol Well I

2. Naugsol Well II 3. Naugsol Well III

Jose Vindua Pumping Station

1. Naugsol Well IV

Number of area barangays covered: 4 Total number of pumping stations: 5 Total number of wells: 12 There are concessionaires or small water distributors that specifically serve a number of individual consumers. The barangays and number of estimated concessionaire of the Subic Water District is show in Table 8.


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Table 8. Barangay/Estimated Concessionaires of Subic Water District (as of June 2010)

No. Barangays Number of Concessionaires 1 Mangan-Vaca 1154 2 Ilwas 641 3 Asinan-Proper 472 4 Asinan Poblacion 69 5 Baraca-Camachile 479 6 Wawandue 515 7 Calapandayan 768 8 Calapacuan 1743 9 Matain 1252 10 Sto. Tomas 468 11 San Isidro 763 12 Pamatawan 359 13 Aningway-Sacatihan 222 14 Cawag-Club Morocco 29 LGU Accounts 13

TOTAL = 8,947

Data on drinking water sources provide information on the proportion of households with access to potable water. In the 1990 census, 3,705 or 39 percent of the households have their own faucets and are connected either to the Subic Water District (SWD) or a community water system. Water system with deep well as source is reported under this category as long as it subscribes to a community water system. 2,386 or 25.12 percent of the households get their water from the faucet of another household, establishment, or office which is connected to the community water system also known as the Subic Water District (SWD). 1,014 or 10 percent of the households get their water from a tubed/piped well which is at least 100 feet (5 pieces of 20 ft pipes) or 30 meters deep, for private use of the household or households in the same building or compound. Springs, lakes, and rivers are used by the residents in remote barangays for their water needs (Table 9).

Table 9. Households by Main Source of Drinking Water

Main Source of Drinking Water Number of Households Percentage (%) 1. Own use, faucet, community water system 3,705 39.00 2. Shared, faucet, community water system 2,386 25.12 3. Own use, tubed/piped deep well 1,014 10.68


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Main Source of Drinking Water Number of Households Percentage (%) 4. Shared, tubed/piped deep well 840 8.84 5. Tubed/piped shallow well 596 6.28 6. Dug well 707 7.44 7. Spring, Lake, River, Rain, etc. 251 2.64 TOTAL 9,499 100.00

Source: NSO 1990

From the Provincial Development Plan, as of 1996, 4,018 wells serve 4,750 or 39.45 percent of the households under Level 1 water system while Level 3 water system serve 4,697 or 49.01 percent of the households in Subic. Level 1 water system is characterized by the existence of a point source system with shallow well, deep well or protected spring. Level 2 is communal faucet comprised of developed point source, electrically driven pumps, storage tank and piped distribution network with public faucets. There are no Level 2 systems in the municipality. Meanwhile, Level 3 refers to individual house connections. About 21.54 percent of the households have no water service at all.

Solid Waste Management

The Municipality of Subic has one designated area for their garbage: the nine-hectare controlled dumpsite in Brgy. Calapacuan which was opened last 1997. The area of the existing controlled dumpsite was formerly an idle lot and is located far from any residential area. The controlled dumpsite will be eventually closed by virtue of RA 9003. Currently, there is an on-going site suitability assessment of a sanitary landfill being conducted by the Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB) of 15-hectare lot situated at Brgy. Naugsol.

A concrete road leads to the site from Barangay Mangan-Vaca. Open dump trucks with a capacity of 4.9 cu.m. each collect approximately 3,120 cubic meters of waste coming from 14 out of the 16 barangays of the municipality per month. Each barangay has its own garbage truck except Barangay Batiawan. The trucks make three trips to the dumpsite daily. A total estimate of 50 metric tons of garbage per day is collected. Compositions of the garbage range from textile, plastics, paper, to rubber and leather, petroleum products, yard waste, wood, metals and glass.

Recycling and zero-waste approach to waste management has not been introduced and there are no recycling plants within the municipality. Sorting the garbage is being done by the garbage collectors that have junk shops. Materials that can be reused, such as cartons, aluminum cans, bottles and metal, are segregated and sold.


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Employment

Of the 28,789 household population 15 years old and over, 12,430 (43.18%) are employed while 2,012 (6.99%) are unemployed. The other 14,347 (49.84%) are not in the labor force (NSO Census of Population and Housing, 1990).

