Strategic Plan 2012-2016 - KENDAT...KENDAT: Unlocking Potentials of Farming Communities Page 1 The Kenya Network for Dissemination of Agricultural Technologies1 Strategic Plan 2012-2016

KENDAT: Unlocking Potentials of Farming Communities Page 1

The Kenya Network for Dissemination of Agricultural Technologies1

Strategic Plan 2012-2016

Contact:

KENDAT

P.O. Box 2859,

NAIROBI. KENYA.00200

Tel/ fax: 254-020-6766939

Cell: 254-720-830260 / 254-734-525716

Email: [email protected] Web: www.kendat.org

1 KENDAT IS A Kenyan NGO, Reg, No. : OP.218/051/2005/072/3554

mailto:[email protected]


List of Acronyms

ACT Africa Conservation Tillage Network BIAMF Busia Integrated Agriculture and Marketing Forum CP Community Parliament FPEAK Fresh Produce Exporters of East Africa FFS Farmer Field School GAF Green Africa Foundation HCDA Horticultural Crops Development Authority ICRAF International Centre for Research on Agro-Forestry ICTs Information Communication Technologies IFRTD International Forum for Rural Transport and Development IMTs Intermediate Means of Transport ITDG Intermediate Technology Development Group KHE Kenya Horticultural Exporters LAMP Lari Agriculture and Marketing Programme MTMO Mwea Transport and Marketing Organization MoA Ministry of Agriculture NIDA Nkoola Institute of Development Associates PROLINNOVA Promoting Local Innovation UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization AHC Agribusiness Health Centre


1.0 Background

1.1 Country Context

• As the world becomes a global village in many respects, Africa will remain the last exploration and expansion frontier. Kenya is part of the realization and fact that sixty (60%) per cent of the world’s uncultivated land remains in Africa. This is over and above the very poorly exploited land under highly un-intensive agriculture. Indeed much of this land is quickly becoming desert under aggressive subsistence mining and lacking conservation practices. In many African countries it can easily be said that farmers are still in hunting and gathering practices. African yields of cereals have remained at about 0.8 tonne per hectare over the last 50 years. This is as other developing parts of the world like China have seen yields increase 4-5 times. In Brazil by adopting conservation agriculture practices, the country has managed to increase food production by 228% while land under cultivation has only increased by 31%.

Agriculture is the mainstay of Kenya’s economy, contributing about 25 per cent of Gross

Domestic Product (GDP) and employing 75 per cent of the total labour force (Institute of

Development Studies, 2006). Over 80 per cent of the Kenyan population live in rural

areas and derive their livelihoods directly or indirectly from agriculture. Many of these

rural dwellers practice smallholder farming and rare livestock. Small scale farmers

account for 70 per cent of total Kenyan agricultural production and 50 per cent of total

marketed output. The agriculture sector holds an important key to poverty reduction

through increased productivity, value addition and improved marketing.

In November 2011 the world population hit the 7 billion mark. By 2050 world population is exepcted to rise to 9.3 billion, the majority of this happening in developing countries. Food production must double by 2025 to feed sub-Saharan Africa. It must increase by 70% Globally by 2050 (FAO). This translates to increased demand for investment by firms to transform crops to food. Investors need to complement the pure agricultural explosion with innovations in rural logistics and lean value chain managemnt to cut down on waste and fatten margins.

In 2000 world urban population was 2.3 billion. In 2030 it will double to 4.6 billion. Rapid urbanisation in Kenya and demand for fresh, high quality, agricultural products in international markets has opened new income opportunities for farmers, rural food processing industries and transport companies. According to the World Development Report [2008], new markets for high value agricultural produce – driven by rising incomes, liberalised trade, advanced logistics systems and use of ICTs - have proliferated in many Developing Countries. These represent a considerable share of marketed value.


Arising new world markets represent an interesting opportunity for rural smallholders to

increase income from agricultural production and thus escape the poverty trap (Reardon

2007, p28-46). Kenya’s vegetable and fruit exports have grown substantially in the past

and national survey data from Kenya says that “almost all farmers, large and small, rich

and poor, participate in some form of horticultural production” (Minot and Ngigi 2003).

In Kenya, three quarters of the fruit and vegetable export production is coming from

smallholders. Participation in modern markets can increase farmer income by 10 to

100%, as examples from this country as well as Guatemala and Indonesia show (WDR

2008, p.127). However the smallholder farmer is increasingly being asked to compete in

markets that demand much more in terms of quality and food safety. The upcoming and

enlightened farmers find themselves increasingly under the sway of supermarkets,

processors and large export traders; hence more international competition.

Figure 1: The mandatory journey to 2050: Food or Perish: Major interventions Will be needed in climate change mitigation efforts.

From Jim Woodhill. Wageningen 2010


Smallholder farmers are struggling to keep families fed under deeply engraved,

traditional subsistence farming practices. Today they are under pressure to diversify into

higher-value products, where they must increasingly meet the requirements of more

demanding markets, both at home and overseas. These changes offer new opportunities

and pose serious threats to small farmers (Hazell et al., 2007). Careful support must be

put in place, to secure these farmers’ mandatory journeys from subsistence to business

farming.

Currently, the spatial dispersal of small scale rural farms and the accompanying poor

transport access is a major barrier to the efficient integration of rural farmers into the

emerging value chains. A precondition for marketing of high-value products is transport

efficiency and proper management of various activities within the supply chains. This

includes local transport services for load consolidation, handling, packaging and outward

transport to final markets. The new markets demand high quality, timely deliveries and

innovative upstream and downstream practices.

Figure 2: Agri-Food, hence Agri-business Transitions: the 3 P’s: Perspectives, Prospects

and Pathways that KENDAT must adopt to bring sustainable and progressive change to smallholder farming communities. For this change to happen production and consumer value-chains must be backed by technological innovation and requisite institutional innovation.

To optimise benefits from these emerging markets, there is need to improve the

structure, knowledge and evidence base in the organisation of agricultural value chains,


management and logistical support, with a focus on enhanced sectorial, institutional and

stakeholder links and workable solutions at every stage. Only with this knowledge and

support will the much needed organic growth and development have a chance (See

Figure 2).

1.2 KENDAT History and Experience

KENDAT was founded as The Kenya Network for Draught Animal Technology (KENDAT) in 1992. The aim was to form an organization that would merge efforts with others in the Eastern and Southern Africa region2 towards promoting sustainable development of otherwise neglected but traditional, draft animal power. Indeed, those that came together with a justified and poverty fighting vision saw animal power as an economically viable, technologically feasible and socially acceptable technology for African countries.

KENDAT was founded as a network of Kenyan individual practitioners, community groups, NGOs, institutions of higher learning and development supporters. The overarching development scene was a response to a United Nations call on advancing New and Renewable Resources, a theme of an international conference that had closed in Nairobi much earlier in August 1981. Draft animal technologies (DAT) were part of several identified means towards poverty alleviation. Such would enhance agricultural productivity and ease transport operations amongst smallholder farming communities, for accelerated national development.

KENDAT has since led and partnered in implementing numerous applied research and farmer advancement programmes and projects. These have seen development and policy players focus on rural development with a keener eye and a more effective hand at improving the livelihoods of the resource poor in rural and peri-urban communities. Over the years KENDAT has played a significant role in promoting oxen and studying camel traction. However in animal power use enhancement, the landmark efforts have been in advancing community based efforts towards happy and efficient work donkeys for Kenya and beyond.

KENDAT today is a well-known and deeply grounded friend of some 1million beneficiaries, in form of farmers, other rural development entrepreneurs, enthusiasts and supporters. Those in semi-arid areas are most appreciative of the support KENDAT has provided in advancing their skills in Conservation Agriculture3 (See Appendix for programmes and

2 Under the Animal Traction Network for Eastern and Southern Africa (ATNESA): TADAP in Tanzania, ENAT in

Ethiopia, APNEZ in Zimbabwe, SANAT in South Africa, UNATCA in Uganda, and others in Zambia, Namibia, Malawi and Mozambique. Others were such as Nigeria, Mali Niger and others in West Africa under the umbrella West Africa Animal Traction Network (WAATN) see Appendices for range of partners. 3 Conservation or Evergreen Agriculture is a broad term used in agriculture environment and crop protection

practices that enhance farming in harmony with nature, by simultaneously applying 3 principles: i) minimum soil disturbance, ii) permanent soil cover and iii) carefully selected crop rotations and associations.


projects KENDAT has intervened through. Current rural development and livelihood improvement partners are included).

