STRENGTHENING WATER MANAGEMENT AND IRRIGATION … · Haskoning Nederland B.V UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education Annex M -Environmental Assessments Haskoning Vietnam Ltd. PART

STRENGTHENING WATER MANAGEMENT AND IRRIGATION SYSTEMS REHABILITATION PROJECT

(TA No. 7107-VIE)

Final Report

December 2009

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK

Haskoning Nederland B.VUNESCO-IHE

Institute for Water Education

Annex M - Environmental Assessments

Haskoning Vietnam Ltd.

PART A

INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION WATER RESOURCES UNIVERSITY

Strengthening Water Management and Irrigation Systems Rehabilitation Project

TA No 7107 - VIE

Annex M - Environmental Assessments Part A: Initial Environmental Examination Water Resources University

Asian Development Bank

December 2009 Final Report 9T9714.21

A COMPANY OF

Document title Strengthening Water Management and Irrigation Systems Rehabilitation Project (TA 7107 VIE)

Final Report Annex M – Environmental Assessment

Document short title Final Report – Annex M (Part A)

Status Final

Date 09 January 2010

Project name Strengthening Water Management and Irrigation Systems Rehabilitation

Project number 9T9714.01

Client Asian Development Bank

Reference 9T9714.01/R04/MVK/VN

Drafted by Frank de Zanger, Do Thi Nham

Checked by Mees van Krimpen

Approved by Jan Willem Overbeek

Date, Initials approval 09 January 2010

Project Office Water Resources University Building C1, Third floor 175 Tay Son Street Ha Noi, Vietnam +84 (0) 4 – 66516264/66516263 Telephone +84 (0) 8 - 38999629 Fax [email protected] E-mail www.royalhaskoning.com Internet

Strengthening Water Management and Irrigation System Rehabilitation 9T9714.21/R04/MVK/VN PPTA No.7107-VIE / Final Report – Annex M (Part A) i December 2009

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

TABLE OF CONTENTS I

LIST OF FIGURES III

LIST OF TABLES III

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS IV

1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Purpose 1 1.3 New Campus for the Water Resources University 2

2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING 3 2.1 General 3 2.2 Objectives of the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) 3 2.3 Relevant Regulations and Guidelines on Environmental Assessment 4 2.4 Extent of the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) 5

3 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT COMPONENT 1 6 3.1 Need for a New Campus 6 3.2 Location of the New Campus 6 3.3 Size of the Operation 7 3.4 Project Implementation 9

4 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 10 4.1 Climate 10 4.2 Geology 10 4.3 Topography and Soils 10 4.4 Surface Water 10 4.4.1 River characteristics 10 4.4.2 Water quality 11 4.5 Groundwater 12 4.6 Air Quality and Noise 13 4.7 Ecological Resources and Sites of Archaeological Significance 14 4.7.1 Protected areas, endangered species, forests and ecosystems 14 4.7.2 Flora 14 4.7.3 Fauna 14 4.7.4 Fisheries 14 4.7.5 Sites of Archaeological Significance 15 4.8 Human and economic development 15 4.8.1 Population 15 4.8.2 Economic development 16 4.8.3 Income, employment and poverty Incidence 16 4.8.4 Land use 17 4.8.5 Education and health 17 4.8.6 Access to water supply 18

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4.8.7 Sanitation and solid waste management 18 4.8.8 Drainage and Flood control 19

5 SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 20 5.1 Introduction 20 5.2 Environmental Criteria 20 5.3 Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the

Pre-Construction Phase (Project Location and Design) 21 5.4 Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the

Construction Phase 25 5.5 Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the

Operation & Maintenance Phase 28

6 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING 30 6.1 Institutional requirements and Environmental Management & Monitoring

30 6.2 Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 30 6.2.1 Environmental Management 30 6.2.2 Costs for Environmental Monitoring of resettlement, water quality, air

quality and noise 31

7 PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 36 7.1 Consultation and Participation Process 36 7.2 Consultation Meetings 36

8 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 38 8.1 Objectives and positive impacts 38 8.2 Negative impacts 38 8.3 Recommendations 38

9 CONCLUSIONS 39

REFERENCES 40

APPENDICES 41 APPENDICES Appendix 1 Environmental monitoring activities (water quality, air quality, noise) and costs for

the New Campus Project, during the pre-construction, construction and operation phases.

Appendix 2: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist Urban Development for the New Campus WRU. Appendix 3: Notes of the first public consultation. Appendix 4: List of participants first public consultation meeting.

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 3-1 Existing Campus Tay Son (left) and overview of the New Campus (right) 6 Figure 3-2 Location of the existing and new campus 7 Figure 3-3 Site for the New Campus 7 Figure 3-4 Layout of the New Campus (Option 2) 8 Figure 4-1 River characteristics in Project Area 11 Figure 4-2 The Tram Gian Pagoda in Tien Phuong Commune (left) and the Tram Pagoda in Phung Chau Commune (right). 15 LIST OF TABLES

Table 4-1 Climate data of Chuong My District 10 Table 4-2 Water quality data, Day River, Ba Tha (Chuong My District) 12 Table 4-3 Concentration of arsenic in water wells at the New Campus area, 2005 13 Table 4-4 Air quality and noise levels, 2005 13 Table 4-5 Numbers of livestock and poultry in Chuong My District, 2008 14 Table 4-6 Population Chuong My District and the communes/town 16 Table 4-7 Status of land use in Chuong My District and in the Project Area in 2008 17 Table 4-8 List of diseases suffered in households, 2008-2009 18 Table 4-9 List of diseases suffered in households, 2008-2009 18 Table 5-1 Potential Adverse Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Pre-Construction Phase (Project Location and Design) 23 Table 5-2 Potential Adverse Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Construction Phase (3 years) 26 Table 5-3 Potential Adverse Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Operation & Maintenance Phase 29 Table 6-1 Environmental Management and Environmental Monitoring: Pre-Construction Phase 32 Table 6-2 Environmental Management and Environmental Monitoring: Construction Phase (3 years) 33 Table 6-3 Environmental Management and Environmental Monitoring: Operation & Maintenance Phase 35

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ADB Asian Development Bank AFD Agence Française de Développement AP Affected Person APC Agriculture Production Cooperative BHH Bac Hung Hai (Irrigation and Drainage Scheme) BoQ Bill of Quantities CIF Cost Insurance Freight CPI Consumer Price Index CPO Central Project Office (MARD) DMF Design and Monitoring Framework DONRE Department of Nature Resources and Environment DOT Department of Transportation DPC District Peoples Committee EA Executing Agency EARP Environmental Assessment and Review Procedures EIRR Economic internal Rate of Return EMD Ethnic Minority Development EMDP Ethnic Minority Development Plan EMP Environmental Management Plan EMU Environmental Management Unit EUR Euro FIRR Financial Internal Rate of Return FMA Financial Management Assessment FSR Feasibility Study Report GDP Gross Domestic Product GoV Government of Vietnam ICT Information and Communication Technology IDMC Irrigation and Drainage Management Company IDP International Development Partner IE Irrigation Enterprise IEE Initial Environmental Examination IMC Irrigation Management Company INB Incremental Net Benefits IOL Inventory of losses IR Inception Report ISF Irrigation Service Fee M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development MASSCOTE Mapping Systems and Services for Canal Operation Techniques MDG Millennium Development Goals MOET Ministry of Education and Training MONRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment MOIT Ministry of Industry and Transport MOST Ministry of Science and Technology NB Net Benefit O&M Operation and Maintenance

Exchange Rates used in this Report (December 2009)

USD 1 = VND 17,875

Strengthening Water Management and Irrigation System Rehabilitation 9T9714.21/R04/MVK/VN PPTA No.7107-VIE / Final Report – Annex M (Part A) v December 2009

PAP Project Affected Person PIA Project Implementation Assistance PMU Project Management Unit PPP Public Private Partnership PPTA Project Preparatory Technical Assistance PSA Poverty and Social Assessment PU Public Utility RAMP Risk Assessment and Management Plan RAP Resettlement Action Plan RC Resettlement Committee RP Resettlement Plan SIEE Summary Initial Environmental Examination SPRSS Summary Poverty Reduction and Social Strategy TA Technical Assistance TMP Transport Management Plan ToR Terms of Reference UPWC Urban and Public Work Company USD United States Dollar VAT Value Added Tax VND Vietnam Dong WRU Water Resources University WTP Willingness to Pay WUA Water User Association WUG Water User Group

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1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

This report is prepared and submitted as Annex J of the Final Report for ADB TA No. 7107-VIE, the Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) for the proposed Strengthening Water Resources and Irrigation Systems Rehabilitation Project (the Project). The report is presented in accordance with the requirements of the Contract, dated March 09, 2009 between the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and Haskoning Nederland B.V, The Netherlands, (the Consultant) the appointed PPTA consultant and the minutes of contract negotiations dated March 06th, 2009. This PPTA is based on an agreement between ADB and the Government of Viet Nam dated September 26th, 2008 and funding of the PPTA is under a grant from the ADB. The main outcome of this PPTA will be a feasibility study report for preparing the Strengthening Water Management and Systems Rehabilitation Project to be financed by ADB and potential development partners. The project’s Final Report will describe the design for three main project components including:

1. Upgrading of professional training facilities for water resources specialists at the WRU

2. Improving management of irrigation and drainage systems in the Bac Hung Hai Scheme

3. Constructing new infrastructure and upgrading existing irrigation systems infrastructure and improving management of operation and maintenance for the Bac Hung Hai Irrigation and drainage scheme.

The project objectives of the Project are twofold:

1. Increase the number of qualified engineers and technicians in agriculture related water management by expanding infrastructure and teaching equipment, materials and methods at the WRU in its campus in Hanoi and the new campus in Chuong My District – Hanoi.

2. Improved service delivery in the BHH Scheme by improved governance and management and by constructing new infrastructure and upgrading of existing irrigation systems infrastructure.

Sustainability of the Project is another key objective, which will require identification of the necessary counterpart financial plans and institutional capacity building measures. This Part A of the report is presenting the Environmental Assessment of the foreseen investments for a new campus for the Water Resources University. This report is prepared in the context of project components 1. The activities described contribute to achieve project objectives no. 1. 1.2 Purpose

This report describes the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) for the proposed New Campus for the Water Resources University (WRU), Ha Noi City, Chuong My District. The IEE was conducted during the project preparation to identify the impacts of the proposed Project on the environment and to recommend measures to mitigate adverse impacts arising from its implementation.


The IEE was carried out following the Environment Policy, Environmental Assessment Guidelines, and Environmental Guidelines for Selected Infrastructure Projects of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the relevant environmental policies and guidelines of the Government of Vietnam (GoV). 1.3 New Campus for the Water Resources University

The existing Water Resources University (WRU) is located in the centre of Hanoi and was originally built for 3.000 students. At present approximately 7.000 students are attending the curriculum at the WRU. Because of the increase in the number of students and the fact that the existing facilities do not meet the required standards anymore for a modern university, plans were made for a new campus. The selected location is in Chuc Son Town, My District, Ha Noi Province, approximately 15 kilometres west of the existing campus. The new campus will provide a modern education environment and research facilities for the WRU, to serve the tasks of the Government of Vietnam for modernisation and industrial development. The Central Project Office (CPO) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) serves as the executing agency of the Project. Based on discussions with ADB, AFD and MARD the following process for project preparation and appraisal is proposed:

• ADB’s Appraisal Mission December 2009; • MARD Minister’s Approval of the Feasibility Study January 2010; • Loan negotiations February 2010; • ADB’s Board consideration: March 2010.


2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING

2.1 General

Environmental Impact Assessment is an integral part of the process of project selection, design and implementation. It should be a tool for decision makers to consider the impacts of proposed activities on the physical and social environment, in order to seek for alternatives, to prepare steps to mitigate negative impacts and to enhance the positive impacts. If necessary a proposed activity should be rejected. Building a new campus for the Water Resources University (WRU) in Ha Noi would have a positive effect on the social and cultural environment in Vietnam and would ultimately result in improved economic development. However, almost every project has also negative impacts on the environment, being slight or severe, temporarily or permanent. It has been verified whether the proposed construction Project conforms to the environmental regulations, guidelines and standards of the Government of Vietnam (GoV) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Environmental screening has been carried out with the help of the ADB Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) technique for the proposed new campus for the WRU. The screening revealed that no significant environmental impacts are expected from this construction Project. Consequently, the Project was categorised as a Category B Project according to ADB guidelines. A Category B Project (ADB, OM 20) is a project judged to have some adverse environmental impacts, but of lesser degree or significance than those for Category A projects. An Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is then required to investigate whether or not significant environmental impacts might occur as a result of the proposed activities. If the IEE shows that indeed significant environmental impacts are to be expected then a full Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is required. If an EIA is not needed, then the IEE is regarded as the final environmental assessment report for the proposed Project (ref.1-3). Screening has also been carried out using the Vietnamese environmental guidelines and regulations. According to Decree No.21/2008/ND-CP a full Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is prescribed, because the total physical area of the new WRU Campus is larger than 50 ha (campus area is 57.3 ha). However, at the present feasibility phase and Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) stage of the Project an IEE is sufficient. An EIA which will be followed Vietnamese procedure will have to be carried out after completion and approval of the Feasibility Study Report and prior to obtaining the construction permit (ref.4,ref.5). In this light, to ensure sustainability for the proposed new campus for the WRU, an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) has been carried out in order to determine whether follow up detailed environmental studies are needed. In the IEE mitigation measures – required to alleviate identified adverse environmental impacts – are presented and guidance is provided on appropriate institutional arrangements for environmental monitoring. 2.2 Objectives of the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)

The Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) of the proposed Subproject, building of a New Campus for the Water Resources University in Chuong My District, Hanoi City was conducted to identify the impacts of the proposed Subproject on the physical and social environment and to recommend measures to mitigate adverse impacts arising from its implementation. A Summary of the IEE has been prepared and also guidance has been provided on appropriate institutional arrangements for environmental monitoring.


The IEE was carried out following the Environment Policy, Environmental Assessment Guidelines, and Environmental Guidelines for Selected Infrastructure Projects of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and relevant environmental policies and guidelines of the Government of Vietnam (GOV). The screening and scoping process has resulted in identification of one of the following analysis requirements for the Project:

• a full Environmental Impact Assessment plus Environmental Management and Monitoring Plans are required, because significant adverse environmental impacts are to be expected;

• only Environmental Management and Environmental Monitoring Plans are required, because limited environmental impacts are to be expected;

• no further environmental analysis is required, as only minor (no significant) adverse environmental impacts are to be expected.

Besides possibly recommended environmental studies, it is assumed that for all projects proper Operation & Maintenance Plans will be prepared and executed. 2.3 Relevant Regulations and Guidelines on Environmental Assessment

Both ADB and relevant Vietnamese environmental guidelines and regulations were used for the preparation of the IEE for the new WRU campus. Relevant GOV Environmental Regulations are:

• Law of Environmental Protection, November 29, 2005. This Law provides for environmental protection; policies, measures and resources for environmental protection and for the rights and obligations of organizations, households and individuals for environmental protection. The Law of Environmental Protection shall apply to the State agencies, organizations, households, individuals, Vietnamese citizens living in foreign countries, and foreign organizations and individuals that operate within the territory of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

• Decree 80/ND-CP, August 09, 2006, of the Prime Minister regarding detailed stipulation and guidance on applying the Law of Environmental Protection.

• Decree 21/2008/ND-CP, February, 28, 2008, amending and supplementing a number of articles of the Government’s Decree 80/ND-CP of August 9, 2006; detailing and guiding the implementation of a number of articles of the Law on Environmental Protection.

• Circular No. 05/2008/TT-BTNMT guiding strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection commitment. This Circular repeals Circular No. 08/2006/TT-BTNMT of 9 September 2006, guiding strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection commitment.

• Decision No. 13/2006/QD-BTNMT, September 08, 2006, of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, regarding stipulation of organizations and operation of the assessment board for reports on Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) and EIA.

• Decision No: 48/2008/QD-TTg, issued on 03/04/2008 by the Prime Minister, regarding Common General Guidelines on Feasibility Study Preparation for ODA Projects.

• Decision 16/2008/QD-BTNMT, December 31, 2008, of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on promulgating the National Technical Standard Regulations for the Environment. This Decision enclosed 8 National Technical Standard Regulations for the Environment as follows:

1. QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on surface water quality. 2. QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on ground water quality. 3. QCVN 10:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on coastal water quality.


4. QCVN 11:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on the effluent of industries. 5. QCVN 12:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on the effluent of pulp and

paper mills. 6. QCVN 13:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on the effluent of textile

industries. 7. QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on domestic wastewater. 8. QCVN 15:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on pesticide residues in soils.

Relevant ADB Environmental Guidelines include:

• Environment Policy of the Asian Development Bank, November 2002. • Environmental Assessment Guidelines, 2003 – Annex 3 Content and Format of Initial

Environmental Examination (IEE). 2.4 Extent of the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)

The Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) involves the following activities: • Gathering available baseline information on the physical / chemical, biological, and socio-

economic environment of the Project area. • Screening of potential impacts related to the siting/design, construction, and operation &

maintenance phases, to distinguish those that are likely to be significant and would warrant further study.

• Recommending measures to mitigate possible adverse impacts. • Provide guidance on appropriate institutional arrangements for environmental monitoring.

Findings of the site reconnaissance, results of social surveys, results of water quality tests and technical descriptions based on the preliminary design presented in the Draft PFS Report (2009), are integrated into this IEE. Also the outcome of discussions with provincial and town authorities and the participatory workshop are incorporated into current report. The active participation of WR-officials during discussions, sites visits, and the Interim Report Workshop, also offered valuable contributions to the IEE. The IEE was carried out in collaboration with the members of the Project Preparation Team.


3 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT COMPONENT 1

3.1 Need for a New Campus

The existing Water Resources University (WRU, Figure 2-1, left) is located in the centre of Hanoi, at the South West side of the Hoan Kiem district. It was originally built for 3.000 students, however at present approximately 7.000 students are attending the curriculum and a further growth is expected to approximately 13.500 students in 2012 (Phase 1) and 17.400 students in 2020 (Phase 2). Because of the increase in number of students and the fact that the existing facilities do not meet the required standards for a modern university, plans were made for a new campus (Figure 3-1, right). The planned location is approximately 15 kilometres west of the existing campus, in Chuc Son Town, Tien Phuong and Phung Chau Communes of Chuong My District, Ha Noi Province. The new campus will provide a modern education environment and research facilities for the WRU, to serve the tasks of the Government of Vietnam for modernisation and industrial development (ref.6, ref.7).

Figure 3-1 Existing Campus Tay Son (left) and overview of the New Campus (right) 3.2 Location of the New Campus

The location of the new campus is in Chuc Son Town, Tien Son and Phung Chau Communes of Chuong My District, Ha Noi Province. The site is located in a flat area in agricultural land with low altitude, varying from 5.02 m to 6.29 m above mean sea level. The site is bordered by:

• to the north: agricultural land / rice cultivation; • to the south: National Road No. 6A (the site is 4.5 m lower than the road); • to the west: drainage canal, Tien Phuong Commune; • to the east: road to the tourist area of Tram Pagoda.

Chuong My District is a flat area of 233 km2, about 20 km to the South-West of Hanoi. National Roads No. 6 and No. 21 run through the area. It borders on Thanh Oai District to the East, on My Duc District to the South, on Ung Hoa District to South-East, and on Luong Son District - Hoa Binh Province to the West and South-East. Figure 3-2 shows the locations of the existing campus and the New Campus for the WRU. Figure 3-3 presents a picture of the site for the New Campus.


Figure 3-2 Location of the existing and new campus

Figure 3-3 Site for the New Campus 3.3 Size of the Operation

The preferred Option 2 for Phase 1 would generate the following facilities: • 7 faculties with classrooms, lecture halls, faculty libraries and administration; • laboratories; • students dormitory for 4,000 students; • teachers apartments for 990 teachers; • outside car park for 325 cars.


The new campus covers a total area of 57.3 ha. The classrooms have a total capacity for 9,930 students; the lecture halls have a capacity of 4,500 students. The total gross area built in Phase I is:

1. left wing building 36,447 m² for educational functions; 2. right wing building 42,475 m² for educational functions; 3. right wing building 12,708 m² for other functions.

The space required for other functions is:

4. laboratories 3,246 m² in building; 5. students dormitory 10,080 m²; 6. teachers apartments 49,650 m².

Figure 3-4 presents the layout of the New Campus.

Figure 3-4 Layout of the New Campus (Option 2)


3.4 Project Implementation

The Central Project Office (CPO) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) will serve as the executing agency of the Project. Based on discussions with the ADB, AFD and MARD the following process for project preparation and appraisal has been proposed:

• ADB’s Appraisal Mission: December 2009; • MARD Minister’s Approval of the Feasibility Study: January 2010; • Loan negotiations: February 2010; • ADB’s Board consideration: March 2010.

The New Campus Project will be carried out in two phases:

• First Phase: to 2012 with a planned number of 13,400 students. • Second Phase: to 2020 with a planned number of 17,438 students.

It is estimated that the Project will be implemented over a 5 years period, commencing in the second half of 2010. The Detailed Design Phase 1 is scheduled for completion by mid-2011. Construction is expected to commence in the latter half of 2011. Land acquisition and resettlement activities will be conducted prior to commencement of construction. The main construction activities during project implementation included: This will include the construction for infrastructure, the leftwing- and rightwing faculty buildings, student dormitory and staff apartment if applicable. 1 The infrastructure category contains the following elements:

a. Land filling b. Transport systems c. Outdoor electric systems d. Outdoor water supply and drainage e. Bridges f. Lakes g. Landscaping h. Gates and fencing

To provide a good framework for the development of the campus, the basic infrastructure of the whole 57.3 ha area has to be provided at the start of the project.. A part of the funding should be used to realize this. The following elements need to be realized:

a. Land filling: only for main roads, building positions and landscaping elements b. Transport systems: main roads will be realized c. Outdoor electric systems: main supply for the whole campus d. Outdoor water supply and drainage: will be laid out for the total campus e. Bridges: bridges to support the main road f. Lakes; all the lakes will be man made g. Landscaping: only the parts for the first phase h. Gates and fencing: around the total perimeters

Total levelling area : 5,730,000 m2 Total volume of land filling: 1,306,750 m3

A borrow pit is proposed in Xuan Mai hill-mountain area- about 20 km north-west from the construction Site


4 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

4.1 Climate

Chuong My District, Hanoi Province, where the Project area is situated, has a tropical monsoon climate. Two main seasons can be distinguished: the dry season from October to April, which is cold and dry, and the rainy season from May to September, which is hot and rainy. The average temperature in the Project area is 23ºC and the mean annual rainfall is 1700-1800 mm. The rain is concentrated in the months of June to October, accounting for 75-80% of the total annual rainfall. Uneven rainfall distribution through the year results in flooding in the rainy season and drought in the dry season. The prevailing wind directions are northeast during the dry season, and southwest during the rainy season (ref. 8). Climate data on the Project area are presented in Table 4-1. Table 4-1 Climate data of Chuong My District

Indicators Annual Average

Temperature 23 oC Number of hours sunshine 1700 hrs Rainfall 1,700- 1,800 mm Relative humidity 84% Evaporation 800-900 mm

4.2 Geology

The Project Area contains two main geological strata:

• an upper stratum at depth of 0 - 27.5 m, consisting of sediment; • a lower stratum at depth > 27.5 m, consisting of rock and weathered rock.

4.3 Topography and Soils

Six main soil groups can be differentiated in Chung My District, divided into two zones, a zone of plains and a zone of hills and mountains. The site for the New Campus is located in the zone of plains. The plain zone is characterised by the following soils types:

1. Alluvial deposits with an area of 17,030 ha, accounting for 8% of the area. 2. Alluvial soils with an area of 51,392 ha, accounting for 24% of the area. 3. Gley soils with an area of 51,551 ha, accounting for 24% of the area.

4.4 Surface Water

4.4.1 River characteristics

The Project area is affected by the hydrological regime of Day River. Day River is a tributary of the Red River and runs with a length of 240 km from Hat Mon in a Southwest – Northeastern direction to the sea. The river is narrow and shallow due to siltation. Since 1937, when the Day Dam was completed, water from the Red River did not flow anymore into the Day River, unless flood waters were diverted. Thus, the upstream course (to Ba Tha, 71 km) of Day River is considered a dead river. Day River is fed by tributaries, mainly Bui (Tich), Boi and Dao Rivers (Figure 4-1).


Figure 4-1 River characteristics in Project Area 4.4.2 Water quality

Water quality data are available for Day River at Ba Tha (Chuong My District). The river water is mainly affected by agricultural activities and partly by domestic wastewaters from Chuc Son Town,


Tien Phuong and Phung Chau Communes (Chuong My District) and Thanh Oai Town. In the dry season the water is polluted by organic substances, having values like: COD 18-27 mg/l, BOD 9-15 mg/l and NH4 0.5-0.75 mg/l. All values exceed the permitted limits (QVN 08/2008-Class A2 for domestic water supply). Dissolved oxygen, DO 5.5 mg/l, is lower than the permitted level (QCVN 08/2008-Class A1 for domestic water supply). Especially NO2, with values of 0.15-0.42 mg/l, exceed (7.5-21 times) the permitted level (QCVN-08/2008-Class A2). The concentrations of heavy metals, pesticides, and Coliform are still within permitted levels (ref.9, Table 4-2). Results of water quality analyses show that water of the section of Day River that receives wastewater from the New Campus area (Chuc Son Town, Phung Chau & Tien Phuong Communes) is polluted. It meets the Standard B1-QCVN 08/2008/BTNMT, suitable only for irrigation. Sources for water pollution in Chuong My District and particularly in the Project area, are mainly: industries, small scale handicraft industry, agricultural activities and domestic solid waste. Table 4-2 Water quality data, Day River, Ba Tha (Chuong My District)

Indicator Unit Observed Period QCVN 08-2008/BTNMT Nov 05* Dec 05* Sep 06** A1 A2 B1 B2

pH 6.7 6.4 7.33 6-8.5 6-8.5 5.5-9 5.5-9 SS mg/l 9.86 13.46 19 20 30 50 100 TDS mg/l 101 164 179 DO mg/l 3.76 5.1 5.82 ≥6 ≥5 ≥4 ≥2 BOD5 mg/l 35.0 16.0 4.20 4 6 15 25 COD mg/l 56.2 33.6 14.90 10 15 30 50 NH4

+ -N mg/l 0.233 0.597 0.33 0.1 0.2 0.5 1 NO3

-+ -N mg/l 5.1 3.144 0.47 2 5 10 15 NO2

- -N mg/l 0.637 0.069 0.028 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.05 PO4

3- mg/l 6.665 1.13 0.004 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 Cl- mg/l 12.43 17.75 250 400 600 - Total Fe mg/l 0.778 0.742 0.5 1 1.5 2.0 Oil & grease mg/l 0.01 0.02 0.1 0.3 Coliform MNP/

100ml 264 700 2500 5000 7500 10000

Cd mg/l 0.0009 0.0003 0.005 0.005 0.01 0.01 Pb mg/l 0.001 0.0014 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.05 Heptachlor µg/l <0.0001 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.05 Lindan µg/l 0.0001 0.3 0.35 0.38 0.40 Endrine µg/l <0.0001 0.01 0,012 0.014 0.02 Diedrine µg/l <0.0001 DDT µg/l 0.0001 0.001 0.002 0.004 0.005 Aldrine µg/l <0.0001 Aldrine+ Diedrine

µg/l <0.0002 0.002 0.004 0.008 0.01

Endosunfan µg/l 0.0004 0.005 0.01 0.01 0.02 HCB µg/l 0.014

Source Geography Institute, Proposed Env Monitoring Network & Env Monitoring Results for Nhue-Day River Basin, Nov- Dec-2005; ** Report on Status of Existing Environment of Ha Tay Province 2007 4.5 Groundwater

In general, the ground water resources in the Project Area are abundant. The groundwater level in the Project Area is 0.50 – 0.75 m below ground level. Results of an exploration well in Ngoc Son


Village-Chuc Son Town, shows a discharge of 19 l/s. Data on groundwater quality in Chuong My District are scarce. The Report on the Status of the Existing Environment mentions that groundwater in Chuong My District still meets the standards (TCVN 5944-2005, ref.10). Local people also report that the groundwater source in the area is good, especially in Tien Phuong and Phung Chau Communes. However, measurements of the concentration of arsenic (analysed in water wells for domestic use in 18 towns and communes of Chuong My District in 2005) showed that ground water in some areas in Chuong My District was polluted with arsenic (Table 4-3). In Phung Chau Commune 10 out of 30 wells showed arsenic concentrations higher than 0.005 mg/l and in Chuc Son town this was 59 out of 277 wells. In Phung Chau in 2 out of 30 and in Chuc Son in 8 out of 277 wells the concentrations of arsenic were found higher than the permissible level of 0.05 mg/l (standard QCVN 02: 2009/BYT). Table 4-3 Concentration of arsenic in water wells at the New Campus area, 2005

Town/ Commune

Time of analysis (2005)

Type of well

Number of

samples

Concentration of arsenic in mg/l (permissible level of arsenic: 0.05 mg/l;

standard QCVN 02:2008/BYT) no arsenic

. 0.005-0.01 0.01-0.05 0.05-0.075

No. % No. % No. % No. %

Phung Chau Jan. 25 drilled well

30 23 76.7 4 13.3 1 3.3 2 6.7

Chuc Son Jan. 26 drilled well

277 218 78.7 24 8.7 27 9.7 8 2,9

Source Environmental Division of Chuong My District –Hanoi City 4.6 Air Quality and Noise

Data on air quality are limited to suspended dust, SO2 and NO2. Dust and noise are exceeding the permitted limits in several urban areas. At Chuong My Toll Station dust exceeds 33.3 times (10 mg/m3) and noise 1.2 times (82 dBa) the permitted levels. Transportation is mainly causing the high dust and noise levels. In most of the urban and residential areas NO2 and SO2 levels are lower than the permitted limits (see Table 4-4). Table 4-4 Air quality and noise levels, 2005

Location Suspended

dust (mg/m3)

SO2

(mg/m3) NO2

(mg/m3) Noise (dBA)

Chuong My Toll Station 10.0 0.20 <permitted value 82.0

Phung Chau Commune 1.20 0.10 < permitted value 62.0 Xuan Mai Town 14.0 0.20 < permitted value 102.0 VN Standards* hourly average

0.30 0.35 0.20

day, peak hrs 70.0

Source: Report on State of Environment of Ha Tay Province, May 2005, DONRE TCVN 5937 – 2005


4.7 Ecological Resources and Sites of Archaeological Significance

4.7.1 Protected areas, endangered species, forests and ecosystems

Protected areas, endangered species At or near the Project Area in Chuong My District there are no officially recognised nature reserves or protected areas with wildlife. A forest area has been proposed as such, Huong Son Forest and Cultural Site (4355 ha), but its status has not yet been approved by the Government. There are no endangered species at or near the New Campus area. Forests and ecosystems The area with forests in Chuong My District (data 2008) covers 303.84 ha, comprising 1.31% of the total area in Vietnam. In the Project area only Chuc Son Town has forest, covering 0.52% of its area. Phung Chau and Tien Phuong communes have no forests. Agriculture is the main activity, covering about 60% of the area. The terrestrial ecosystem of Chuong My District includes a mountain/hill forest ecosystem and a wet rice ecosystem in the plains. The aquatic ecosystem of Chuong My District is limited and restricted to the Day and Bui River ecosystems. There are three reservoirs for irrigation: Dong Xuong, Van Son, and Ho Mieu reservoirs. 4.7.2 Flora

There are no data available about the common plants and trees in the Project Area. In the agricultural system the main crops are: rice, maize, sweet potato, cassava, and peanuts. Also about the aquatic flora there are no data available. Through field visits it is evident that water hyacinth is dominant in canals in small rivers. 4.7.3 Fauna

The main activity in the Project Area is agriculture; the fauna is dominated by poultry and livestock, such as chicken, duck, goose, buffalo, cow and pig (Table 4-5). Table 4-5 Numbers of livestock and poultry in Chuong My District, 2008

District/Town/Commune Livestock Poultry buffalo cow pig

Chuong My District 1596 20786 118,859 2,219,725 Chuc Son Town 3 610 2500 - Phung Chau Commune 50 550 5210 - Tien Phuong Commune 13 458 5590 -

4.7.4 Fisheries

The total water area that could serve for aquaculture in Chuong My District is estimated at 1100 ha (2005). To exploit this potential, the District has started to develop aquaculture for traditional species such as Carps. Besides, the Province is investing in seed production for Tilapia, White Pomfret and Carps, to develop aquaculture in hill areas, lower areas and rivers.