In the 1998-2001 Municipal Trade and Industry Development Plan, the number of skilled workers total 26,580. The distribution of these workers according to skills is presented in the table below:

Table 10. Skills Inventory (Municipality of Subic, 1998)

Skills No. of Persons Automotive mechanic 102 Basic accounting and bookkeeping 76 Basic computer literacy 1,564 Basic driving 6,000 Basic electronics 107 Basic typing and data encoding 11,419 Drafting 53 Dressmaking 1,271 General electricity 205 Heavy equipment operation 46 High-speed sewing 279 Hotel housekeeping 2740 Intermediate computer literacy 854 Refrigeration and aircon mechanic 47 Tailoring 104 Welding 1713 TOTAL 26,580

Source: Municipal Trade and Industry Development Plan (1998-2001) Tourism

Subic has long been recognized a tourist destination area with the presence of its beach resorts and accommodation facilities (Table 11). There are several good tourist destination areas in the town. Among these are seven (7) prominent beach resorts, one (1) shrine, and one (1) inland resort (Balon Falls), as shown in the table below. Four (4) of these resorts are accessible by land transportation while the rest are accessible by boat. Moreover, because of the emerging interest of people in Eco-Tourism in general, Subic can develop Patal falls located in Batiawan where visitors can trek or camp. The


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Municipal government can also explore other areas in the Municipality that can be developed into eco-tourism sites.

Table 11. Major Tourist Spots in Subic, Zambales

Tourist Spot Location (Brgy.) White Rock Quality Resort and Hotel Matain Pequea Island/Snake Island (formerly Pamana Resort) Subic Bay Palibunin Tourist Spot Calapandayan Atin Beach Calapandayan Miami Beach Cawag Green Beach Redondo Peninsula, Cawag Gaines Beach Cawag Balon Falls Aningway-Sacatihan Shrine of the Blessed Virgin Mary Aningway-Sacatihan

Source: Socio-Economic Profile; Comprehensive Land Use Plan and Zoning Ordinance of the Municipality of Subic, 1997

Other potential tourist spots include:

Patal Falls located in Brgy. Batiawan Subic Wildlife Park M & N beach resort located in Brgy. Calapandayan Subic Shipyard in Brgy. Cawag (an industrial area that could also serve as

an alternative tourist destination) Agriculture

Subic has six (6) agricultural barangays that include Barangays Pamatawan, Aningway-Sacatihan, Mangan-Vaca, Cawag, San Isidro and Naugsol. Presently, 2.5% of the total municipal land or 697.92 hectares are devoted to field crops. Of this 579.3 hectares are planted with rice, 46.56 % are irrigated areas with a total of 269.7 hectares, and 53.44% or 309.6 hectares are rain-fed areas. Farmers planted twice a year in irrigated areas and once in rain-fed areas.

Average rice production during 2009 Wet Cropping Season in irrigated area is 4.0 Metric Tons (M.T.) and 3.8 M.T. in rain-fed areas. Hybrid Rice average yield per hectare is 4.05 M.T. This was so due to calamities brought about by typhoon/storm Ondoy and Peping which caused damages in rice crop.


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Table 12. Rice Production 2009 Wet Cropping Season

Production(MT) By Ecosystem By Seed Type

Yield (MT/HA) By Ecosystem By Seed Type

Hybrid Seeds

Certified Seeds Good Seeds Hybrid Seeds

Certified Seeds Good Seeds IRRI. RFD. IRRI. RFD. IRRI. RFD. IRRI. RFD.

12.15 463.66 536.06 411.5 726.18 4.05 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.58

Table 13. Rice Production 2009-2010 Dry Season

Production(MT) By Ecosystem By Seed Type

Yield (MT/HA) By Ecosystem By Seed Type

Certified Seeds Good Seeds Total Certified Seeds Good Seeds Total

294.7 125.2 419.9 4.30 3.74 4.11

Agricultural Commodities A. Field Crops

Table 14. Profile of Subic Agricultural Crops

Kind of Crops Area (ha) No. of

Farmers Total Production

(M.T) Average

Yield/Ha. 1. Rice

- Irrigated 269.7 224 1,213.65 4.5 - Rainfed 309.6 256 1,238.4 4.0 2. Corn -Yellow 5.2 7 19.5 3.75 - Green/White 11.5 39 43.125 3.75 3. Root Crops - Cassava 17.0 67 76.5 4.5 - Sweet Potato 9.7 39 33.95 3.5 - Ube 1.1 14 3.3 3.0 - Gabi 6.2 39 20.46 3.3 4. Legumes - Bush Sitao 4.29 36 17.16 4.0 - Pole Sitao 3.66 27 14.64 4.0 - Peanut 3.6 4 2.7 4.5 5. Vegetables a. Leafy Vegetable


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Kind of Crops Area (ha) No. of

Farmers Total Production

(M.T) Average

Yield/Ha. - Pechay 1.5 14 5.25 3.5 - Cowpea 1.5 10 5.25 3.5 b. Fruit Vegetable - Ampalaya 2.9 41 9.0 3.10 - Eggplant 6.6 42 23.04 3.5 - Squash 2.7 24 13.5 5.0 - Tomato 6.2 35 21.7 3.5 - Upo 2.6 48 8.45 3.25 - Okra 3.8 45 12.35 3.25 - Patola 1.41 19 5.4 3.82

TOTAL 670.76 1,030 2,787.33 75.22 B. Permanent Commercial Crops

Table 15. Profile of Subics Permanent Commercial Crops

Permanent Commercial Crops

No. of Bearing Trees

Production (M.T)