In 2005, KENDAT re-defined her mission and vision under a new and wider mandate. KENDAT advanced beyond animal power promotion taking on the broader agricultural and rural development activity scope, under the new name: Kenya Network for Dissemination of Agricultural Technologies (KENDAT). At part of this milestone change, KENDAT changed from a company limited by Guarantee (which was wound-up) and was re-registered as a non-governmental organization (NGO) under the Office of the President, with headquarters in Nairobi, Kenya. 1.2.1 KENDAT Learning and Innovation KENDAT has outstanding experience of some 20 years, learning with others at the frontline of efforts at advancing the livelihoods of farming communities as key beneficiaries. KENDAT has used her experience as the platform for developing her next 5-year strategic plans. In recent times innovation has been influenced if not challenged by a new world order. Innovatiove capacity is now challenged by complexities in the strategies necessary to bring about sustainbale development. This means that KENDAT must call on new partnerships, some of which have previously been seen as external into her development mandate. Without the new entrants it may not be possible to fully comprehend, analyse, probe, categorize and act upon beneficiary needs and demands. These challenges now include but are not limited to:

Ordered and unordered contexts of simple, complex or chaotic cause-effect relationships that help define change interventions.

The need for new understanding of value-chains as influenced by world trade, climate change and how these and other developments make the operational scene ever more complex.

The need to work with a wider range of partners be they in governement, research, the private sector, urban, peri-urban or other vulnerable actors (see Figure 4).

Others. KENDAT adopts innovative ways of bringing about change by understanding and engaging communities where they are and according to their current definition and level of applicable change innovation. Depending on a particular community KENDAT interventions are likely to be technology focused, approaching a community as experts. As such a community advances interventions turn to be more concerned about stakeholder collaboration and applying interdisciplinary interventions. At this level, technology no longer is a stand-alone but linked to social and institutional change. As communities grow in taking responsibility for their own development, matters of complexity thinking, understanding human cognitive processes where issues such as politics and conflict join play, and are tackled. Here is where KENDAT has grown herself to now solidify her Theory of Change, ready for her own as well as necessary institutional transformation of partners.


At this high level of innovation KENDAT must take cognizance of balancing individual and relationship transformation with technological and system change. 1.2.2 Institutinal change necessary Figure 3 summarises KENDAT experience with the institutional change necessary to influence and advance as part of her, as well as beneficiaries’ development agenda.

Figure 3: Institutional arena and change factors needed to gaining sustainable rural

development. Action must place beneficiaries in control of their own development agenda through meaningful association that will maintain them feeling not only part and parcel but change drivers.

Figure 4 captures the value-chain of KENDAT innovative intervention agenda. There are many new players to be included from farm level to policy. As KENDAT repositions herself during the 2012-2016 period scope of activites will have to include many categories of partners falling bwtween the now commercialsed farmer and the consumer. KENDAT fundraising strategy will be derived from this inclination and realization by becoming an active player on her own and through partners be they local or international. Although KENDAT will define her niche around the farming communities, she will remain sensitive and engaged through partners towards building agro-industry. Policy and institutisonal reform will be of keen interest.


Figure 4 comprehensively shows the various player and undertakings as much as the external influencers that will determine the nature of business conducted at the technology transfer, business farming and other operational platforms. Some of the component players highlighted to act between the farmer and the consumer are:

Figure 4: Sustainble Value Chains: From Farms to Markets and to Consumers: For

meaningful and self propelling change, KENDAT and partners must view rural

development, beneficiary empowerment and the livelihoods advancement agenda

from full scope of beneficiary interests.

Adopted from Jim Woodhill 2010

The farmer’s supplier of inputs, the collector and the supproting association and network,

The vendor and the importer/exporter who influence what is going on in the agro-industry,


The distributor who deals between the agro-industry and the food services and the whlesale vendor

The wholesaler who deals between the indutry, the retail shop and the consumer. Complexity will arise from the many externalities such as shown at the bottom of Figure 4. These include but ar not limited to tenure, cooperative law and market regulations especially where smallholder farmers must be managed under group systems, public standards and tariffs, foreign investment policy and cultural preferences.

2.0 KENDAT Theory of Change KENDAT aims to advance its agenda by modelling ways of moving her previous development impact “from islands of success to seas of change”. For this to happen, a paradigm shift is needed. A paradigm is complete only if it defines the intervention logic and relationship building pathways. To do this, the paradigm shift must cover 4 key aspects that help define whole system change:

Tools and techniques,

Methodologies,

Concepts and approaches,

Assumptions, beliefs and ethics. Based on the background and other information presented so far, it is clear that the KENDAT prime client is the smallholder farmer and her supportive business and means entrepreneurs who have various supportive business interests such as in technology transfer, transport, input supply, micro-finance, etc. It is these supporters that are needed to move the farmer from subsistence to business farming. KENDAT has chosen to operate in rural and peri-urban communities of high business transaction capacity and volumes. It is in these areas that that conservation agriculture, renewable energy and animal welfare interventions make the greatest contribution to change in rural and peri-urban livelihoods, hence economies. 2.1 Where Farming Communities Are: Under-performing, Information, Means & Market -

Deficient Farming Systems:

The situation analysis of where KENDAT wants to rescue farmers from is characterized by (see Theory of Change Chart Figure 5):

Limited knowledge and difficult farm & logistical practices. Most probably these

farmers have only a hoe and a panga for technology in a world that has moved on to

more appropriate technologies like the Jab-planter, the animal-drawn direct seeders

and chemical applicators, the tractor and mini-combine harvesters etc. among many


other equipment and technologies. For transport these farmers have little, by way

of provisions in terms of intermediate means of transport, the means that close the

gap between head-loading by women and the pick-up truck. In this space, we have

wheel-barrows, various cycles, oxen and others, including the highly misused and

the most dependable donkey.

Poorly supported access, adoption & adaptation of technology & means, degrading

natural & other resources. Today, the Kenya’s smallholder farmer operates far from

Figure 5: KENDAT Theory of Change Chart: From where farming communities are to

where they want to be.

and without using technologies that have made a great difference in countries like Zambia

and Malawi, where agriculture is generally given more real attention and prominence.

There is a major technology access gap to close, even after more participatory methods of

Market Demands & Reduced

Cost of Transaction

Limited knowledge and difficult farm &

logistical practices.

Poorly supported access, adoption &

adaptation of technology & means,

degrading natural & other resources.

Smallholder farmers, exploited by lack

of recognition, voice & participation in

the predominant agro-economy.

Poor awareness, decision-making &

choice hence, lack of policy and other

centralized support.

Farmer managed platforms that

support conversion of

information to knowledge.

Structured and supported

access to technology, means,

input and output markets.

Competent Communities of

Practice modelling win-win

mergers of efforts among Govt,

Research, NGO, Input/Output

Actors, Financiers, Farmers etc.

Low drudgery, labour efficient, farm

and transport operations with special

attention to animal welfare.

Higher yields and incomes under

renewable energy systems.

Improved food-security, nutrition &

safety under Conservation

Agriculture Value Chains.

Emancipated farmers with

uncompromised stewardship towards

green energy & environment.

Highly Productive &

Resilient Green

Farming Systems

Agribusiness

Health Centres

(AHCs)

Under-

performing,

Information, Means

& Market - Deficient

Farming

Systems


accessing equipment services and proving the place for various technologies have been

perfected through the farmer field school and other methodologies of technology transfer.

We cannot afford to watch anymore and with hands down, the soil mining that is taking

place on ploughed soils that are losing a high percentage of rich top soils to each rain

season. The soil mining is associated with poor soil health resulting from farmers who

harvest all biomass and carry it away from the carbon-starved soils.

Smallholder farmers, exploited by lack of recognition, voice & participation in the

predominant agro-economy. Here entrepreneurial smallholder farmers growing

higher value crops like in horticulture are silent workers vulnerable to market

brokers who care little about farmer performance or livelihood improvement. This

precarious situation in an agricultural sector where the average age of the farmer is

50 years, struggling to prove the value of agribusiness to the youth, is leading to

dwindling sector performance results. Agro-productivity, food security and

competitiveness remain highly needy of aggressive and urgent redress.

Poor awareness, decision-making & choice hence, lack of policy and other

centralized support. The typical enterprising smallholder farmer finds herself

caught-up in traditional and subsistence farming approaches of the past. For her,

the journey to business farming is loaded with gaps, shortcomings and

inconsistencies, be it in the much needed farm, input shop, finance and general

institutional provisions. For this farmer, choice of crop or livestock enterprise, inputs

like seed and its selection, chemical choice, use and safety among many other

technological, social and finance issues make the journey really bumpy. Guidelines,

tools and processes that can take-in farmers’ experiences and opinions into policy

and other intervention process discussions are totally absent. Resources that are

meant to improve farmers and/ or marketing infrastructure often end up in the

wrong hands or projects.