4.7.5 Sites of Archaeological Significance

The Project Area is situated near the heritage sites of the Tram and Tram Gian Pagodas (Figure 4-2). The Tram Pagoda is a place of historical and cultural interest, located in Phung Chau commune, about 1 km from the Project site. The Tram Gian Pagoda is a national heritage site of interest for Vietnamese and foreign tourists. The pagoda is situated on a hill in Tien Lu village, Tien Phuong commune. The pagoda is believed to have been built in 1185, during the reign of King Ly Cao Tong (1176-1210), though it has undergone significant changes since that time. The main temple dates from the Trần Era (14th century) and was rebuilt in the 17th century. Nearby is a two-storey bell tower with elegantly corner-curved roofs, supporting columns and panels carved with intricate designs and a 1.4 metre tall bronze bell, cast in 1794. Due to the fact that the Project site is near the Tram and Tram Gian heritage sites, the design of the New Campus should include the creation of a buffer zone between these sites and the Campus to protect the existing landscape around the pagodas and the pagodas themselves. Huong Son Cultural and Historical site is situated 60 km South of Hanoi, in My Duc District (Ha Tay Province) and is located more than 20 km from the proposed Project site. This cultural and historical site is centred on Chua Huong Tich, the Perfume Pagoda. The landscape of this cultural and historical site is dominated by Huong Tich Mountain, a limestone carstic outcrop, which reaches a height of 381 m. To the North and East, the site is bordered by the low coastal plain of the Red River Delta.

Figure 4-2 The Tram Gian Pagoda in Tien Phuong Commune (left) and the Tram Pagoda in Phung Chau Commune (right). 4.8 Human and economic development

4.8.1 Population

The population of the town of Chuc Son and the communes Phung Chau and Tien Phuong is about 13% of Chuong My District and totals 290,449. When differentiated by gender, the female population is higher than the male population (ref.13). The available population data are presented in Table 4-6.


Table 4-6 Population Chuong My District and the communes/town

District/Town/ Commune

Population

Area (km2)

Density (persons/

km2)

Urban

Rural

total male female Chuong My District 290,449 140,727 149,722 232.26 1250 36,150 254,29

9 Total of Chuc Son, Phung Chau, Tien Phuong

37,777 19.09 1979

Chuc Son Town 11,624 5646 5978 4.87 2387 11,624 0 Phung Chau Com. 12,495 6056 6439 6.86 1821 0 12,495 Tien Phuong Com. 13,658 - - 7.36 1856 0 13,658

The Master Plan on Socio-Economic Development of Chuong My District (up to 2010 and orienting to 2020, ref.11) has projected a population growth in Chuong My District of 1.0 % to 2010, 0.9% to 2015, and 0.8% to 2020. For Chuc Son town and Tien Phuong and Phung Chau Communes the population growth Figures are not available. There are no ethnic minority groups in Chuong My District and in the Project area. 4.8.2 Economic development

For the period 2000-2004, the economy of Chuong My District grew at an average annual rate of 11.03%. In this period, the industry sector made the highest contribution, averaging 44.2% annually. The agricultural sector was second with 33.3% and the service sector contributed with 22.5%. For the period 2002-2008, the economy of Chuc Son town grew at an average annual rate of 10 %. According to the Master Plan on expansion of Chuc Son Town for the period 2003-2020 (ref.12), the major economic contribution to the town (till 2010) will be in the trade and service sector, with an estimated contribution of 40% in industry, 35% in small scale industry, and 25% in agriculture. The economic growth rates of Tien Phuong and Phung Chau communes are not available. The main sector contributing to the economy in these communes is agriculture; other sectors are village handicraft activities and other services, which will contribute little. 4.8.3 Income, employment and poverty Incidence

The per capita monthly income in the three communes and town averages between 400,000 and 700,000 VND, Tien Phuong having the lowest and Chuc Son the highest income. In the Project Area, in Phung Chau and Tien Phuong communes, most of the households earn their living from agricultural production. In Chuc Son Town, most of the income is generated in services and businesses. Also a number of people work at Government agencies and enterprises. Unemployment data of the separate communes and town are not available. The number of people in the working age in 2008 in Chuong My District was 159,549, of which the number of employed persons was 125,033 and the number of registered unemployed persons 4715 (ref.13). Using the new standard, set by MOLISA in 2008, Chuong My District has a poverty incidence of 16.3%. Phung Chau and Tien Phuong communes have a poverty incidence of respectively 17.7% and 16.4%. Chuc Son town has a low poverty incidence, namely 6.8%.


4.8.4 Land use

The total area of Chuong My District (2008) was 23,226.51 ha, of which agricultural land took up 14,232.42 ha, including land for yearly crops, such as paddy, milpa, and others. The remaining land is used for irrigation, urban and rural residences, public facilities, transportation, historical and cultural sites, defence and security, mineral exploitation, and cemeteries. Most of land in the three communes and town is used for agriculture, namely 62.4%. See Table 4-7 for more data on land use in Chuong My District and the Project Area. Table 4-7 Status of land use in Chuong My District and in the Project Area in 2008

District/Commune/ Town

Total physical area (ha)

Agricultural land (ha) Unused

land (ha)

Remaining land

total yearly crops

forest data not available

Chuong My District 23,226.51 14,329.42 11,036.91 303.84 1,127.57 Project Area Chuc Son Town 487.09 287.44 251.79 2.51 1.97 Phung Chau Commune

686.33 415.29 373.17 none 4.14

Tien Phuong Commune

736.00 488.90 425.32 none

4.8.5 Education and health

Owing to a policy of compulsory primary level education and the presence of competent teachers and sufficient numbers of schools, the literacy rate in all three communes and town is high, about 98-99%. According to the results of the Project Preparation Team’s (PPT) social survey, the education levels of the three communes and town are: 18-19% only primary level, 30-31% secondary level, 28-31% high level, and 20-22% above high level. In Chuong My District (2008) there are: 1 District Hospital with 180 beds, 2 general clinics with 20 beds each, and 32 commune medical stations with 160 beds. The total medical staff in Chuong My District is 387, of which 78 are doctors. Data on the health situation were collected in Chuc Son Town and Tien Phuong and Phung Chau communes during PPT’s social survey (see Tables 4-8. and 4-9). The total number of surveyed households (hhs) were:

• Chuc Son Town: 59; • Phung Chau Commune: 47; • Tien Phuong Commune: 196.

The number of households having medical insurance were:

• Chuc Son Town: 28 (47%); • Phung Chau Commune: 24 (51%); • Tien Phuong Commune: 59 (30%).


Table 4-8 List of diseases suffered in households, 2008-2009

Town/ Commune

Cold Flu/Influenza Respiratory Petechial fever

Malaria

Chuc Son 59 (100%) 42 (71%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1 (2%)

Phung Chau 41 (87%)

45 (96%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

Tien Phuong 156 (80%)

21 (11%)

10 (5%)

26 (13%)

4 (2%)

Table 4-9 List of diseases suffered in households, 2008-2009

Town/ Commune

Dysentery Hepatitis Digestive Other

Chuc Son 0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1 (2%)

3 (5%)

Phung Chau 0 (0%)

1 (2%)

0 (0%)

1 (2%)

Tien Phuong 1 (1%)

0 (0%)

3 (2%)

19 (10%)

Other diseases that occur are mainly arthalgia/ arthritis, and sciatic nerve disease. 4.8.6 Access to water supply

In Chuong My District about 65-68% of the households have access to clean water from various water sources, but mainly from small scale water supply centres. Only a small percentage of the households have access to piped water supply systems. In Chuc Son town there is only one central water supply system, serving 157 households (Master Plan on Expansion of Chuc Son Town - period 2003-2020, 2003; ref.12). Most of the households use drilled or dug wells. About 60% of the household use groundwater from a shallow aquifer and 40% abstract water from an aquifer at a depth of 30 – 40 m below ground level. In Tien Phuong and Phung Chau communes also most of the households use drilled or dug wells with acceptable to good water quality 4.8.7 Sanitation and solid waste management

During the rainy season ponds and lakes are used for temporary storage of rain and wastewater. Encroachment of houses of local residents at ponds and lakes decreases the water drainage capacity for whole of the Chuong My District and also for the Project Area, increasing water logging and water pollution. Domestic wastewaters and wastewater from industries, like food processing and handicraft facilities, are discharged directly - without treatment - to ponds, lakes and irrigation/drainage canals, contaminating local surface waters. No data could be obtained for Tien Phuong, Phung Chau and Chuc Son town on the number of households that have improved latrines or septic tanks. In Chuc Son town, about 25% of the households have their garbage collected, while the remainder burn, bury or indiscriminately dispose of their generated garbage. About 15-20% of the households


in Tien Phuong and 16-22% of the households in Phung Chau have access to solid waste collection services. The rest of the households dispose of their solid wastes either by burning, burying or dumping it on any available land. 4.8.8 Drainage and Flood control

Chuong My District Drainage and flood control works of Chuong My District include drainage canals and dike systems. Drainage canal system:

• Total length of class 2 drainage canals: 43.5 km. • Total length of class 3 drainage canals: 66.6 km. • (class 1: water is drained into river or stream; class 2: water is drained into a class 1 canal;

class 3: water is drained into a class 2 canal). • Flood control system: • Length of right side dyke of Tich river :5 km. • Length of Day River dyke: 38.9 km. • Length of Bui River dyke: 37.6 km.

Project Area There is no rainwater and wastewater drainage system in the Project Area. Both rainwater and wastewater is drained by gravity into the existing ditches, canals and rice fields. The Project Area is divided into two drainage zones. During the rainy season, if heavy rain falls of about 300 mm, flooding and water logging frequently occur in Ha Duc village near the Project Area.


5 SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

5.1 Introduction

Activities and processes, related to construction projects, may result in significant negative impacts to the environment. Potential adverse environmental impacts have been identified and screened (ref.1-5), which might originate from the proposed Project to build a New Campus for the WRU. These potential adverse environmental impacts are presented in Tables 4-1, 4-2, and 4-3. In these Tables the impacts have been differentiated in two main categories: impacts on the physical-biological environment and impacts on the socio-economic environment. Only potential realistic impacts are presented. The presented environmental impacts in the tables do not suggest that all listed impacts will actually occur; merely they show which environmental impacts may be expected from the proposed activity. The presented results are also based on visual inspection of the Project Area by the environmental specialists of the Study Team. When discussing the impact on the environment, not only the physical and biological environment is meant, but also the social environment. Impacts on the social environment, which are an important issue in any development project, imply adverse effects on social structures and persons. Categorizations of impacts on the social environment, related to urban development projects, are: Necessity of resettlement: When persons have to leave their homes for the realisation of a project, they should be compensated for the loss of their land, house and other properties. Also they should be assisted (socially and financially) to find other accommodation (and work, if applicable), to be able to live at least at the same standard as before. Health hazards: Health hazards have social implications. Health risks can result for example from air pollution, collisions, uncontrolled storage of waste, leakage of hazardous spills, and noise. Impairment of historical/cultural sites, monuments, and aesthetics: Impacts on the social environment comprise also: damage to areas worthwhile for their natural beauty and damage to specific historical areas, beloved monuments or graveyards. If such areas/monuments have to be used for a project, careful weighing of interests should be executed, and alternative solutions should be investigated. If it is decided to sacrifice an area (or monument) totally or partly, one should try to offer compensation for what is lost, or take as many mitigation measures as possible. Nuisance: Nuisance, for example caused by noise, air pollution, bad smells of spoils, and dust also has an adverse impact on the social environment. Following ADB’s Environmental Guidelines for Selected Infrastructure Projects (ref.3), screening of potential environmental impacts has been carried out for the Sitting, Design, Construction and Operation Phases. 5.2 Environmental Criteria

It is essential, as part of the Feasibility Study, to carry out an Initial Environmental Examination of the New Campus Project to obtain insight in possible adverse environmental impacts arising from the Project and to ensure sustainability. Environmental Screening will show the negative as well as


the positive environmental impacts to be expected from the proposed Project. Environmental impacts may be permanent or temporary; may occur during the Pre-Construction/Design Phase, the Construction Phase and the Operation & Maintenance Phase of a project, and may be a direct result of construction activities, or an indirect result. Criteria which should be applied to judge the significance of environmental impacts are related to the characteristics of a project (project size), the location/environmental sensitivity of the project area, and the characteristics of identified potential impacts. Additionally, the following aspects should be taken into account in the process: number of other environmental components affected and the cumulative nature of the impact. Environmental criteria for the proposed construction Project relate to processes and activities that may affect the physical/biological environment as well as the social and cultural environment. The criteria to judge the significance of environmental impacts are well described in the Vietnamese and ADB regulations and guidelines (ref1-5). The overall environmental appropriateness of the proposed New Campus for the WRU could be indicated by answering the following questions:

• Will the project make unwarranted accelerated use of scarce resources in favour of short-term over long-term economic gains?

• Will the project create unwarranted losses in precious/irreplaceable natural or other sources?

• Will the project significantly affect people’s health negatively?

• Will the project result in unwarranted hazards to endangered species?

• Will the project have an unreasonable impact on the livelihoods and subsistence of the people concerned?

• Will the project tend to intensify urban migration from rural areas to an undesirable degree?

5.3 Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Pre-

Construction Phase (Project Location and Design)

From the proposed site for WRU’s New Campus in Chuc Son town and Tien Phuong & Phung Chau communes, only slight and moderate adverse environmental impacts are expected. These adverse impacts can be mitigated or resolved, partly by proper design and operation & maintenance of the Project. A separate report is prepared on resettlement issues by the Project Team. Salient among the environmental concerns are:

• Compensation for acquiring the 57.3 ha needed for the New Campus in Chuc Son town and Tien Phuong & Phung Chau communes, adversely affect 236 households in Chuc Son, 611 in Tien Phuong, and 158 in Phung Chau, totalling 1005 households.

• Resettlement requirements for 65 households, most of them in Chuc Son town. During the design phase proper designs should be prepared for components that might generate significant environmental impacts if not properly carried out. These components are (Table 4-1): Wastewater treatment & sewers and rainwater drainage:

• The New Campus should be provided with a wastewater treatment plant, according to recent Vietnamese regulations.


• Inadequate design of the wastewater system for the Campus could result in flooding of parts of the campus and its surroundings with raw sewage.

• Inadequate design of the rainwater drainage system could result in inundation of parts of the campus and its surroundings.

• A disposal facility for sludge from the wastewater treatment facility has to be incorporated in the design.

Domestic water supply:

• If groundwater is to be utilised, then a proper hydro-geological study should be carried out to verify whether sufficient volumes of groundwater can be abstracted, to verify the quality of the groundwater and to estimate proper and efficient depths of abstraction.

• Over pumping of groundwater, leading to possible ground subsidence, should be avoided. • Over pumping of groundwater, causing unacceptable drawdown in other sources should be

avoided. • Sufficient buffer zones should be provided between pumping stations/treatment facilities

and student dormitories, housing for staff, class rooms and other service areas, to avoid nuisance.

Road network on Campus:

• Inadequate road design and drainage might cause inundations and unsafely transportation.

Potential adverse impacts that could arise from Project Location and Design can be avoided or mitigated if these are sufficiently considered in the overall design of the New Campus. A Resettlement Plan will have to be prepared with proper consultation and participation of the affected households. Full compensation and resettlement should be completed prior to land acquisition. The potential adverse environmental impacts and the proposed mitigation measures related to the Project Location and Design of the Project are presented in Table 5-1. In Table 5-1 the following abbreviations are used:

N: not applicable, no significant effect; S: small/slight effect; M: moderate effect; L: large effect.

Strengthening Water Management and Irrigation System Rehabilitation 9T9714.21/R04/MVK/VN PPTA No.7107-VIE / Final Report – Annex M 23 December 2009

Table 5-1 Potential Adverse Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Pre-Construction Phase (Project Location and Design)

PROJECT ACTIVITIES

POTENTIAL ADVERSE IMPACTS Socio-econ. and physical/biological

aspects

REMARKS MAGN. OF

IMPACT

PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES Preparation and execution of Environmental

Management and Monitoring Plans Site selection and Design Surveys and site investigations Land acquisition

Loss of agricultural land, change of land use; loss of jobs.

Loss of 57.3 ha of agricultural land. M Compensation, re-employment.

Loss of houses and property. 1005 households affected. M Compensation. Impact on affected persons / households.

1005 households affected. M Compensation.

Resettlement. 65 households to be resettled. M Compensation, assistance in finding other homes; Resettlement Plan (RP) to be prepared.

Changing land use purpose from agriculture cultivation to urban

Reduce local rice production about 378 tons yearly. This amount is small compared with total rice production (0.5%), there is no impacts to rice price.

S This is suitable with region land use planning.

Nature reserve affected; proximity to nature reserve, sensitive areas.

No nature reserve at or nearby the New Campus site.

N

Proximity to human settlements. Human settlement about 1 km from site. S Provide sufficient buffer zone.

Traffic congestion during construction, disturbance on public utilities, public inconveniences, damage to existing roads.

Transportation of materials during construction can damage existing roads and disrupt local traffic.

M Preparation of a Transport Management Plan (TMP).

Proximity to ethnic minority communities.

Not present. N

Loss of aesthetics. Buildings instead of paddy fields. M Planting, landscaping. Effect on historical / cultural monuments, grave yards.

Tram Pagoda approximately I km from site; grave yards not affected.

S Proper design of Campus so that Pagoda is least affected; provide adequate buffer zone.

Downstream pollution; flooding; nuisance / odour from wastewater treatment plant (WTP).

The construction could prevent raining water penetrated and drained Pollution possible if sewage systems fail.

S Appropriate design and O&M of WTP, sewer system and drains; sustaining the quality of receiving waters must be considered in design & O&M; sufficient buffer around waste water treatment plant.


PROJECT ACTIVITIES

POTENTIAL ADVERSE IMPACTS Socio-econ. and physical/biological

aspects

REMARKS MAGN. OF

IMPACT

PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES Preparation and execution of Environmental

Management and Monitoring Plans Water supply rights / water use conflicts. Water abstraction for the New Campus

disrupts the water supply of local residents. S Appropriate planning and design for sufficient water

supply for New Campus; proper O&M Vulnerability to erosion / landslide. Projects area is flat and remote from

mountains. N

Risk for earthquakes. Small risk. S Structures should be designed to withstand the expected level of earthquakes


5.4 Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Construction Phase

Potential adverse environmental impacts that could result from activities during the Construction Phase are briefly discussed below and further presented in Table 5-2. Air quality/dust and noise: There could be an increase in dust, air pollution and noise from transportation of levelling and construction materials along road No 6 to the project site, ground levelling, clearing, grubbing and excavation activities and movements of construction equipment. Emissions and noise from operation of construction equipment might have a considerable impact in urban centres and densely populated areas, however the population in the Project area is not dense and dust, air pollution and noise can be controlled and mitigated. Water resources and quality: Water requirements during construction may have to be met using groundwater resources. Extraction of groundwater might have an impact on groundwater sources in the vicinity. Monitoring should be carried out during the Construction Phase to be able to take action if such an effect is taking place and to mitigate this impact. Hydrogeological data should be used, gathered in the Design Phase for the drinking water supply for the New Campus. Flooding and spills: Flooding and spills could be caused by inadequate management of building materials, removed topsoil, stockpiles and construction debris. Proper management can avoid these impacts and once happening mitigation measures should be taken. Deposits of construction wastes into nearby water bodies might have a detrimental effect to aquatic flora and fauna. Potential impacts on the socio-economic environment: noise from construction activities, traffic jams caused by transportation of construction materials, accidents caused by trucks on the busy National Road No 6 and the road leading to Tram Pagoda (used intensively by tourists). Positive impacts: Temporary positive impacts include short-term employment of local population in construction activities and increased earnings in services in the vicinity of the construction site. A permanent positive impact could be increased employment for local residents in the operational services for the New Campus. In Table 5-2 the following abbreviations are used:

N: not applicable, no significant effect; S: small/slight effect; M: moderate effect; L: large effect.


Table 5-2 Potential Adverse Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Construction Phase (3 years)

PROJECT ACTIVITIES

POTENTIAL ADVERSE IMPACTS Socio-economic and physical/biological aspects

MAGN. OF

IMPACT

PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES

Base camp establishment and operation Land clearance Earthworks/excavations Haulage of fill and construction materials Borrow pit for land filling Shaping, finishing Road construction Foundation levelling works; erection of beams, casting of floor slabs, construction activities Drainage structures Construction of WTP

Generation of solid waste and hazardous waste

M Temporary

Proper disposal of solid and hazardous waste. Strict enforcement of (environmental) laws and regulations. .

Disposal of waste, waste spills (oil), spoils. Downstream pollution. Air pollution , odours Noise, vibrations Land use conflicts, Soil erosion

M Temporary

Strict enforcement of (environmental) laws and regulations.

Regular watering of exposed areas Removing soil/ sand/ mud tires of vehicles leaving the

sites Covering of hauling trucks, e.g. with canvass Sufficiently high temporary fence around construction site of

New Campus that are in close proximity to residences Borrow pit site must be in land use planning of

District/Province Earth exploitation must be complied strictly by

environmental/safe regulations Provide adequate drainage system in structure sites & in

relevant access roads Signages especially along major hauling routes &

access roads

Traffic congestion, disturbance on public utilities, public inconveniences. Damage to existing roads.

M Temporary

Execution of the Transport Management Plan. Strict enforcement of traffic rules & regulations Installation of traffic aides in critical routes

Interruption of water flows, flooding

M Temporary

Setting proper temporary pond and drainage ditches

Vulnerability to erosion and siltation

S Temporary

Stockpiling of spoil in flat areas & far from drainage routes


PROJECT ACTIVITIES


MAGN. OF

IMPACT


Water supply rights / water use conflicts

S Temporary

Appropriate planning and design for sufficient water supply during construction.

Safety risks for workers, health hazards

M Temporary

Carry out safety precautions and health program. Provide safety clothes & helmet for workers

Impairment of aesthetics. Loss/disturbance of flora and fauna. Effect on graveyards and cultural/ historical sites.

S Planting of trees, landscaping. .


5.5 Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Operation & Maintenance Phase

Adverse and potential adverse impacts during Operation of the New Campus are discussed below and presented in Table 5-3. Air quality: There will be an increase in air pollution, due to increasing numbers of cars and motorcycles of students and staff travelling on the roads near the New Campus. It is estimated about 1300 motorcycles of students (10% of 13400 student ) and 325 car ( according to FS –WRU) increased Water quality: A potential risk is caused by overflow of wastewater and sludge from the New Campus’ Water Treatment Plant (WTP) into surface waters (affecting aquatic flora and fauna), if the WTP is not properly managed. Similarly, there is a potential impact from overflow of drainage water from the Campus if the drainage system would not be able to cope with high water volumes during the rainy season. Positive impacts: The New Campus will bring socio-economic benefits in providing a modern education environment and research facilities for the WRU, serving the tasks of the Government of Vietnam for modernisation and industrial development. Furthermore, there will be opportunities for employment in services on the New Campus. In Table 5-3 the following abbreviations are used:

N: not applicable, no significant effect; S: small/slight effect; M: moderate effect; L: large effect


Table 5-3 Potential Adverse Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Operation & Maintenance Phase

PROJECT ACTIVITIES


MAGN. OF

IMPACT


Operation and Maintenance of the New Campus Area of the Water Resources University

Increased traffic (congestion) from traffic related to the New Campus

M Strict enforcement of laws and regulations. .Installation of traffic aides in critical routes

Increased air pollution and noise from traffic related to the New Campus

M Strict enforcement of environmental laws and regulations. Noise and engine control.

Increased risk of accidents, risk of fire.

M Safety precautions. Strict enforcement of laws and regulations.

Fire prevention regulations. Increased generation and disposal of waste

M Proper operation, maintenance and repairs of waste disposal system. Strict enforcement of environmental laws and regulations.

Proper Environmental Management and Monitoring. Increased generation of waste waters and collection of rain water

M Proper operation, maintenance and repairs of waste water treatment, sewage and drainage systems. Strict enforcement of (environmental) laws and regulations.

Proper Environmental Management and Monitoring. Increased production of drinking water, related to water supply rights and potential water use conflicts

M Proper operation , maintenance and repairs of water supply system. Strict enforcement of (environmental) laws and regulations.

Affect to community life due to a large number of students and lectures & staff living in the area

S Conform community customs & culture Take part in cultural exchanges, sporting events between

students and local young peoples Long term impact on aesthetics/modification of landscape

S Proper maintenance of landscaping, trees, plantations. .

Increase of land prices S -


6 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING

6.1 Institutional requirements and Environmental Management & Monitoring

The Central Project Office (CPO, MARD) will be the executing agency of the WRU Campus Project. A Project Management Unit (PMU) will be established to manage and monitor all day-today implementation activities of the Project. The PMU will include representatives from the: Water Resources University (WRU); The supervision and monitoring of Project-related resettlement and environmental activities during the pre-construction, construction and operation phases are some of the functions of the PMU. In line with this, it is proposed that an Environmental Management Unit (EMU) be set up within the PMU, responsible for supervision on environmental management and for environmental monitoring. The major responsibilities of the EMU will be to ensure that:

• The mitigation measures and monitoring of these activities are being carried out as agreed. • The environmental monitoring program, comprising of taking samples and analyses are

being carried out. • Reporting is performed in compliance with ADB and GOV requirements.

The EMU shall be headed by qualified staff that is assigned full time to the PMU. At least one full-time technical expert and one full-time administrative staff member shall be assigned to the EMU. The PMU will engage part time a local Environmental Consultant to provide for the EMU technical assistance in environmental management and monitoring. If Project Implementation Assistance (PIA) consultants are employed during implementation of the Project, then the PIA Team’s Environmental Specialists will pass on expert advice and guidance and conduct capacity building on environmental management and monitoring. To ensure that the ADB environmental requirements and all applicable GoV environmental laws, regulations and standards, are met prior to the start of construction and during construction and operation of the Project, an elaborate Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan should be prepared at the Detailed Design stage based on the concise Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan presented in current IEE. Environmental monitoring during long term operation of the New Campus is largely the responsibility of the WRU. The Terms of Reference for the detailed engineering design and the bid documents should specify the preparation of a specific Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan for the Project, which shall be presented for comments to the stakeholders. 6.2 Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan

6.2.1 Environmental Management

For the stage of IEE, Tables 6-1, 6-2 and 6-3 present a concise Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMP) for the construction of the New Campus of the WRU. However, at the stage of Detailed Design a detailed EMP shall be prepared for environmental management – including all required mitigation measures – and monitoring during the different stages of the Project. The costs for these environmental management and monitoring activities shall also be calculated at this stage and be incorporated in the various contracts.