Non-Bearing (No. of Trees)

1. Mango 8,653 1,652.28 19,246 2. Coconut 198 15.84 200 3. Cashew 2,065 8.2 2,215 4. Banana 8,000 160 2,000 5. Calamansi 1,200 - 1,000

C. Livestock and Poultry Profile

Table 16. Profile of Subics Livestock and Poultry Production

Kinds of Animals No. of Farmer Raisers No. of Heads Carabao 74 253 hds. Cattle 57 285 hds. Swine 325 B/C 1,806 hds. Goat 72 868 hds. Sheep 6 45 hds. Broiler Chicken 47 5,040 hds. Native Chicken 129 3,404 hds. Layer Chicken None None Ducks 56 646 hds. Pigeons 224 3,578 hds. Ostrich 1 2 hds.


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Table 17. Number of Organized Animal Farm

Kind No. of

Commercial Farm

No. of Heads

No. of Semi-Backyard Farm

No. of Heads

Cattle None - 5 7-10 hds. Swine 4 80-150 hds 11 10-15 hds. Goat None - 9 10-15 hds.

Table 18. Number of Organized Poultry Farms

Kind of Poultry No. of Farms No. of Heads Native None None Layer None None Broiler None None Ducks None None Pigeons 39 15-30 hds.

No. of Slaughterhouse : 1 No. of Breeding Station : none No. of Commercial Hog Farm : 4 No. of Feed Mills : None No. of Meat Processing Plants : None No. of Chicken Dressing Plant : 1-new breed

Fisheries In 1998, it was estimated that the municipality of Subic yielded a total fishery resources of 1,746,000 kilos. Approximately 752,000 out of the total production were generated through inland fishing (Source: Provincial Agriculture Office (PAO)). The rest were caught in the seas using motorized and non-motorized bancas. Furthermore according to PAO, Subic had a deficit of 770,600 kilos of fish for the same period. The estimate was based on the towns population, consumption, and total fish production. Cawag, Ilwas, and Wawandue are coastal barangays. These barangays generate estimated fishery resources of 2-3 metric tons per month. Fishponds are likewise found in Cawag and Ilwas. These ponds commonly cultivate milkfish and prawns.

With the Subic LGU, DA-BFAR conducted a PCRA socio-economic interview among coastal barangays and covered the following topics: gear inventory and common species caught, community organizations, past and present livelihood projects, proposed community livelihood projects, issues and project proposal.


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Gear inventory and common species caught is part of the interview output during barangay consultation. Results are presented in Table 19 for Brgy. Calapandayan, Table 20 for Brgy. Baraca-Camachile, Table 21 for Brgy. Matain, Table 22 for Brgy. Cawag, and Table 23 for Brgy. Calapacuan. Table 19. Common Species Caught and Gear Inventory in Brgy. Calapandayan, Subic,

Zambales (DA-BFAR, 2009)

Common Gears Used Common Species Caught

1. Kawil 2. Uhayan 3. Lambat Palubog 4. Largarete 5. Singapong 6. Bintol and Bubo 7. Pana 8. Pangulong

1. Aligasan 2. Alimango 3. Alimasag 4. Alumahan 5. Batalay 6. Bisugo 7. Bonito 8. Burara 9. Dilis 10. Galunggong 11. Gulyasan 12. Hasa-hasa 13. Lapu-lapu 14. Loro

15. Malakapas 16. Matambaka 17. Maya-maya 18. Oreles 19. Pugita 20. Pusit 21. Samaral 22. Sapsap 23. Saramolyete 24. Tarian 25. Tirong 26. Tulingan 27. Yellowfin tuna

Table 20. Common Species Caught and Gear Inventory in Brgy. Baraca-Camachile,

Subic, Zambales (DA-BFAR, 2009)


9. Hook and line 10. Pana 11. Singapong

28. Alimango 29. Alimasag 30. Bangkutak 31. Bisugo 32. Dalagang Bukid 33. Dilis 34. Galunggong 35. Lapu-lapu 36. Lobster 37. Loro

38. Matambaka 39. Pargo 40. Pating 41. Pusit 42. Samaral 43. Sapsap 44. Saramolyete 45. Talakitok 46. Tirong 47. Torsilyo


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Table 21. Common Species Caught and Gear Inventory in Brgy. Matain, Subic, Zambales (DA-BFAR, 2009)


12. Kawil 13. Lambat Palutang 14. Lambat Palubog 15. Pana 16. Squid jigger 17. Bubo 18. Tawtaw 19. Kitang

48. Aligasin 49. Alumahan 50. Bangkutak 51. Batalay 52. Betilya 53. Bisugo 54. Blue Marlin 55. Bonito 56. Burador 57. Burara 58. Danggit 59. Darapa 60. Hasa-hasa 61. Lapu-lapu