2.2 Where Farming Communities Want To Be: Highly Productive & Resilient Green

Farming Systems

Where KENDAT wants to take farming communities will be characterized by:

Low drudgery, labour efficient, farm and transport operations with special attention

to animal welfare. On arrival at ‘destination’ farming communities will be applying

technologies that make the work of their hands easier and efficient. The farmers will

be using labour-saving technologies in Conservation Agriculture (CA) farming

systems> These are systems where they will have learnt to reduce soil disturbance

on their farms, maintain permanent soil cover and apply appropriate crop rotations

and associations that accommodate livestock. Here, farmers will be able to do more


with less effort, yet achieve higher levels of performance and marketable outputs.

To make this possible the concerned communities will be applying animal drawn CA

equipment at farm and transport work in operations where they will be giving

prominence to animal work-efficiency and welfare.

Higher yields and incomes under renewable energy systems. On arrival at

‘destination’ farmers will be proud from feeling included in agricultural economy

and putting more money into their pockets. They will be happy to attract their

youth back to farming systems that will be rewarding financially and in terms of

feeling progressive and included in a business sense. Advancing farming operations

to cleaner, greener and more sustainable operations will be added advantage. From

this, the farmers will stand a chance to gain from carbon credits, among other

development value addition and pride that others will be visiting to learn from.

Improved food-security, nutrition & safety under Conservation Agriculture Value

Chains. Farming communities will have learnt to farm higher value crops without

compromising the importance of food security and proper nutrition for their

families. Farmers will use saved resources and labour to build stronger safety nets

by engaging in non-crop enterprises like rearing chicken and fish as well as getting

into value-addition and marketing activities among others at the upper-end of the

CA value chains.

Emancipated farmers with uncompromised stewardship towards green energy &

environment. Overall, KENDAT work will lead to vocal and proud farmers who are

living examples of how CA value chains can help short-cut the otherwise long

journeys from conventional and subsistence farming to profitable commercial

businesses. These farmers will be happy to teach others how to place business-

farming at the fore front of sustained rural and peri-urban development agenda.

They will be able to demonstrate how stewardship to green farming and green farm

enterprise using renewable energy and work animals that are in good welfare is a

winning combination, a matter of farming God’s way; the path to true prosperity.

3.0 KENDAT niche and contribution KENDAT Purpose: To model innovative, efficient and resilient smallholder agribusiness systems for an evergreen Africa. KENDAT Vision: Kenyan rural and peri-urban communities where smallholder farming communities sustainably live in food-secure, productive and competitive agri-business systems.


KENDAT Mission: We empower smallholder farmers to sustainably improve their livelihoods through innovative access to information, technology, means and markets. Overall Goals:

Operating on the farmer empowerment arena that is challenged to produce 70% more food

for the world, and particulary Africa, where smallholder farmers are the majority, and over

the next 40 years:

KENDAT would like to strategically contribute towards the mandatory agribusiness arena

by building a niche where the following are observable at the end of the next five years:

Established farming communities of practice with a voice, thriving on structured and

accessible empowerement platforms where information is converted to knowledge

for reduced costs and growth of agribusiness transactions.

Farmer-led conservation agriculture, renewable energy and animal welfare value-

chain interventions that have built and fast-tracked emulable appropriate

technology transfer schemes for livelihood advancement, with adequate

stewardship to environmental protection and a green economy.

Information, technology, means, markets and value-addition platforms that have led

towards sustained growth and development of rural agro-industry as testimony to

successful farmer-led interventions for resilient change in agricultural productivity,

food security and competitive agri-business solutions.

Strategic Objectives:

1) We will build farming Communities of Practice (CoP) through the establishment of village level information, training, knowledge and experience exchange platforms, as well as technology transfer and acquisition hubs backed by model farms to showcase and fast-track advances in agri-business, across all components of Conservation Agriculture value-chains.

2) We will model and build capacity for rural farming communities to explore, apply and

exemplify renewable energy applications in their farming, household power and

value-addition to advance business while merging natural resources preservation

with practical climate change mitigation processes.

3) We will empower communities, farm and transport service providers to advance their household and livelihood systems through enhanced efficiency of utilisation and sustained attention and action towards the welfare of their farm and work animals.


3.1 The Transition Journey And Vehicle From Subsitence to Commercial Farming: The

Agribusiness Health Centres as the vehicles for Change:

It is clear from Figure 5 that KENDAT has the duty of moving farming communities from

where they are to where they want to be. After some 20 years of frontline experience in

rural development work, KENDAT has come to believe that the vehicle that will make the

change journey possible, efficient and smooth is the Agribusiness Health Centre.

In the next 5 years and as her most visible contribution to rural and peri-urban

development of farming communities, KENDAT will concentrate on establishing what the

organization has already initiated in Mwea and Lari. These are vibrant and eventually

farmer-managed Agribusiness Health Centres (AHCs) as hubs where enterprising

smallholder farmers among other rural and peri-urban entrepreneurs congregate so as to

be accessible by the range of supply-side actors to help them advance their journeys from

subsistence to business farming.

The AHCs will provide previously absent, organised, farmer-friendly and structured

platforms upon which innovative technology transfer practices can be grounded. Through

AHCs KENDAT niche in farmers’ empowerment will be enriched through capacity building

and referral services in matters of exposure to information, technology, means and markets

as they apply to conservation agriculture, renewable energy and animal welfare

undertakings.

Through AHCs farmers will be able to interact readily, easily, meaningfully and on equal

footing with their development suppliers or supporters. At AHCs they will be able to hold to

account, the supply-side actors, be they Government agents, researchers, NGO and other

trainers, input providers, financiers, their produce marketers and others. At AHCs farmers

will be able to receive referral information and services such as disease and pest

identification or track epidemics. They will be able to engage in AHC partner-linked services

such as for soil, livestock and crop sample testing. At AHCs rightful information, rather than

rumours (say about new seed, new inputs and/or resources etc.) will be availed, bringing

business sense and true participation into all farmer value-chain undertakings, hence the

trend towards full participation in the agricultural economy.

It is critical that AHCs have a well established structural as well as information feedback

loop as highligted in Figure 5 in red. It is this loop that provides the necessary dynamism on

what is on offer at the AHCs and its relevance in terms of problem solving ability in space


and in passage of time. Indeed, this loop is a very important and unique aspect of the AHCs

as it is what will keep farmers current as market level dynamics change over time.

3.2 KENDAT Delivery of interventions for sustainable and positive change Figure 6 shows the scheme of delivery that KENDAT has adopted. Again, this scheme has been realised from two decades of field experience and exposure to the dire needs of smallholder farming communities. During this time KENDAT has learnt and grown regarding how to innovatively make a difference and in short time periods. The scheme starts by challenging farming communities to identify their needs and suggest solutions, including what they have to offer when we sit at the interventions strategizing table. From these processes, stakeholder roles are defined and action plans drawn. The best platforms to anchor this process are the highly popular Community Parliaments.

Here, solid partnerships are established and nurtured as teams to address particular

compartmentalised issues are formed and labelled as ‘Ministries’. Like the national

Parliament, representatives from various Common Interest Groups (CIVs) and Farmer Field

Schools (FFS) meet regularly to help solve problems and call in help that is needed from

outside. This is over and above the training and exposure curriculum that runs under its

own calendar, and in parallel.

More recently KENDAT has discovered the power of the Agribusiness Health Centres. These

are described above and their mandate and problem solving scope is grounded and set via

the Community Parliaments.

Figure 6 shows the various components of the KENDAT delivery scheme. The scheme

stands on 3 related organizational pillars of strength, which are also the three

organizational departments, namely Conservation Agriculture, Renewable Energy and

Animal Welfare. Like three batteries in an electric circuitry, the KENDAT delivery scheme

(see Figure 6) has energy flowing upwards into and to further energise community

platforms and establish Communities of Practice (COPs or energy accumulators) with, now

established common and agreed development goals.


Figure 6: KENDAT Development and Change Delivery Chart

KENDAT & Partners

Community Parliaments & Agribusiness

Health Centres

Conservation Agriculture

Value-Chains Programme

Renewable Energy

Programme

Animal Welfare

Programme

Platforms for Modeling Food-Secure, Productive and Progressive

Agribusiness that Arrests Climate Change Through Stewardship to

Renewable Energy and Environmental Protection

Communities of Practice Climaxing Supported Access to

Information, Technology, Means and Markets

Emulable Models of Smallholder Farming Communities with

Enriched Livelihoods & Green Rural Development

Growing and Sustained Agro-Industry Development

Supplying Employment for Livelihoods that Attract the

Youth & Curtail Rural Urban Migration in an Increasingly

Evergreen Kenya and Africa


It is through these COPs that emulable models and examples of successful interventions,

led by smallholder farming communities that enriched livelihoods & Green rural

development can and will be propagated. The much sought and final destination is about

growing prospects for rural agro-industry development. With the foreseen, more robust

on-farm and off-farm employment supply, the high rates of rural-urban migrations, among

other projected and devastating trends of the next 4 decades, will be curtailed. The

ultimate goal is a Kenya and Africa that has smallholder farmers with productive and wealth

creating livelihoods, without compromising the scarce natural resources and the

environment in general.