Responsible for Environmental Monitoring during project implementation are the main contractor, the sub-contractors, the EMU/PMU, and the communities. The EMP will be the guiding document for environmental management and monitoring during the Project. It will guide the EMU/PMU in determining whether the recommended mitigation measures prior to construction, and during construction and operation, are being implemented effectively. Environmental monitoring results shall be documented and reviewed to ensure that signs of adverse impacts are detected at an early stage and that actions for mitigation are taken. Monitoring results will have to be reported monthly by the EMU and be submitted to the head of the PMU, who will in turn submit them to DONRE for approval by the CPO. The Central Project Office will submit the EMP to the ADB. The format for the monthly and annual Environmental Monitoring Reports will be developed during the Detailed Design Phase and may have to be refined during implementation of the Project. 6.2.2 Costs for Environmental Monitoring of resettlement, water quality, air quality and

noise

For the costs during the Pre-Construction/Design Phase for implementation and monitoring of the Resettlement Plan (RP) – based on the implementation schedule of the RP – is referred to Resettlement Report. Environmental Monitoring, to be carried out by the PMU/EMU, of surface water and groundwater quality, air quality (TSP) and noise, during the Pre-Construction, Construction and Operation Phases adds up to a total amount of USD 146,454 (VDN 2617865250). Appendix 1 provides the environmental monitoring activities and costs during the various project phases of the Project.


Table 6-1 Environmental Management and Environmental Monitoring: Pre-Construction Phase

Environmental Impacts Environmental Management Environmental Monitoring Socio-economic and

physical/biological aspects Mitigation Measures

Responsibility Activities Responsibility Costs

Surface water qual., groundwater qual., air quality, noise.

PMU, baseline data Monitoring, handling, analysis: 2574 USD.

Loss of agricultural land, change of land use; loss of jobs.

Compensation, re-employment.

PMU and Resettlement Committees (RCs).

Monitoring of implementation of RP, based on implementation schedule of RP. Review of submitted PMU and RC Progress Reports.

PMU. EMA (independent external monitoring agency). Chuong My DPC.

For resettlement costs see Resettlement Report.

Loss of houses and property. Compensation. Impact on affected persons/ households.

Compensation.

Resettlement. Compensation, assistance in finding other homes. Resettlement Plan (RP) to be prepared.

Proximity to human settlements.

Provide sufficient buffer zone in design. Consultants doing the design.

Monitoring of Technical Design.

PMU. Included in cost of Technical Design

Traffic congestion during construction, public inconveniences; damage to existing roads.

Preparation of a Transport Management Plan (TMP).

Consultants doing the design.

Monitoring of implementation of TMP.

Hanoi Department of Construction.

Included in cost of Technical Design

Loss of aesthetics. Planting, landscaping. Consultants doing the design.

Monitoring of Technical Design


Included in cost of Technical Design

Effect on historical / cultural monuments, grave yards.

Proper design of Campus so that Pagoda is least affected; provide adequate buffer zone.




Included in cost of Technical Design.

Downstream pollution; flooding; nuisance / odour from waste water treatment plant (WTP).

Appropriate design and O&M of WTP, sewer system and drains; sustaining the quality of receiving waters must be considered in design & O&M; sufficient buffer around WTP.





Water supply rights / water use conflicts. Increased production of water supply.

Appropriate planning and design for sufficient water supply for New Campus; proper O&M.



Hanoi Department of Construction & Institute of Urban Planning.


Risk for earthquakes. Structures to be designed to withstand expected level of earthquakes.






Table 6-2 Environmental Management and Environmental Monitoring: Construction Phase (3 years)




Generation of solid waste and hazardous waste.

Proper disposal of solid and hazardous waste. Strict enforcement of laws and regulations. Proper Environmental Management & Monitoring.

Contractor

Periodic & unannounced inspections.

Contractor, PMU, communities.

Incorporated in recommended contract provisions.

Disposal of waste, waste spills (oil), spoils. Downstream pollution (surface water, ground water). Air pollution (TSP), odours. Noise, vibrations.

Strict enforcement of (environmental) laws and regulations, regular watering of exposed areas, removing soil/ sand/ mud tires of vehicles leaving the sites, covering of hauling trucks, e.g. with canvass, sufficiently high temporary fence around, construction site of New Campus that are in close proximity to residences

Contractor

Periodic & unannounced inspections of waste, water quality monitoring (surface and groundwater, quarterly, more frequent when complaints arise), air pollution (TSP) and noise.

Contractor, PMU, communities; also sub-contractors have responsibility for environmental monitoring.

Monitoring, handling, analysis: 112992 USD (3 yrs). Incorporated in recommended contract provisions.

Land filling & levelling- Land use conflicts, soil erosion, air pollution

Borrow pit site must be in land use planning of District/Province; Earth exploitation must be complied strictly by nvironmental/safe regulations;Provide adequate drainage system in structure sites & in relevant access roads; signages especially along major hauling routes & access roads

Contactor Periodic & unannounced inspections



Traffic congestion, disturbance on public utilities, public inconveniences, damage to existing roads.

Execution of the Transport Management Plan., strict enforcement of traffic rules & regulations, installation of traffic aides in critical routes

Contractor

Periodic & unannounced inspections. Review of minutes of meetings between contractor & town/ward/ commune and water, power, drainage authorities.

Contractor, PMU, communities (every meeting)



Interruption of water flows, flooding.

Setting proper temporary pond and drainage ditches

Contractor

Periodic & unannounced inspections of construction actiitv.



Vulnerability to erosion and siltation.

Stockpiling of spoil in flat areas & far from drainage routes

Contractor

Periodic & unannounced inspections of construction activities.



Water supply rights / water use conflicts. Increased production of water supply.

Appropriate planning and design for sufficient water supply during construction. Env Man. & Monitoring.

Contractor




Safety risks for workers, health hazards.

Carry out safety precautions. Efficient emergency / contingency plans; adequate facilities & equipment; trained staff to handle emergencies.

Contractor


Contractor, PMU, Communities.


Impairment of aesthetics. Loss/ disturbance of flora and fauna. Effect on graveyards and cultural/ historical sites.

Planting of trees, landscaping.

Contractor





Table 6-3 Environmental Management and Environmental Monitoring: Operation & Maintenance Phase



Respon- sibility

Activities Respon- sibility

Costs

Surface water, groundwater and air quality; noise.

PMU Monitoring, handling, analysis: 30888 USD (2 yrs).

Increased traffic (congestion) from traffic related to the New Campus.

Strict enforcement of laws and regulations. Provision of notice and adequate use of signs and signals.

Operator/ WRU.

Periodic & unannounced inspection of traffic situation.

Hanoi Department of Transportation

Annual administrative cost of Hanoi Department of Transp.

Increased air pollution and noise from traffic related to the New Campus.

Noise and engine control.,Strict enforcement of environmental laws and regulations.

Operator/ WRU.

Periodic & unannounced inspection of air pollution and noise.

Hanoi Department of Transportation. Hanoi DONRE.

Annual administrative cost of Hanoi Department of Transportation.

Increased risk of accidents and fire.

Safety precautions and fire prevention. Strict enforcement of laws and regulations.

Operator/ WRU.

Periodic & unannounced inspection of precautions and enforcement of regulations.

Hanoi Department of Transportation and WRU.

Annual administrative cost of Hanoi Department of Transportation/WRU.

Increased generation and disposal of waste.

Proper operation, maintenance and repairs of waste disposal system. Strict enforcement of environmental laws and regulations..

Operator/ WRU.Chuong My URENCO.

UPWC.

Periodic & unannounced inspection of waste disposal.

Environmental Division of Chuong My District. DONRE.

Annual administrative cost of Chuong My Environmental Division and Hanoi DONRE.

Increased generation of waste waters and collection of rain water.

Proper operation and maintenance of waste water treatment, sewage and drainage systems. Strict enforcement of (environmental) laws and regulations.

Operator/ WRU.Chuong My. UPWC.

Periodic & unannounced sampling and inspection of WW effluence, drainage, especially after heavy storms.

Environmental Division of Chuong My District. DONRE.

Annual administrative cost of Chuong My Environmental Division and Hanoi DONRE.

Increased production of domestic water supply, related to water supply rights and potential water use conflicts.

Proper operation , maintenance and repairs of water supply system. Strict enforcement of (environmental) laws and regulations.

Operator/ WRU.

Periodic & unannounced inspections of water supply system.


Annual administrative costs of Hanoi Department of Construction.

Long term impact on aesthetics/ modification of landscape.

Proper maintenance of landscaping, trees, plantations. Operator/ WRU.

Periodic & unannounced inspection of landscape modification.

Hanoi Department of Transportation & Public Works

Annual administrative cost of Hanoi Dptm of Transportation & Public Works.

Increase of land prices. - - - - -


7 PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

The ADB and the GoV require that the community is consulted concerning the perceived and observed environmental issues regarding the Project at an early stage of the Project and throughout project implementation. 7.1 Consultation and Participation Process

The consultation and participation process during the Project preparation stage included the following activities: • Reconnaissance surveys of the Project site at Chuc Son town and Tien Phuong and Phung

Chau communes (Chuong My District) were organised in June and July 2009. The surveys were carried out by a composite group of social-environmental consultants of the Project Preparation Team (PPT) and representatives of the communes and town. On-site discussions with district, town and commune officials provided the PPT with information on the physical/biological as well as the social-economic environment and the PPT were informed on the opportunities and constraints of the proposed New Campus Project.

• A socio-economic survey (SES) was conducted in June and July 2009, to establish the socio-economic profiles of the town and the communes bordering the Project Site. The survey, carried out at township and commune level, included the use of indicators like population, income and poverty levels, health, education, residential status, as well as access to water supply and sanitation facilities. In terms of participatory-based consultations with stakeholder groups, there was considerable information sharing with a range of public sector officials and there were informal consultations with a range of local community members, including groups belonging to the poor and the vulnerable.

• A participatory meeting was held in Chuong My DPC on June 3rd 2009. Participants of the meeting were: representatives from the PMU, WRU, Chuong My DPC, Chuong My Environmental Management Division, Chuc Son Town, Tien Phuong and Phung Chau Communes, and the Women’s Union at district, town, and commune level.

The objectives of the meeting were:

- To present the New Campus Project with its designs and location; - To inform and learn about the social and environmental issues and concerns related

to the Project; - To collect data on the Chuong My District and Chuc Son Town Social – Economic

Development Plan to 2020 and the Chuong My District Statistical Book 2008.

Stakeholders were consulted about the existing environmental condition and were informed about the serious water logging and flooding problems in the Project Area during the rainy season, as well as the water pollution concerns from both domestic and agricultural sources.

7.2 Consultation Meetings

The first Public Consultation Meeting was held in Chuong My DPC on June 17th 2009. Participants were representatives from the PMU, WRU, Chuong My DPC, Chuong My Environmental Management Division, Chuc Son Town, Tien Phuong and Phung Chau Communes, the Women’s Union at district, town and commune level, and representatives from affected households in Chuc Son Town, and Tien Phuong & Phung Chau Communes (Appendix 1: First Public Consultation). Totally, there were 121 participants.


The objectives of the meeting is to obtain the feedback from the participants on environmental impacts caused by project and their opinion on the project implementation The following issues have been presented during the meeting: The New Campus/WRU Project, the design and the location; The environmental assessment process and procedures; The ADB environmental policy and classification and the GOV environmental regulations; The contents of the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE); Any ‘possible negative environmental impacts; The implementation schedule.

Feedback from Participants The feedback from the participants can be summarised as follows:

• There is agreement on the construction of the New Campus on the proposed site of land in Chuc Son Town, and Tien Phuong & Phung Chau Communes. New Campus can contributes for modernisation and industrial development for Chuong My District

• The contractor must carry out mitigation measures to avoid dust and pollution of water sources. Especially groundwater should not be affected during the construction & operation phases, as the ground water quality in Tien Phuong & Phung Chau Communes is still good and serving for domestic purposes.

• Flooding in the rainy season in Tien Phuong Commune is now at a relatively low level of 10-20cm. There is a fear that after completion of the New Campus, the flooding level may rise in the rainy season. The drainage system should be properly designed and constructed.

• For the water supply for the New Campus – with over 13000 students – groundwater sources are proposed. The exploitation of groundwater may impact on the local residents in using groundwater water source. The water supply system should be properly designed and constructed to avoid problems for the local users

• The contractor is requested to prepare and execute a Transportation Plan for during construction phase to mitigate traffic jams and public inconveniences.

Future public consultations will be held during the detailed engineering design, construction and operation stages, following the general guidelines below:

All stakeholders should be invited and encouraged to participate in the consultation workshops and to bring forward their concerns.

Suggestions from the general public may be sought through the mass media, when necessary.

The PMU and, when necessary, the People’s Committees (at the relevant level of Chuong My District, Chuc Son Town, Tien Phuong & Phung Chau Communes) should be receptive to contact by the public on matters concerning the progress of the Project, adverse impacts, mitigation measures and environmental monitoring.

Information disclosed to date, include:

Objectives of the Projects; Location, designs and cost estimates of the Project; GOV and ADB environmental policies & procedures; The environmental category according to the ADB and GOV policies; Environmental issues related to Project location and design; Proposed mitigation measures; Possible institutional set up for environmental monitoring.


8 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

8.1 Objectives and positive impacts

The overall goal of the Project is to help the Vietnamese Government to increase the number of qualified engineers and technicians in agriculture related water management by expanding infrastructure and teaching equipment, materials and methods. The existing Water Resources University was originally built for 3.000 students. However at present approximately 7.000 students are attending the curriculum and a further growth is expected to approximately 13.500 students in 2012 (Phase 1) and 17.400 students in 2020 (Phase 2). Because of the increase in number of students and the fact that the existing facilities do not meet the required standards for a modern university, plans were made for a new campus. A second objective of building the new Campus in Hanoi, Chuong My District, is upgrading of professional training facilities for water resources specialists. Evidently, the realisation of the New Campus for the Water Resources University will have a strong positive impact on the higher education system in Vietnam. The new campus will provide a modern education environment and research facilities for the WRU, serving the tasks of the Government of Vietnam for modernisation and industrial development. 8.2 Negative impacts

The screening of environmental impacts also revealed adverse impacts (Chapter 4). Screening of these adverse impacts has been presented for the Pre-Construction (Design) Phase, the Construction Phase and the Operation & Maintenance Phase. The main adverse impacts are the increase of transport and groundwater exploitation and large amount of wastewater caused by appearance large amount of students (13400), lectures and associated business which could make affect on the local transportation, domestic water use of the project neighbour households, water quality and flooding situation. All adverse impacts appeared to be small or moderate and many of a temporary nature. No significant adverse environmental impacts are expected from the realisation of the New Campus for the Water Resources University. Mitigation measures have been formulated that can diminish the adverse impacts and a concise Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan has been developed (Chapter 5). 8.3 Recommendations

The executed Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) for the Project is sufficient according to the ADB environmental guidelines and regulations. Only detailed Environmental Management and Monitoring Plans have to be prepared to control and mitigate the identified small and moderate adverse environmental impacts. However, because the Project Area is larger than 50 ha, a full Environmental Impact Assessment is required according to the environmental regulations of the Government of Vietnam (Decree No.21/2008/ND-CP). However, at the present feasibility phase and Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) stage of the Project an IEE is sufficient. An EIA which are followed Vietnamese procedure will have to be carried out after completion and approval of the Feasibility Study Report and prior to obtaining the construction permit.


9 CONCLUSIONS

From the proposed realisation of the new Campus for the Water Resources University, only slight and moderate adverse environmental impacts are expected. These adverse impacts can be resolved by proper design, specific mitigations measures, and by correct operation & maintenance. For these reasons the executed Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) for the Project is sufficient according to the ADB environmental guidelines and regulations. However, because the Project Area is larger than 50 ha, a full Environmental Impact Assessment is required according to the environmental regulations of the Government of Vietnam (Decree No.21/2008/ND-CP). At the present feasibility phase and Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) stage of the Project the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is sufficient. A full Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) will have to be carried out after completion and approval of the Feasibility Study Report and prior to obtaining the construction permit.


REFERENCES

1. Environment Policy of the Asian Development Bank, November 2002. 2. Environmental Assessment Guidelines, Asian Development Bank, 2003. 3. Environmental Guidelines for Selected Infrastructure Projects, Asian Development Bank,

November 1991. 4. Decree 21/2008/ND-CP, Part I Legal Documents, 5, Article 11.2b. 5. QCVN-2008 – Nation Technical Regulations on Environment. 6. Master Plan on New Campus -WRU Construction, Consultant Company of The University

of Construction, May 2007. 7. Detail Technical Design for New Campus –WRU, Consultant Company of The University of

Construction, Jan 2008. 8. Status of Environment of Old Ha Tay, 2006 – DONRE of Old Ha Tay Province. 9. Results of Water Quality, 2003-2006, Day-Nhue River, Geography Institute, 2007. 10. TCVN-5944-2005 – Vietnamese Standard for ground water. 11. Master Plan on Socio-Economic Development of Chuong My District to 2010, orienting to

2020, Chuong My District People Committee. 12. Plan on Extension of Chuc Son Town-Chuong My District- Ha Tay Province, period 2003-

2020, Chuong My District People Committee. 13. Chuong My District Statistical Yearbook 2008.


APPENDICES


APPENDIX 1: Environmental Monitoring activities (water quality, air quality, noise) and costs for the New Campus, during the Pre-Construction, Construction and Operation Phases.

Environmental Monitoring Costs, Pre-Costruction Phase, New Campus WRU

Cost item per year No. of No. of Frequency No. of No. of No. of pers. Car/boat No. of Unit rate Costs PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE staff months sample samples taking rent working USD USD

locations samples days days p day/sample Local environmental consultant

additional supervision 0 0 70 0 EMU - PPMU Monitoring Activities

staff environmental monitoring 1 22 25 550 Taking and handling samples

air quality (dust/TSP) and noise 1 4 4 2 2 20 40 surface water quality 1 5 5 1 1 20 20 boat use 1 1 20 20 groundwater quality 1 4 4 1 1 20 20

Transport samples air quality (dust/TSP) and noise 1 4 1 70 70 surface water quality 1 5 0,5 70 35 groundwater quality 1 4 0,5 70 35

Measuring / analysis air quality (dust/TSP) and noise 1 4 110 440 surface water quality 1 5 110 550 groundwater quality 1 4 110 440

Analysis report 1 120 120 Total per year 2340


Environmental Monitoring Costs, per year, Construction Phase, New Campus WRUCost item per year No. of No. of Frequency No. of No. of No. of pers. Car / boat No. of Unit rate Costs

CONSTRUCTION PHASE staff months sample samples taking rent working USD USD

(total 3 years) locations samples days days p day/sample

Local environmental consultant

additional supervision 1 4 88 70 6160

EMU - PPMU Monitoring Activities

staff environmental monitoring 1 12 264 25 6600

Taking and handling samples

air quality (dust/TSP) and noise 12 4 48 2 24 20 480

surface water quality 12 5 60 1 12 20 240

boat use 12 12 20 240

groundwater quality 12 4 48 1 12 20 240

Transport samples

air quality (dust/TSP) and noise 12 48 12 70 840

surface water quality 12 60 6 70 420

groundwater quality 12 48 6 70 420

Measuring / analysis

air quality (dust/TSP) and noise 12 48 110 5280

surface water quality 12 60 110 6600

groundwater quality 12 48 110 5280

Analysis report 12 120 1440

Total per year 34240


Environmental Monitoring Costs, per year, Operation Phase, New Campus WRU

Cost item per year No. of No. of Frequency No. of No. of No. of pers. Car / boat No. of Unit rate Costs

OPERATION PHASE staff months sample samples taking rent working USD USD


Local environm. consultant







boat use 6 6 20 120


Transport samples









Total per year 14040


Total costs for Environmental Monitoring & supervision, New Campus WRU 17875

Responsibility Pre- Construction Construction Construction Operation Operation Costs Costs Costs Environmental Monitoring Construc- year 1 year 2 year 3 year 4 year 5 without with with

tion VAT VAT (+10%) VAT (+10%) USD USD USD USD USD USD USD USD VND

Pre-construction Phase monitoring & supervision EMU-PMU air quality (dust/TSP) and noise Contractor 2340 2340 2574 46010250

surface water quality groundwater quality

Construction Phase local cons. monitoring & supervision EMU-PMU air quality (dust/TSP) and noise Contractor 34240 34240 34240 102720 112992 2019732000 surface water quality Sub-contractor groundwater quality

Operation Phase local cons. monitoring & supervision EMU-PMU air quality (dust/TSP) and noise communities 14040 14040 28080 30888 552123000


Sub-total 2340 34240 34240 34240 14040 14040 133140 146454 2617865250

Total 146454 2617865250


APPENDIX 2: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist Urban Development New Campus-WRU Instructions:

This checklist is to be prepared to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form that is to be prepared and submitted to the Chief Compliance Officer of the Regional and Sustainable Development Department. This checklist is to be completed with the assistance of an Environment Specialist in a Regional Department. This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB checklists and handbooks on (i) involuntary resettlement,(ii) indigenous peoples planning, (iii) poverty reduction, (iv) participation, and (v) gender and development. Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

Country/Project Title: New Campus of Water Resources University (WRU), Vietnam SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS A. Project Sitting Is the Project area …

densely populated? x heavy with development activities? x adjacent to or within any environmentally sensitive areas?

x

cultural heritage site x protected area x wetland x mangrove x estuarine x buffer zone of protected area x special area for protecting biodiversity x bay x B. Potential Environmental Impacts Will the Project cause…

impacts on the sustainability of associated sanitation and solid waste disposal systems and their interactions with other urban services.

x

deterioration of surrounding environmental conditions due to rapid urban population growth, commercial and industrial activity and increased waste generation to the point that both manmade and natural systems are overloaded and the capacities to manage these systems are overwhelmed?

x

degradation of land and ecosystems (e.g. loss of wetlands and wild lands, coastal zones, watersheds and

x


forests)? dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people degradation of cultural property, and loss of cultural heritage and tourism revenues?

x

occupation of low-lying lands, floodplains and steep hillsides by squatters and low-income groups, and their exposure to increased health hazards and risks due to pollutive industries?

x

water resource problems (e.g. depletion/degradation of available water supply, deterioration for surface and ground water quality , and pollution of receiving waters?

x

air pollution due to urban emissions? x social conflicts between construction workers from other areas and local workers?

x about 60 households will have to be resettled

road blocking and temporary flooding due to land excavation during rainy season?

x

noise and dust from construction activities? x traffic disturbances due to construction material transport and wastes?

x noise will be generated from construction equipment during the construction phase

temporary silt runoff due to construction?

x dust will be generated from construction activities the during construction phase

hazards to public health due to ambient, household and occupational pollution, thermal inversion, and smog formation?

x normally, workers to be hired from local area

water depletion and/or degradation? x over pumping of ground water, leading to land subsidence, lowered ground water Table, and salinisation?

x

contamination of surface and ground waters due to improper waste disposal?

x

pollution of receiving waters resulting in amenity losses, fisheries and marine resource depletion, and health problems?

x


APPENDIX 3: Notes of the first public consultation meeting

Date: 17 June 2009 Venue: Hall of Chuong My DPC

No 4, Phan Chu Trinh Road, Nha Trang City, Khanh Hoa Province Participants: total 121

Highlights:

1. Objectives of the Workshop

• To present and disclose the following: - Subprojects’ objectives - Description of subprojects (locations, sites, design, cost estimates) - Environmental procedures of the ADB & the GOV - Environmental categories of subprojects per ADB & GOV policies - Implementation Schedule

• To obtain feedback from participants, particularly on:

- environmental impacts of the subprojects and subproject; - their opinion on the proposed subprojects

2. Feedback from Participants The feedback from the participants can be summarised as follows:

• There is agreement on the construction of the New Campus for the WRU on the proposed site of land in Chuc Son Town, and Tien Phuong & Phung Chau Communes, because the New Campus will provide a modern education environment and research facilities for the WRU, serving the tasks of the Government of Vietnam for modernisation and industrial development in general and development for Chuong My District in particular.

• The contractor must carry out mitigation measures to avoid dust and pollution of water sources. Especially groundwater should not be affected during the Construction & Operation phases, as the ground water quality in Tien Phuong & Phung Chau Communes is still good and groundwater is used for domestic purposes, like cooking.

• Flooding in the rainy season in Tien Phuong Commune is now at a relatively small level of 10-20cm. There is fear that after completion of the New Campus the flood level may rise in the rainy season. This is why the design of the rainwater drainage system should be properly designed and constructed.

• For the water supply for the New Campus – with over 13000 students – groundwater sources are proposed. Such groundwater exploitation may affect adversely the local residents in using their groundwater source. The water supply system should be properly designed and constructed to avoid problems for the local residents.

• The contractor is requested to prepare and execute a Transportation Plan for the construction period, to mitigate traffic jams and public inconveniences.