62. Loro 63. Matambaka 64. Maya maya 65. Pagi 66. Pargo 67. Pusit 68. Salay-salay 69. Samaral 70. Sapatero 71. Talakitok 72. Tambakol 73. Tanigue 74. Tulingan 75. Tuna

Table 22. Common Species Caught and Gear Inventory in Brgy. Cawag, Subic,



1. Pana 2. Lambat Palubog 3. Lambat Palutang 4. Kawil

1. Alimasag 2. Alumahan 3. Batalay 4. Bisugo 5. Boging 6. Bondying 7. Borador 8. Danggit 9. Darapa 10. Dorado 11. Espada 12. Hasa hasa 13. Kulita 14. Labahita

17. Marlin 18. Octopus 19. Pagi 20. Pango 21. Pating 22. Pusit 23. Salay-salay 24. Samaral 25. Sapsap 26. Talakitok 27. Tambakol 28. Tanigue 29. Torsilyo 30. Tulingan


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15. Lapu-lapu 16. Malasugi

Table 23. Common Species Caught and Gear Inventory in Brgy. Calapacuan, Subic,



1. Kawil 2. Hila hila 3. Kitang 4. Tawtaw

1. Bisugo 2. Albahura 3. Alumahan 4. Baratiktik 5. Batalay 6. Betilya 7. Bisugo 8. Bonito 9. Bukot 10. Burara 11. Butete 12. Dilis 13. Dulyasan 14. Galunggong 15. Hasa-hasa

16. Langa 17. Lapis 18. Lapu-lapu 19. Latsay 20. Lobster 21. Matambaka 22. Pagi 23. Palos 24. Pating 25. Pusit 26. Talakitok 27. Tanigue 28. Tirong 29. Torsilyo

Aquaculture

A. Brackish Water Aquaculture Culture Species Area (ha) No. of Operators Annual/Production(M.T) Bangus (fishpond) 65.0 10 375.5


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B. Freshwater Culture Species Area (ha) No. of Operators Annual/Production(M.T) Tilapia 3.4 14 6.8

Municipal Fisheries A. Number of Registered Fishermen

Full Time - 1,030 Part Time -

B. No of Registered Fishing Banca Motorized No. - 518 Production (M.T.) - 1,628.00

C. Coastline (km) of Subic Bay - 30.46503 Area - 142 sq. km.

D. Commercial Fishing No. of Registered Vessel - 5

Mineral Resources

Subic town which is part of Zambales is rich in metallic minerals such as gold, copper, chromite, and silver as well as non-metallic minerals in the form of crushed sandstones/rocks, jade, pumice, white clay, rock aggregate, salt, stones, cobbles, boulders, and silica quartz. This is supported by various claims on the presence of small scale quarrying and mining operations in the town. In Cawag, for example, there were reports of jade extraction but have recently ceased operations for unknown reasons. Forestry

The Marelalec Watershed has an area of 635 hectares. It is located in the northern part of the Subic Bay. The maximum length of the watershed is about 4.2 kilometers with a width of about 2.8 kilometers. On the northeast of the headwater of the watershed is Mount Namapagan at Barangay Asian, Subic. The flow path of the river follows a North-South direction. The area is covered by brushland, open/grassland, and patches of mangrove. There is also forest trees sporadically located within the watershed. The built-up areas cover Barangay Wawandue and Barangay Asinan. The dominant soil type is Antipolo clay with 60.6% and covers almost the entire headwater of the watershed. It is followed by mountain soil with 32.2% and Quingua silt loam. The watershed has an elevation of 180 meters above sea level (masl). This river flows through Barangay Wawandue before emptying its water in the Subic Bay.


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The Calapandayan/Managn-vaca Watershed has an area of 1,600 hectares. It is one of the most important watershed as it is the source of potable water supply for the town of Subic, Zambales. The maximum length of the watershed is 9.8 kilometers. The headwater originates at mount Mabohinok on the northwest of the watershed. The flow path of the mainstream follows northeast-southwest direction. The water runs through Barangay Batiawan, Managan-vaca, along the border of Ilwas through Barangay Baraca-Camachile and finally emptying into Subic Bay through the river mouth of Calapandayan River. The area is covered by dipterocarp species in the upper stream while grassland, reproductive brush, agricultural crops and mangrove species dominate the down stream. The Quingua silt loam with 70.2% covers the largest part of the watershed and is found mostly in Barangay Mangan-vaca, Aningway-Sacatihan and Batiawan Antipolo clay, on the other hand, covers the northeast of the watershed while Hydrosol covers the shoreline of the watershed. In terms of slope, the area is moderately sloping, gently sloping to undulating steep. The highest elevation of the watershed is 800 masl.

The Agusuhin/Quinabucsan Watershed has an area of about 1,300 hectares. The headwater originated from Mount Redondo. It is bounded by Mount Redondo in the north, Mount Maybe in the west and Cinco Picos in the south. The maximum length of the Agusuhin River is about 6.6 kilometers while the highest elevation is 800 masl. The soil of the entire watershed is classified as mountain undifferentiated. In terms of slope, the land along the shoreline of the watershed is gently sloping to undulating while the rest of the land is moderate to steep slope. The area is predominantly grassland covered by cogon making the watershed highly susceptible to severe erosion.

