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Why do our students need to pass standardized tests?
How can we help our students show what they know on standardized tests?
Testing language is hyper-English (Calkins, 1998)
Vocabulary of the directions or questions uses a very proper language
Students need to know how to translate the words and phrases
ARTICLE DETAIL OPPOSITE PASSAGE PHRASE SELECTION SEQUENCE SIMILAR STATEMENT THEME TOPIC
BEST DESCRIBES BEST COMPLETES CAN TELL CHOOSE THE
BEST DOES NOT
BELONG MAIN PURPOSE MAINLY ABOUT MOST IMPORTANT MOST LIKELY RIGHT AFTER
Poetrymood, tone, stanza, line
Fictioncharacter, setting, plot, solution,
events Non-fiction
caption, bullets, text box, diagram, chart
Specific terms can be found in the state standards.
The month of the test should not be the first time students are taught reading strategies Infer, Visualize, Question, Determine
Importance, Make Connections, Synthesize, etc
Active Reading Using Schema (Background Knowledge) Using the Author’s Clues to Recognize
Important Information Identifying and Following Directions Re-Reading Skim & Scan Navigating the Text
1. Read the questions first, but don’t try to answer them before reading the passage.
2. Read the questions and choices carefully.
3. Reread the text before choosing an answer.
4. Be alert for signal words in questions.5. Questions are asked in different ways.6. Bolded words in questions are clues for
you to use.7. Use all the information you are given-
titles, captions, arrows, etc.
Practice building stamina at a desk
Don’t linger on hard questions Read the question carefully, looking for signal words, bold or italicized words
Read each question choice If you skip a question, be sure to come back
“Reading tests have predictable kinds of questions, and each kind requires a unique approach.”- Harvey & Goudvis
Multiple Choice Tests Have Four Main Types of QuestionsVocabulary QuestionsLiteral QuestionsSummarizing & Synthesizing Questions Inferential Questions
What… When… Which… Where… How… Which of these events happened first?
(sequence question) When you touch poison ivy, you… (asks information from the passage)
The answers are “right there” in the text
Teach Skim and ScanLook for key signal words (what, when, which, where, how)Match the words of the question to
specific words in the textScan several paragraphs to notice
events or steps in sequence Eliminate answers you know are not
true
Which statement best summarizes… What is the main idea… What is the main reason… What is the most important idea in this
article/passage/poem… This story/article/poem is mainly
about… This section mainly describes… This story/article/passage was written in
order to… Another title (good name) for this story
might be…
“Author and Me” Questions Teach strategies to DETERMINE
IMPORTANCE Read for the gist of the story/article The distracter is often the answer that is
most interesting, but not most important Screen out your personal opinion and
stick to the information from the passage Wrong answers are usually facts or
details from the passage Use the process of elimination
Why What can you conclude… What lesson does this teach… What is the problem… Which of these is most likely true
about… From the story you can probably guess… How does the author feel about… After reading this, what will probably
happen next… How did (the character) feel about…
Students must use the author’s words and personal background knowledge to infer
Students often try to guess based on their personal thoughts/feelings- REINFORCE referring back to the text
Search for evidence to support answer Look for text clues Focus on the author’s purpose Don’t over think
Calkins, L. Montgomery, K. & Santman, D. (1998). A teacher’s guide to standardized reading tests. Portsmouth: Heinemann.
Greene, A.H & Melton, G.D. (2007). Test talk: Integrating test preparation into reading workshop. Portland: Stenhouse.
Harvey, S. & Goudvis, A. (2005). The comprehension toolkit: Extend & investigate. Portsmouth: Heinemann.
Schoolwide, Inc. Testing fundamentals.