Meeting and First Public Consultation in Chuong My District People Committee

The Meeting in Chuong My DPC on 3 June 2009

The First Public Consultation In Chuong My DPC on 17 June 2009

The First Public Consultation In Chuong My DPC on 17 June 2009

Environmental Field Surveys and Investigation in New Campus’s area

Land area of New Campus Replaced HHs by Subproject Initial point of wastewater drainage

canal No 7

Wastewater Drainage Canal of Chuc Son Town, Tien Phuong & Phung Chau Communes

Ha Duc Outlet in Thap Cuu Canal , received wastewater from Chuc Son Town & Phung Chau Communes & other communes around subproject

At point in Bui River received wastewater from Thap Cuu Canal

Deep Well- Mr Nguyen in Long Chau Mieu Village-Phung Chau Commune

Drill Well –Mr Phuong in Tien Phuong Commune

Drill Well –Mr Thao in Ninh Son Village-Chuc Son Town


APPENDIX 4: List of participants first public consultation meeting








PART B

INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION BAC HUNG HAI IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SCHEME

Strengthening Water Management and Irrigation Systems Rehabilitation Project

TA No 7107 - VIE

Annex M - Environmental Assessments Part B: Initial Environmental Examination Bac Hung Hai

Irrigation and Drainage Scheme

Asian Development Bank

December 2009 Final Report 9T9714.21

A COMPANY OF

Document title Strengthening Water Management and Irrigation Systems Rehabilitation Project (TA 7107 VIE)

Final Report Annex M - Environmental Assessments

Document short title Final Report – Annex M (Part B)

Status Final

Date 09 January 2010

Project name Strengthening Water Management and Irrigation Systems Rehabilitation

Project number 9T9714.01

Client Asian Development Bank

Reference 9T9714.01/R04/MVK/VN

Drafted by Frank de Zanger, Do Thi Nham

Checked by Mees van Krimpen

Approved by Jan Willem Overbeek

Date, Initials approval 09 January 2010

Project Office Water Resources University Building C1, Third floor 175 Tay Son Street Ha Noi, Vietnam +84 (0) 4 – 66516264/66516263 Telephone +84 (0) 8 - 38999629 Fax [email protected] E-mail www.royalhaskoning.com Internet

Strengthening Water Management and Irrigation System Rehabilitation 9T9714.21/R04/MVK/VN PPTA No.7107-VIE / Final Report – Annex M (Part B) ii December 2009

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

TABLE OF CONTENTS II

LIST OF FIGURES IV

LIST OF TABLES IV

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS VI

1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Purpose of Report 1

2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING 3 2.1 General 3 2.2 Objectives of the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) 3 2.3 Relevant Regulations and Guidelines on Environmental Assessment 4 2.4 Extent of the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) 5

3 DESCRIPTION OF THE BAC HUNG HAI SCHEME 6 3.1 Location and characteristics of the BHH Irrigation and Drainage Scheme

6 3.1.1 General 6 3.1.2 Irrigation areas 6 3.1.3 Drainage areas 7 3.2 Need for Rehabilitation 8 3.3 Size of the Operation 9 3.4 Project Implementation 12

4 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 13 4.1 Climate 13 4.2 Geology 13 4.3 Topography and Soils 13 4.4 Surface Water 14 4.4.1 Characteristics of the BHH Scheme 14 4.5 Water quality 15 4.5.1 Sources and standards 15 4.5.2 Water quality assessment 16 4.5.3 Sources causing water pollution in BHH Schemes 17 4.6 Groundwater 22 4.6.1 Groundwater use 22 4.6.2 Groundwater quality 22 4.7 Air Quality and Noise 25 4.8 Ecological Resources and Sites of Archaeological Significance 27 4.8.1 Protected areas, endangered species, forests and ecosystems 27 4.8.2 Flora and fauna 27 4.8.3 Fisheries 28 4.8.4 Sites of Archaeological Significance 28

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4.9 Human and economic development 30 4.9.1 Population 30 4.9.2 Economic development 30 4.9.3 Income, employment and poverty incidence 31 4.9.4 Land use 31 4.9.5 Education and health 31 4.9.6 Access to water supply 32 4.9.7 Sanitation and solid waste management 32 4.9.8 Drainage and Flood control 32 4.9.9 Flooding and water logging situation 33 4.9.10 The situation of industrial and domestic wastewater discharging to the

system 33 4.9.11 Waterborne Diseases 33

5 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 35 5.1 Introduction 35 5.2 Environmental Criteria 36 5.3 Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Pre-Construction Phase 36 5.3.1 General 36 5.3.2 Adverse Impacts 37 5.3.3 Positive Impacts 37 5.4 Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Construction Phase 41 5.5 Impacts and Mitigation Measures during O&M Phase 45

6 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS 49 6.1 Institutional requirements for Environmental Management & Monitoring

49 6.2 Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 50 6.2.1 Costs for Environmental Monitoring of resettlement, water quality, air

quality and noise 50 6.2.2 Environmental Management and Monitoring, New Outlet 50 6.2.3 Environmental Management and Monitoring, New Pumping Stations 54 6.2.4 Environmental Management and Monitoring, Pumping Stations to be

rehabilitated. 58

7 PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 62 7.1 Consultation and Participation Process 62 7.2 Consultation Meetings 62 7.2.1 Schedules and participation 62 7.2.2 Feedback from Participants 63 7.2.3 Conclusions of the meeting 64

8 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 65 8.1 Objectives and Positive impacts 65 8.2 Negative impacts 65 8.3 Recommendations 65

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9 CONCLUSIONS 66

REFERENCES 67

APPENDICES 68 APPENDICES Appendix 1: Environmental monitoring activities (water quality, air quality, noise) and costs for BHH Sub-Projects, during the pre-construction, construction and operation phases. Appendix 2: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist Irrigation for BHH Sub-Projects. Appendix 3: Public Consultations LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 3-1 10 sub-areas in BHH Scheme ........................................................................... 6Figure 3-2 Topographical situation and main drain areas of BHH Scheme ....................... 8Figure 3-3 Sub-Projects/Pumping Stations in BHH Scheme ............................................ 12Figure 4-1: Left: Air pollution in Dai Bai Handicraft Village - Gia Binh District-Bac Ninh Province. Right: Air pollution in Man Xa metal recycling plant, Thuan Thanh District, Bac Ninh Province. 25Figure 4-2 Historical/cultural sites and temples/pagodas near Sub-Project areas. .......... 29 LIST OF TABLES

Table 3-1 General information on the 10 sub-areas 7Table 3-2 The Sub-Projects of the BHH Rehabilitation Project 9Table 4-1 Number of industries in Bac Hung Hai Scheme, 2007 18Table 4-2 Domestic wastewater in provinces in the area of BHH Scheme, 2007 18Table 4-3 Volumes of waste waters after types of industries in BHH Scheme, 2007. 19Table 4-4 Water quality results of surface water in the BHH Scheme, April 2008. 21Table 4-5 Water supply stations in BHH area 22Table 4-6 Water quality results of groundwater in the BHH Scheme, 2004. 24Table 4-7 Air quality in Bac Hung Hai Area 26Table 4-8 Numbers of livestock and poultry in BHH Area, 2007 27Table 4-9 Pagodas and temples situated near Sub-Project areas 29Table 4-10 The population in BHH Scheme, 2007* 30Table 4-11 Structure of the economical sector in the Provinces of the BHHScheme. 30Table 4-12 Status of land use in the Project Area, 2007. 31Table 4-13 Water-logging situation in BHH area in ha 33Table 4-14 Waterborne diseases in An Thanh-Tu Xuyen Communes-Tu Ky District-Hai Duong Province. 34Table 5-1 New Outlet in Cau Xe River, Potential Adverse Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures, Pre-Construction Phase 38Table 5-2 New Pumping Stations, Potential Adverse Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures, Pre-Construction Phase 39

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Table 5-3 Rehabilitation of Pumping Stations, Potential Adverse Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures, Pre-Construction Phase 40Table 5-4 New Outlet in Cau Xe River, Potential Adverse Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures, Construction Phase 42Table 5-5 New Pumping Stations, Potential Adverse Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures, Construction Phase 43Table 5-6 Rehabilitation of Pumping Stations, Potential Adverse Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures, Construction Phase 44Table 5-7 Outlet in Cau Xe River, Potential Adverse Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures, Operation & Maintenance Phase 46Table 5-8 New Pumping Stations, Potential Adverse Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures, Operation & Maintenance Phase 47Table 5-9 Rehabilitation of Pumping Stations, Potential Adverse Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures, Operation & Maintenance Phase 48Table 6-1 Representatives of four PMUs 49Table 6-2 Environmental Management and Monitoring: New Outlet, Pre-Construction Phase 51Table 6-3 Environmental Management and Monitoring: New Outlet, Construction Phase (3 years) 52Table 6-4 Environmental Management and Monitoring: New Outlet, Operation & Maintenance Phase 53Table 6-5 Environmental Management and Monitoring: 6 New Pumping Stations, Pre- Construction Phase 55Table 6-6 Environmental Management and Monitoring: 6 New Pumping Stations, Construction Phase (3 years) 56Table 6-7 Environmental Management and Monitoring: 6 New Pumping Stations, Operation & Maintenance Phase 57Table 6-8 Environmental Management and Monitoring: 4 Pumping Stations to be rehabilitated, Pre-Construction Phase 59Table 6-9 Environmental Management and Monitoring: 4 Pumping Stations to be rehabilitated, Construction Phase 60Table 6-10 Environmental Management and Monitoring: 4 Pumping Stations to be rehabilitated, Operation & Maintenance Phase 61Table 7-1 List of Subproject for Public Consultation’s meetings 62

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ADB Asian Development Bank AFD Agence Française de Développement AP Affected Person APC Agriculture Production Cooperative BHH Bac Hung Hai (Irrigation and Drainage Scheme) BoQ Bill of Quantities CIF Cost Insurance Freight CPI Consumer Price Index CPO Central Project Office (MARD) DMF Design and Monitoring Framework DONRE Department of Nature Resources and Environment DOT Department of Transportation DPC District Peoples Committee EA Executing Agency EARP Environmental Assessment and Review Procedures EIRR Economic internal Rate of Return EMD Ethnic Minority Development EMDP Ethnic Minority Development Plan EMP Environmental Management Plan EUR Euro FIRR Financial Internal Rate of Return FMA Financial Management Assessment FSR Feasibility Study Report GDP Gross Domestic Product GOV Government of Vietnam ICT Information and Communication Technology IDMC Irrigation and Drainage Management Company IDP International Development Partner IE Irrigation Enterprise IEE Initial Environmental Examination IMC Irrigation Management Company INB Incremental Net Benefits IOL Inventory of losses IR Inception Report ISF Irrigation Service Fee M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development MASSCOTE Mapping Systems and Services for Canal Operation Techniques MDG Millennium Development Goals MOET Ministry of Education and Training MONRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment MOIT Ministry of Industry and Transport MOST Ministry of Science and Technology NB Net Benefit O&M Operation and Maintenance PAP Project Affected Person PMU Project Management Unit PPP Public Private Partnership

Exchange Rates used in this Report (December 2009)

USD 1 = VND 17,875

Strengthening Water Management and Irrigation System Rehabilitation 9T9714.21/R04/MVK/VN PPTA No.7107-VIE / Final Report – Annex M (Part B) vii December 2009

PPTA Project Preparatory Technical Assistance PSA Poverty and Social Assessment PU Public Utility RAMP Risk Assessment and Management Plan RAP Resettlement Action Plan RC Resettlement Commission RP Resettlement Plan SIEE Summary Initial Environmental Examination SPRSS Summary Poverty Reduction and Social Strategy SS Suspended Solids TA Technical Assistance ToR Terms of Reference USD United States Dollar VAT Value Added Tax VND Vietnam Dong WRU Water Resources University WTP Willingness to Pay WUA Water User Association WUG Water User Group

Strengthening Water Management and Irrigation System Rehabilitation 9T9714.21/R04/MVK/VN PPTA No.7107-VIE / Final Report – Annex M (Part B) 1 December 2009

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

This report is prepared and submitted as Annex J of the Final Report for ADB TA No. 7107-VIE, the Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) for the proposed Strengthening Water Resources and Irrigation Systems Rehabilitation Project (the Project). The report is presented in accordance with the requirements of the Contract, dated March 09, 2009 between the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and Haskoning Nederland B.V, The Netherlands, (the Consultant) the appointed PPTA consultant and the minutes of contract negotiations dated March 06th, 2009. This PPTA is based on an agreement between ADB and the Government of Viet Nam dated September 26th, 2008 and funding of the PPTA is under a grant from the ADB. The main outcome of this PPTA will be a feasibility study report for preparing the Strengthening Water Management and Systems Rehabilitation Project to be financed by ADB and potential development partners. The project’s Final Report will describe the design for three main project components including:

1. Upgrading of professional training facilities for water resources specialists at the WRU

2. Improving management of irrigation and drainage systems in the Bac Hung Hai Scheme

3. Constructing new infrastructure and upgrading existing irrigation systems infrastructure and improving management of operation and maintenance for the Bac Hung Hai Irrigation and drainage scheme.

The project objectives of the Project are twofold:

1. Increase the number of qualified engineers and technicians in agriculture related water management by expanding infrastructure and teaching equipment, materials and methods at the WRU in its campus in Hanoi and the new campus in Chuong My District – Hanoi.

2. Improved service delivery in the BHH Scheme by improved governance and management and by constructing new infrastructure and upgrading of existing irrigation systems infrastructure.

Sustainability of the Project is another key objective, which will require identification of the necessary counterpart financial plans and institutional capacity building measures. This Part B of the report is presenting the Environmental Assessment of the foreseen investments for the Bac Hung Hai Irrigation and Drainage Scheme (BHH). This report is prepared in the context of project components 3. The activities described contribute to achieve project objectives no. 2. 1.2 Purpose of Report

This report gives an account of the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) of the proposed Sub-Projects under the Strengthening Water Management and Irrigation Systems Rehabilitation Project in Hanoi (Bac Ninh, Hung Yen, Hai Duong Province). The IEE was conducted during Sub-Projects’ preparation to identify the impacts of the proposed activities on the environment. Measures are recommended to mitigate the identified adverse environmental impacts arising from the implementation of the Sub-Projects.


The IEE was carried out following the Environment Policy, Environmental Assessment Guidelines, and Environmental Guidelines for Selected Irrigation and Urban Development Projects of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and relevant environmental policies and guidelines of the Government of Vietnam (GOV).


2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING

2.1 General

Environmental Impact Assessment is an integral part of the process of project selection, design and implementation. It should be a tool for decision makers to consider the impacts of proposed activities on the physical and social environment, in order to seek for alternatives, to prepare steps to mitigate negative impacts and to enhance the positive impacts. If necessary a proposed activity should be rejected. Constructing new infrastructure and upgrading existing irrigation systems infrastructure at the Bac Hung Hai Irrigation Scheme would have a positive effect on the social and cultural environment in Vietnam and would ultimately result in improved economic development. However, almost every project has also negative impacts on the environment, being slight or severe, temporarily or permanent. It has been verified whether the proposed Project conforms to the environmental regulations, guidelines and standards of the Government of Vietnam (GoV) as well as of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Environmental screening has been carried out with the help of the ADB Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) technique for the proposed activities in the Bac Hung Hai Irrigation and Drainage Scheme. The screening revealed that the Project would mainly bring about positive socio-economical impacts. No significant environmental impacts are expected from this rehabilitation Project. Negative impacts would occur mainly during the construction phase. These impacts are considered small to medium. Consequently, the Project was categorised as a Category B Project according to ADB guidelines. A Category B Project (ADB, OM 20) is a project judged to have some adverse environmental impacts, but of lesser degree or significance than those for Category A projects. An Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is then required to investigate whether or not significant environmental impacts might occur as a result of the proposed activities. If the IEE shows that indeed significant environmental impacts are to be expected then a full Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is required. If an EIA is not needed, then the IEE is regarded as the final environmental assessment report for the proposed Project (ref.1-4). Because the total physical area of the BHH Scheme is larger than 200 ha (actually 215,000 ha), Vietnam’s national environmental regulations (ref.5: Decree No.21/2008/ND-CP) prescribe a full Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) to be carried out. However, in the PPTA phase, only a chapter of Environmental Analysis (in accordance with the guidelines for the Feasibility Study Report for ODA Projects) is needed. An IEE would be sufficient for approval of the Feasibility Study Report (FSR) by the GoV. The EIA which is followed the Government procedure, will have to be conducted after completion and approval of the FSR and prior to obtaining the construction permit. In the IEE Report mitigation measures – required to alleviate identified adverse environmental impacts – are presented and guidance is provided on appropriate institutional arrangements for environmental monitoring. 2.2 Objectives of the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)

The Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) of the proposed Project “Constructing new infrastructure and upgrading existing irrigation systems infrastructure at the Bac Hung Hai Irrigation Scheme” was conducted to identify the impacts of the proposed Project on the physical and social environment and to recommend measures to mitigate adverse impacts arising from its implementation (Chapter 4). Also concise Environmental Management and Monitoring Plans (Tables) have been developed for the various Sub-Projects and costs for environmental monitoring


have been estimated (Chapter 5). Guidance has been provided on appropriate institutional arrangements for environmental monitoring and a summary of the IEE has been prepared.

The IEE was carried out following the Environment Policy, Environmental Assessment Guidelines, and Environmental Guidelines for Selected Agriculture and Natural Resources Development (as well as for Infrastructure Projects) of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Also the relevant environmental policies and guidelines of the Government of Vietnam (GOV) were followed. The screening and scoping process has resulted in identification of one of the following analysis requirements for the Project:

• a full Environmental Impact Assessment plus Environmental Management and Monitoring Plans are required, because significant adverse environmental impacts are to be expected;

• only Environmental Management and Environmental Monitoring Plans are required, because limited environmental impacts are to be expected;

• no further environmental analysis is required, as only minor (no significant) adverse environmental impacts are to be expected.

Besides possibly recommended environmental studies, it is assumed that for all projects proper Operation & Maintenance Plans will be prepared and executed. 2.3 Relevant Regulations and Guidelines on Environmental Assessment

Both ADB and relevant Vietnamese environmental guidelines and regulations were used for the preparation of the IEE for the BHH Irrigation and Drainage Scheme. Relevant GOV Environmental Regulations are:

• Law of Environmental Protection, November 29, 2005. This Law provides for environmental protection; policies, measures and resources for environmental protection and for the rights and obligations of organizations, households and individuals for environmental protection. The Law of Environmental Protection shall apply to the State agencies, organizations, households, individuals, Vietnamese citizens living in foreign countries, and foreign organizations and individuals that operate within the territory of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

• Decree 80/ND-CP, August 09, 2006, of the Prime Minister regarding detailed stipulation and guidance on applying the Law of Environmental Protection.

• Decree 21/2008/ND-CP, February, 28, 2008, amending and supplementing a number of articles of the Government’s Decree 80/ND-CP of August 9, 2006; detailing and guiding the implementation of a number of articles of the Law on Environmental Protection.

• Circular No. 05/2008/TT-BTNMT guiding strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection commitment. This Circular repeals Circular No. 08/2006/TT-BTNMT of 9 September 2006, guiding strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection commitment.

• Decision No. 13/2006/QD-BTNMT, September 08, 2006, of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, regarding stipulation of organizations and operation of the assessment board for reports on Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) and EIA.

• Decision No: 48/2008/QD-TTg, issued on 03/04/2008 by the Prime Minister, regarding Common General Guidelines on Feasibility Study Preparation for ODA Projects.

• Decision 16/2008/QD-BTNMT, December 31, 2008, of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on promulgating the National Technical Standard Regulations for the


Environment. This Decision enclosed 8 National Technical Standard Regulations for the Environment as follows:

1. QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on surface water quality. 2. QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on ground water quality. 3. QCVN 10:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on coastal water quality. 4. QCVN 11:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on the effluent of industries. 5. QCVN 12:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on the effluent of pulp and

paper mills. 6. QCVN 13:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on the effluent of textile

industries. 7. QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on domestic wastewater. 8. QCVN 15:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on pesticide residues in soils.

Relevant ADB Environmental Guidelines include:

• Environment Policy of the Asian Development Bank, November 2002. • Environmental Assessment Guidelines, 2003 – Annex 3 Content and Format of Initial

Environmental Examination (IEE). • Environmental Guidelines for Selected Agricultural and Natural Resources Development

Projects (November 1991). • Environmental Guidelines for Selected Infrastructure Projects (November 1991).

2.4 Extent of the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)

The Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) involves the following activities: • Gathering available baseline information on the physical / chemical, biological, and socio-

economic environment of the subproject area. • Screening of potential impacts related to the sitting, design, construction, and operation

phases, to distinguish those that are likely to be significant and would warrant further study. • Recommending measures to mitigate possible adverse impacts. • Provide guidance on appropriate institutional arrangements for environmental monitoring.

Findings of site reconnaissance, results of social surveys, results of water quality tests and analyses, technical descriptions based on the preliminary engineering designs (contained in the Draft FS Reports of proposed components dated 2009), as well as the outcome of discussions with BHH’s IDMC, provincial IMCs, and provincial authorities, have been integrated into this IEE.


3 DESCRIPTION OF THE BAC HUNG HAI SCHEME

3.1 Location and characteristics of the BHH Irrigation and Drainage Scheme

3.1.1 General

The BHH Scheme is located in the heart of the Red River Delta. It is the oldest, largest and most important irrigation and drainage scheme in the Red River Delta. The BHH Scheme covers all or parts of four provinces, including the two South Eastern Districts of Hanoi, the whole of Hung Yen Province, 7 Districts of Hai Duong Province and 3 Districts of Bac Ninh Province. The BHH Scheme is bordered by four big rivers: the Duong River in the North, Luoc River in the South, the Red River in the East and Thai Binh River in the West. The total command area is 192,045 ha, of which 142,479 ha is used for agricultural purposes. The total population of the area is about 2.8 million people of whom about 2.2 million are working in agriculture. The Bac Hung Hai Irrigation and Drainage Scheme was designed and constructed in 1959, is located to the East and Southeast of Hanoi, and covers some 215 thousand hectare. The main irrigation and drainage canal system is 250 km long, running through all or parts of the provinces Hung Yen, Hai Duong, Bac Ninh and Hanoi. 3.1.2 Irrigation areas

BHH is divided into 10 sub-areas: Gia Lam, Gia Thuan Chau Giang, Bac Kim Son, Cam Giang-Hai Duong City, An Thi, Binh Giang-Bac Thanh Mein, Tu Loc (Gia Loc-Tu Ky), Tay Nam Cuu An, Dong Nam Cuu An. In Figure 3-1 and Table 3-1 the locations and general information of the 10 sub-areas are provided.

Figure 3-1 10 sub-areas in BHH Scheme


Table 3-1 General information on the 10 sub-areas

Sub-area Total area

Elevation Area inside

the dikes

Area outside

the dikes

Agri- culture

area

Cultivated area

Population

[ha] [m] [ha] [ha] [ha] [ha] [unit] Gia Lam 10,262 3 - 4.5 7,924 2,338 4,985 4,850 384,834 Gia Thuan 37,007 3 - 3.5 32,757 4,250 24,317 21,021 409,340 Chau Giang 23,295 3 - 3.5 20,132 3,163 15,682 12,442 327,857 Bac Kim Son 18,925 1.5 - 2 18,925 0 12,399 11,339 229,020

Cam Giang - Hai Duong City

11,977 1 - 1.5 10,886 1,091 6,428 4,976 206,996

An Thi 15,868 1.5 - 2 15,868 0 11,683 11,338 163,666 Binh Giang - Bac Thanh Mien

24,285 2 - 2.5 24,285 0 16,989 14,982 247,679

Gia Loc - Tu Ky 25,262 1 - 2.0 21,321 3,941 17,212 14,258 293,138

Tay nam - Cuu An 31,976 2 - 2.5 25,116 6,860 22,020 19,226 373,233

Dong Nam Cuu An 16,075 1 - 1.5 14,831 1,244 10,764 9,555 176,823

Total 214,932 192,045 22,887 142,479 123,987 2,812,586 Source: IWARP 3.1.3 Drainage areas

The BHH Scheme is located within a system of main dikes and slopes from the North-West into a South-Easterly direction. The areas with a distinct type of drainage and drainage flow are presented in Figure 3-2: Area 1 Water is being drained directly into the surrounding rivers of the BHH Scheme.

The total area is about 56,824 ha. Area 2 Water is being drained into the internal main river system. Through this internal

system water flows towards the Cau Xe and An Tho sluices from where the water is discharged into Thai Binh River and Luoc River. Within this area, there are two sub-zones. In one sub-zone (Area 2a) the water flows by gravity into the internal river system. In the other subzone (Area 2b), water is discharged into the main internal river system by means of pumping.


Figure 3-2 Topographical situation and main drain areas of BHH Scheme 3.2 Need for Rehabilitation

The BHH Scheme is located in the heart of the Red River Delta. It is the oldest, largest and most important scheme in the Red River Delta. In meetings with representatives of the BHH Irrigation and Drainage Management Company and the provincial Irrigation Management Committees, officials expressed that there are major constraints in the system:

• Lack of water supply for irrigation due to changes in cropping patterns. • Inadequate drainage in the project area, which requires expansion of the drained area and

additional pumping capacity. • Encroachment on the river/canals and hydraulic works protection corridors, which requires

enforcement of regulations and control of sand exploitations. • Water pollution and related environmental issues require enforcement of legislation and

regulations and additional waste water treatment and pumping facilities. • Inadequate operation and management of the scheme requires improved coordination and

system management and improved cost recovery mechanisms. The conclusion is that increase of drainage and irrigation capacity at the BHH Scheme is required by the construction of a new outlet and by new, and to be rehabilitated, irrigation and drainage pumping stations (Figure 3-3).

PS Irrigation

PS Irrigation + drainage

Regulator

Area 2a (gravity to inside)

Area 2b (pumping to inside)

Area 1 (gravity to outside)

Legend


Figure 3-3 Existing Xuan Quan intake (left) and existing Cau Xe Outlet (right) 3.3 Size of the Operation

Proposed components in the BHH Scheme, which are subject to environmental assessment, are the following (Table 3-2):

1 new outlet structure in Cau Xe River; 6 new pumping stations (PSs), of which 1 irrigation PS and 5 drainage PSs; 4 pumping station to be rehabilitated/upgraded, of which all are drainage PSs.

Table 3-2 The Sub-Projects of the BHH Rehabilitation Project

No Sub-Projects New/Upgrading/ Rehabilitation

Proposed Capacity

( m3/s)

Remarks

1. Phu My Irrigation Pumping Station

New 12 Dinh To -Thuan Thanh Bac Ninh Water to be taken from Duong River

2 Lien Nghia Drainage Pumping Station

New 25 Water pumped into Red River

3 Nghi Xuyen Drainage Pumping Station

New 50 Lien Nghia-Van Giang Hung Yen Intervention will include the construction of a dam (including gates) upstream in the Cuu An River to create a drainage basin. Water pumped into Red River

4 Chua Tong Drainage Pumping Station

New 10 Yen My Town-Yen My-Hung Yen Water pumped into Kim Son River

5 Kenh Vang II Drainage Pumping Station

Rehabilitation (replacement)

44 Trung Kenh-Luong Tai-Bac Ninh Rehabilitation of the pumping equipment and auxiliary M&E equipment and restoration of original pumping capacity of 44 m3/s

6 Nhat Trai Drainage Pumping Station

New 28 Minh Tan-Luong Tai-Bac Ninh Water to be pumped into Thai Binh River

7 Co Ngua Drainage Pumping Station

Rehabilitation

7 Thanh Giang-Thanh Mien-Hai Duong


No Sub-Projects New/Upgrading/ Rehabilitation

Proposed Capacity

( m3/s)

Remarks

Water pumped into Luoc River 8 Cau Xe Outlet New 360 m3/s

(p=10%) 230 m3/s (p=20%)

Quang Trung-Tu Ky-Hai Duong Construction of a new drainage / tidal irrigation outlet

9 Cau Dua Drainage Pumping Station

Upgrading 20 Van To-Tu Ky-Hai Duong Upgraded capacity of 20 m3/s. Water pumped into Luoc River

10 Doan Thuong Drainage Pumping Station

New 15.6 Doan Thuong-Gia Loc-Hai Duong Water pumped into Dinh Dao River

11 My Dong Drainage Pumping Station

Rehabilitation

22 Tien Phong-ThanhMien-Hung Yen Water pumped into Luoc River

A further description of the Sub-Projects is as follows (Figure:3-3): 1. Phu My Irrigation Pumping Station

Total catchments area is 11,200 ha (Nhu Quynh and Phu My). • PS is located outside dike area. Works to be included: (i) pumping station, using

submerged pumps, (ii) supply channel (between Duong river and PS, open channel), (iii) discharging channel (from PS to existing intake and to North main canal of Nhu Quynh, to be lined); (iv) reconstruction of existing intake; (v) management house; and (vi) M&E parts.

2. Lien Nghia Drainage Pumping Station • Catchments area is 3,545 ha, bounded by Road # 179 on the North, Road #207 (along East

main Canal of Van Giang) on the East, Road # 199 on the South and RR dyke on the West.

• Works to be included: (i) pumping station; (ii) connection between Dong Que River and PS, (iii) connection between PS and Red River; (iv) management house; (v) M&E parts.

3. Nghi Xuyen I Drainage Pumping Station • Catchments area 8,274 ha, bounded by road 399 on the North, drainage areas to Kim Son,

Dien Bien and Kinh Nguu Rivers on the East, Road on the South and RR dyke on the West.

• Works to be included: (i) New PS is located in the two dike area which can be used as additional storage area before excess water is drained to the RR; (ii) connection between Cuu An River and two dike area (including gates); (iii) connection between PS and RR; (iv) regulator at Huong Quat Bridge; (v) management house, and (vi) M&E parts.

4. Chua Tong Drainage Pumping Station • Catchments area 1,658 ha, bounded by Gia Pham Canal on the North, Road #39 on the

East, Cuu An River on the South, and drainage area of Cau Dung PS on the West. • Works to be included: (i) PS, located at Cau Treo River, left bank of Kim Son River; (ii)

connection with Kim Son River (including gate to facilitate the gravity drainage during low water level); (iii) management house, and (iv) M&E parts.

5. Kenh Vang II Drainage Pumping Station • Total catchments area is 14,812 ha. • (i) Replacement of existing pumps (20 x 8,000 m3/h) with new ones and electric system,

including transformer; (ii) renovation of pump house, (iii) reconstruction of management house; (iv) trash racks.

6 Nhat Trai Drainage Pumping Station • Total catchments area is 14,812 ha.


• New construction of drainage PS at Nhat Trai (28 m3/s); (ii) new discharging channel (500 m), (iii) upgrading of supply channel (1km of new canal plus 2km of existing canal); (iv) rehabilitation of Van Pham regulator (at confluence between PS supply channel and Tuan La River); (v) rehabilitation of the Dap Nhi regulator on the Tuan La River; (vi) new electric system and transformers; and (vii) management house and fences.

7. Co Ngua Drainage Pumping Station • Catchments area is 1,160 ha, drainage 1,160 ha, Irrigation 240 ha, bounded Dai Phu Giang

River on the North, drainage area of Doc Bung PS on the East, Luoc River on the South, and My Dong catchment area on the West.

• Works to be included: (i) reconstruction of the pump house; (ii) replacement of existing pumps and adding new pumps, (iii) M&E parts; (iv) upgrading culvert and gate at the road (combined station); and (v) management house.

8. Cau Xe Outlet • The new Cau Xe Outlet will replace the existing Cau Xe Outlet. The construction site is

about 1550 m downstream from the existing outlet in Quang Trung Commune, Tu Ky District, Hai Duong Province. The catchments area is 28,175 ha. The structure includes: - 6 gates, 8 m width (total 48m wide); - 1 navigation lock of 9m wide and 200m long (navigation of 100 DWT vessels); - Bottom elevation: -4.0m; - Road surface (on the bridge) elevation: +4.5m; - Sluice apron dimensions: 21.5m long and 1.40m thick; - Radial gates and hoisting equipment; - M&E parts; - Management house with area of 125 m2 in total area of 1225 m2; - Operation electrical system, including a high tension line with length 1550 m and 1

transformer station of 150 KVA - 35(22) /0.4, and a low tension light system. 9. Cau Dua Drainage Pumping Station

• The catchments area is bounded by the new Highway #5 and Thai Binh River on the North, Cau Xe river on the East, Dinh Dao and catchments area of Binh Han PS on the South, and the catchments area of Dong Trang PS on the West.

• Original catchments area of Cau Dua was 4,489ha, but now catchments area will be reduced to 2,573 ha due to the new PS Binh Han.

• Works to be included: (i) replacement of the existing pumps with new ones (4,000 m3/h) or bigger capacity pumps (8,000 m3/h), which will be defined in basic design; (ii) rehabilitation of the pump house, (iii) repair of suction and discharging basins, (iv) M&E parts.

10. Doan Thuong Drainage Pumping Station • Catchments area 2,270 ha, bounded by drainage catchment areas of Thanh Xa and Tan

Hung on the North, drainage catchment areas of Do Neo and Quang Giang on the East, drainage catchments of Hong Hung and Dinh Dao River on the South, and drainage catchments of Khuong Phu and Bui Ha on the West.