The Matain Watershed has an area of about 3,100 hectares. The length of the watershed is approximately 15.52 kilometers. The headwater originates from Mount Palakibok which is located in the northeast of the catchment. Its main flow path is northeast-southwest direction. The river mouth is located in Barangay Matain. The built-up areas are found mostly along the coastal and river of Barangay Matain and Barangay Sto. Tomas. The watershed has a level to gently sloping slope to undulating steep and very steep slope. The Matain Watershed is mainly covered with grassland, patches of trees and agricultural (mixed crops/rice field). In terms of soil types, four types are found in the watershed. Antipolo clay covers the largest portion and is found in Barangay Naugsol. It is followed by Quingua silt loam found in Barangay San Isidro, Subic and Barangay Barreto, Olongapo Ciy. Hydrosol occupies areas along the shoreline of Barangay Matain, Sto. Tomas, and Barretto.

The Calapacuan Watershed has an area of about 308 hectares. The length of the river is about 3.5 kilometers. It is one of the smallest rivers situated on the eastern side of Subic Bay. Majority of the portion of the catchment is located within the jurisdiction of Barangay Calapacuan. The area is covered by brushland, mixed agricultural crops and forest trees. Built-up areas are located along the coastal area. In terms of slope, the area is gently sloping to undulating and moderately sloping. A large portion of the area is covered by Quingua silt loam while Hydrosol occupies the shoreline of Barangay Calapacuan. The flow path of the water is in northeast-southwest direction.


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The Cawag Watershed is bounded on the north by Mount Cayuag, mount Pink in the northwest, and Mount Redondon and Mount Maybe on the south. It is located at the northwest of Subic Bay. It covers a total area of about 4,200 hectares with a length of 13 kilometers. The highest elevation is 1,071 masl. In terms of land use, the river is dominated by grassland, open canopy forest, agricultural (mixed crops), brushland and mangrove forests. Cawag River is dominated by Antipolo clay and mountain soil undifferentiated located in the upper stream of the watershed. A level to gently sloping occupies both sides of the mainstream of Basilio River a tributary of Cawag River and the lower portion of Redondo Creek. Most of the area is the headwater are covered by either rolling to steep slope. Industry

Commerce and industrial activities play a vital role in the development and progress of the town. Four (4) major industries exist and these are the UMICORE Specialty Chemicals Subic, Inc., DLA Naturals Incorporated, Subic Shipyard & Engineering, Inc. and Hanjin Philippines.

1. UMICORE Specialty Chemicals Subic, Inc.

Umicore Specialty Chemicals Subic, Inc. (formerly Pacific Rare Metal Industries, Inc.) (or the company) was incorporated and registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on July 18, 1989 to engage in, operate, conduct, maintain the business of manufacturing, importing, exporting, buying, selling or otherwise dealing in, at wholesale such goods as selenium powder, tellurium dioxide, tellurium metal and other chemical, goods of industrial in nature, any and all equipments, materials, and supplies employed in or related to the manufacturing of such finished products. Starting April 2002, the Company limited its operation to tolling of cobalt and nickel oxides and salts. The Company is equipped with Wastewater Treatment Plant to abate water pollution prior to discharge in the receiving environment and Air Pollution Control Devices to prevent air pollution.

The company is 78% owned by Umicore Holding Philippines, Inc. The Company, with its principal place of business located at Subic Shipyard Special Export Processing Zone,Malinta, Asinan Proper, Subic, Zambales, has 96 employees as of July 30, 2008.

The Company is equipped with a Waste Water Treatment Plant (WTP) to abate water pollution prior in discharging its wastewater into its immediate receiving water body. The Company is also equipped with Air Pollution Control Devices (APCD) for the abatement of air pollution and to meet the air quality standards for stationary sources of air pollution.


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2. DLA Naturals Incorporated

DLA Naturals Incorporated (formerly DLA Food Ingredients Inc.) was granted an Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) with Reference Code No. 03ZA-9909-200020-170A for its bakery ingredients and fruit processing plant on July 25, 2008 with a capacity of 650 Metric Tons per month. The plant is located at 999 Cabangaan Point, Brgy. Cawag, Subic, Zambales with an area of 13,172 square meters. The site is approximately 2.5 kilometers away from the National Highway of Subic, Zambales going to Cabangaan Point, Cawag, Subic, Zambales.

The present operation of the plant is to produce a wide range of fruit

ingredients for pastries, catering services, hotels, bakeshops, etc. with fruits such as mango, apple, strawberry, pineapple, etc. and fruit concentrates as major raw materials. This range consists of oven stable jams, injecting jams, jellies, glazes, fruit filling, toppings, decorating jellies and chocolate compound products to supply bakeries and pastry shops for crafts and industrial segments.

