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Structure and Replication of
DNA
OBJECTIVES
Identify components of DNA, and describe how information for specifying the traits of an organism is carried in the DNA (TEKS 6A) • History of DNA • Summarize the relationship between genes and DNA and relate
DNA molecule to chromosome structure • Describe the overall structure of the DNA molecule
• Summarize the events of DNA replication • Learn how to extract your own DNA
MAJOR DISCOVERIES FOR DNA
Griffith
Genetic information could
be transferred from one
bacterium to another
Avery
Nucleic acid DNA stores
and transmits genetic
information from one
generation to the next
Hershey-Chase Genetic material was DNA,
not protein
Chargaff A=T G =C
Franklin, Watson, &
Crick
DNA’s shape is a double
helix
Video
OBJECTIVES
Identify components of DNA, and describe how information for specifying the traits of an organism is carried in the DNA (TEKS 6A) • History of DNA • Summarize the relationship between genes and DNA and relate
DNA molecule to chromosome structure • Describe the overall structure of the DNA molecule
• Summarize the events of DNA replication • Learn how to extract your own DNA
OBJECTIVES
Identify components of DNA, and describe how information for specifying the traits of an organism is carried in the DNA (TEKS 6A) • Summarize the relationship between genes and DNA
• Relate DNA molecule to chromosome structure • Describe the overall structure of the DNA molecule
• Summarize the events of DNA replication • Learn how to extract your own DNA
MACROMOLECULES-POLYMERIZATION
Macromolecules are formed by a process
known as polymerization in which large
compounds are built by joining smaller ones
together.
The smaller units, or monomers, join
together to form polymers.
~”Mono” = one
~”Poly” = many
Monomers may be identical
~like the links on a metal watch band
Monomers may be different
~like the beads in a multicolored necklace
TYPES OF MACROMOLECULES
Four groups of organic compounds
(macromolecules) found in living
things are:
~carbohydrates
~lipids
~nucleic acids
~proteins
Sometimes these organic
compounds are referred to as
biomolecules
NUCLEIC ACIDS (GENETICS!!)
Nucleic acids are
macromolecules/polymers containing
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen, and phosphorus.
Nucleic acids store and transmit
hereditary, or genetic, information
There are two kinds of nucleic
acids:
-ribonucleic acid (RNA)
-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
NUCLEIC ACIDS-STRUCTURE
The monomers or “building blocks” of nucleic
acids are called nucleotides
Nucleotides consist of three parts:
-5-carbon sugar
-phosphate group
-nitrogenous base
DNA/RNA-STRUCTURE
Four nitrogenous bases for DNA Nucleotide
RNA has Uracil instead of Thymine
DNA = Deoxyribonucleic Acid
RNA = Ribonucleic Acid
DNA/RNA STRUCTURE
• A always pairs with T (or U if RNA)
• G always pairs with C
• Connected by a hydrogen bond RNA Structure
OBJECTIVES
Identify components of DNA, and describe how information for specifying the traits of an organism is carried in the DNA (TEKS 6A) • Summarize the relationship between genes and DNA
• Relate DNA molecule to chromosome structure • Describe the overall structure of the DNA molecule
• Summarize the events of DNA replication • Learn how to extract your own DNA