• PS is located in Doan Thuong Canal, left bank of Dinh Dao River. • The works include: (i) headwork: (ii) pumping stations; (iii) suction and discharge basins;

(iv) regulator; (v) outlet (under dike); (vi) discharging channel; (vii) management house; (viii) upgrading the conveyance canal 5.7 km long (Thach Khoi Canal) and 7 on-canal structures.

11. My Dong Drainage Pumping Station • The catchments area of 3,277 ha, is bounded by drainage catchment area of Tu Cuong on

the North, catchments area of Co Ngua PS on the East, Luoc River on the South, and drainage catchments area of La Tien PS on the West.

• Works to be included: (i) replacement of existing pumps and engines (10 units), (ii) M&E parts, (iii) crane system; (iv) upgrading of KT' and KT regulators, (v) replacement of gates and hoisting equipment of outlet structure (under dyke); (vi) reconstruction of management house.


Figure 3-3 Sub-Projects/Pumping Stations in BHH Scheme 3.4 Project Implementation

The Central Project Office (CPO) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) serves as the executing agency of the Project. Based on discussions with ADB, AFD and MARD the following process for project preparation and appraisal is proposed:

• ADB’s Appraisal Mission December 2009; • MARD Minister’s Approval of the Feasibility Study January 2010; • Loan negotiations February 2010; • ADB’s Board consideration: March 2010.

It is estimated that the Project will be implemented over 5 years, commencing in the second half of 2010. Land acquisition and resettlement activities will be conducted prior to commencement of construction.

1. Phu My PS 2. Lien Nghia PS 3. Nghi Xuyen PS 4. Chua Tong PS 5. Kenh Vang II PS 6. Nhat Trai PS 7. Co Ngua PS 8. Cau Xe sluice 9. Cau Dua PS 10. Doan Thuong PS 11. My Dong PS


4 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

4.1 Climate

Bac Hung Hai Irrigation and Drainage Scheme, where the Project area is situated, has a tropical monsoon climate. Two main seasons can be distinguished: the dry season from October to April, which is cold and dry, and the rainy season from May to September, which is hot and rainy. The average temperature in the Project area is 23ºC and the mean annual rainfall is 1700-1800 mm. The rain is concentrated in the months of June to October, accounting for 75-80% of the total annual rainfall. Uneven rainfall distribution through the year results in flooding in the rainy season and drought in the dry season. The prevailing wind directions are northeast during the dry and southwest during the rainy season. Climate data of the Project area are presented in Table 4-1.

Tabel 4-1 Climate data of the project site

Indicators Annual Average

Temperature 23 oC Number of hours sunshine 1700 hrs Rainfall 1,700- 1,800 mm Relative humidity 84% Evaporation 800-900 mm

4.2 Geology

The Bac Hung Hai Project area is located in a sunken zone of the Red River Delta. It was formed by Quaternary sediment formations having a thickness of 150 m - 160 m. 4.3 Topography and Soils

The terrain of Bac Hung Hai tends to slope from northwest to southeast, ranging at average from 0-5 meters above sea level. It forms basically 3 typical areas:

• The regions along the Red River and Duong River, such as Chau Giang, Gia Lam, and Thuan Thanh Districts. The average elevation is +4.0m; the elevation of the highest parts are 8-9 m in Chau Giang, Gia Lam, and Thuan Thanh Districts.

• The central region, like Gia Loc, Thanh Mien, and Binh Giang Districts, with an elevation of 2-2.5m above sea level.

• The regions along Luoc and Thai Binh Rivers, such as Phu Cu, Ninh Giang, Tu Ky Districts, where the average elevation is 1-1.5 m above sea level and the lowest +0.5 m.

The soils in Bac Hung Hai were formed in alluvial deposits from the Red River and the Thai Binh River. Their composition includes light clay soils and acid soils with phosphate. The following soil types can be identified: Soil types that are mainly found at relatively high lands along the Red River, like Van Giang, Yen My, Van Lam, Khoai Chau and part of An Thi District:

• alluvial soils with a sandy-loam and loam texture; • alluvial soils with a moderate loam soil texture, less acid.

A soil type found in the central area of BHH, like in My Hao, Cam Giang, Binh Giang, Gia Loc, Tien Lu, Tu Ky, Phu Cu, Thanh Mien, Ninh Giang, and part of An Thi District:

• light grey rich alluvial soils, with a moderate to heavy loam texture.


In general the alluvial soils in BHH are rich in fertile components, suitable for rice cultivation and other farm products. 4.4 Surface Water

4.4.1 Characteristics of the BHH Scheme

BHH Scheme and its connecting rivers The BHH area is surrounded by the following rivers: Red River (East), Duong River (North), Thai Binh River (West) and Luoc River (South). Within the BHH Scheme, a network of primary, secondary, tertiary and quarterly rivers and channels are used for both irrigation and drainage. The main primary conveyance system consists of major rivers namely: Kim Son, Dinh Dao, Dien Bien, Tay Ke Sat, Cau Xe, Tu Ky, Cuu An & Cau Xe, and Tran Ky Rivers. All rivers in the command area are used for both irrigation and drainage. The main characteristics of these rivers are as follows:

• Kim Son River (62.3 km): Located in the northern part of the BHH Scheme; runs from west to east and basically connects Xuan Quan Intake (Red River) with Cau Cat Outlet (Thai Binh River). The Xuan Quan Intake is the main intake for irrigation water, the Cau Cat Sluice/Outlet is used for navigation purposes and not for irrigation or drainage. Cau Cat is located in Hai Duong City.

• Cuu An & Cau Xe rivers (60.6 km): Located in the southern part of the BHH Scheme. The rivers flow from west to east. At the east end this system connects with Thai Binh River. The Cau Xe sluice is located in the Cau Xe River.

• Dien Bien River (15.7 km): Running from north to south; the river connects Kim Son and Cuu An Rivers. Luc Dien and Bang Ngang off-takes are located at the northern and southern end of the channel.

• Tay Ke Sat River (12.7 km): Running from north to south; it connects Kim Son and Cuu An rivers. At the northern part of Tay Ke Sat River, the Ke Sat off-take is located.

• Dinh Dao River (44.7 km): This heavily meandering river, running from north to south, connects Kim Son with Cuu An Rivers. At the northern part of Dinh Dao River, the Ba Thuy regulator is located.

• Trang Ky River (12.7 km): Located in Gia Thuan area; connects to Kim Son River. • An Tho River (4.6 km): A branch of the Cuu An - Cau Xe River, connecting to Luoc River.

In the An Tho River, An Tho sluice’s main purpose is to drain excess water from the BHH Scheme into Luoc River. Due to water scarcity An Tho River is also used for the intake of water during high tide.

Water resources The water resource supplied for the BHH-system in the dry season: the water is mainly taken from the Red River through Xuan Quan Intake, with a design discharge of 75 m3/s; corresponding with a water level of 1.85 m upstream and 1.75 m downstream. The actual water discharge taken through Xuan Quan Intake depends mainly on the water level of the Red River. In addition, water is taken back from Cau Xe River through the Cau Xe Sluice in the period of land preparation. Water use The main water users from the BHH-system are:

• agriculture; • industries and trade; • domestic water supply.

Agriculture Irrigated area, taking water from BHH Scheme: 111,056 ha, of which:


• by pumping: design 107,172 ha, in practice 85,621ha; • by gravity: 3,884 ha (estimated).

Irrigated area, taking water from outside rivers: 12,928 ha, of which:

• Duong River: design 8,155ha, in practice: 8,155 ha; • Luoc River: design 2.825 ha, in practice: 1.797 ha; • Thái Bình River: design 2.188ha, in practice 1.364 ha.

The total irrigated area is 81% of the design area (included water taken through drainage sluices Cau Xe and An Tho). Industries and Trade There are 189 industrial establishments in BHH area. Their water use is about 40,140 m3/day, of which 16 establishments are using surface water of 1,430 m3/day. The water sources used for these industries and trade firms are mainly from Kim Son, Cuu An, Thai Binh and Trang Ky Rivers. There are 25 trade villages, using 3,700 m3 water per day, of which 2 villages are using surface water of 80 m3/day, taking water from interior rivers as Cuu An and Dinh Dao. Domestic water supply Surface water used for domestic water supply in BHH area amounts 96,425 m3/day, of which 81,662 m3/day is taken from the BHH Scheme, make up 34.2% of the total domestic water use. Plan for domestic water supply Recently, the World Bank has funded for Red River Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project..In the first phase from 2008 till 2010, the project will benefit 800,000 people in 120 communes or 15 percent of the rural population in the four Red River provinces of Nam Dinh, Ninh Binh, Thai Binh and Hai Duong. Most of 50.1 million USD funded by WB for the first phase will be invested in building safe water supply systems, and the remainder will be used to educate people in changing their habits for hygienic lives and to encourage their involvement in monitoring project's implementation The second phase will continue from 2008 till 2013 to benefit 1.5 million people in 240 communes in the remaining eight Red River Delta provinces. Water source for domestic water supply in Communes of Hai Duong Province, under this project, is being taken from canals &rivers in BHH Scheme, such as water supply for 7816 peoples up to 2015 with capacity of 650 m3 /day, will be taken from Cuu An river in Chi Lang Bac Commune-Thanh Mien District –Hai Duong Province; for 4789 peoples up to 2020 with capacity of 1000 m3/day, will be taken from Dinh Dao river in Quang Hiep Commune-Tu Ky District-Hai Duong Province 4.5 Water quality

4.5.1 Sources and standards

Assessment of the water quality of BHH’s river system is based on data sources and standards for surface water. The following sources and standards are applicable. Sources for water quality data are (ref 6 and 7): Results of water quality analysis from 2005 to 2008 for the whole Bac Hung Hai System,

carried out by the Institute for Water and Environment - VN Academy for Water Resources under MARD.


Results of water quality analysis from 2005-2008 for the main rivers: Red River, Duong River, Thai Binh River and Luoc River from Annual Reports on the Status of the Environment 2005-2008, of DONRE

Standards for water quality assessment are (ref 8 and 9): Standard QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT: National Technical Regulation on Surface Water Quality for water for domestic use, for irrigation and for water ways and navigation:

Column A1&A2: raw water supply for domestic use; Column B1: irrigation; Column B2: water ways / navigation;

Standard TCVN 6774:2000: Fresh-water quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life. 4.5.2 Water quality assessment

The water quality assessment shows the following results: Red River at Xuan Quan Intake – before flowing into the BHH irrigation system: Most of the measured parameters are below the permissible levels, compared to the surface water standard for irrigation (column B1QCVN08-2008/BTNMT), however some parameters exceed the permissible levels if compared with the surface water standard for domestic water supply (Category A1-QCVN08:2008, column A1&A), such as SS=50.8-91.2mg/l (exceeding 2.5-4.5 times the permissible level); NH4

+=0.08-0.28mg/l (exceeding the permissible level 0-2.8 times); NO2-=0.01-

0.02mg/l (exceeding the permissible level 1-2 times). Conclusion: the water quality at Xuan Quan Intake meets the standard of surface water Category B1 for irrigation. Kim Son River The majority measured parameters are lower than the permissible levels, compared to column B1 QCVN 08-2008/BTNM T- surface water standard for irrigation, except for NH4

+, NO2-, and Coliform

exceeding 3.2-4.0 times the standards. Dien Bien River Water is polluted with NH4

+, NO2-, and Coliform in Dien Bien River, especially at Bang Ngang Lock

at the end of the river. Results of water quality analysis in April 2008 show that NO2- exceeded 4.0

times, NH4+ 2.7 times, and Coliform 3.2 times the standards for irrigation.

Tay Ke Sat River Water of Tay Ke Sat River is polluted slightly compared to other rivers in the BHH system. Most parameters are lower or approximately at permission level, except for NH4

+ and NO2-, exceeding

1.5-2.0 times the standards for irrigation water. Dinh Dao River Dinh Dao river water is polluted by Coliform, concentrations reaching 24000 MPN/100 ml and exceeding 3.2 times the standard. Other parameters are found below the permissible levels for irrigation water. Some constituents, as COD, NH4

+, and NO2- are approximately at permissible

levels for domestic water supply. So that, this river water fully meets the standard for irrigation water. Cuu An River Water from Cuu An River is heavily polluted with NH4

+, NO2- , Coliform, especially at Bang Ngang

Lock and Tong Hoa T-junction. Results from water quality analysis in July 2005 and April 2008 show that NO2

- exceeded 4-15 times, NH4+ 1.5-2.7 times and Coliform 2.0-3.2 times the water

standards for irrigation.


Drainage water quality Results of water quality analysis from July 2005 to April 2008 at Cau Xe and An Tho show that most of the measured parameters are lower than the permissible levels of the standard for irrigation water. This water source can be used for irrigation if the salinity level is appropriate. Industrial drainage water quality Water quality analysis results from some points receiving industrial wastewaters (July 2005 to April 2008) at Lac Cau Sluice, Cau Doc Bridge, Dai An, Binh Han pumping station, and Binh Lau sluice show that water at these measuring points were heavily polluted. At Dai An and Binh Han pumping station, COD (51.2-76.8mg/l) exceeded 1.7-2.6 times, and NH4

+ (22.7 -23.4mg/l) exceeded 45.4-46.8 times the permissible levels. At Lac Cau sluice NO2

- (0.24-1.76mg/l) exceeded 6-44 times its permissible level of the water standard for irrigation. In addition water is polluted slightly by heavy metals, such as As (0.003-0.007mg/l), Pb (0.003-0.008mg/l), and Cr (<0.001 mg/l), meaning that the heavy metals concentrations were still lower than the permissible levels, referring to column A1 – standard for surface water used for domestic water supply. Wastewater in handicraft villages Wastewaters in handicraft villages showed to be slightly polluted. Results from water quality analysis (July 2005 to April 2008) at the end of Tu Ho-Sai Thi River, where wastewater is received from processing activities of agricultural products in the zone of Khoai Chau-Van Giang, show NH4

+ (0.78-0.87mg/l) exceeding 1.56-1.74 times, NO2

- (0.08-0.58mg/l) exceeding 2-14.5 times, and SS (63.6-71.1mg/l) exceeding 1.27-1.42 times the water standards for irrigation. Agricultural and domestic wastewater Water quality analysis from July 2005 to April 2008 at Nhu Quynh Bridge, Chua Tong Sluice, Tra Phuong Sluice, Cau Ghe Bridge, Thach Khoi, Doan Thuong, Don, and Dong Trang Sluices show that wastewater is polluted heavily by Coliform and moderately by NH4

+, NO2- (Coliform=48000-

160000mg/l at Tra Phuong and Doan Thuong Sluices, exceeding 6.4-21.3 times the permissible level; NH4

+=1.4-1.82mg/l at Nhu Quynh Bridge and Chua Tong Sluice, exceeding 2.8-3.6 times the permissible level; NO2

-=1.15-1.3mg/l at Chua Tong Sluice, exceeding 2.3-2.6 times the permissible level of water standards for irrigation). Farmer in the area were warned that this water source could not be used to irrigate vegeTables.

4.5.3 Sources causing water pollution in BHH Schemes

Water quality analysis at points close by the estuary Salinity intrusion into the BHH system is assessed by water quality analyses at 5 locations: at Neo Sluice, Doc Bung Pumping Station, Cu Loc T-Junction, and Cau Xe and An Tho Outlets/Sluices. Results of the analyses show that the lowest level of electrical conductivity was found at An Tho Sluice (EC=375-778µs/cm) and the highest level at Cu Loc T-Junction. For chloride the lowest concentration was measured at An Tho (Cl-=10.78-52.2mg/l); the highest at Cu Loc T-Junction. The concentrations of most of the water quality parameters at these points are lower than the permissible level (column B1) of the surface water standards for irrigation.

There are several sources of pollution in the BHH area. The major sources are mentioned below. Industries: There are 189 industrial enterprises in the area of the BHH Scheme, of which 158 are located along the National High Way No 5. Six districts have no industries (ref.10): Gia Binh, Luong Tai (Bac Ninh Province), An Thi, Khoai Chau (Hung Yen Province), Thanh Mien, and Tu Ky (Hai Duong Province).


Table 4-1 Number of industries in Bac Hung Hai Scheme, 2007

Province Number of industries in 2004 Number of established industries 2004-2007

number rate % number rate % Hung Yen 165 35.03 115 40.78 Hai Duong 90 19.11 53 18.79 Bac Ninh 17 3.61 14 4.96 Ha Noi 199 42.25 100 35.46

Total 471 100 282 100 The total volume of industrial wastewater discharging into the BHH Scheme is 38,030 m3/day, of which 14,294 m3/day into Kim Son River (37.6%), 10,086 m3/day into Ban River (26.5%), and 7,100 m3/day into Cuu An river (14.4%). Survey results of 71 industries indicated that 16 had no waste water treatment facility (26.5%); only 6 industries had class 3 treatment (8.5%; chemical-physical combined with biological method; mainly joint ventures), the remaining industries treated with deposition tanks (43.7%) or biological tanks (16.9%). Trade Villages: In the BHH Scheme there are 25 handicraft villages, of which 11 in Hung Yen Province, 10 in Hai Duong Province, 3 in Bac Ninh Province and 1 in Gia Lam District-Hanoi Province. The handicraft villages count ten to hundred households, working in various sectors like starch processing, confection, sedge matting, copper casting, butchering, and plastic reprocessing. The total wastewater volume of the trade villages is 3,700 m3/day, of which 3,280 m3/day (89%) discharges into the BHH Scheme. None of the handicraft villages have a waste water treatment system; domestic and process wastewater discharges directly into the water bodies of the BHH-Scheme. Domestic wastewater

Table 4-2 Domestic wastewater in provinces in the area of BHH Scheme, 2007

: The total domestic wastewater volume is 191,961 m3/day, of which 138,525 m3/day (72,2%) discharge into the BHH Scheme.

Province Domestic wastewater (m3/day)

Domestic wastewater discharged in BHH Scheme (m3/day)

Domestic wastewater 2004 - 2007

volume (m3/day)

rate %

Hung Yen 77, 401 59, 843 2045 8.89 Hai Duong 69, 948 55, 958 9542 41.51 Bac Ninh 23,853 19,082 554 2.42 Ha Noi 34,571 26,637 10,845 47.18

Total 205,777 161,512 22,987 100.00 Survey results of the Water Resources Research Institute (ref. 6) revealed that Gia Lam District-Hanoi discharges most of the domestic wastewater into the BHH Scheme (11.4%), after that follow the Districts Khoai Chau, Tu Loc, Gia Loc, and Ninh Giang (5.5-6.6%). Cau Bay River receives most of the waste water with 13,504 m3/day. River segments Sai Thi –Bang Ngang, Bang Ngang-Tong Hoa, Tong Hoa-Cu Loc of Cuu An River receive less wastewaters, namely about 1000 m3/day.


Pesticides and fertilizers: The total amount of fertilizers used in the BHH Scheme (2004) is 172,000 tons, of which 156,500 tons is used for rice and 15,700 tons for vegeTables and crops (ref. 6). Fertilize use level The areas where more than 2000 kg/ha of fertilizers were used included 8 districts: Phu Cu, Ninh Giang, Gia Loc, Cam Giang (Hai Duong), Luong Tai (Bac Ninh), Van Lam, Yen My (Hung Yen), and Gia Lam (Hanoi) District. In 9 Districts 1500-2000 kg/ha were used: Hai Duong City, Thanh Mien, Binh Giang (Hai Duong, Hung Yen Town, Tien Lu, My Hao, An Thi, Khoai Chau, Van Giang, and Kim Dong (Hung Yen) District. Less than 1500 kg/ha of fertilizers were used in 3 Districts: Thuan Thanh, Gia Binh, (Bac Ninh) and Tu Ky (Hai Duong) District. Fertilize supply sources There are two main sources for fertilizers: the first source is state supply under cooperative service, making up for 24.8-27.2%. The second source comes from Individuals, accounting for 72.8-75.2%, mainly used in My Hao, An Thi and Yen My Districts – Hai Duong Province without state control. Pesticides use level The area where more than 15 kg/ha/year of pesticides is used is only Ninh Giang District - Hai Duong Province. In 8 Districts 10-15 kg/ha/year is used: Cam Giang, Thanh Mien, Binh Giang (Hai Duong Province), My Hao, An Thi, Van Giang (Hung Yen Province), Luong Tai (Bac Ninh Province) and Gia Lam (Ha Noi City). Less than 10 kg/ha/year of pesticides was used in 12 Districts: Gia Loc, Hai Duong City, Tu Ky (Hai Duong Province), Hung Yen City, Tien Lu, Van Lam, Kim Dong, Phu Cu, Yen My, Khoai Chau (Hung Yen Province), Gia Binh, and Thuan Thanh (Bac Ninh Province). Pesticides supply sources There are two main sources for pesticides: the first source is state supply under cooperative service, making up 24.8-26.2% of the total volume. The second source comes from Individuals. Accounting for 73.8-75.2% of the total volume, mainly used in Tien Lu, Van Lam (Hung Yen Province), Gia Binh, and Thuan Thanh Districts (Bac Ninh Province). Yen My, An Thi, and My Hao Districts (Hung Yen Province) are without state control. Hospital Wastewater

Table 4-3 Volumes of waste waters after types of industries in BHH Scheme, 2007.

: There are 26 hospitals and medical centres with 3035 beds (survey results 2004) in the area of the BHH Scheme The volume of hospital wastewaters discharged into the BHH Scheme is 808 m3/day, making up 90.8% of the total volume of hospital wastewater. Mostly, the hospital wastewaters are not treated but discharged directly into canals. Up to now wastewater is only treated for two hospitals in Gia Lam District (capacity 129 m3/day), making up 14.5% of the total volume of hospital wastewater. Hospital wastewater are discharged into the Cuu An, Cau Bay, and Dien Bien Rivers, each river receiving 15-20% of the total volume of hospital wastewater.

Source Volume (m3/day) Volume of increasing domestic wastewater period 2004-2007

m3/day % m3/day % Domestic 205,773 27.79 22,987 35.46 Industry 80,784 70.84 41,837 64.54 Trade Village 3,280 1.13 0 0 Hospital 808 0.28 0 0

Total 290,645 100 64,824 100


Results of water quality tests of surface waters in the BHH-Scheme is presented in Table 4-4 (ref. 7). The following notes are applicable: * Industrial wastewater. ** Domestic and agricultural wastewater. *** National Technical Regulation on Surface Water Quality. Column A1: for domestic water supply. Column B1: for irrigation and navigation and other users with low water quality requirements. Int: Intake. Sl: Sluice.


Table 4-4 Water quality results of surface water in the BHH Scheme, April 2008.

No Parameter Unit

Location ***QCVN 08 :2008

Xuan Quan Int

Kenh Cau Sl

Bang Ngang Sl

Cong Tranh Sl

Ba Thuy Sluice

Cong Neo Sl

Cau Xe Outlet

*Binh Han PS **Tra Phuong

Sl Column A1

Column B1

River Red Kim Son Dien Bien Tay Ke

Sat Dinh Dao Cuu An Cau Xe

Discharged to Thai Binh

Discharged to Cuu An

1 T C0 28,30 28,40 28,4 27,70 27,90 28,30 27,80 28,3 27,90 2 pH - 7,39 7,38 7,42 7,49 7,42 7,51 7,38 7,28 7,41 6.0-8.5 5.5-9.0 3 DO mg/l 7,26 2,56 3,52 5,54 5,60 5,34 6,62 2,72 3,36 >6 >4 4 Turbidity NTU 19,86 13,28 56,00 35,12 62,00 7,04 33,49 37,25 15,03 5 EC ms/cm 274,00 515 432 766 481 572 653 1720 705 6 SS mg/l 50,83 30,88 103,10 55,71 87,63 31,93 54,56 40,33 28,04 20 50 7 Cl- mg/l 4,71 25,59 19,53 13,47 27,62 29,64 43,11 160,24 43,11 250 600 8 SO4

2- mg/l 19,00 28,38 22,78 21,36 31,18 44,66 73,95 30,24 34,54 9 Ca mg/l 26,26 30,15 33,10 28,36 26,60 35,47 31,92 49,87 44,34

10 Mg mg/l 4,30 9,70 5,40 4,30 12,91 11,84 13,99 18,26 10,76 11 Na+ mg/l 5,05 37,90 12,15 18,72 12,51 19,18 21,58 78,12 20,18 12 Fe mg/l 0,18 0,36 0,36 0,24 0,60 0,10 0,24 0,71 0,24 13 NO2

- mgN/l 0,02 0,16 0,16 0,08 0,02 0,02 0,06 <0,01 0,02 0.01 0.04 14 NO3

- mgN/l 0,34 0,22 0,58 0,40 0,24 0,12 0,40 <0,01 0,10 2 10 15 NH4

+ mgN/l 0,18 3,85 1,23 0,84 0,31 0,07 0,31 22,68 0,45 0.1 0.5 16 PO4

3- mg/l 0,08 0,24 <0,01 0,02 0,10 0,04 0,66 1,83 0,04 0.1 0.3 17 K+ mg/l 4,37 8,20 4,96 5,05 5,12 5,77 5,70 17,89 9,12 18 COD mgO2/l 5,60 9,60 10,40 9,60 6,40 16,80 10,40 76,80 12,80 19 Coliform MPN/100ml 680,00 79000 24000 7600 24000 56000 5400 13000 92000 2500 7500 20 Cl.Perfrigen KL/10ml 0 80 20 0 10 100 20 80 40 21 Colour Brown Brown Light br Light br Light br Pale bl Light br Inky black Pale blue 22 Odour No No No No No No No Bad odour No odour 23 Humidity % 75 75 76 75 75 76 75 75 74

Source Research Institute of Water Resources-Water quality monitoring for Bac Hung Hai Irrigation & Drainaage System


General Comments The following general comments can be made:

• The quality of water in the main canals and rivers in the BHH-system do not meet the standards for domestic water supply.

• The water quality in most canals and rivers meet the standard for irrigation water, except in some cases where the parameters NO2

-, NH4+, and Coliform are higher permited level.

• BHH’s rivers and canals have signals of heavy metal pollution such metals As, Pb However their concentration is almost still lower than the permitted levels.

• The number of industries and the volume of wastewater have increased in the BHH area.. Consequently, results of water quality measurement from 2004-2007 indicate that contamination in this area is increasing, especially for Nitrite (N02-), ammonia (NH4+), and micro-organism.

• The level of water pollution in the main rivers and canals ranges from high to low. Kim Son River is seriously polluted, more than Cuu An, Dinh Dao, Dien Bien, and Tay Ke Sat Rivers.

4.6 Groundwater

4.6.1 Groundwater use

According to reports on the status of groundwater (ref. 13), BHH area’s reserves are abundant. At present, groundwater is mainly used for industrial, rural and urban domestic water supply. The capacity is 11200 m3/day for Hai Duong City, about 30000 m3/day for Hung Yen Province, and 45000 m3/day for Gia Lam District (depth 40-120m; Table 4-5). Table 4-5 Water supply stations in BHH area

No Water Sources Capacity m3/day

Source

Hung Yen 1 Hung Yen 1 2000 Groundwater 2 Hung Yen 2 5000 Groundwater 3 Hung Yen General Hospital 750 Groundwater 4 Export Canned Fruits 960 Groundwater 5 Hung Yen Plastic 1500 Groundwater Hai Duong

6 Cam Thuong 21000 Surface water 7 Viet Hoa 10200 Groundwater 8 Hai Tan 1000 Groundwater Gia Lam

9 Gia Lam 30000 Groundwater 10 Sai Dong 15000 Groundwater

4.6.2 Groundwater quality

In general, the groundwater quality in BHH’s area is still good, except at some locations are contaminated with organic substances and heavy metals (handicraft village’s) and salinity is high in Gia Binh and Luong Tai Districts - Bac Ninh Province (ref. 8).


Hung Yen Province Results of 10 analysed groundwater samples show that concentrations of pH, hardness, and TDS are lower than the permitted levels, QCVN 09:2008 - National Technical Regulation on Underground water. Concentration of NaCl (0.1-1.0 mg/l) is high in Hung Yen City, Phu Cu, and An Thi Districts and relatively low in Nhu Quynh Town (Van Lam District). The concentration of Fe exceeds 2-6 times the permissible value; Mn exceeds 7-16 times, and Coliform 4-8 times the permissible level, compared to the ground water standard for domestic use (Table 3-6). Hai Duong Most of the parameters are within permissible levels, except concentrations of Fe and Mn at some locations. In Hai Duong City parameters exceed the ground water standards for domestic use (Table 4-6). Bac Ninh Groundwater in this handicraft village is polluted by organic substances and heavy metals. Salinity is high in Gia Binh and Luong Tai Districts.

Gia Lam District - Ha Noi Province The groundwater is contaminated with heavy metals, like As, Mn and Fe and high concentrations of NH4

+. A number of constituents exceed the permissible levels: Arsenic (39.7%), Manganese (81.5%), Iron (70.8%), and Ammonia (33.8%) in the dry season.


Table 4-6 Water quality results of groundwater in the BHH Scheme, 2004.