The expansion of the plant included the manufacturing of natural

healthcare and cosmetic products such as creams and lotions, serum blends and biotechnology such as spirulina edible micro algae tablet (food supplement).

The environmental impacts during operation are the wastewater

discharges, solid wastes and air emission. However, to mitigate the said impacts the plant has Wastewater Treatment Facilities.

3. Subic Shipyard & Engineering, Inc.

Subic Shipyard & Engineering, Inc., formerly Philippine Shipyard and Engineering, Corporation was a joint venture between the Philippine government and the Japanese government on a 60%-40% equity ratio. It is located at Bo. Cawag, Subic, Zambales and occupies 52 hectares of land. The yard has about 350 regular workforce and has about 30 active subcontractors who can supply up to over a thousand workers, should the need arise.

The yard is equipped with world class facilities that can cater to varied

ship repair requirement such as hull and cargo blasting and painting jobs, steel works, fabrication works, repair of engines and propeller and other specialized services. It has a 340,000 DWT capacity graving dock, about 640 meters long berthing facility, 3 jib cranes, a floating crane and a 2000 ton press.

The company caters to ocean going vessels such as bulk carriers,

container ships, tankers and other panamax and cape size vessels. When it


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does blasting jobs, the waste products are the used copper grits. The Shipyard has the equipment that will collect all the used grits and these are disposed of at the municipal dumping site.

Sometimes, used oil is collected from the vessel. The used oil is stored

in special tanks and later, these are sold to the highest bidder for recycling. Corroded steel parts are also collected at the scrap holding area and these are sold to the highest bidder for recycling. Human waste and other liquid waste are brought to the Waste Treatment Plant through the sewerage system for treatment then discharge to the creek.

4. South Korean Hanjin Heavy Industries and Construction Co., Ltd.

South Korean Hanjin Heavy Industries and Construction Co., Ltd. is a ship building company constructing and will operate a 1 billion US dollar shipyard at the Subic Bay Freeport Zone. The shipyard, specifically located at Subic, is said to be the worlds fourth largest shipbuilding facility. It signed a 230-hectare land lease agreement for a steel structure fabrication yard which is expected to finish by 2016. The company opened a P40-million modern training center and hopes to boost the skills of prospective workers in the province. The training facility has three classrooms, 70 welding booths, one pipelifting room, four painting rooms and a large working area that can accommodate a maximum of 200 trainees and instructors.

Once operational, the shipyard will build liquefied natural gas (LNG)

carriers and very large container carriers (VLCC) for customers around the world. The manpower requirement is initially 7,000 and will peak to 40 thousand direct and indirect work opportunities.

Strip commercial development is evident in the locality with the presence of commercial establishments along the National Road and the major and secondary arterial transportation network in the locality. The public market could be considered the influencing factor in the concentration of commercial activities within its periphery. Other commercial activities concentrate in the southern portion of the Municipality, mainly due to the presence of the Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority (SBMA). The service sector could be considered a growing sector with the canteens, bars, nightclubs and other service establishments such as motor repair shops, barber shops, and beauty parlors proliferating in the area.

Establishments inside and near the public market are mostly engaged in wholesale

and retail activities, establishment along the national highway, on the other hand, are mostly service-oriented, while there are few establishment that engaged in banking and finance activities. The four (4) banking institutions present in the locality are the


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following: Progress Savings Bank, Bataan Savings and Loan Bank, Unity Bank and Metro Bank.

As of June 2009, Subic has registered a total of 899 establishments. Of these, 756 establishments are presented in Table 24 where 524 are engaged in trading activities, 210 in services, and 22 in manufacturing. Table 24. 2009 Business Establishments of Subic

Sector No. Type of Business Number of Establishment Manufacturing 1 Autobody building 1 2 Boatworks 3 3 Food processors 2 4 Furnitures 1 5 GTH 4 6 Hollow blocks 6 7 Ironworks/steel fabrication 2 8 Repacking 1 9 Garment (micro) 1 10 Bamboo Craft 1 Total 22 Services 1 Accounting Services 1 2 Banking 4 3 Beauty Parlor/Salon 6 4 Computer Rental 23 5 Dental Clinic 4 6 Driving Services 2 7 Electronic Shops 4 8 Fitness Center 4 9 Food Centers/Restaurant/Bars 28 10 Freight Services 3 11 Fun Centers 3 12 Crematory 1 13 Funeral Parlor 4 14 Memorial 5 15 Gas Station 4 16 Gen. Contractor 14 17 Gen. Services 2 18 Commercial Space Lessor 6 19 House Rentals 3 20 Insurance Agency 1 21 Jewelry Shop 2 22 Junk Shops 12 23 Lending Investor 4