Figure 7 is another schematic of the KENDAT development and delivery scheme of things. This is however from an organizational structure perspective. Again the organizational delivery rests on the departmental pillars; pushing structure into community-led platforms for stakeholder learning, experience exchange & efficient business transactions. Again it is through these innovative and structural networks that KENDAT believes smallholder farmers can gain true prosperity. Indeed the ultimate destination remains, when KENDAT helps model structures that contribute towards progressive communities in green and economically resilient agribusiness value chains. In this 5 year plan, major progress towards this destination is envisaged. It will be interesting to see how into the 2012 year, this development model will be appreciated and adopted by the changing Kenya where a devolved Government anchored at County level will ensue. 3.3.1 KENDAT Agribusiness Health Centre System

Figure 8 is the schematic of a typical KENDAT Agribusiness Health Centre (AHC). In typical

human health services in Kenya, local folk go to Health Centres whenever they are unwell.

Here they present themselves to medical practitioners for diagnosis. Upon test results, they

receive prescriptions which they use to receive drugs, according to their ailments. All

through, they are able to return for further treatment as instructed or according to the

progress their bodies make towards getting rid of the ailment.

The KENDAT AHC is designed for business, crops and livestock livelihoods, similar to what a

human health centre is for people’s welfare and livelihoods. A typical AHC will have expert

attendants ready to diagnose problems, samples and other crop and livestock exhibits as

well as offer referral services. The AHC typically has (see Figure 8) the requisite

administration and information exchange and training support infrastructure. It will have

links to an approved AgroVet shop. The shop will play the role of a pharmacy in a human

health centre, dispensing information and drugs as needed by ‘patients’ visiting the centre

and in accordance to the prescriptions presented.


Figure 7: Organizational structure for efficient delivery of

KENDAT interventions

Progressive Communities in

Green & Economically Resilient

Agribusiness Value Chains

Community-Led Platforms for

Stakeholder Learning, Experience

Exchange & Efficient Business

Transactions

One-Stop Shop Agribusiness Health Centres &

Model Farms

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A typical farmer will arrive at the AHC with a query or sample for diagnosis using the

information backing and databases available at the centre. Solutions or answers will be sought

at the centre or from among the partners in the network. Soil, crop or livestock samples may

be forwarded to experts or labs as needed. A courier backed service is available for soil

samples as organized by a private company.

Figure 8: KENDAT Agribusiness Health Centre System showing the associated institutional

organization and partnership links required.

FFS2 FFS1 CIG1

CIG2

CIG3

FFS4

FFS3

CIG4

Agribusiness Health

Centre

Admin &

HP Offices

Open-Air

Technology

Exhibition Unit

Conservation

Agriculture & Climate

Change Mitigation

Demo-Farm

Common

Market Outlet

& Efficient

Business

Transaction Hub

Agro-

Vet

Shop

Associated Training

and Information

Exchange Centre


Overall AHCs are planned to offer different services for different clientele over time, such as:

Regular Community Parliament and other meeting place for enlightening problem

analysis, live discussions and planning interventions,

Training, troubleshooting and referral services for diseases and pests, various

epidemics etc.

Exhibition and sales promotional ground for wares and products manufactured or

processed on farms,

New product, equipment and specialized input exhibition centre,

Produce value-addition, growth forecasting and market information base,

Community messaging by service providers and trends updating on development

issues.

Equipment and tools hire services,

Other services.

VHCs will aim to establish links with markets and to be connected to privately run model farms to serve a common market. By establishing these links KENDAT will be able to be practical about linking farmers to markets. This is the proven best means of completing the chain and grounding the previously elusive technology transfer processes. Individual farmers, farmer field school groups (FFS), and other Common Interest Groups (CIGs) will be out-growers to the VHC schemes whose greatest attraction is a market that can be challenged to perform and offer appropriate and ethical prices for committed and hard-working farmers’ produce.

4.0 KENDAT Organizational Structure and Management Chart (Organogram)

The KENDAT supreme power body is the 9-Member Board. Day to day operations are conducted under the CEO supported by the Management Team (MT). The new KENDAT has three operational programme delivery departments and one programme support unit plus a Fund Raising and Special Projects unit, as shown on Figure 9. The operational departments CA, RE and AW will be led by Team Leaders while the service support departments (F&A and FR &SP) will be run under a Finance Officer, Administration & Communications Officer and a Fund-Raising Officer, as units under the office of the CEO. The MT members are the mentioned Team Leaders and Officers. The Administration Team will include the CEO and the said officers who will provide a conducive work environment for the 3 departments, consulting but leaving Team Leaders to deal with non-administration (project management) matters of their departments.


Figure 9: KENDAT organizational structure and management chart (Organogram) Organizational Approach: 4.1 KENDAT Performance measures KENDAT performance, deliverables and impact of mission will be judged in terms of the following ingredients:

1. Definition of current status and situation analysis by conducting baseline studies that help identify and define the needs and gaps hence the most appropriate interventions

The Board

The Management

Team

RE:

Renewable

Energy & Climate

Change

Mitigation

Programme

The CEO

CA:

Conservation

Agriculture Value-

Chain

Agribusiness

Programme

F&A:

Finance &

Administration

FR&SP:

Fund Raising

& Special

Programmes

AW:

Animal Welfare for

Sustainable

Household

Livelihood Systems

Programme


and scope for advancing change in terms of access to technology, information, means and markets among participating communities.

2. Identifying and engaging key stakeholders to participate in a partnerships that build gender and environment-sensitive safety nets for operational and institutional change across all components of value-chains from farmer to policy levels, grounded at voice, action and impact-scoping Community Parliaments.

3. Innovative training and other capacity building agenda that taps into the knowledge held, capacity and work environment of stakeholders to advance interventions that leave farming communities engaged in self-driven agribusiness agenda that improve household livelihood systems and situations in terms of natural, human, social, physical and financial capital.

4. Programme and project monitoring and evaluation with due inclusion of beneficiaries to conduct SWOT4 analyses, absorb gains and challenge partners-in-development to grow old and newly found opportunities to the next advancement level.

5. Documentation of marketable materials for dissemination5 of intervention processes that have worked, proven ways of overcoming challenges as captured in case studies and success stories of community-driven mitigating actions and solutions emulable by others at all levels.

6. Growth of a credible and reputable organisation, known for open learning and sharing of progressive ideas, driven by quality and accountable institutional operations that pass the judgement of all stakeholders, donors and other supporters.

No departmental or organizational work will therefore be considered worthwhile or complete

until all these 6 ingredients have been given due attention in terms of scope, engagement

approach and reach.

4 Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats

5 Best practice process write-ups useable by supporters at farm to rural industry and policy levels. Extension

materials in form of books, booklets, brochures, media video-clips, DVDs and CD-ROMs, recorded lively debates, drama and role plays, formal classroom and other training models and material exhibits, learnings form cross-regional exchanges, ICT and mobile telephony exploitations etc. etc.


Table 1: Departmental Interventions & Delivery Guidelines: Vision of success, activities, milestones and key

implementation partners.

Conservation Agriculture (CA) Department

Conservation Agriculture Value-Chain Agribusiness Advancement Programme:

Vision of Success Within 5 years, at least 8000 farmers are actively engaged and training others in increasingly self-propagating, innovative conservation agriculture learning, adoption and exploitation processes where drudgerous, labour, power-inefficient and environment-destructive operations are minimised as improved productivity feeds accessible markets in more secured journeys from subsistence to commercial agriculture.

Activities Milestones Primary Responsible Worker or Partner (Institution)

1.1 Conduct focus-group and other meetings for discussions with existing and new community entrepreneurial groups as well as their development stakeholders.

Number of meetings held in each of the participating communities.

Definition of exploitable areas of development thrusts.

Visits to localities of successful CA practice.

Community SWOT analyses.

Clear roles of all participating and supportive parties.