Hung Yen Hai Duong Parameter Unit QCVN 09

2008 Well Tho

Hoang-An Thi

Well Phu Cu -DPC

Well Hung Yen

Hospital

An Vu Hung Yen WTP

Well Khoai Chau TPC

Tu Ky District

Ninh Giang District

Gia Loc District

Thanh Mien

District

Binh Giang District

Hai Duong Inner City

pH 5.5-8.5 6.8 6.71 6.87 6.8 6.78 5.5 6.82 5.1 5.2 5.7 Hardness (CaCO3)

mg/l 500 110 220 300 210 100 500 134 51

TDS mg/l 1500 166 630 622 419 210 EC µS/cm 612 1629 1345 960 435 140 60 20 200 20

Salinity mg/l 0.3 0.8 1.0 0.5 0.2 0..07 0.03 0.01 0.12 0.01 0.4 COD mg/l 4.0 1.0 0.7 1.2 0.7 0.67 NH4 mg/l 0.1 0.03 0.03 0.01 1.050 0.11 Fe mg/l 0.01 20.2 24.84 17.33 0.015 11.12 0.02 0.03 0 0.02 0.01 55.0 Mn mg/l 0.5 4.057 8.045 5.011 0.046 3.054 0.022 0.002 0.06 0.007 0.001 2.0 Pb mg/l 0.01 0.025 0.031 0.014 0.003

Cr6+ mg/l 0.05 Cd mg/l 0.005 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 As mg/l 0.05 0.01 0.004 0.003 0.007 Zn mg/l 3.0 0.06 0 0.13 0.02 0 0.02 Cu mg/l 1.0 0.06 0 0 0.15 0 0.03

Coliform MPN/100 ml 3 25 10 13 0 14 Faecal

Coliform MPN/100 ml Not

detected 0 0 0 0 0


4.7 Air Quality and Noise

Results of air quality monitoring in Hung Yen, Hai Duong, and Bac Ninh Provinces and Gia Lam District - Ha Noi Province, show that the air in BHH area is polluted heavily at various locations, receiving contaminants from various pollution sources. The sources of air pollution in BHH area are mainly:

• Industrial production activities, including production of construction materials, thermo electric products, and food and agricultural processing industries.

• Vehicle transportation. • Construction activities. • Handicraft village activities, including porcelain-pottery, fine arts and crafts, repair shops

and the production of mechanical products.

The air quality can be described as follows (Table 3-7; ref. 10):

• The concentration of dust (TSP) and the noise levels in the rural areas are within the permissible levels, except for Phan Dinh Phung - Nguyen Thien Thuat Crossroads. TSP exceeded at this location 4-5 times and noise 1.1-1.5 times the permissible levels (TCVN 5937-2005).

Hung Yen Province

• Concentrations of toxic air constituents, like SO2, NO2-, CO, and CO2 are within permissible

levels; except for the CO-concentration at To Hieu-Dien Bien Crossroad, which was 2.7 times the permissible level. At most observed locations, the concentration of CO2 exceeded 3.2-3.8 times the permissible level.

• The concentration of dust (TSP) and the noise level at the main roads and streets exceed 1.2-1.7 times the permissible levels (TCVN 5937-2005).

Hai Duong Province

• Concentration of SO2, NO2-, and CO are within permissible levels, except at some

residential areas at the north side of Binh Han ward. The south side of Ngoc Chau and Tu Minh Communes are near industrial establishments. The air quality there is poor and parameters exceed several times the permissible levels.

• The noise at most locations are within the permissible level. Bac Ninh Province

• Concentration of dust (TSP) exceeded 1.1-1.3 times the permissible level. • Concentrations of SO2 and NO2

- in handicraft village exceed the permissible levels: 3.2-4.9 times for SO2 and 2.5-3.7 times for NO2

-.

Figure 4-1: Air pollution examples In Dai Bai Handicraft Village - Gia Binh District-Bac Ninh Province. Right: Air pollution in Man Xa metal recycling plant, Thuan Thanh District, Bac Ninh Province.


Table 4-7 Air quality in Bac Hung Hai Area Location Province TPS SO2

NO2- CO CO2 Noise

mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 %V dBA

Phu Cu DPC Hung Yen 0.22 0.025 0.050 1.15 71

To Hieu-Dien Bien crossroads 0.27 0.30 0.050 13.45 85

Nguyen Thien Thuat-Phan Dinh Phung crossroads

1.58 0.125 0.08 2.30 86

Khoai Chau Town 0.36 0.075 0.03 2.30 72

Hai Duong Inner City Hai Duong 0.29 0.20 0.060 9.0 72

Tu Ky 0.20 0.136 0.056 8.0 70

Thanh Mien 0.19 0.140 0.056 7.0 69

Gia Loc 0.20 0.150 0.005 7.0 69

Man Xa Handicraft Village, Yen Phong District

Bac Ninh

0.365 1.613 0.725 105 72

Quang Bo Handicraft Village, Luong Tai District

0.75 0.525 0.600 180 74

Gia Lam Town Hanoi 0.80 0.092 0.043 1.67

Bat Trang Handicraft Village 0.90 0.70 55

TCVN 5937-2005, air quality - ambient air quality standard

average 1 hour 0.3 0.350 0.200 30 1

TCVN 5949-1998, standard, acoustics - noise in public and residential areas, maximum permitted noise level

6-18 hours 75

Source Report on Status of Environment of Hung Yen, Hai Duong, Bac Ninh, Hanoi Provinces in 2006-2007


4.8 Ecological Resources and Sites of Archaeological Significance

4.8.1 Protected areas, endangered species, forests and ecosystems

Protected areas, endangered species At the BHH Project Area, there are no officially recognised nature reserves or protected areas. A forest area has been proposed at Con Son-Kiep Bac Cultural and Historical Site (1477 ha), which has been approved by The Government. The Site is located in Cong Hoa, Le Loi, Tran Hung Dao Communes (Chi Linh District, Hai Duong Province) about 40 km from Hai Duong City. There are no data on rare and endangered species in BHH area. Only scarce quantitative data are available for inland aquatic ecosystems in Vietnam; the extent of the deterioration of freshwater biodiversity is still poorly known. However, there are indicators showing that many species are in danger of extinction or becoming rare. Listed in the Red Book 2002 are 6 wetland waterfowl birds, and furthermore species of 24 reptiles, 14 amphibian, 37 fish, 19 molluscs, and 1 freshwater insect. Forests and ecosystems The project area has only a small forest area of 42.2 ha in Gia Binh District (Bac Ninh Province), comprising 0.02% of the total BHH area. Hai Duong and Bac Ninh Provinces and Gia Lam District (Hanoi City) have no forests. Agriculture is the main economic activity, covering 66.1% (2008) of the area. The terrestrial ecosystem of BHH area comprises mainly a wet rice ecosystem. The aquatic ecosystem of BHH area is an inland ecosystem, including 4 main river ecosystems bordering the BHH area. These are the Red River, the Duong, Thai Binh and Luoc Rivers and 5 main inner rivers: Kim Son, Dien Bien, Tay Ke Sat, and Cuu An Rivers. 4.8.2 Flora and fauna

Data on flora and fauna are limited in BHH area. According to the Report on “Vietnam Environment Monitor-Water-2003”, in general the freshwaters of Vietnam are rich in flora and fauna biodiversity, including species of fish, shrimp, crabs, snails, mussels, amphibians, insects and plants. In different fresh water systems, there are about totally 20 species of freshwater weeds, 1402 species of algae; 782 of invertebrates; 544 of fish species and 52 species of crabs. In the past, the freshwaters of the BHH area had a rich flora and fauna biodiversity, but they are now degraded. The main reason is the change in the hydrological regime of the river systems, due to construction of dams for irrigation and hydropower. This caused a loss of migrating routes for many species, like the Clupanodon Thrissa in the Red River and eels in various other rivers. In addition, pollution of river water has also adversely affected aquatic flora and fauna habitats. There are no data available about common plants and trees in the Project Area. In the agricultural system the main crops are: rice, maize, sweet potato, cassava, peanuts and vegeTables. Also about aquatic flora there are no data available. Through field visits it is evident that water hyacinth is dominant in canals and in small rivers. The main activity in the Project Area is agriculture; thus the fauna is dominated by poultry and livestock, like chicken, duck, goose, buffalo, cow and pig (Table 4-8). Table 4-8 Numbers of livestock and poultry in BHH Area, 2007

District/Town/Commune Livestock Poultry buffalo cow pig

Whole BHH Area 9,659 111,397 1,135,791 12,681,958 Hai Duong 6,660 30,685 600,510 3,389,310 Hung Yen 2,078 50,697 341,060 5,582,000 Bac Ninh 840 20,159 141,696 1,430,600 Hanoi 81 9,856 52,525 2,280,048


4.8.3 Fisheries

The total water area that could serve for aquaculture in BHH area is estimated at 13712 ha in 2007, of which 4451 ha at Hung Yen, 2608 ha at Bac Ninh, 6500 ha at Hai Duong, and 153 ha at Gia Lam District (Hanoi City). Feed fishes are mainly carp. In recent years, several high class households invested to feed valuable species as tortoise, field ell, and snake head. 4.8.4 Sites of Archaeological Significance

There are no officially recognised national historical-cultural sites located in BHH’s Sub-Project Areas, However, there are two sites recognized as National Historical-Cultural Vestiges in the region: one in Hai Duong Province (outside the Project Area) and one in Thuan Thanh District (Bac Ninh Province) inside the area of the BBH-Scheme (Fig. 4-2): Con Son-Kiep Bac Historical-Cultural Site Con Son-Kiep Bac Cultural and Historical Site is located in Cong Hoa, Le Loi and Hung Dao Communes (Chi Linh District, Hai Duong Province) about 45 km north from Hai Duong City. The Site was established to mark the birthplace of the national hero Nguyen Trai, one of Vietnam’s most famous poets and writers, who lived from 1380 to 1442. His home town was Con Son and he lived there until 1400 when he went to work for the Ho Dynasty. He often mentioned the site in his poems and stories and returned to Con Son from 1437 to 1438. The main pagoda at the site was built to commemorate him. There is a second pagoda at the site, the Sinh Pagoda, which marks the birthplace of the national hero Uy Cong, who died fighting the Chinese. The Sinh Pagoda was built in the 11th Century by King Ly Thai Tong and was restored in the late 19th and early 20th Centuries. At that time its name was changed to Mau Pagoda in commemoration of Uy Cong's mother, Hoang Thi Ba. Mao Dien Dong Communal House Mao Dien Dong Communal House is located in Dong Village (Mao Dien Commune, Thuan Thanh District) about 7 km west from the proposed Phu My Pumping Station. The Site is a place to worship three generals with family name Chu. Mao Dien Dong Communal House was designed after the Dinh letter type (Chinese Character). The Communal House is not only a place for worship, but also a place to store valuable scientific and historical relics.

Con Son-Kiep Bac-National Historical-Cultural Vestige-Cong Hoa Commune-Chi Linh District-Hai Duong Province

Mao Dien Dong Temple-National Historical –Cultural Vestige-Mao Dien Commune-Thuan Thanh District-Bac Ninh Province

http://images.google.com.vn/imgres?imgurl=http://www.vietnamtours.com.vn/vietnam/data/con son 2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.vietnamtours.com.vn/vietnam/detail/347.html&usg=__9Ae6mieGLy0zbl--rgeihI7RIhM=&h=301&w=400&sz=238&hl=fr&start=15&um=1&tbnid=udGIahgamqeyBM:&tbnh=93&tbnw=124&prev=/images?q=CON+SON-KIEP+BAC&hl=fr&sa=X&um=1�


But Thap Pagoda-Dinh To Commune-Thuan Thanh Distict-Bac Ninh Province

Chu Dong Tu-Tien Dung Temple- Binh Minh Commune-Khoai Chau District-Hung Yen Province

Figure 4-2 Historical/cultural sites and temples/pagodas near Sub-Project areas. In addition, there are pagodas and temples at a distance 1-9 km from the proposed Sub-Project areas (Table 4-9), of which the closest is the But Thap Pagoda, situated 1 km south of Phu My Pumping Station. Table 4-9 Pagodas and temples situated near Sub-Project areas

No Pagoda/Temple Province District Commune / Village

Pagoda / Temple

near

Estimated distance* from

Sub-Project area 1 But Thap Pagoda Bac Ninh Thuan

Thanh But Thap-Dinh To

Phu My PS 1 km to the south

2 Dong Coc Communal House

Dong Coc-Ha Man

3 km to the south

3 Binh Ngo Temple Binh Ngo-An Binh

5.5 km to the southeast

4 Lam Cau Communal House

Lam Cau-Hoai Thuong

6 km to the east

5 Mao Dien Dong Communal House National Historical-Cultural Vestige

Dong-Mao Dien 7 km to the east

6 Dau Pagoda Khuong Tu – Thanh Khuong

3 km to the southeast

7 Chu Dong Tu-Tien Dung Temple

Hung Yen

Khoai Chau

Da Hoa-Binh Minh

Nghi Xuyen PS

9 km to the north

8 Quat Temple Hai Duong

Gia Loc Ha Bi-Yet Kieu Doan Thuong PS

4.5 km to the northwest

Note Distance estimated from BHH Irrigation Scheme Map, scale 1: 75000


4.9 Human and economic development

4.9.1 Population

The total population of the BHH-Scheme Area was 2,927,140 in 2007, of which Hung Yen Province had 39,53% (1,156,465), Hai Duong Province 33.35%, Bac Ninh Province 12.28%, and Hanoi Province 14.84%. When differentiated by gender, the female population (51.6%) appeared to be larger than the male population (48.4%)(Table 4-10). Table 4-10 The population in BHH Scheme, 2007*

Province

Population

Area (km2)

Density (persons/

km2)

Urban

Rural

total male female Hai Duong 976,438 476,070 500,368 800.9 1219 177,185 799,253 Hung Yen 1,156,465 557,427 599,038 923.45 1252 120,710 1,035,755 Bac Ninh 359,737 171,838 187,899 331.4 1085 27,138 332,599 Hanoi (Gia Lam &Long Bien)

434,500 211,646 222,854 174.32 2493 284,492 150,008

Total 2,927,140 1,416,981 1,510,159 2230** 1312 609,525 2,317,615 Source Provincial Yearly Statistical Book 2007. * Population of Hai Duong included 7 cities; Districts Bac Ninh 3 Districts, Hanoi: Gia Lam & Long Bien Districts.

**: Area of BHH-Scheme includes the area outside the dykes. 4.9.2 Economic development

For the period 2005-2007, the economy of BHH’s area grew at an average annual rate of 11-15%. In this period, the industry sector made the highest contribution, averaging 41-45% annually. The service sector was second with 30-55% and the agricultural sector contributed with 2-29%, see Table 4-11 below. Table 4-11 Structure of the economical sector in the Provinces of the BHHScheme.

Province 2005 2006 2007 Hai Duong - Agriculture, forest and fishery 27.1 26.8 25.5 - Industry and construction 43.6 43.7 44.0 - Services 29.3 29.5 30.5 Hung Yen - Agriculture, forest and fishery 30.5 27.7 28.9 - Industry and construction 38.0 40.2 41.1 - Services 31.5 32.5 30.0 Bac Ninh - Agriculture, forest and fishery 26.3 21.3 18.6 - Industry and construction 45.9 49.5 51.0 - Services 27.8 29.2 30.4 Ha Noi - Agriculture, forest and fishery 1.6 1.4 1.3 - Industry and construction 40.8 41.2 41.2 - Services 57.6 57.4 57.5

Source Provincial Yearly Statistical Book 2007.


4.9.3 Income, employment and poverty incidence

The per capita monthly income in the BHH-Project Area in 2007 averages between 557000-900000 VND, Hung Yen Province having the lowest and Hanoi having the highest income. In the Project area, in Long Bien-Hanoi, most of the income is generated in services and businesses. In Hai Duong, Hung Yen, Bac Ninh Province, most of the households earn their living from agricultural production. There is a difference in per capita monthly income between urban and rural areas: 700000-1200000 VND for urban areas and 540000-650000 VND for rural areas. In Hai Duong, the types of economic activities in which the labourers work are: 64.2% in agriculture, forest and fishery; 19.8% in industry and construction and 16% in services. These data are not available for Hung Yen and Bac Ninh Provinces and Gia Lam-Hanoi City. The number of people in the working age (2007) in the BHH-Project Area make up 60-63% of the total population. Using the new standard set by MOLISA in 2007, percentages of poverty incidence averages between 7,72-13.4%. The percentages are as follows: in Hai Duong 13.4%; in Hung Yen 9.2%, and in Hanoi 8.43%. Bac Ninh has the lowest poverty incidence, namely 7.72%. 4.9.4 Land use

The status of land use in the Project Area is presented in Table 4-12. Table 4-12 Status of land use in the Project Area, 2007.

District/Commune/ Town

Total physical area (ha)

Agricultural land (ha) Unused

land (ha)

Remaining land

total yearly crops

forest

Hai Duong 80,090 52,522 43,445 0 0 27,568 Hung Yen 92,345.25 60,101.40 51,574.58 0 512.32 31,731.53 Bac Ninh 33,140 20,819 18,262 42.4 0 12,278.6 Gia Lam-Hanoi 17,432 4959.8 4622.6 0 0 12,473

4.9.5 Education and health

Owing to a policy of compulsory primary level education and the presence of competent teachers and sufficient numbers of schools, the literacy rate in the Provinces at the Red River delta in general, and the BHH-Project Area in particular, is high: 97-98%. According to the results of the Project Preparation Team’s (PPT) social survey, the education levels of Hung Yen Province are: 3.15% illiterate, 20.3% only primary level, 35.43% secondary level, 15.74% high level, and 25.6% above high level. The data are not available for Hanoi, Hai Duong, and Bac Ninh Provinces (social surveys in progress of PPT Social Team). According to the Statistical Year Book 2007 (ref. 16), there are 2 general hospitals at provincial level (Hung Yen and Hai Duong), 21 general clinics in 21 districts and commune medical stations in BHH area, with in total 5765 beds, of which in Bac Ninh 460, in Hai Duong 2227, in Hung Yen 2355, and in Gia Lam-Hanoi 723. A Program of Expanded Immunization for children is carried out in the whole BHH area, to prevent diseases as Tuberculosis, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Polio and Measles.


4.9.6 Access to water supply

In BHH’s area, about 70-75 % of the households have access to clean water from various water sources. These water sources are mainly small scale water supply centres, or hand dug wells and drilled wells. Only a small percentage of the households have access to piped water supply; an average of 8-13%. A number of communes have a purified water supply system, making up 12.8% in Bac Ninh, 4.9.7 Sanitation and solid waste management

Wastewater: Domestic wastewaters and wastewater from industries, like food processing and handicraft facilities, are discharged directly, without sufficient treatment, to ponds, lakes and irrigation/drainage canals, contaminating the local surface waters. A number of communes have a common sewage and drainage system (76% in Bac Ninh Province). Solid waste: a number of communes have an organized system or use hired labour to collect solid waste (2006: 70-75%). In the rural BHH areas, the households that have latrines average between 98.3-99.9%, of which septic tanks takes 13.1-49.5%. The double vault composting latrine is popular in Vietnam in the rural areas (use 54-72%); flush latrines make up 1.06-5.6%. The models of latrines classified as hygienic, include flush septic tanks, pour flush latrines, and hygienically maintained double vault composting latrines. The percentage of households without latrines is 0.01-1,7%. 4.9.8 Drainage and Flood control

The drainage and flood control works of in BHH-Scheme, include drainage canals and dike systems. Drainage canal system In most of the main canals silt has been deposited, because of inflow from the Red River, containing sediment, The volume of sediment accumulating in the system every year is high, resulting in large amounts that should be dredged annually. Other canals need to be dredged once in every 5-10 years. Costs for dredging the canal are therefore high. Flood control system The total lengths of the dikes of the outside rivers is 240.40 km, of which: In Bac Ninh Province:

- length of the right bank of the Duong River 38 km; - length of the right bank of the Thái Bình River 9.68 km. - In Hai Duong Province: - length of the left bank of the Luoc River: 32 km; - length of the right bank of the Thái Bình River: 45 km. - In Hung Yen Province: - length of the left bank of the Red River: 56.16 km; - length of the outside dike of the Nghi Xuyên River: 2.85 km; - length of the left bank of the Luộc River: 20.7 km. - Hanoi City: - length of the left bank of the Red River: 29.11 km; - length of the right bank of the Red river: 21.45 km.


The total lengths of the dikes of inside rivers is 244.92 km, of which: - Kim Son-Dinh Dao River: 91.598 km; - Cuu An River: 61.5 km; - Dien Bien River: 25 km; - Tay Ke Sat River: 20.2 km; - Sat River: 13.1 km; - Nam Ke Sat River: 10.74 km; - Trang Ky-Luong Tai River: 22.78 km.

4.9.9 Flooding and water logging situation

In recent years, flooding situation in BHH area has trend to increase. The main reasons are BHH scheme was degraded and silted which are caused by inadequate operation and

maintain which is resulted in decreasing the drainage capacity. In recent years, it has appeared that precipitation level is higher than drainage capacity

design, about 10% Water level of external rivers, Red, Duong, Luoc rivers, especially Thai Binh river, has

trend to increase in raining season such as water level of Duong and Thai Binh rivers is often higher than flooding alarm level grade 3.

Water-logging occurs frequently, especially during heavy rains & high water level in external rivers such as in 2004, when there was serious inundation for 62,062 ha resulting in serious damages to the agricultural & industrial sectors.

Table 4-13 Water-logging situation in BHH area in ha

Location 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Hải Dương Hưng Yên Bắc Ninh Hà Nội

9,786 2,065 2,100

0

2,690 0

1,210 0

8,173 600

4,592 0

25,219 25,751 1,,092

0

7,032 0 0 0

Total water logging area 13,951 3,900 13,365 62,062 7,032 4.9.10 The situation of industrial and domestic wastewater discharging to the system

As mention above, The total volume of industrial wastewater discharging into the BHH Scheme is 38,030 m3/day, According to survey results of 71 industries, 16 industries have no wastewater treatment facilities (26.5%); only 6 industries have comprehensive wastewater treatment facilities, , grade 3 with chemical-physical combined with biological method (8.5%); the remaining industries only have simple treatment with deposition tanks (43.7%) or biological tanks (16.9%).

The total amount of domestic wastewater is 138,525 m3/day which is being discharged into the BHH Scheme. Most of domestic wastewater discharged into the BHH scheme is initially or without treated 4.9.11 Waterborne Diseases

Waterborne diseases in BHH area included diarrhoea, trachoma, allergy, gynaecology, parasitic worm and others. A waterborne diseases survey in An Thanh-Tu Xuyen Communes-Tu Ky District-Hai Duong Province is described in Bellow Table 4-14.


Table 4-14 Waterborne diseases in An Thanh-Tu Xuyen Communes-Tu Ky District-Hai Duong Province.

Waterborne Diseases An Thanh Commune Tứ Xuyên Commune Number of HHs

% Number of HHs

%

Diarrhoe 125 55,8 51 33.6

Allergy 136 60.7 40 26.3 Trachoma 179 79.9 86 56.6 Gynaecology 55 24.6 56 36.8 Parastic worms 51 22.8 21 13.8 Skin disease ( scabies, Ring worm...) 8 3.6 8 5.3

Source Rural Water Supply Subproject of An Thanh-Tu Xuyen Communes-Tu Ky District-Hai Duong Province (Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project of Hai Duong –Phase 3)


5 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

5.1 Introduction

Although the Project is the Bac Hung Hai Irrigation and Drainage Scheme, the various Sub-Projects are all in fact construction and (technical) rehabilitation projects. This is the reason that especially the guidelines for infrastructure and urban development were utilised to assess the potential environmental impacts and mitigation measures. Activities and processes, related to construction projects, may result in significant negative impacts to the environment. Potential adverse environmental impacts have been identified, which might originate from the proposed BHH Sub-Projects. These potential adverse environmental impacts are presented in Tables 4-1 to 4-9. In these Tables impacts are described on the physical-biological environment and on the socio-economic environment. Only potential realistic impacts are presented. The presented environmental impacts in the Tables do not suggest that all listed impacts will actually occur; merely they show which environmental impacts may be expected from the proposed activities. The presented results are also based on visual inspection of the Project Area by the environmental specialists of the Study Team. When discussing the impact on the environment, not only the physical and biological environment is meant, but also the social environment. Impacts on the social environment, which is an important issue in any development project, implies adverse effects on social structures and persons. Examples of impacts on the social environment, related to construction projects, are: Necessity of resettlement: When persons have to leave their homes for the realisation of a project, they should be compensated for the loss of their land, house and other properties. Also they should be assisted (socially and financially) to find other accommodation (and work, if applicable), to be able to live at least at the same standard as before. Health hazards: Health hazards have social implications. Health risks can result for example from air pollution, Impairment of historical/cultural sites, monuments, and aesthetics: Impacts on the social environment comprise also: damage to areas worthwhile for their natural beauty and damage to specific historical areas, beloved monuments or graveyards. If such areas/monuments have to be used for a project, careful weighing of interests should be executed, and alternative solutions should be investigated. If it is decided to sacrifice an area (or monument) totally or partly, one should try to offer compensation for what is lost, or take as many mitigation measures as possible. Nuisance: Nuisance, for example caused by noise, air pollution, bad smells of spoils, and dust, also has an adverse impact on the social environment. Following GoV and ADB’s Environmental Guideline screening of potential environmental impacts has been carried out for the Pre-Construction (project location, design), Construction and Operation & Maintenance Phases.


5.2 Environmental Criteria

It is essential, as part of the Feasibility Study, to carry out an Initial Environmental Examination of the Bac Hung Hai Sub-Projects to obtain insight in possible adverse environmental impacts arising from the Sub-Projects and to ensure sustainability. Environmental Screening will show the negative as well as the positive environmental impacts to be expected from the proposed Project. Environmental impacts may be permanent or temporary; may occur during the Pre-Construction/Design Phase, the Construction Phase and the Operation & Maintenance Phase, and may be a direct result of construction activities, or an indirect result. Criteria which should be applied to judge the significance of environmental impacts are related to the characteristics of a project (project size), the location/environmental sensitivity of the project area, and the characteristics of identified potential impacts. Additionally, the following aspects should be taken into account: number of other environmental components affected and the cumulative nature of the impact. Environmental criteria for the proposed Sub-Projects relate to processes and activities that may affect the physical/biological environment as well as the social and cultural environment. The criteria to judge the significance of environmental impacts are well described in the Vietnamese and ADB regulations and guidelines. The overall environmental appropriateness of the proposed BHH Sub-Projects could be indicated by answering the following questions:

Will the project make unwarranted accelerated use of scarce resources in favour of short-term over long-term economic gains?

Will the project create unwarranted losses in precious/irreplaceable natural or other sources?

Will the project significantly affect people’s health negatively?

Will the project result in unwarranted hazards to endangered species?

Will the project have an unreasonable impact on the livelihoods and subsistence of the people concerned?

Will the project tend to intensify urban migration from rural areas to an undesirable degree?

In general, it can be stated that for all the Sub-Projects Environmental Management and Monitoring Plans should be prepared and executed. 5.3 Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Pre-Construction Phase

5.3.1 General

There are eleven proposed sub-project investments for BHH Scheme include one irrigation pumping station in Phu My with capacity of 12 m3 /s, nine drainage pumping stations with capacity of 7-50 m3 /s and one outlet, Cau Xe, for whole scheme with capacity of 360 m3 /s . According to the Design, four among eleven proposed sub-projects will be discharged or taken water from outside rivers, six of them will be discharged into the inner rivers and canals of BHH Scheme. Cau Xe outlet will drain water of almost BHH catchments into Thai Binh River. So these proposed subprojects will cause environment impacts, both positive and adverse, in various levels.


5.3.2 Adverse Impacts

Some main adverse impacts of the project are identified as below: Affect water source of Duong river due to taking water from Duong river through Phu My

Pumping station, however this effect will be insignificant because the amount of water taken is quite small compared with existing river flow

Affect water quality of Red river due to discharging water from Chau Giang area to Red river through Lien Nghia and Nghi Xuyen Pumping Station

Affect water quality of Luoc river due to discharging water from Tay Nam & Dong Nam Cuu An area to Luoc River through My Dong Pumping Station

Affect water quality of Thai Binh due to discharging water from most of BHH catchments to Thai Binh river through Cau Xe outlet

Rriver bank erosion due to pumping water from BHH areas to the rivers if inadequate design and operation & maintenance

Potential adverse impacts that could arise from Project Location and Design can be avoided or mitigated if these are sufficiently considered in the overall design of the Sub-Projects. A Resettlement Plan will have to be prepared with proper consultation and participation of the affected households. Full compensation and resettlement should be completed prior to land acquisition. A detailed Environmental Management Plan and Environmental Monitoring Plan will have to be prepared for proper environmental management and monitoring of all project activities in the different phases of the Sub-Projects (Pre-Construction, Construction and Operation & Maintenance Phases). 5.3.3 Positive Impacts

The largest construction in the BHH Project is the new outlet in Quang Trung Commune, Tu Ky District, Hai Duong Province. Its site is 1550 m downstream from the existing outlet, that will be replaced. The new Cau Xe Outlet will have a size of 30x30x1850m, with a management house (125 m2) at an area of 1225 m2. A positive environmental impact that can be achieved from the Bac Hung Hai Project is the intensified effect of flushing by larger volumes of intake in the BHH-Scheme and larger volumes of discharge out of the scheme. Intensified flushing will have some positive effect on the quality of surface waters in the BHH-Scheme which will decrease waterborne diseases and improve life quality for BHH local peoples. The potential adverse environmental impacts and the proposed mitigation measures related to Project Location and Design (Pre-Construction Phase) of the Sub-Projects are presented in Tables 5-1, 5-2, and 5-3. The following abbreviations are used:

N: not applicable, no adverse effect; S: small/slight adverse effect; M: moderate adverse effect; L: large adverse effect.