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Sector No. Type of Business Number of Establishment 24 Manpower Services 2 25 Marine Services 4 26 Marketing Services 1 27 Diagnostic Center 2 28 Medical Clinic 4 29 Pharmacy 8 30 Message Carrier 1 31 Motor Works/Repair Shop 6 32 Optical Clinic 2 33 Money Changer 3 34 Pawnshop 4 35 Photo Studio 2 36 Printing Press 2 37 Real State Lessor 17 38 Rice Mill 1 39 Security Services 2 40 Tailoring Shops 7 41 Graphic/Architectural Design 2 42 Telecom Services 4 43 Travel Agency 1 44 Tutorial Center 1 45 Video Center 4 Total 210 Trading 1 Gen. Merchandise/Variety Store 403 2 Scrap Vendor 8 3 Baking/Other food items 6 4 Hardware/Construction Supplies 15 5 Boutique/Gift Shops 9 6 Dry Goods 13 7 Fish Vendor 7 8 Jewelry Shop 8 9 Fishing Supplies 3 10 Meat Vendor 23 11 Drug Store 8 12 Spare Parts 2 13 Other 19 Total 524 Grand Total 363


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LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR ICM The Local Government Code (LGC) of 1991 or RA 7160

When the Local Government Code (LGC) of 1991 or RA 7160 was enacted, it had a major impact on the system of governance in the Philippines. It represents the mode of implementation of the constitutionally-enshrined principles of government decentralization and democratization and creates a system of governance far more complex but much more decentralized than any other prior system used in the Philippines. Its influence on coastal management revolves around the key features of political autonomy and decentralization, and resource generation and mobilization.

Decentralization and autonomy introduced drastic changes to the institutional set

up of ICRM implementation. The passage of the LGC caused a structural shift in power that placed coastal local governments and cities at the forefront of sustainable resource action plans typically originated from NGAs, with the support of scientific and academic institutions that generated the technical information base for management strategies. These programs were then transmitted down to LGU clientele who were tasked to participate in the implementation strategies.

Under the LGC, the process has been reversed, given the devolution of primary

management responsibilities to the local government. The peoples direct participation in the planning and implementation stages at the local level has also been reinforced, and now constitutes the foundation of ICRM planning. Under this system, the NGAs, NGOs, and scientific institutions become partners of the LGUs in refining their respective ICRM plans by providing technical support in planning and implementation.

Decentralization and autonomy also afford the LGU flexibility in resource management and place them at the forefront where environmentally critical national projects are proposed. The mandate for consultations under Sec. 26 and 27 of the LGC provides the mechanism to articulate and address LGU concerns. The Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998 or RA 8550

The Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998 or RA 8550 is a compendium of existing fishery laws. Several provisions contain policies which are quite new and innovative, while others reiterate or improve old ones. Notable among the new concepts espoused by the Fisheries Code are: a) limitation of access using scientifically determined procedures; b) integrated management consistent with inter-LGU cooperation as articulated in the LGC; and c) enhanced and institutionalized participation by the community through the various levels of FARMCs. The Fisheries Code has largely clarified issues pertaining to the extent of jurisdiction of LGUs in municipal waters and the operation of commercial fishing vessels therein.


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In the municipality of Subic, one of the impacts of RA 8550 is the creation of MFARMCs. By virtue of RA 8550, Section 73 which states that The Municipal/City and Aquatic Resources Management Councils (M/CFARMCs) shall be created in each municipality/city abutting municipal waters., the municipality have established its MFARMC. National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act (RA 7586)

RA 7586, an Act providing for the Establishment and Management of National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS), was enacted by Congress in 1992 to respond to the professional impact of human activities on all components of the natural environment, particularly the effect of increasing population, resource exploitation and maintaining the natural biological and physical diversities of the environment (Sec 2). The NIPAS is a national system of classification and administration of all designated protected areas to maintain essential ecological process and life support system to serve genetic diversity, ensure the sustainable use of resources found therein and maintain their natural conditions to the greatest extent possible (Sec 4).

Briefly stated, the NIPAS Act allows the government to identify and segregate defined areas of land and/or water and classify them as protected areas for various purposes. All national parks, wildlife reserves and sanctuaries existing prior to 1992 are automatically incorporated into NIPAS. A special management body called the Protected Area management Board (PAMB) is then constituted, comprised of representatives of the National government, local government concerned and the private sector or affected communities which is tasked with the formulation of management plans to ensure the conservation and sustainable management plans to ensure the conservation and sustainable management of protected area. Although, the area is provisionally designated as a protected area though a presidential proclamation, once all protected area through a presidential proclamation, once all protected areas have been identified, they are to be submitted to Congress which will thereafter pass a law, which permanently incorporates all such areas. Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA) or RA 8345

RA 8435, or the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA) was also enacted in 1998 and attempts to provide overall framework for the industrialization of agriculture in the country, which includes fisheries. Aside from providing various incentives and many programs for developing agricultural production, the AFMA has implications on management of coastal resources in so far as it deals with the fishery production.