- Lotech Ventures) - East African Breweries

Sorghum production Programme

- Brazafric (Brazilian CA Equipment Importer)

- Africa Conservation Tillage Network (ACT)

- Meru Greens Horticulture

- Mt Kenya Gardens - Kenya Horticultural

Exporters (KHE) - Kenya Fresh Produce

Exporters - ISAAA - IAPAR - Brazil

1.2 Establish Community Parliaments in KENDAT areas of historical operational importance.

In Mwea and Lari/Limuru, register of key farmer and farmer groups and other Value-Chain Common Interest Groups e.g. soil, crop and animal health experts, farm operational equipment hirers, produce buyers, transporters, entrepreneur financiers, processors etc., development supporters e.g. churches, local administration (soil, water, energy & environment) and leadership, specialised Government and Non-Government projects, social and other workers etc.

Community plans, their development and advancement agenda in agribusiness including the associated infrastructural, logistical and institutional support, actions or reform.

1.3 Support the implementation of community identified projects

Partners in implementation identified and called to take-on specific roles.

Advanced KENDAT model farm, information, technology, means and market


in accordance with their spelt out measures of development and sense of progress.

support to grow in tune with community and service needs. Action plans and project proposals with budgets and timelines including any gender or other differentiation

- CIMMYT - Community members - Umbrella Community

group leaders. - Individual group

members, leaders - Rural transport providers

(donkeys, boda boda, etc.)

- Government Poverty Eradication Programme

- Women group leaders - Youth groups/leaders - SACCO groups/leaders - Local administration - Finance institutions - Private sector providers - Nexus Tea - Market leaders/Providers - Osho Chemicals - Farmchem, Amiran, Yara

Fertilizers - Rural Infrastructure

operators - Artesian Marketing and

Horizon Communications

1.4 Establish or advance Agribusiness Health Centres in participating programme areas.

Established input and output information, technology means and markets exchange platform where supply-side and demand-side practitioners can meet in cost saving ways and on equal footing.

A one-stop-shop business hub with training and ICT backed information platform, specialised agribusiness input dispensary, soil testing and plant health trouble-shooting base among other farmer services.

Donkey welfare information and support office and information base for donkey users, Local Health and other Animal Service providers

1.5 Conduct CA Value-Chains programme and project monitoring and evaluation (M&E)

Farmer to farmer and other entrepreneur visits for information and experience exchange.

Stakeholder interaction and exchange workshops to gauge progress and impact.

Clear M&E information and tools approved by and involving community members.

1.6 Document learnings from various value-chain component undertakings, to generate technocrat, social, economic and policy environmental progress and impact reports useable by the CA fraternity.

Intern, research and higher learning institutional students and their professors attached to programmes and projects to learn and document ongoings and progress experiences.

Specialised consultants called in to document the learnings of various programme and project interventions, distil data and other specialised information.

Recorded, workshops, debates, reporting meetings and write-shops including members of communities and other stakeholders.

Uploadable materials for KENDAT and partner websites, DVDs, Farmer brochures, media briefs, DIY booklets, policy briefs etc.


Renewable Energy (RE) Department

Renewable Energy & Climate Change Mitigation Advancement Programme:

Vision of Success Within 5 years farmers are proud and living examples of what the much needed exploitation of solar, bio and wind energy sources are about and how the same can be exploited in applications such as economical and environment friendly solar water pumping into drip irrigation systems, crop processing for added value and marketing efficiency, drinking water purification, domestic water heating solar cooking and household lighting among other RE sources, and from applications to policy.

Activities Milestones Primary Responsible Partner/Institution

2.1 Expose farmers and other rural entrepreneurs to model KENDAT and partners renewable energy establishments at farm or industry and train them in RE applications.

Farmer and other entrepreneur visits to established RE applying institutions and farms.

Exposed and trained farmers and their supporters on the place, principles and application of RE in various aspects of CA value chains.

Communities and farmers familiar with RE applications in households and industry (pumping, heat exchanger, crop drying, water purification, cooking, lighting etc.).

Reports and training models and modules for the range of practitioners

- University of Kassel,

Witzenhausen, Germany. - GIZ/DAAD (Germany) - East African Farmers’

Foundation (EAFF) - Centre for Alternative

Technology - Lorentz (Germany) - Solar2World (Germany) - C-PRO; CYPRO COURT, Kenya

- Kijito Wind Pumps and

Generators (Thika. Kenya)

2.2 Establish a RE equipment stock, complete with installation information and trouble-shooting referral base at the Agribusiness Health Centres (AHCs).

Courses for RE users, stockists, artisans and service providers of RE systems (solar, bio and wind).

Technicians course on understanding, applying, service and repair of various RE systems.

Stocks of RE equipment, information and service pertaining to Solar, bio and wind application systems.

Non-KENDAT certified stockist directory of trained and supported sellers, artisans etc., to build the critical mass of RE users.

2.3 Mobilise support for farmers to acquire solar bio or wind power pumping drip irrigation, lighting, drying, cooking, generators and other kits for

Spelt out advancement plan to grow current KENDAT links with solar powered model climate change mitigation farms, advancing into farmers’ own domestic water purification, household lighting, biogas and wind power applications etc.

Identify Government and non-Government, donors and private sector (microfinance) partners and supporters to a robust Renewable Energy advancement programme.


their households and pre-industrial applications.

- ThinkSolar Kenya

- Die4.Revolution Energy

Autonomy (Germany)

- SolaTrend Kenya

- Artesian Marketing

- Infonet – Biovision (ICIPE)

- World Biofuels

- Kenya Horticultural Exporters

- Voice of America

2.4 Conduct Renewable Energy programme and project monitoring and evaluation (M&E)

Develop clear and acceptable M&E information and tools approved by participating community representatives

Farmer to farmer and other entrepreneur visits and workshops for evaluating impact in terms of plans and livelihood advancement.

Conduct wider stakeholder meetings of call to action to advance achievements and meet new challenges towards sustained growth and wealth creation.

2.5 Document learnings from various Renewable Energy component undertakings (solar, bio and wind), to generate technocrat, social, economic and policy environmental progress and impact reports useable by the Renewable Energy fraternity.

Intern, researchers and higher learning students attached to undertakings for organized information and data capture.

Specialised consultants and journalistic others to cover workshops, visits, AHC supply-demand debates etc. among stakeholders.

Reporting meetings and write-shops backed by hard and web-based entries like media briefs, Farmer brochures, DVDs, Exchange Blogs, Facebook, Youtube, Twitter, etc.)

Uploadable and downloadable materials like Do-it-Yourself booklets, Policy Briefs, gap-closing business opportunities etc.


Animal Welfare (AW) Department

Animal Welfare for Sustainable Household Livelihood Systems Programme

Vision of Success Within 5 years the Animal Welfare Programme will be influencing the understanding, attitude and positive action and policy for general animal welfare in Kenya and the region. Among other activities and animals the programme will be reaching some 200,000 donkeys to address their welfare challenges under improved husbandry, community, institutional and policy reform through providing emergency treatment, training and equipping Local Service Providers (LSPs) with knowledge and skills to provide quality veterinary health and welfare services.

Activities Milestones Primary Responsible Partner (Institution)

3.1 Conduct training courses on animal power utilization efficiency and welfare among KENDAT programme beneficiaries and publicly advertised courses targeting farmers, community groups, Government, NGOs, operational regulators, rural artisans and microfinance companies.

- Training programme with targeted trainees needing to understand animals, work animal selection and handling, animal housing and other infrastructure, carting for equines, oxen and camels, yoking and harnessing, CA farm tillage and transport, animal husbandry, farriery, dental and veterinary services for equines, yokes, welfare legislation (CAP360), traffic code, etc.

- Manufacture artisanry , business planning and accounting, etc.

Brooke Hospital for Animals (UK) and her affiliates or partners in Ethiopia, Egypt, West Africa, Jordan, Gaza, Afghanistan, India, Guatemala, Pakistan, etc.) - Brooke Regional Office (Nairobi) - Heshimu Punda Staff and consultants

- Lotech Ventures - AWAKE members (WSPA,

IFAW, ALIN, AURORA-Africa, AU-IBAR, KSPCA, KVA.

3.2 Conduct economic assessment of animal powered and other non-motorized transport operations across the range of users, environment and business enterprise.

- Authoritative technical data to lobby policy-makers industrialists and others. - Donkey versus other intermediate and non-motorized transport as credible

members of the transport industry. - User and DIY booklets, CD ROMS and DVDs on Donkeys for conservation farming Donkeys for milk, water, livestock and human transport Donkeys for fruit and vegetable water transport Donkeys for timber, wood and charcoal transport


3.3 In partnership with AWAKE members assess and establish solutions of animal welfare among other domesticated animals including the handling and transportation of livestock for slaughter.

Local industry and other sponsored surveys and studies that capture general animal welfare situation in the country.

Reports of Status and possible solutions for livestock transported for re-location and slaughter (cattle, chickens, sheep, goats, pigs etc.)