Table 5-1 New Outlet in Cau Xe River, Potential Adverse Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures, Pre-Construction Phase

SUB-PROJECT major

characteristics of new outlet

PROJECT ACTIVITIES

POTENTIAL ADVERSE IMPACTS Socio-economic and

physical/biological aspects

REMARKS MAGN. OF

IMPACT


Outlet in Cau Xe River Construction of a new drainage / tidal irrigation outlet, capacity 360 m3/s. Size: 30x30x1850 m.

Site selection and design Surveys and site investigations Land acquisition

Loss of land, change of land use; loss of jobs

Land to be recovered: flood plain 34975 m2 ; inner dyke 25750 m2

S Compensation, re-employment.

Loss of houses and property 3 households affected, 400 litchi trees M Compensation Impact on affected households 3 households affected M Compensation Resettlement 3 households to be resettled, however

in same area M Compensation

Resettlement Plan to be prepared Proximity to human settlement Human settlements not disturbed N Changing land values No or slight effect N Nature reserve affected; proximity to environmental sensitive area

No nature reserve at or nearby the sub-project sites

N

Conflicts with other water users Conflicts with fishermen and farmers. S Proper communication, design and O&M

Degradation of water quality A new outlet would improve water flow and quality

N

Degradation of fisheries No additional impact compared to former outlet

N

Degradation of navigation / river transport

River transport is not extensive; mostly only for sand transportation

M Proper design; A boat lock will be constructed

Traffic congestion during construction, disturbance on public utilities; damage to existing roads

Transportation of materials during construction can damage existing roads and disrupt local traffic

M Preparation of a Transport Management Plan

Proximity to ethnic minority comm. Not present N Loss of aesthetics Limited effect S Planting, landscaping Effect on historical / cultural monuments, grave yards

Historic monuments, grave yards not present

N

flooding / odour / noise Odour possible from floating waste S Proper design, O&M; sufficient buffer

Vulnerability to erosion / landslide Construction in flat area S Proper design and O&M Risk for earthquakes Small risk S Design to withstand expected level

of earthquakes


Table 5-2 New Pumping Stations, Potential Adverse Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures, Pre-Construction Phase

SUB-PROJECTS major characteristics

of new pumping stations (PS)

PROJECT ACTIVITIES

POTENTIAL ADVERSE IMPACTS

Socio-economic and physical/biological aspects

REMARKS MAGN. OF

IMPACT


Phu My Irrigation Pumping Station. Water taken from Duong River, capacity 12 m3/s. Kenh Vang III (Nhat Trai) Drainage Pumping Station. Water pumped into Thai Binh River, capacity 28 m3/s. Chua Tong Drainage Pumping Station. Water pumped into Kim Son River, capacity 10 m3/s. Doan Thuong Drainage Pumping Station. Water pumped into Dinh Dao River, capacity 15.6 m3/s. Lien Nghia Drainage Pumping Station. Water pumped into Red River, capacity 25 m3/s. Nghi Xuyen Drainage Pumping Station. Incl. construction of dam upstream Cuu An River. Water pumped into Red River, cap. 50 m3/s.

Site selection and Design Surveys and site investigations Land acquisition

Loss of agricultural land, change of land use; loss of jobs

Permanent acquisition, total: 99.5ha S Compensation for crops, aquaculture

Loss of houses and property 39 households affected S Compensation Impact on affected households 39 households affected S Compensation Resettlement 39 households to be resettled

(19 households Doan Thuong) (20 households Lien Nghia)

M Compensation, assistance in finding other homes;

Resettlement Plan to be prepared. Changing land values No effect N Nature reserves affected; proximity to environmental sensitive areas

No nature reserves or sensitive areas at or nearby the sub-project sites

N

Proximity to human settlement Human settlements not disturbed N Traffic congestion during construction, disturbance on public utilities. Damage to existing roads

Transportation of materials during construction can damage existing roads and disrupt local traffic

M Preparation of a Transport Management Plan

Proximity to ethnic minorities Not present N Loss of aesthetics Hardly any change S Planting, landscaping Effect on historical / cultural monuments, grave yards

Historic monuments, grave yards not at Sub-Project sites; closest But Thap Pagoda 1km from Phu My PS

S Keep buffer zone between Phu My PS and But Thap Pagoda.

flooding / odour / noise Noise of pumps could disturb S Proper design, O&M; sufficient buffer/ distance to

houses/residents Water supply rights / water use conflicts

Changed water use/drainage might affect farmers

S Proper design and O&M

Vulnerability to erosion / landslide

Construction in flat area S Proper design and O&M

Risk for earthquakes Small risk S Structures to be designed to withstand expected level of earthquakes


Table 5-3 Rehabilitation of Pumping Stations, Potential Adverse Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures, Pre-Construction Phase

SUB-PROJECTS major

characteristics of pumping

stations (PS)

PROJECT ACTIVITIES

POTENTIAL ADVERSE IMPACTS Socio-economic and physical/biological

aspects

REMARKS MAGN. OF

IMPACT


Kenh Vang II Drainage PS. Water pumped into the Thai Binh River. Rehabilitation/ replacement, capacity 44 m3/s. Cau Dua Drainage PS. Water pumped into Luoc River. Upgrading, capacity 20 m3/s. Co Ngua Drainage PS. Water pumped into Luoc River. Rehabilitation, capacity 7 m3/s. My Dong Drainage PS, Water pumped into Luoc River, capacity 22 m3/s.

Design Surveys Site investigations

Loss of agricultural land, change of land use; loss of jobs

Reconstruction on existing land S Compensation for crops and aquaculture

Loss of houses and property No households affected N

Impact on affected households No households affected N Resettlement No households to be resettled N

Changing land values No effect N

Nature reserves affected; proximity to environmental sensitive areas

No nature reserves or sensitive areas at or nearby the sub-project sites

N

Proximity to human settlement No human settlements disturbed N Traffic congestion during construction, public inconveniences. Damage to existing roads.

Transportation of materials during construction might damage existing roads and disrupt local traffic

M Preparation of a concise Transport Management Plan

Proximity to ethnic minority communities Not present N

Loss of aesthetics Hardly any change S Planting, landscaping

Effect on historical / cultural monuments, grave yards

Historic monuments, grave yards not present

N

flooding / odour / noise Noise of pumps could disturb S Proper design, O&M; Sufficient buffer/ distance to

houses/residents Water supply rights / water use conflicts Changed water use/drainage might affect

farmers S Proper communication, design

and O&M Vulnerability to erosion / landslide Construction in flat area S Proper design and O&M

Risk for earthquakes Small risk S Structures to be designed to withstand expected level of earthquakes


5.4 Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Construction Phase

Potential adverse environmental impacts that could result from activities during the Construction Phase are briefly discussed below and further presented in Tables 5-4, 5-5, and 5-6. Air quality/dust and noise: There could be an increase in dust, air pollution and noise from clearing, grubbing and excavation activities and movements of construction equipment. Emissions and noise from operation of construction equipment might have a considerable impact in urban centres and densely populated areas, however the population in the Project Area near the Sub-Project-sites is not dense and dust, air pollution and noise can be controlled and mitigated. Flooding and spills: Flooding and spills could be caused by inadequate management of building materials, removed topsoil, stockpiles and construction debris. Proper management can avoid these impacts and once happening mitigation measures should be taken. Deposits of construction wastes into nearby water bodies might have a detrimental effect to aquatic flora and fauna and should be avoided. Potential impacts on the socio-economic environment: noise from construction activities, traffic jams caused by transportation of construction materials, and accidents caused by trucks, are potential adverse impacts. However, the Sub-Project-sites are not situated in densely populated area. With a Transport Management Plan and proper environmental management and monitoring these impacts can be prevented and mitigated. Positive impacts: Temporary positive impacts include short-term employment of local population in construction activities and increased earnings in services in the vicinity of the construction sites. A permanent positive impact is the improvement of the functioning of the BHH-Scheme and could be increased employment for local residents in the operational services for the BHH Sub-Projects. In Tables the following abbreviations are used:



Table 5-4 New Outlet in Cau Xe River, Potential Adverse Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures, Construction Phase

SUB-PROJECT major characteristics

of new outlet

PROJECT ACTIVITIES


aspects

MAGN. OF

IMPACT


Outlet in Cau Xe River Construction of a new drainage / tidal irrigation outlet, capacity 360 m3/s

Base camp establishment and operation Land clearance Earthworks / excavations Haulage of fill and construction materials Shaping, finishing Road construction Foundation works Erection of beams, casting of floor slabs, construction activities Drainage structures

Generation of solid waste and hazardous waste Disposal of waste, waste spills (oil), spoils. Downstream pollution.

M Temporary

Proper disposal of solid and hazardous waste. Strict enforcement of (environmental) laws and

regulations. . Air pollution , dust, odours Noise, vibrations

M Temporary

Noise and engine control. Strict enforcement of (environmental) laws and

regulations. . Traffic congestion , disturbance on public utilities, public inconveniences, damage to existing roads.

M Temporary

Execution of Transport Management Plan.


M Temporary

Setting temporary drainage ditches


S Temporary

Settling ponds for runoff. .

Water supply rights / water use conflicts. Water use / drainage might affect farmers

S Temporary

Appropriate planning and design. .

Slum formation hazard S Temporary

Proper planning/design/operations/monitoring.


M Temporary

Carry out safety precautions and health program.

Impairment of aesthetics. Loss/disturbance of flora and fauna.

S Planting of trees, landscaping. .


Table 5-5 New Pumping Stations, Potential Adverse Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures, Construction Phase



PROJECT ACTIVITIES


aspects

MAGN. OF

IMPACT


Phu My Irrigation Pumping Station. Water taken from Duong River, capacity 12 m3/s. Kenh Vang 3 (Nhat Trai) Drainage Pumping Station. Water pumped into Thai Binh River, cap. 28 m3/s. Chua Tong Drainage Pumping Station. Water pumped into Kim Son River, capacity 10 m3/s. Doan Thuong Drainage Pumping Station. Water pumped into Dinh Dao River, capacity 15.6 m3/s. Lien Nghia Drainage Pumping Station. Water pumped into Red River, capacity 25 m3/s. Nghi Xuyen Drainage Pumping Station. Incl. construction of a dam upstream in the Cuu An River. Water pumped into Red River, capacity 50 m3/s.

Base camp establishment and operation Land clearance Earthworks / excavations Haulage of fill and construction materials Shaping, finishing Road construction Foundation works Erection of beams, casting of floor slabs, construction activities Drainage structures

Generation of solid waste and hazardous waste. Disposal of waste, waste spills (oil), spoils. Downstream pollution.

M Temporary

Proper disposal of solid and hazardous waste. Strict enforcement of (environmental) laws and

regulations

Air pollution , dust, odours Noise, vibrations

M Temporary


regulations. Traffic congestion , disturbance on public utilities, public inconveniences, damage to existing roads.

M Temporary



M Temporary

Setting temporary drainage ditches.


S Temporary

Settling ponds for runoff.

Changed drainage/irrigation affecting farmers S Temporary

Appropriate planning and design. .


M Temporary

Carry out safety precautions and health program. .


S Planting of trees, landscaping.

Effect on historical / cultural monuments, grave yards. Distance between But Thap Pagoda and Phu My PS 1km.

S Keep buffer zone between Phu My PS and But Thap Pagoda


Table 5-6 Rehabilitation of Pumping Stations, Potential Adverse Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures, Construction Phase SUB-PROJECTS

major characteristics of to be rehabilitated

pumping stations (PS)

PROJECT ACTIVITIES


MAGN. OF

IMPACT


Kenh Vang 2 Drainage Pumping Station. Water pumped into the Thai Binh River. Rehabilitation /replacement, capacity 44 m3/s. Cau Dua Drainage Pumping Station. Water pumped into Luoc River. Upgrading, capacity 20 m3/s. Co Ngua Drainage Pumping Station. Water pumped into Luoc River. Rehabilitation, capacity 7 m3/s. My Dong Drainage Pumping Station, Water pumped into Luoc River, capacity 22 m3/s.

Replacement of engines Haulage of construction materials

Generation of solid waste and hazardous waste Disposal of waste, waste spills (oil), spoils.

S Temporary

Proper disposal of solid and hazardous waste. Strict enforcement of (environmental) laws and regulations. .

Air pollution , dust, odours Noise, vibrations Downstream pollution.

S Temporary


regulations.

Traffic congestion, public inconveniences, damage to existing roads.

S Temporary

Execution of concise Transport Management Plan.

Changed drainage might affect farmers

S Temporary

Appropriate planning and design. Proper Environmental Management and Monitoring.


M Temporary



5.5 Impacts and Mitigation Measures during O&M Phase

Negative impacts: Adverse impacts during Operation of the New Outlet, the New Pumping Stations and the Pumping Stations that have been rehabilitated, are presented in Tables 5-7, 5-8, and 5-9. The potential adverse impacts are limited to “long term impact on aesthetics/modification of landscape” and “occupational health and safety”, which can be mitigated by proper maintenance of landscaping, trees, plantations, health and safety precaution measures and proper environmental management and monitoring. Positive impacts: The BHH rehabilitation project will bring socio-economic benefits by improvement of governance and management of irrigation systems, increased agricultural production, and increased incomes of farmers. In the Tables the following abbreviations are used:



Table 5-7 Outlet in Cau Xe River, Potential Adverse Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures, Operation & Maintenance Phase

SUB-PROJECT major characteristics

of new outlet

PROJECT ACTIVITIES


aspects

MAGN. OF

IMPACT


Outlet in Cau Xe River Construction of a new drainage / tidal irrigation outlet, capacity 360 m3/s

Operation and Maintenance of the new Cau Xe River drainage/ tidal irrigation outlet

Long term impact on aesthetics / modification of landscape

M

Proper maintenance of landscaping, trees, plantations.

Occupational health and safety

S

Health and safety precaution measures.

Inadequate operation and maintenance

Erosion river embankment and waterlogging locally

S Provide enough budget and enhance proper operation management and maintenance

Water quality management

Affect water quality in downstream of Thai Binh river

S Enforce the compliance of Environmental Protection Law & Regulations

Apply IPM Program for whole communes in BHH area


Table 5-8 New Pumping Stations, Potential Adverse Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures, Operation & Maintenance Phase



PROJECT ACTIVITIES


aspects

MAGN. OF

IMPACT


Phu My Irrigation Pumping Station. Water taken from Duong River, capacity 12 m3/s. Kenh Vang 3 (Nhat Trai) Drainage Pumping Station. Water pumped into Thai Binh River, capacity 28 m3/s. Chua Tong Drainage Pumping Station. Water pumped into Kim Son River, capacity 10 m3/s. Doan Thuong Drainage Pumping Station. Water pumped into Dinh Dao River, capacity 15.6 m3/s. Lien Nghia Drainage Pumping Station. Water pumped into Red River, capacity 25 m3/s. Nghi Xuyen Drainage Pumping Station. Incl. construction of a dam upstream in the Cuu An River. Water pumped into Red River, capacity 50 m3/s.

Operation and maintenance of the new irrigation pumping stations and drainage pumping stations


S

Proper maintenance of landscaping, trees,

plantations.


S


Inadequate operation and maintenance


S Provide enough budget and enhance proper operation management and maintenance

Water quality management

Affect water quality in downstream of Red & Thai Binh Rivers ( Lien Nghia, Nghi Xuyen, Kenh Vang PS); and Affect water quality in downstream of Kim Son & Dinh Dao inner rivers ( for Chua Tong & Doan Thuong PS), particularly, Dinh Dao river-water is being served for domestic water use in Quang Hiep Commune-Tu Ky District-Hai Duong Province.

M

Enforce the compliance of Environmental Protection Law & Regulations

Apply IPM Program for whole communes in BHH area


Table 5-9 Rehabilitation of Pumping Stations, Potential Adverse Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures, Operation & Maintenance Phase

SUB-PROJECTS major characteristics of to be rehabilitated

pumping stations (PS)

PROJECT ACTIVITIES


MAGN. OF

IMPACT


Kenh Vang 2 Drainage Pumping Station. Water to be pumped into the Tai Binh River. Rehabilitation / replacement, capacity 44 m3/s. Cau Dua Drainage Pumping Station. Water pumped into Luoc River. Upgrading, capacity 20 m3/s. Co Ngua Drainage Pumping Station. Water pumped into Luoc River. Rehabilitation, capacity 7 m3/s. My Dong Drainage Pumping Station, Water pumped into Luoc River, capacity 22 m3/s.

Operation and maintenance of rehabilitated pumping stations


S

Proper maintenance of landscaping, trees,

plantations.


S



6 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

6.1 Institutional requirements for Environmental Management & Monitoring

The Central Project Office (CPO, MARD) will be the executing agency for the BHH Rehabilitation Project. Four Project Management Units (PMUs) will be established to manage and monitor all day-to-day implementation activities of the Project. The PMU will include representatives from the Agencies and Departments as shown in Table 6-1. Table 6-1 Representatives of four PMUs

PMUs Name of Sub-Project Representatives of agency/departments/organizations

Hung Yen PMU Lien Nghia PS Nghi Xuyen PS Chua Tong PS

• Hung Yen PPC • Hung Yen IDMC • Other entities involved in managing and

implementing the Project. Bac Ninh PMU Phu My PS

Kenh Vang 2 PS Nhat Trai PS

• Hung Yen PPC • Nam Duong IDMC • Other entities involved in managing and

implementing the Project. Hai Duong PMU Co Ngua PS

Cau Dua PS Doan Thuong PS

• Hai Duong PPC • Hai Duong IDMC • Other entities involved in managing and

implementing the Project. Bac Hung Hai PMU My Dong PS

Cau Xe Outlet • Hai Duong & Hung Yen PPC • Bac Hung Hai IDMC • Other entities involved in managing and

implementing the Project. The supervision and monitoring of Project-related resettlement and environmental activities during the pre-construction, construction and operation phases, are some of the functions of the PMU. In line with this, it is proposed that an Environmental Management Unit (EMU) be set up within the PMU, responsible for supervision on environmental management and for environmental monitoring. The major responsibilities of the EMU will be to ensure that:

• The mitigation measures and monitoring of these activities are being carried out as agreed. • The environmental monitoring program, comprising of taking samples and analyses are

being carried out. • Reporting is performed in compliance with ADB and GOV requirements.

The EMU shall be headed by qualified staff that is assigned full time to the PMU. At least one full-time technical expert and one full-time administrative staff member shall be assigned to the EMU. The PMU will engage part time a local Environmental Consultant to provide for the EMU technical assistance in environmental management and monitoring. If Project Implementation Assistance (PIA) consultants are employed during implementation of the Project, then the PIA Team’s Environmental Specialists will pass on expert advice and guidance and conduct capacity building on environmental management and monitoring. To ensure that the ADB environmental requirements and all applicable GoV environmental laws, regulations and standards, are met prior to the start of construction and during construction and


operation of the Project, an elaborate Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan should be prepared at the Detailed Design stage based on the concise Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan presented in current IEE. Environmental monitoring during long term operation of the BHH Sub-Projects is largely the responsibility of BHH IDMC. The Terms of Reference for the detailed engineering design and the bid documents should specify the preparation of specific Environmental Management and Monitoring Plans for the Sub-Projects, which shall be presented for comments to the stakeholders. 6.2 Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan

For the stage of IEE, Tables 5-2 to 5-10 present concise Environmental Management and Monitoring Plans (EMPs) for the BHH Sub-Projects for the various project stages. However, at the stage of Detailed Design detailed EMPs shall be prepared for environmental management – including all required mitigation measures – and monitoring during the different stages of the Sub-Projects. The detailed costs for these environmental management and monitoring activities shall also be calculated at that stage and be incorporated in the various contracts. Responsible for Environmental Monitoring during project implementation are the main contractor, the sub-contractors, the EMU/PMU, and the communities. The EMPs will be the guiding document for environmental management and monitoring during execution of the Sub-Projects. It will guide the EMU/PMU in determining whether the recommended mitigation measures prior to construction, and during construction and operation, are being implemented effectively. Environmental monitoring results shall be documented and reviewed to ensure that signs of adverse impacts are detected at an early stage and that actions for mitigation are taken. Monitoring results will have to be reported monthly by the EMU and be submitted to the head of the PMU, who in turn will submit them to DONRE and CPO for approval. The Central Project Office will submit the EMP to the ADB. The format for the monthly and annual Environmental Monitoring Reports will be developed during the Detailed Design Phase and may have to be refined during implementation of the Project. 6.2.1 Costs for Environmental Monitoring of resettlement, water quality, air quality and

noise

For the costs during the Pre-Construction/Design Phase for implementation and monitoring of the Resettlement Plan (RP) – based on the implementation schedule of the RP – is referred to Resettlement Report. Monitoring, to be carried out by the EMU/PMU, of surface water and groundwater quality, air quality (TSP) and noise, during the Pre-Construction, Construction and Operation Phases adds up to an average amount of USD 71,269 (VDN 1,273,933,375) per Sub-Project. Appendix 1 provides for one Sub-Project the environmental monitoring activities and the costs during the various project phases of the Project. For the whole BHH Rehabilitation Project (11 Sub-Projects) the costs for Environmental Monitoring are estimated at: 11x71,269 USD=783,959 USD. 6.2.2 Environmental Management and Monitoring, New Outlet

For the stage of IEE, Tables 6-2, 6-3, and 6-4 present a concise Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMP) for the New Outlet and for the three project implementation phases.


Table 6-2 Environmental Management and Monitoring: New Outlet, Pre-Construction Phase




Surface water quality, groundwater quality, air quality, noise.

PMU, baseline data. Costs for monitoring, handling, analysis: 1573 USD.

Loss of land, change of land use; loss of jobs.

Compensation, re-employment.



PMU. EMA (independent external monitoring agency).



Compensation.

Resettlement. Compensation, assistance in finding other homes. Resettlement Plan (RP) to be prepared.

Conflicts with other water users Proper communication, design and O&M.



DONRE Included in cost of Technical Design.

Degradation of navigation / river transport

Proper design; construction of a boat lock.



MARD Included in cost of Technical Design.


Preparation of a Transport Management Plan (TMP).



MARD Included in cost of Technical Design




Flooding, odour, noise Proper design, O&M; sufficient buffer . Consultants doing the design.



Vulnerability to erosion / landslide Proper design and O&M.




Risk for earthquakes. Structures should be designed to withstand the expected level of earthquakes.





Table 6-3 Environmental Management and Monitoring: New Outlet, Construction Phase (3 years)



Respon- sibility

Activities Responsibility Costs

Generation of solid waste and hazardous waste. Disposal of waste, waste spills (oil), spoils.

Proper disposal of solid and hazardous waste. Strict enforcement of (env) laws and regulations. .

Contractor

Periodic & unannounced inspections of waste disposal.



Air pollution, dust, odours, noise, vibrations, downstream pollution.

Use of unleaded fuel. Use of compressed Natural Gas. Noise and engine control. Strict enforcement of (env) laws and regulations.

Contractor

Periodic (samples monthly) & unannounced inspections of water quality (surface and groundwater), air pollution (TSP) and noise.


Costs for monitoring, handling, analysis: 58542 USD (3 yrs period). Incorporated in recommended contract s.

Traffic congestion , disturbance on public utilities, public inconveniences, damage to existing roads.


Contractor






Contractor





Settling ponds for runoff. Contractor




Water supply rights / water use conflicts. Water use / drainage might affect farmers.

Appropriate planning and design. Contractor




Slum formation hazard. Proper planning/ design/ operations/ monitoring.

Contractor


Contractor, PMU, Communities.



Carry out safety precautions and health program.

Contractor





Planting of trees, landscaping. Contractor





Table 6-4 Environmental Management and Monitoring: New Outlet, Operation & Maintenance Phase



Respon- sibility


Costs


PMU Costs for monitoring, handling, analysis: 11154 USD (2 yrs period).

Long term impact on aesthetics / modification of landscape.


Operator

Periodic & unannounced inspection on landscape modification.

BHH IDMC

Annual administrative costs.

Occupational health and safety.

Health and safety precaution measures. .

Operator


BHH IDMC



Provide enough budget and enhance proper operation management and maintenance

Operator


BHH IDMC Annual administrative costs.


Enforce the compliance of Environmental Protection Law & Regulations Apply IPM Program for whole communes in BHH area

Operator

Periodic & unannounced inspection of precautions and enforcement of regulations and sampling program.



6.2.3 Environmental Management and Monitoring, New Pumping Stations

For the stage of IEE, Tables 6-5, 6-6, and 6-7 present a concise Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMP) for the 6 proposed New Pumping Stations and for the three project implementation phases.


Table 6-5 Environmental Management and Monitoring: 6 New Pumping Stations, Pre-Construction Phase





PMU Costs for monitoring, handling, analysis: 6x1573=9438 USD.


Compensation for crops, aquaculture






Compensation.

Resettlement. Compensation, assistance in finding other homes. Resettlement Plan to be prepared.

Traffic congestion during construction, disturbance on public utilities, public inconveniences; damage to existing roads.

Preparation of a Transport Management Plan.










Water supply rights \ water use conflicts

Proper communication, design and O&M.








Risk for earthquakes. Structures should be designed to withstand expected level of earthquakes.





Table 6-6 Environmental Management and Monitoring: 6 New Pumping Stations, Construction Phase (3 years)



Respon- sibility



Proper disposal of solid and hazardous waste. Strict enforcement of (env) laws and regulations.

Contractor





Use of unleaded fuel. Use of compressed Natural Gas. Noise and engine control. Strict enforcement of (env) laws and regulations.

Contractor



Costs for monitoring, handling, analysis: 6x58542=351252 USD (3 yrs period). Incorporated in recomm. contracts.

Traffic congestion , disturbance on public utilities, public inconveniences, damage to existing roads.


Contractor






Contractor





Settling ponds for runoff. Contractor




Changed drainage / irrigation affecting farmers.







Contractor





Planting of trees, landscaping. Contractor





Table 6-7 Environmental Management and Monitoring: 6 New Pumping Stations, Operation & Maintenance Phase



Respon- sibility


Costs


PMU Costs for monitoring, handling, analysis: 6x11154=66924 USD (2 yrs period).


Proper maintenance of landscaping, trees, plantations. .

Operator


BHH IDMC




Operator


BHH IDMC



Provide enough budget and enhance proper operation management and maintenance

Operator




Enforce the compliance of Environmental Protection Law & Regulations Apply IPM Program for whole communes in BHH area

Operator

Periodic & unannounced inspection of precautions and enforcement of regulations and sampling program.



6.2.4 Environmental Management and Monitoring, Pumping Stations to be rehabilitated.

For the stage of IEE, Tables 6-8, 6-9, and 6-10 present a concise Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMP) for the 4 proposed Pumping Stations to be rehabilitated and for the three project implementation phases.


Table 6-8 Environmental Management and Monitoring: 4 Pumping Stations to be rehabilitated, Pre-Construction Phase





PMU Costs for monitoring, handling, analysis: 4x1573=6292 USD.


Compensation for crops, aquaculture






Preparation of a concise Transport Management Plan (TMP).










Water supply rights \ water use conflicts

Proper communication, design and O&M.








Risk for earthquakes. Structures to be designed to withstand expected level of earthquakes.





Table 6-9 Environmental Management and Monitoring: 4 Pumping Stations to be rehabilitated, Construction Phase



Respon- sibility



Proper disposal of solid and hazardous waste. Strict enforcement of (env) laws and regulations.

Contractor





Noise and engine control. Strict enforcement of (env) laws and regulations.

Contractor



Costs for monitoring, handling, analysis: 4x58542=234168 USD (3yrs period). Incorporated in recommended contracts.

Traffic congestion, public inconveniences, damage to existing roads.

Execution of concise Transport Management Plan.

Contractor




Changed drainage / irrigation affecting farmers.







Contractor





Table 6-10 Environmental Management and Monitoring: 4 Pumping Stations to be rehabilitated, Operation & Maintenance Phase



Respon- sibility


Costs


PMU Costs for monitoring, handling, analysis: 4x11154=44616 USD (2 yrs period).



Operator


BHH IDMC




Operator


BHH IDMC



7 PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

The ADB requires that each community be consulted concerning the perceived and observed environmental issues regarding the project at the early stage of the process and throughout project implementation. 7.1 Consultation and Participation Process

The public consultation and participation process during the Sub-Project Preparation Stage will involve the following activities:

• Reconnaissance surveys of the Sub-Project site. On-site discussions with district and town commune officials will provide information on the physical and biological resources, social-economic environment, opportunities and constraints relevant to the proposed Sub-Projects.

• A socio-economic survey to establish the socio-economic profile of Sub-Project towns and communes. The survey, at township/commune level, will include indicators like population, income and poverty levels, health, education and residential status, as well as access to water supply and sanitation facilities. In terms of participatory-based consultations with stakeholder groups, there will be information sharing with public sector officials and informal consultations with local community members including poor and vulnerable groups.

• Participatory meetings with stakeholders and representatives from BHH IDMC, Provincial IDMC, Sub-Project PPC, DPC, CPC, the Department of Health, and the Women’s Union Organisation with the objective to collect data and to present the Sub-Projects (designs and locations), the Draft IEE, and to learn about social and environmental issues and concerns.