A key concept in AFMA is the zone-based development of special areas set aside for agriculture and agro-industrial development called Strategic Agricultural and Fisheries Development Zones (SAFDZs). Within these zones, government resources and


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development projects are to be concentrated with the hope that benefits will spill over to the adjacent areas and eventually spur economic growth. The boundaries of these zones do not necessarily have to coincide with the existing political or administrative boundaries, but will be based on production (e.g., crops, livestock, fish), and shall have their own concerned department offices, LGUs, NGOs and Pos. These plans must be consistent and incorporated in land use and zoning ordinances developed by cities and municipalities. Executive Order 533

Executive Order 533 was signed on June 6, 2006 by Pres. Gloria Macapagal

Arroyo is in relation to Adopting Integrated Coastal Management as a National Strategy to Ensure the Sustainable Development of the Countys Coastal and Marine Environment and resources and Establishing Supporting Mechanisms for its Implementation.

Integrated Coastal Management and related approaches, such as coastal resource

management or coastal zone management, is the national management policy framework to promote the sustainable development of the countrys coastal and marine environment and resources in order to achieve food security, sustainable livelihood, poverty alleviation and reduction of vulnerability to natural hazards, while preserving ecological integrity (Sec 1). ICM is implemented in all coastal and marine areas, addressing the inter-linkages among associated watersheds, estuaries and wetlands, and coastal seas, by all relevant national and local agencies (Sec 2).

Integrated coastal management is recognized as an effective approach to

sustainable coastal and marine development with demonstrated benefits in enhancing economic growth, ecosystem protection; promotion of social equity and the quality of life of the people. International Agreements

The Philippine Government supports global efforts to protect the environment by being a state party to several international treaties, as well as global programs of actions on various aspects of the environment. Some of these treaties have significant implications to resource management programs at the national and local level. For example, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) brings the Philippines within the international regime recognized by the community of nations on the proper management of the oceans. It also commits the Philippines to cooperate in international efforts to protect and preserve the marine environment, which opens up the possibility of international cooperative projects for marine resources management, ocean technology transfer and information exchange in matters of common interest.


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One treaty which is significant to CRM, as it may involve the cooperation of local government authorities is CITES. CITES is a treaty between 151 states which have agreed to control or prohibit the international trade of over 40,000 species of animals and plants, including any products made from them, depending, on the extent of the treat to their survival as a species. The parties to the treaty of life apply a system of permits and certificates, which are issued when certain conditions are met which have to be presented when consignment of specimens of species listed under the agreement leave or enter country. Since the sources of these flora and fauna are directly within their jurisdictions, local governments are required to prevent the collection, trafficking of, and trade in the species listed under CITES. With respect to the marine environment, this includes twenty one (21) species of marine mammals (whales, dolphins, dugong and porpoise); three (3) species of Reptilla (seawater snakes); two (2) species of Arowana and one (1) species of giant catfish; seven (7) species of shelled mollusks (Tridacna spp. and Hippopus spp.); and at least twenty six (26) species of corals.

CITES is currently being implemented in the country through the DENR and BFAR. Marine mollusks which are protected under CITES, for example, cannot be gathered under Fisheries Administrative Order (FAO) Nos. 158,168, and 168-2. All corals, on the other hand, are protected under the FAO 202, s2000. The capture, sale, possession, transport, and purchase of dolphins are banned under FAO 185, s1992. The capture, sale, purchase, possession, transport, and export of whale sharks and manta rays are prohibited under FAO 193, s1998.

The Food and Agriculture Organization Code contains general guidelines for the use and management of six areas of aquatic resources management, including fisheries management; fisheries operation; aquaculture development; integration of fisheries into costal area management; post harvest practices and trade; and fisheries research. Municipal Ordinances

Currently, there are several existing resolutions and ordinances that the Municipality of Subic passed in order to protect and conserve its coastal resources. A total of four (4) ordinances were enacted and these pertained to solid waste management, illegal fishing, establishment of marine sanctuary and fishery regulatory in Table 25. Table 25. Ordinances of Subic, Zambales Related to ICRM

No. Year Ordinance Title/Description

1 1999 Municipal Ordinance No. 99-03

Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Ordinance for the Municipality of Subic

2 1998 Regulatory Ordinance No. 98-02

Declaring the areas of Binictican pt. (Northeast) to Sampaloc pt. (Northwest) as Subic Marine Sanctuary and Reservation Area


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No. Year Ordinance Title/Description

3 1996 Regulatory Ordinance No. 2, Series of 1996

Implementing the Fishery Regulatory Ordinance

4 1989 Ordinance No. 89 05 Regulating Fishing and/or Fisheries

Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Ordinance for the Municipality of Subic

The Municipal Government passed Municipal Ordinance No. 99-03

known as the Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Ordinance for the Municipality of Subic. The goal of the ordinance is to enhance the ecological balance of the community through a sustainable and integrated waste management. This ordinance was enacted to: Guide, control and regulate the generation, storage, collection, transportation

and disposal of solid wastes and promote an orderly and sanitary system within the locality;

Enhance the total environmental quality of the municipality through the necessary

Documents

Subic Zambales