Status and possible practical solutions for improved animal welfare against standards set by the World Animal Health Organisation (housing, humane slaughter etc.)

KWVA, KVB, UoN, ANAW, FARM Africa, Practical Action, etc. DVS etc.)

- District Veterinary staff - LAHPs

- University of Warwick

- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

- Local artisans

- Vet-shop operators - Partnership NGO heads - IFRTD

- Universal Wellbeing, RSA

- ARC South Africa

- Donkey Power, RSA

- Community Donkey groups - Donkey Care Clubs

3.4: Training and other services to

help local service providers (LSPs)

identify emerging donkey needs

and provide welfare-sensitive

services, report epidemics and refer

complicated cases to KENDAT

veterinary staff.

LSPs increasingly in situation, numbers and geographic location understand and intervene readily upon prevailing user and donkey needs and have adequate knowledge and skills to provide veterinary services within their localities.

Reduced need for KENDAT/Brooke vets to intervene in routine health and husbandry cases of donkey health and welfare.

Readily observable and measurable improvements of donkey welfare even as and after KENDAT/Brooke vets re-locate to other locations.

User led interventions that help reduce prevalence of wounds, helminth (worms),

tetanus and rabies epidemics among donkeys.

3.5: Improvement in donkey husbandry, management and preventive care through continuous formal and peer training of donkey owners and users and participating primary schools.

Readily observable and measurable knowledge levels and skills in donkey handling, control and restraint, housing, hoof care, harnessing etc. increasing in 10’s of thousands of donkey users each year.

Each project year there is an increase of approximately 1000 pupils and 50 teachers involved in Donkey Care Clubs and their attachment and other public activities to help influence behaviour among adults and wider communities into the future.

M&E tools applied show that at least 50% of targeted community members each year receive courses on and apply animal needs interventions, husbandry,


management, healthcare and conflict resolution among humans.

- Local leadership and Administration

- Cart Horse Protection Association

- Gateway to Animal Welfare (FAO)

- Animal Traction Network for Eastern and Southern Africa (ATNESA) and Country Members in Namibia, Botswana, South Africa, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia and Sudan.

- CDC (Kisumu)

- Finlays (Kericho)

- The Donkey Sanctuary (Nairobi, Lamu & UK)

- SPANA

- Artesian Marketing

3.6: Influencing development and opinion leaders as well as regulators and policy makers.

At least 2 influential partners per year have committed their resources (money, time, and/or facilities) to improve donkey welfare.

Participation in at least three (3) key stakeholder policy and regulatory animal welfare and livelihood events per year, as platforms for advancing donkey usefulness, welfare and needs.

Continuous input towards partners’ development of harmonized animal welfare policies and local by-laws for a responsive donkey life and use environment.

3.7 Communities and donkey

service recipients influencing

donkey owners and users through

organised and regular public fora,

Donkey Welfare Week and the

Mtunze Punda Akutunze radio

programme.

Observable and measurable increases of at least 20,000 donkey use beneficiaries per year taking charge of influencing service providers towards improved welfare of their donkeys as active proponents of meeting identified welfare challenges.

Radio and other public forum (e.g. Annual Donkey Welfare Day) participants and beneficiaries are sending in credible SMS, email and other communication messages of support to the radio and other programmes clearly showing influence on themselves and fellow donkey users and beneficiaries.

A radio impact assessment report shows clear impact of radio messaging on donkey and other animal welfare.

3.8 Conduct Wider AWAKE Animal Welfare programme and project monitoring and evaluation (M&E)

Farmer to farmer and other entrepreneur visits for information and experience exchange reports progress and findings that include impact in terms of livelihood and other development advancement.

Stakeholder interaction and exchange workshops gauge positive progress and impact of animal welfare interventions against M&E tools that are approved by and involving community members.

3.9 Document learnings from various Animal Welfare component undertakings, to generate technocrat, social, economic and

Higher learning institutional interns and their professors, local and donor backed consultants attached to projects report on various aspects of scientific animal welfare findings and facts.

Work-animal user and DIY, health, artisanry, handling and husbandry essentials


policy useable progress and impact materials for the animal welfare fraternity.

booklets, CD ROMs and DVDs

Reporting meetings and write-shops including members of communities and other stakeholders’ web-based blogs, Youtube, Facebook & Twitter exchange fora featuring animal welfare for development topical items.

Distilled workshop, visits, debates and other reports available at the KENDAT AHCs for replay and follow-up by KENDAT, input and technology suppliers, farmers and their supporting agencies, media briefs etc.

Up-loadable materials for KENDAT, partner and policy reference websites

- Horizon Communications

- KBC/Inooro/Radio Citizen


Table 2: KENDAT Activity Timeline and Indicative Budget

Activity Timeline 2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Conservation Agriculture (CA) Value-Chain Agribusiness Advancement Programme:

1.1 CA Training

1.2 Community Parliamt

1.3 Project prioritization

1.4 AHC establishment

1.5 M&E

1.6 Documentation

Renewable Energy (RE) & Climate Change Mitigation Advancement Programme

2.1 RE Training

2.2 RE User Acquisition

2.3 RE User Support

2.4 M&E

2.5 Documentation

Animal Welfare (AW) for Sustainable Household Livelihood Systems Programme:

3.1 Animal power and

welfare training

3.2 Work Animal

Economy

3.3 AWAKE Wider A


Welfare Programme

3.4 LSP capacity building

3.5 Donkey husbandry

mgt & preventive care

3.6 Influencing opinion

leaders

3.7 Communities

influencing animal users

3.8 Wider AWAKE

M&E

3.9 Documentation

***See Attached Indicative Budget on Spread Sheet. It looks like below

Activity Indicative Budget Indicative

Total Budget 2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Conservation Agriculture Value-Chain Agribusiness Advancement Programme:

1.1 Conduct focus-group and other meetings for discussions with existing and new community entrepreneurial groups as

well as their development stakeholders.

Operations Personal

Emoluments

Travel &

Accommodation

1.2 Establish Community Parliaments in KENDAT areas of historical operational importance. Operations Personal

Emoluments


Travel &

Accommodation

1.3 Support the implementation of community identified projects in accordance with their spelt out measures of

development and sense of progress.

Operations Personal

Emoluments

Travel &

Accommodation

1.4 Establish or advance Agribusiness Health Centres in participating programme areas. Operations Personal

Emoluments

Travel &

Accommodation

1.5 Conduct CA Value-Chains programme and project monitoring and evaluation (M&E) Operations Personal

Emoluments

Travel &

Accommodation

1.6 Document learnings from various value-chain component undertakings, to generate technocrat, social, economic and

policy environmental progress and impact reports useable by the CA fraternity.

Operations Personal

Emoluments

Travel &

Accommodation

Overheads

Renewable Energy & Climate Change Mitigation Advancement Programme

2.1 Expose farmers and other rural entrepreneurs to model KENDAT and partners renewable energy establishments at

farm or industry and train them in RE applications.

Operations Personal

Emoluments

Travel &

Accommodation

2.2 Establish a RE equipment stock, complete with installation information and trouble-shooting referral base at the


Agribusiness Health Centres (AHCs). Operations Personal

Emoluments

Travel &

Accommodation

2.3 Mobilise support for farmers to acquire solar bio or wind power pumping drip irrigation, lighting, drying, cooking,

generators and other kits for their households and pre-industrial applications.

Operations Personal

Emoluments

Travel &

Accommodation

2.4 Conduct Renewable Energy programme and project monitoring and evaluation (M&E) Operations Personal

Emoluments

Travel &

Accommodation

2.5 Document learnings from various Renewable Energy component undertakings (solar, bio and wind), to generate

technocrat, social, economic and policy environmental progress and impact reports useable by the Renewable Energy

fraternity.

Operations Personal

Emoluments

Travel &

Accommodation

Overheads

Animal Welfare for Sustainable Household Livelihood Systems Programme:

3.1 Conduct training courses on animal power utilization and welfare among KENDAT programme beneficiaries and

publicly advertised courses targeting farmers, community groups, Government, NGOs, operational regulators, rural

artisans and microfinance companies.

Operations Personal

Emoluments

Travel &

Accommodation


3.2 Conduct economic assessment of animal powered and other non-motorized transport operations across the range of

users, environment and business enterprise.

Operations Personal

Emoluments

Travel &

Accommodation

3.3 In partnership with AWAKE members assess and establish solutions of animal welfare among other animals

including the handling and transportation of livestock for slaughter.

Operations Personal

Emoluments

Travel &

Accommodation

3.4 Training and other services to help local service providers (LSPs) identify emerging donkey needs and provide

welfare-sensitive services, report epidemics and refer complicated cases to KENDAT veterinary staff.