7.2 Consultation Meetings

7.2.1 Schedules and participation

The Public Consultation Meetings was held in Subproject Communes People Committees from 14 to 21 December 2009. Participants were representatives from the CPO, PPMUs, Subproject Communes People Committees, Subproject District’s Environmental Management Division, the Women’s Union, the farmer union at district, and commune level, and representatives from affected households in Subproject Communes (Appendix 3: Public Consultation). Totally, there were 8 Public Consultation Meetings with 256 participants. Details are provided in table 7-1 below Table 7-1 List of Subproject for Public Consultation’s meetings

Date Time Pumping stations

Province Districts Communes Meeting location - Commune

Number of participants

10/12/2009 08.00 hrs Nhat Trai Bac Ninh Luong Tai Lai Ha My Huong Trung Xa

DARD Bac Ninh

54

14/12/2009 07.30 hrs Nghi Xuyen Hung Yen Khoai Chau Chi Tan Chi Tan 27 10.30 hrs

Lien Nghia Hung Yen Van Giang Lien Nghia

Thang Loi Me So

Lien Nghia 43





14.30 hrs Chua Tong Hung Yen Yen My Thanh Long Trung Hung

Trung Hung 22

15/12/2009 07.30 hrs Cau Dua Hai Duong Tu Ky Van To Van To 29 10.30 hrs Doan

Thuong Hai Duong Gia Loc Doan Thuong Doan

Thuong 21

14.30 hrs Co Ngua Hai Duong Ninh Giang Van Giang Van Giang 19 Phu My Bac Ninh Thuan Thanh Dinh To 41 Total 256

Note The meeting in Nhat Trai is combined meeting for both resettlement and IEE purposes. The objectives of the meeting is to obtain the feedback from the participants on environmental impacts caused by project and their opinion on the project implementation The following contents have been presented during the meeting:

Subprojects’ objectives Subprojects’ locations, designs & cost estimates GOV & ADB environmental policies & procedures Project’s environmental category per ADB & GOV policies Environmental issues per subproject locations & designs Potential environmental impacts caused by each subproject Proposed mitigation measures Environmental Management Plan & Environmental Monitoring Program

7.2.2 Feedback from Participants

The feedback from the participants can be summarised as follows: There is agreement on the construction of the Subprojects in Bac Hung Hai area

because the subprojects will flushing by larger volumes of intake in the subproject area and larger volumes of discharge out of the scheme. Intensified flushing will have some positive effect on the quality of surface waters in the subproject area which will decrease waterborne diseases and improve life quality for local peoples.

The Project efforts to organize “public consultation” is highly appreciated as this help local people understand the project content exactly and express their view so as to ensure effective implementation of the project;

Consensus is achieved on socio-environmental impacts and mitigation measures recommended by the Project’

Traffic risks during construction is worries/ attention for participants and stakeholders .but this impact is assessed with small level. However, the contractor is requested to prepare and execute a Transportation Management Plan for the construction period, to mitigate traffic jams and public inconveniences.

Mitigation measures in construction period should be studied carefully, especially residential area along proposed new and upgrading canals, for example, fence should be set-up properly

Increase of dust & noise level in construction period is considered as small due to subproject sites are not in residential areas. However, dust level to be increased by construction material & waste transportation if unstrict enforcement of environmental protection regulations

Works progress should be implemented timely, should not be delayed affecting the livelihood of people dwelling along upgrading/ expanded canals


Strict supervision on implementation of mitigation measures recommended by the Consultant in the meeting

Construction time should be widely informed beforehand to affected household to plan agricultural produce & cultivation for acquisition agricultural land

Adequate Resettlement & compensation policy for affected households due to their agricultural land acquisition & replaced houses to stabilize life

For Technical Design Automatic trash rack at sluice gate is required in Technical Design ( all Subproject) For Co Ngua Subproject, proposed new discharge channel should be designed

carefully to avoid land acquisition of Dong Am Temple ( now only The Temple foundation is closed to designed new discharge channel)

7.2.3 Conclusions of the meeting

There is agreement on the construction of the BHH Subprojects and desired early construction

Consensus is achieved on socio-environmental impacts and mitigation measures recommended by the Project All comments from participants & stakeholders will be considered fully in mitigation measures of Environmental Assessment and detailed design in next phase

Future public consultations will be held during the detailed engineering design, construction and operation stages, following the general guidelines below:

• All stakeholders should be invited and encouraged to participate in the consultation workshops and to bring forward their concerns.

• Suggestions from the general public may be sought through the mass media, when necessary.

• The PPMU and, when necessary, the People’s Committees (at the relevant level of Subproject Districts Communes) should be receptive to contact by the public on matters concerning the progress of the Subproject, adverse impacts, mitigation measures and environmental monitoring.

Information disclosed to date, include:

• Objectives of the Projects; • Location, designs and cost estimates of the Project; • GOV and ADB environmental policies & procedures; • The environmental category according to the ADB and GOV policies; • Environmental issues related to Project location and design; • Proposed mitigation measures; • Environmental Management Plan & Environmental Monitoring Program


8 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

8.1 Objectives and Positive impacts

The first objective of the Bac Hung Hai Irrigation and Drainage Scheme Rehabilitation Project is to Improve the service delivery by improved governance and management, by constructing new infrastructure and upgrading of existing irrigation systems infrastructure. A second objective of the Project is sustainability, which will require identification of the necessary counterpart financial plans and institutional capacity building measures. Evidently, the realisation of the BHH Sub-Projects (New Outlet, New Pumping Stations, Pumping Stations to be rehabilitated) will have a strong positive impact on the BHH Scheme by increased water supply for irrigation, expansion of drained area, additional pumping capacity, improved enforcement of regulations/legislation, improved coordination & system management, and improved cost recovery. Improving of drainage capacity can resolve completely water logging situation in BHH, by then hygienic-sanitary condition will be improved accordingly 8.2 Negative impacts

Screening of potential environmental impacts for the Design Phases, the Construction Phases and the Operation & Maintenance Phases of the Sub-Projects also revealed adverse effects. However, all identified adverse impacts appeared to be small or moderate and many are of a temporary nature. No significant adverse environmental impacts are expected (Chapter 4). Mitigation measures have been formulated that can diminish the adverse impacts and concise Environmental Management and Monitoring Plans (EMPs) have been developed for the Sub-Projects (Chapter 5). More detailed EMPs have to be prepared during the Design Phase to control and mitigate identified small and moderate negative environmental impacts. 8.3 Recommendations

The executed Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) for the Project is sufficient according to the ADB environmental guidelines and regulations. Only additional detailed Environmental Management and Monitoring Plans have to be prepared to control and mitigate the identified small and moderate adverse environmental impacts. However, because the whole Project Area is larger than 200 ha, a full Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is required according to the environmental regulations of the Government of Vietnam (Decree No.21/2008/ND-CP). At the present feasibility phase and Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) stage of the Project the IEE is sufficient. The EIA will have to be carried out after completion and approval of the Feasibility Study Report and prior to obtaining the construction permit. The EIA will be carried out by national consultants. Supervision and approval will be provided by MONRE or DONRE,


9 CONCLUSIONS

From the proposed Sub-Projects for the BHH-Scheme, only slight and moderate adverse environmental impacts are expected. These adverse impacts can be resolved by proper design, specific mitigations measures, and by correct operation & maintenance. For these reasons the executed Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) for the Sub-Projects is sufficient according to the ADB environmental guidelines and regulations. However, because the whole Project Area (BHH Scheme) is larger than 200 ha, a full Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is required according to the environmental regulations of the Government of Vietnam. At the present feasibility and PPTA stage of the Project the prepared IEE is sufficient. The full EIA will have to be carried out after completion and approval of the Feasibility Study Report and prior to obtaining the construction permit.


REFERENCES

1. Environment Policy of the Asian Development Bank, November 2002. 2. Environmental Assessment Guidelines, Asian Development Bank, 2003. 3. Environmental Guidelines for Selected Agricultural and Natural Resources Projects, Asian

Development Bank, November 1991. 4. Environmental Guidelines for Selected Infrastructure Projects, Asian Development Bank,

November 1991. 5. Decree 21/2008/ND-CP, Part I Legal Documents, 5, Article 11.2b. 6. Report on Results of Water Quality Analysis 2004-2007-WRRI. 7. Report on Results of Water Quality Analysis, April 2008-WRRI. 8. Main Report on Review of Water Resources Planning for BHH Scheme. 9. Results of water quality analysis, 2005-2008, Bac Hung Hai System, Institute for Water and

Environment - VN Academy for Water Resources, MARD. 10. Results of water quality analysis, 2005-2008 for main rivers: Red River, Duong River, Thai

Binh River and Luoc River, Annual Reports on the Status of the Environment 2005-2008, DONRE.

11. Standard QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT: National Technical Regulation on Surface Water Quality for water for domestic use, irrigation and for water ways and navigation.

12. Standard TCVN 6774:2000: Fresh-water quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life. 13. Report on Status of Environment of Hung Yen, Hai Duong, Bac Ninh, Hanoi Provinces in

2006-2007. 14. TCVN-5944-2005 – Vietnamese Standard for ground water. 15. QCVN-2008 – National Technical Regulations on Environment. 16. Provincial Statistical Yearbook 2007.


APPENDICES


APPENDIX 1 Environmental monitoring activities and costs for BHH Sub-Projects, during pre-construction, construction and operation phases.

Environmental Monitoring Costs per Sub-Project, Pre-Costruction Phase, BHH SchemeCost item per year No. of No. of Frequency No. of No. of No. of pers. Car/boat No. of Unit rate Costs

PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE staff months sample samples taking rent working USD USD

locations samples days days p day/sample

Local environmental consultant

additional supervision 0 0 70 0


staff environmental monitoring 1 12 25 300




boat use 1 1 20 20


Transport samples


surface water quality 1 4 0,5 70 35

groundwater quality 1 1 0,5 70 35






Total per year 1430


Environmental Monitoring Costs per Sub-Project, Construction Phase, per year, BHH Scheme

Cost item per year No. of No. of Frequency No. of No. of No. of pers. Car / boat No. of Unit rate Costs CONSTRUCTION PHASE staff months sample samples taking rent working USD USD

(total 3 years) locations samples days days p day/sample Local environmental consultant

additional supervision 1 2 44 70 3080 EMU - PPMU Monitoring Activities

staff environmental monitoring 1 2 44 25 1100 Taking and handling samples

air quality (dust/TSP) and noise 12 2 24 2 24 20 480 surface water quality 12 4 48 1 12 20 240 boat use 12 12 20 240 groundwater quality 12 1 12 1 12 20 240

Transport samples air quality (dust/TSP) and noise 12 24 12 70 840 surface water quality 12 48 6 70 420 groundwater quality 12 12 6 70 420

Measuring / analysis air quality (dust/TSP) and noise 12 24 110 2640 surface water quality 12 48 110 5280 groundwater quality 12 12 110 1320



Environmental Monitoring Costs per Sub-Project, Operation Phase, per year, BHH SchemeCost item per year No. of No. of Frequency No. of No. of No. of pers. Car / boat No. of Unit rate Costs

OPERATION PHASE staff months sample samples taking rent working USD USD


Local environm. consultant







boat use 4 4 20 80


Transport samples









Total per year 5070


Total costs for Environmental Monitoring & supervision per Sub-Project, BHH Scheme 17875

Responsibility Pre- Construction Construction Construction Operation Operation Costs Costs Costs Environmental Monitoring Construc- year 1 year 2 year 3 year 4 year 5 without with with

tion VAT VAT (+10%) VAT (+10%) USD USD USD USD USD USD USD USD VND

Pre-construction Phase monitoring & supervision EMU-PMU air quality (dust/TSP) and noise Contractor 1430 1430 1573 28117375


Construction Phase local cons. monitoring & supervision EMU-PMU air quality (dust/TSP) and noise Contractor 17740 17740 17740 53220 58542 1046438250 surface water quality Sub-contractor groundwater quality

Operation Phase local cons. monitoring & supervision EMU-PMU air quality (dust/TSP) and noise communities 5070 5070 10140 11154 199377750 surface water quality groundwater quality

Sub-total 1430 17740 17740 17740 5070 5070 64790 71269 1273933350 Total 71269 1273933350


Cost estimation of water quality analysis for one sample

No Criteria Unit Price VND according to

Circular 83/2002/TT-BTC 1 T Sample 2 pH Sample 30.000 3 DO Sample 60.000 4 Turbidity Sample 50.000 5 EC Sample 40.000 6 SS Sample 50.000 7 Cl Sample 50.000 8 SO4-- Sample 50.000 9 Ca Sample 60.000 10 Mg Sample 60.000 11 Fe Sample 60.000 12 NO2- Sample 50.000 13 NO3- Sample 50.000 14 NH4+ Sample 60.000 15 PO4 3- Sample 60.000 16 COD Sample 70.000 17 BOD5 Sample 80.000 18 Faecal Coliform Sample 60.000 19 Coliform Sample 60.000 20 As Sample 80.000 21 Pb Sample 60.000 22 Hg Sample 80.000 23 Cd Sample 60.000 24 Cr6+ Sample 60.000

25 Pesticides-organic

Cl / Potassium Sample 600.000 Total VND 1940000

USD 110


APPENDIX 2 Rapid Environmental Assessment (ADB, REA) Checklist Irrigation for BHH Sub-Projects. Instructions:

This checklist is to be prepared to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form that is to be prepared and submitted to the Chief Compliance Officer of the Regional and Sustainable Development Department. This checklist is to be completed with the assistance of an Environment Specialist in a Regional Department. This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB checklists and handbooks on (i) involuntary resettlement,(ii) indigenous peoples planning, (iii) poverty reduction, (iv) participation, and (v) gender and development. Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

Country/Project Title: Rehabilitation of Bac Hung Hai Irrigation and Drainage Scheme, Vietnam SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS A. Project Siting Is the Project area adjacent to or within any of the following environmentally sensitive areas?

protected area x wetland x mangrove x estuarine x buffer zone of protected area x special area for protecting biodiversity x B. Potential Environmental Impacts Will the Project cause…

loss of precious ecological values (e.g. result of encroachment into forests/swamp lands or historical/cultural buildings/areas, disruption of hydrology of natural waterways, regional flooding, and drainage hazards)?

x

conflicts in water supply rights and related social conflicts?

x

impediments to movements of people and animals? x potential ecological problems due to increased soil erosion and siltation, leading to decreased stream capacity?

x

insufficient drainage leading to salinity intrusion? x over pumping of groundwater, leading to salinisation and ground subsidence?

x

impairment of downstream water quality and therefore, impairment of downstream beneficial uses of water?

x

dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people? x 39 households will be affected.


SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS potential social conflicts arising from land tenure and land use issues?

x

soil erosion before compaction and lining of canals? x noise from construction equipment? x noise will be generated from

construction equipment during the construction phase.

dust? x dust will be generated during the construction phase.

labour-related social problems, especially if workers from different areas are hired?

x normally, workers from the local area are hired.

water logging and soil salinisation due to inadequate drainage and farm management?

x locally, water logging is expected during the construction phase.

leaching of soil nutrients and changes in soil characteristics due to excessive application of irrigation water?

x

reduction of downstream water supply during peak seasons?

x

soil pollution, polluted farm runoff and groundwater, and public health risks due to excessive application of fertilizers and pesticides?

x

soil erosion (furrow, surface)? x locally some erosion is expected.

scouring of canals? x clogging of canals by sediments? x clogging of canals by weeds? x seawater intrusion into downstream freshwater systems?

x

introduction of increase in incidence of waterborne or water related diseases?

x

Strengthening Water Management and Irrigation System Rehabilitation 9T9714.21/R04/MVK/VN PPTA No.7107-VIE /Final Report – Annex M (Part B) 1 December 2009

APPENDIX 3: Notes of the public consultation meeting

List of Subproject for Public Consultation’s meetings




10/12/2009 08.00 hrs Nhat Trai Bac Ninh Luong Tai Lai Ha My Huong Trung Xa

DARD Bac Ninh

54

14/12/2009 07.30 hrs Nghi Xuyen Hung Yen Khoai Chau Chi Tan Chi Tan 27 10.30 hrs Lien Nghia Hung Yen Van Giang Lien Nghia

Thang Loi Me So

Lien Nghia 43

14.30 hrs Chua Tong Hung Yen Yen My Thanh Long Trung Hung

Trung Hung 22

15/12/2009 07.30 hrs Cau Dua Hai Duong Tu Ky Van To Van To 29 10.30 hrs Doan Thuong Hai Duong Gia Loc Doan Thuong Doan

Thuong 21

14.30 hrs Co Ngua Hai Duong Ninh Giang Van Giang Van Giang 19 14.30 Phu My Bac Ninh Thuan

Thanh Dinh To 41

Total 256 Note: The meeting in Nhat Trai is combined meeting for both resettlement and IEE purposes. 1. Objectives of the Workshop

To inform the stakeholders the Project information, findings and proposed mitigating measures as indicated in the IEE

To receive comments from beneficiaries and affected peoples, local officials, community leaders, NGOs/ Societies, and others

Ensure community consensus for project implementation & information disclosure to local people with precisely

2. Disclosed information

Subprojects’ objectives Subprojects’ locations, designs & cost estimates GOV & ADB environmental policies & procedures Project’s environmental category per ADB & GOV policies Environmental issues per subproject locations & designs Potential environmental impacts caused by each subproject Proposed mitigation measures Environmental Management Plan & Environmental Monitoring Program

3. Meeting Participants Each Subproject Commune, the participants expected to attend the meeting are:


CPO’s representatives Provincial Agencies: representatives DARD/PPMU/IMC, DONRE Local authorities: representatives of district and commune PCs, representatives of Vietnam

Woman Union, Public Health, Environment Division at District & Commune level, representatives of local communities.

Representatives of project affected people (PAP) to ensure they are meaningfully involved in the public consultation. PAPs representatives included affected by environmental impacts both direct and indirect negative impacts

Total of participants for one subproject : 30-50 peoples ( included PAPs and Representatives of CPO, Provincial Agencies, Local Authorities people PAPs making up about 20-35% of total PAPs) 4. Meeting Agenda (each meeting)

Duration for presentation

(minutes)

Content Presented by

5 Welcome CPC

10 Introduction of BHH Project & subproject PPMU

30 Brief Brief presentations on the subprojects/ADB

safeguard policy/IEE

Do Thi Nham-Environmental

Consultant-HASKONING

60 Discussion on environmental issues & potential impacts & mitigation measures & monitoring of

mitigation measure implementation, especially public

participation in environmental monitoring

All participants

5 Wrap-up & Closing CPO/PPMU

5. General Comments from Participants of all subproject’s Public Consultation Meetings The comments from the participants can be summarised as follows:

There is agreement on the construction of the Subprojects in Bac Hung Hai area because the subprojects will flushing by larger volumes of intake in the subproject area and larger volumes of discharge out of the scheme. Intensified flushing will have some positive effect on the quality of surface waters in the subproject area which will decrease waterborne diseases and improve life quality for local peoples.


Consensus is achieved on socio-environmental impacts and mitigation measures recommended by the Project’

Traffic risks during construction is worries/ attention for participants and stakeholders .but this impact is assessed with small level. However, the contractor is requested to prepare and execute a Transportation Management Plan for the construction period, to mitigate traffic jams and public inconveniences.


Mitigation measures in construction period should be studied carefully , especially residential area along proposed new and upgrading canals, for example, fence should be set-up properly

Increase of dust & noise level in construction period is considered as small due to subproject sites are not in residential areas. However, dust level to be increased by construction material & waste transportation if unstrict enforcement of environmental protection regulations

Works progress should be implemented timely, should not be delayed affecting the livelihood of people dwelling along proposed upgrading/ expanded canals


Construction time should be widely informed beforehand to affected household to plan agricultural produce & cultivation for acquisition agricultural land

Adequate Resettlement & compensation policy for affected households due to their agricultural land acquisition & replaced houses to stabilize life

Automatic trash rack at sluice gate is required in Technical Design

Conclusion

There is agreement on the construction of the BHH Subprojects and desired early construction

Consensus is achieved on socio-environmental impacts and mitigation measures recommended by the Project

All comments from participants & stakeholders will be considered fully in mitigation measures of Environmental Assessment & detailed design in next phase Participant’s Comments of each subprojects see bellow Table “Summary of Public Consultation Reports “ 6. Comments from Participants of the subproject’s Public Consultation Meetings


Summary of Public Consultation Reports (8)

National Road

Province Name of District

Name of Commune


Suggestions/ Comments

Nhat Trai PS

Bac Ninh Luong Tai Lai Ha My Hung Trinh Xa

54 Existing environmental condition Dust pollution due to most of commune road are earth road with vehicle actives River water is polluted by domestic and breeding wastewater Local peoples use BHH canal/river water for irrigation, livestock & clothes washing Collect rain water for drink & cooking use

Environmental impacts and mitigation measures Agree with mitigation measures recommended by the project consultant There is agreement on the construction of the Nhat Trai Drainage PS because

waterlogging situation of the subproject communes will be solved This waterlogging solving will have some positive effect on the quality of surface waters in the subproject area which will decrease waterborne diseases and improve life quality for local peoples

Construction time should be widely announced beforehand Dust and noises must be mitigated during construction, especially in residential area

included 8 households located along Nhi River where will be affected strongly by the project construction.

Regular watering during construction to avoid dust pollution as commune road is earth road

Strict supervision with participation of local people s and authorities is needed to make sure mitigation measures will be applied;

Sufficient signs and signals of the construction site to avoid accidents; Conclusion

Agreed with mitigation measures Agreed with the subproject construction and desired early construction

Nghi Xuyen PS

Hung Yen Khoai Chau Chi Tan 27 Existing environmental condition River water is polluted symbolically by domestic and breeding wastewater Local peoples use BHH canal/river water for irrigation, livestock & farm produce Collect rain water for drink & cooking use

Environmental impacts and mitigation measures Agree with mitigation measures recommended by the project consultant


National Road


Name of Commune



There is agreement on the construction of the Nghi Xuyen Drainage PS because the subproject will solve completely waterlooging situation by pumping of Chi Tan commune area

Automatic trash rack at sluice gate is required in Technical Design • Increase of dust & noise level in construction period is considered as small

impact • Adequate compensation policy for affected householder due to their agricultural

land acquisition to stabilize life Construction time should be widely informed beforehand to plan agricultural produce

for acquisition land Vice Chairman of Khoai Chau DPC –Mr Le Trong Binh undertake to create advantage

for ground clearance Conclusion

Agreed with mitigation measures Agreed with the subproject construction and desired early construction Local peoples and commune authority expected Combined irrigation-drainage PS , not

only drainage PS

Lien Nghia

Hung Yen Van Giang Lien Nghia Thang Loi Me So

43 Existing environmental condition River water is polluted symbolically by domestic and breeding wastewater Local peoples use BHH canal/river water for irrigation, livestock & farm produce Use rain water for drink & cooking and ground water from drill & deep wells for bath

& washing Environmental impacts and mitigation measures

Agree with mitigation measures recommended by the project consultant There is agreement on the construction of the Lien Nghia Drainage PS because the

subproject will solve completely waterlogging situation of more than 3500 ha of three commune area

Increase of dust & noise level in construction period is considered as small impact • Adequate Resettlement & compensation policy for affected householder due to

their agricultural land acquisition & replaced houses to stabilize life Construction time should be widely informed beforehand to plan agricultural

produce for acquisition land


National Road


Name of Commune



Resettlement time should be informed advance to to stabilize life Vice Chairman of Van Giang DPC –Mr Le Chi Vien: the Subproject construction should

be coordinated closely with 19/5 Road Subproject ( from Xuan Quan to Hung Yen) in Sluice under pass dyke construction Conclusion

Agreed with mitigation measures Agreed with the subproject construction and desired early construction

Chua Tong

Hung Yen Yen My Thanh Long Trung Hung

22 Existing environmental condition River water is polluted symbolically by domestic and breeding wastewater Local peoples use BHH canal/river water for irrigation, livestock & farm produce Use rain water for drink & cooking and ground water from drill & deep wells for bath


Agree with mitigation measures recommended by the project consultant There is agreement on site selection & the construction of the Chua Tong Drainage PS

because waterlogging situation regularly in rainy/flood season of subproject area will be solved properly

Increase of dust & noise level in construction period is considered as small impact Mitigation measures must be applied strictly to ensure dust, noise, water quality to be

meet permitted values Conclusion

Agreed with mitigation measures Agreed with the subproject construction and desired early Irrigation water supply PS ( from Kim Son to Cau Treo river) should be supplemented or

combined irrigation-drainage PS is needed for agricultural cultivation of Local Communities

Upgrading of bridges and sluices in the subproject area is needed to ensure comprehensive economic development & full benefit from subproject

Cau Dua Hai Duong Tu Ky Van To 29 Existing environmental condition River water is polluted seriously by domestic and breeding and handicraft village


National Road


Name of Commune



wastewater – Polluted BHH water especially in dry season results breeding fishes death seriously in ponds, canals

Local peoples use BHH canal/river water for irrigation, livestock & farm produce Use rain water for drink & cooking and Dinh Dao river water through rural domestic

water supply system for bath & washing, only cooking in dry season as rain water is not enough for whole year Environmental impacts and mitigation measures


Agree with mitigation measures recommended by the project consultant There is agreement on site selection & the construction of the Cau Dua Drainage PS

because the subproject will solve heavy waterlogging situation regularly in rainy/flood season of subproject area.

Design of New PS setting foundation level should be considered carefully as existing PS foundation is low & submerged in Thai Binh river ‘s high water level case.

Increase of dust & noise level in construction period is considered as small impact because the subproject site is not in residential area and material transportation by both navigation & road ways

Mitigation measures must be applied strictly to ensure dust, noise, water quality to be meet permitted values

All participants are happy as no land acquisition & no households to be replaced by the subproject Conclusion

Agreed with mitigation measures Agreed with the subproject construction and desired early

Doan Thuong

Hai Duong Gia Loc Doan Thuong 21 Existing environmental condition River water is polluted seriously by domestic and breeding wastewater


National Road


Name of Commune



Local peoples use BHH canal/river water for irrigation, livestock & farm produce Use rain water for drink & cooking and ground water from drill & deep wells for bath


Agree with mitigation measures recommended by the project consultant There is agreement on the construction of the Doan Thuong Drainage PS because the

subproject will solve waterlogging situation regularly in rainy/flood season of subproject area

Increase of dust & noise level in construction period is considered as small impact Mitigation measures must be applied strictly to ensure dust, noise, water quality to be

meet permitted values New canal should be design properly to minimise land acquisition Solid waste at sluice gate should be collected regularly to avoid odour & water

quality pollution • Adequate Resettlement & compensation policy for affected householder due to

their agricultural land acquisition & replaced houses to stabilize life Conclusion


Co Ngua Hai Duong Ninh Giang Van Giang 19 Existing environmental condition River water is polluted symbolically by domestic and breeding wastewater Local peoples use BHH canal/river water for irrigation, livestock & farm produce Use rain water for drink & cooking and ground water from drill & deep wells for bath

& washing; about 90% of total household used groundwater for domestic purpose Environmental impacts and mitigation measures

Agree with mitigation measures recommended by the project consultant There is agreement on the construction of the Co Ngua Drainage PS because

waterlogging situation regularly in rainy/flood season of subproject area will be solved and drained time will be reduced ( drained time by existing PS to Luoc river


National Road


Name of Commune



last 10-15 days) Increase of dust & noise level in construction period is considered as small impact Strict supervision on implementation of mitigation measures recommended by the

Consultant in the meeting New discharge channel should be designed carefully to avoid land acquisition of Dong

Am Temple ( now only The Temple foundation is closed to designed new discharge channel) Conclusion


Phu My Bac Ninh Thuan Thanh Dinh To 41 Existing environmental condition River water is polluted symbolically by domestic and breeding , handicraft village

wastewater & solid waste & rubbish Local peoples use BHH canal/river water for irrigation, livestock & aquaculture, farm

produce Use ground water from drill & deep wells for domestic purpose

Environmental impacts and mitigation measures There is agreement on the construction of the Phu My Irrigation PS because 11 200

ha of the subproject area will be ensured for irrigation supply. Thus, agricultural production will be high and local people life will be improved.

Agree with mitigation measures recommended by the project consultant Increase of dust & noise level in construction period is considered as small impact,

especially dust level increase will be insignificant due to construction material will be transported mainly by navigation way


Works progress should be implemented timely, should not be delayed affecting the livelihood of people dwelling in Subproject area

Upgrading/ lining of North Nhu Quynh canal system to ensure full benefit from

subproject Conclusion


National Road


Name of Commune





7. Pictures and List of Participants in Public Consultation Meetings Nhat Trai PS

Public Consultation Meeting at Trinh Xa CPC- Luong Tai District- 10, Dec, 2009

Nghi Xuyen PS

Public Consultation Meeting at Chi Tan CPC- Khoai Chau District - 14, Dec, 2009

Lien Nghia PS

Public Consultation Meeting at Lien Nghia CPC –Van Giang District - 14, Dec, 2009

Chua Tong PS


Public Consultation Meeting at Trung Hung CPC –Yen My District - 14, Dec, 2009

Cau Dua PS

Public Consultation Meeting at Van To CPC –Tu Ky District - 15, Dec, 2009

Doan Thuong PS

Public Consultation Meeting at Doan Thuong CPC –Gia Loc District - 15, Dec, 2009

Co Ngua PS


Public Consultation Meeting at Van Giang CPC –Ninh Giang District - 15, Dec, 2009

Phu My PS

Public Consultation Meeting at Dinh To CPC –Thuan Thanh District - , Dec, 2009

Lists of Participants in Public Consultation Meetings