Operations Personal

Emoluments

Travel &

Accommodation

3.5 Improvement in donkey husbandry, management and preventive care through continuous formal and peer training of

donkey owners and users and participating primary schools.

Operations Personal

Emoluments

Travel &

Accommodation

3.6 Influencing development and opinion leaders as well as regulators and policy makers. Operations Personal

Emoluments

Travel &

Accommodation

3.7 Communities and donkey service recipients influencing donkey owners and users through organised and regular public

fora, Donkey Welfare Week and the Mtunze Punda Akutunze radio programme.

Operations Personal

Emoluments


Travel &

Accommodation

3.8 Conduct Wider (AWAKE) Animal Welfare programme and project monitoring and evaluation (M&E) Operations Personal

Emoluments

Travel &

Accommodation

3.9 Document learnings from various Animal Welfare component undertakings, to generate technocrat, social, economic and

policy useable progress and impact materials for the animal welfare fraternity.

Operations Personal

Emoluments

Travel &

Accommodation

Totals

Overheads

(10%)

Overall

Total



Appendices

Table A1: Some key undertakings by KENDAT rural development initiatives of the past:

Undertaking Time Partners, Collaborators and/or Beneficiaries Approximate

Number of New Beneficiaries

6

Pioneering promotional work and training on efficient utilization of draft animal power (DAP) re: oxen, camels and donkeys

1992 - 1995

University of Nairobi Dutch Project, Christian Mission Aid, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology, Guy Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture

40000

Key Conferences hosted Meeting the Challenges of Animal Traction Development: National & International workshops (38 country delegates) with elaborate field and industrial visits

June & Dec, 1995

DFID (Kenya), ATNESA, University of Reading, Animal Traction Development (UK), Triple W Engineering, Univ of Nairobi, Kenya Society of Agricultural Engineers etc.

4000

Gender Issues of Rural Transport June 1999 World Bank, SSATP (Washington & Harare), MWENGO, UN Habitat, ACE Communications, IFRTD, International Consultants/Development partners etc.

11000

Conservation Agriculture implementation programme for Kenya Kenya Conservation Tillage Initiative (KCTI): FAO (Kenya), Ministry of Agriculture (Kenya), University of Nairobi, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, KARI and others

Various regional and national meetings on rural transport and development (Gender, IMTs, Policy, Networking etc.) conferences

2003-2006 IFRTD (London & East Africa), ITDG, Ministries of Agriculture and Transport, National Forum Group (NFG) for Rural Transport and Development, Uganda, Zimbabwe and South Africa (NFGs), among many participating farmer groups and individuals

3000

3rd World Congress on Conservation Agriculture 2005 FAO, CIRAD, ACT, ICRAF, Government of Kenya, Various donors 2000

6 Whose Knowledge and/or Livelihoods have been impacted in Various Ways


and Regional Governments (Lesotho, Zambia etc.) NGO’s, private Sector companies and farmer groups

Write-Shop: Africa manual for Conservation Agriculture Extensionists 2005 FAO, IIRR, ACT, RELMA/ICRAF, Various Africa and international Organizational representatives

5000

Key projects undertaken in Applied Research, Agricultural & Other Rural Development Projects Gender Issues of Rural Transport: Applied research and re-construction of the Nkone River Bridge (Meru Kenya)

1998-1999 IFRTD, ITDG, Government of Kenya, representatives of various African and Asian nations, Meru District and other communities

3000

Donkey carts for rural transport and artisan training programme 1998-2000 DTU (University of Warwick), Maasai women groups, DAO Kajiado, Kinoo/Wangige farmers/Machakos, Masii transporters

5000

Animal power requirements, implement design & soil conservation dynamics

1993-1996 SLU/SUAS (Sweden), University of Nairobi 500

Land Management: Pioneering work in Conservation Tillage in Kenya 1999-2004 Regional Land Management Unit (RELMA/ICRAF), KARI (Kisii), SCAPA (Tanzania), MONSANTO

8000

Technical Corporation Project (TCP) on Conservation Tillage for Kenya 2002-2003 FAO Rome, GTZ, Min of Agriculture, KARI Kenya, MONSANTO 12000

Conservation Tillage Tests for a range of Minimum-Till planters for MONSANTO Kenya

2003-2004 MONSANTO Kenya, KCTI 200

Regional artisan training for manufacture and marketing minimum-till planters

2004 SAMEP (Zambia & South Africa), Univ of Nairobi, Artisan companies

850

Rural Transport Services: Intermediate Means of Transport (IMT) & Non-Motorised Transport with socio-economic & environmental studies while Linking Farmers to Markets in Kenya, collaborating with Uganda and Ghana (Conducted through Community Parliaments)

2002-2005 DFID/NRIL, SIDA, Univ of Warwick, SRI (Ergonomics), NIDA, IFRTD, ITDG, UN Habitat, GIS & Environment consultants, Farmer Groups, TRL, ITTransport, NFG Uganda, Durham University (UK), Triple W Engineering, Farmer Groups, Rural transport providers etc.

60000

CA-SARD I: advancing Conservation Agriculture Development in Kenya and Tanzania, in collaboration with Uganda, Ghana & Zambia (KENDAT Manager): Conducted through Farmer Field Schools (FFS)

2004-2007 FAO Rome/Kenya, KARI, Min of Ag, USAID: Kenya Maize Programme, ACT, KCTI, CIMMYT, Magnum, NANDRA, Ndume Ltd., Farm Engineering, Holman Brothers, Government RTDUs, Baraka College, SACRED Africa, Farmer Groups, Artisans & CA Equipment Hirers etc.

160000

CA-SARD II: Advancing Conservation Agriculture Development in Kenya, Tanzania & Burkina Faso: Conducted thorugh Farmer Field Schools (FFS)

2008-2011 FAO Rome/Kenya, KARI, Min of Ag, ACT, ICRAF, Government RTDUs, Farmer Groups, CA Equipment Hirers Extension Officers among others

200000

Community collective action in management and preservation of the environment and landscapes

2008-Present

LandCare International (LI), AUSAID, ALN, ICRAF, Farmer Groups & other beneficiaries among farming communities.

20000

Agriculture, livelihoods and environmental protection projects 2008- Present

Eco-Agriculture Partners (EP), ICRAF, KENVO, Min of Agric, GROOTS, Museums of Kenya, 21

st Century, AFRINET & Farmer

20000


groups in Various Kenyan agro-ecological and forested environments.

Heshimu Punda (Respect the Donkey) work animal power utilization, efficiency enhancement, husbandry and human behaviour change interventions for sustained animal welfare: Conducted through innovative community engagement (User and schools’ donkey care clubs, etc.) user, partner and leadership engagements backed by an elaborate weekly radio programme. Brooke which specializes in Equine Welfare has other affiliates and partners in Pakistan, India , Ethiopia, Jordan, Egypt, Afghanistan, Guatemala, among others).

2002 - Present

Sponsored by Brooke Hospital for Animals (The Brooke), Animal Welfare Action Kenya Donkey owners and users and (AWAKE: composed of Ministry of Livestock, KSPCA, KVA, KWVA, KVB, ANAW,AU-IBAR, FARM Africa, KWS, PA, Artesian, UoN, CAHNET, KARI, ALIN, IFAW, WSPA etc.), DVOs, LAHPs, Leadership and Transport Regulators, Policy makers,

300000

Innovation policy, Promoting Farmer Initiatives & local livelihoods or technological innovations (PROLINNOVA Kenya)

2008 - Present

World Neighbours, ETC, KARI, RODI, SACDEP, PELUM, SACRED Africa, ETC (Wageningen NL), Farmer groups in Machakos/Kitui and Western Kenya

40000

Key Farm power policy, planning and management evaluation consultancies & assignments Draft Animal Power Programme and Policy for Government of Namibia

1998 ATNESA, KENDAT Government of Namibia 500

Use of camels in traction and transport (hauling carts). Power performance of camels, including physiological measurements. Field tests and dissemination in Kajiado and Laikipia districts.

1998-1999 Farm Africa Pastoralists Development Project: Camel Traction Programme.

1000

Gender and development issues of Rural Transport: Interactive field visits for conference delegates

2000, 2001 World Bank (Harare): Gender & Rural Transport Initiative (GRTI), MWENGO, UN Habitat, Community groups

500

Programme Proposal Development (for submission to willing donors): Agricultural Mechanization and Low Cost Technologies: The Animal Traction Initiative.

1999 Government of Uganda, Uganda National Farmers’ Association (UNFA), Farming Communities

3000

Animal power planning and interventions for Farming in Tsetse Controlled Areas, conducted with elaborate demonstrations and field days

2002 FITCA, African Union – IBAR, Ministry of Agriculture 30000

Draft Animal Power Toolkit (On CD-ROM) 2003-04 DFID/NRIL, ATNESA, Animal Power enthusiasts 1000

Labour mitigation technologies among HIV/AIDS farmers 2003 FAO-Kenya, DAO Bondo etc. 2000

Labour-saving technologies for rural households, including improved hand-tools and energy saving stoves (jikos), conducted with heavy interaction with communities

2003 FAO-Rome, KARI, SARI, DAO’s Arusha, Bondo, Siaya 6000

Africa Extension Manual for Conservation Agriculture with a multi-disciplinary and livelihoods approach, including Africa peculiarities in

2003-2005 World Bank (Washington DC) Soil Fertility Initiative (SFI), IAPAR (Brazil), ACT (Zimbabwe)

2000


smallholder agriculture and environment protection and development (CD-ROM)

Impact of animal power project interventions 2007 World Vision-Southern Sudan 600

Animal powered farm and transport equipment manufacture and training for Rwanda rural and peri-urban communities

2008-2009 MINAGRI, Luxembourg (LUXDEV), Lotech Ventures 3000

Total 944150


Table A2: Current key KENDAT Partners

Acronym Organization and link Nature of collaboration

Local and Regional NGOs

APNEZ Animal Power Network of Zimbabwe

Animal traction collaboration and networking. Members of ATNESA.

ACT Africa Conservation Tillage Network www.act-africa.org

Advancing Conservation Agriculture regionally and internationally. Special KENDAT role in CA equipment training and ACT representation at international fora.

ALN Africa Landcare Network www.worldagroforestry.org/projects/landcare

Project implementation with people centred approaches to land resource preservation. Links to eastern and southern Africa land carers network originated and centred in Australia.

ALIN Arid Lands Information Network www.alin.or.ke

Innovative approach to availing information to pastoral and other remotely located communities.

ATNESA Animal Traction Network for Eastern and Southern Africa www.atnesa.org

Regional think-tank and support to research, policy, networking, common learning and dissemination of Animal Power and Welfare methodologies within and between countries.

Farm Concern

Farm Concern International www.familyconcern.net

Commercial villages model of linking farmers to markets. Currently active in Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Tanzania, Malawi

FARM Africa

Maendeleo Programme www.farmafrica.org.uk

Conservation Agriculture advancement among smallholder farmers in Kenya and Tanzania

ICRW The International Center for Research on Women www.icrw.org

Gender issues of rural development and the Prolinnova network

IMAG/DLO Institute of Agricultural & Environmental Engineering www.vivo.cornell.edu/display,

www.sciencedirect.com

Joint training of artisans for the production of CA equipment. Links to Dutch rural development bases.

IFRTD International Forum for Rural Transport & Development www.ifrtd.org

Projects implementation in rural transport and logistics, gender issues of rural transport, referral services and the National Forum Group for Rural Transport and Development, involving players across practitioner, research and policy institutions.

TTi German international transport training initiative www.transport-training-initiative.org

Rural logistics and transport research, planning economics and policy project implementation support.

PA Practical Action (former ITDG) www.practicalaction.org

Projects implementation in rural technology. Partners in Brooke Hospital for Animals sponsored Equine Welfare projects.

ITT Intermediate Technology Transport www.ittransport.co.uk

Development of transport and other infrastructure with the aim of poverty alleviation.

ILRI International Livestock Research Farmer Field Schools for livestock, livestock statistics

http://www.act-africa.org/

http://www.worldagroforestry.org/projects/landcare

http://www.worldagroforestry.org/projects/landcare

http://www.alin.or.ke/

http://www.atnesa.org/

http://www.familyconcern.net/

http://www.farmafrica.org.uk/

http://www.icrw.org/

http://www.vivo.cornell.edu/display

http://www.sciencedirect.com/

http://www.ifrtd.org/

http://www.transport-training-initiative.org/

http://www.transport-training-initiative.org/

http://www.practicalaction.org/

http://www.ittransport.co.uk/


Institute www.ilri.org

and disease surveillance

KENVO Kijabe Environmental Volunteers www.kenvokenya.com

Joint implementation of EP sponsored projects such as Eco-Agriculture scoping studies, policy review and CKS initiatives

KVA & KWVA

Kenya Veterinary Association and Kenya Women Veterinary Association www.vetkenya.co.ke, www.kwva-2010.blogspot.com

Partners of animal welfare professionalism, operational husbandry and policy interventions under the Animal Welfare Action Kenya (AWAKE) network

KSPCA Kenya Society for Protection and Care of Animals www.kspca-kenya.org

Partners in work-animal utilization and welfare, supported by the Donkey Sanctuary of UK. Members of AWAKE.

Malawi DAP

Malawi draft animal power programme

Common learning in work animal utilization and farmers exchange visits

NAPP Government of Namibia Animal Power Programme

Animal power and welfare exchange, from operations to policy development. Members of ATNESA

Prolinnova Promoting local innovations www.prolinnova.net

Identifying and supporting farmer innovation advancement in agribusiness value-chains. Supported by ETC of Netherlands and including other partner’s efforts as described under their sections here.

PELUM Participatory Ecological Land Use Management, Kenya www.pelum.net

Networking for healthier human lives based on ecological stewardship. Members of Prolinnova.

RODI Resource Oriented Development Initiatives www.rodikenya.org

Collaborative work in rural development with emphasis on rural women empowerment, information dissemination in food and nutrition issues.

SANAT South Africa Network for Animal Traction

Draft animal power collaboration in training and other networking (Members of ATNESA)

SACDEP Sustainable Agriculture Community Development Programme www.sacdepkenya.org

Partners in the promoting local innovation and farmer mobilization for sustainable agriculture collaborative work.

SACRED-Africa

Sustainable Agriculture Centre for Research and Development in Africa www.sacredafrica.org

Partners in the promoting local innovation and farmer mobilization for conservation agriculture, local maize bundling, storage and marketing experience.

TRL Transport Research Laboratory www.trl.co.uk

Creating the future of transport. Independent research, consultancy, testing and advice for all aspects of transport

TADAP Tanzania Association for Draught Animal Power

Animal traction networking (Members of ATNESA)

UNATCA Uganda Network for Animal Traction and Conservation Agriculture

Animal traction and conservation agriculture networking (Members of ATNESA)

WN World Neighbours www.wn.org

Co-implementers and hosts of Prolinnova Kenya work. Members of Prolinnova.

http://www.ilri.org/

http://www.kenvokenya.com/

http://www.vetkenya.co.ke/

http://www.kwva-2010.blogspot.com/

http://www.kwva-2010.blogspot.com/

http://www.kspca-kenya.org/

http://www.prolinnova.net/

http://www.pelum.net/

http://www.rodikenya.org/

http://www.sacdepkenya.org/

http://www.sacredafrica.org/

http://www.trl.co.uk/

http://www.wn.org/


SAMeP Smallholder Agricultural Mechanization Promotions [email protected]

Zambian experience in animal traction utilization and conservation agriculture.

Research Organizations & Institutions of higher learning

ARC Agricultural Research Centre – South Africa www.arc.agric.za

Agricultural research and operational planning and project bidding support. Partners in ATNESA and competitive state of the art value-chain application interventions.

ASARECA Association for Strengthening Research in Eastern and Central Africa www.asareca.org

Project bidding support and communication dissemination network provisions. Infonet project facilitation & links to FARA, NEPAD and other regional bodies.

Baraka College

Baraka Agricultural College www.sustainableag.org

Joint training of CA practitioners under FFS methodology.

CABI CABI International www.cabi.org

Collaborative work in improving lives by solving problems in agriculture and the environment. Mobile telephone use in agricultural value-chain information exchange systems.

CIMMYT International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre www.cimmyt.org

Collaborative research work, KENDAT providing the farmers’ network and reach. Advisory service in agricultural research and development.

EU Egerton University www.egerton.ac.ke

Collaborative value-chain research and training and animal power application and networking.

FARA Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa www.fara-africa.org

Regional research scoping and coordination. Hole of RAILS network described below.

GART Golden Valley Agricultural Research Trust www.gartzambia.org

Collaborative research and development work, farmer experience exchange

ISAAA International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications www.isaaa.org

Global knowledge sharing network and public and private sector partnerships in the research and development continuum. Advisory service in agricultural research and development.

ICRAF World Agroforestry Centre www.worldagroforestrycentre.org

Collaborative research and extension work, KENDAT providing the farmers’ network and reach. Partners in Landcare, EcoAgriculture and Conservation Agriculture with Trees (CAWT)

JKUAT Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology www.jkuat.ac.ke

Collaborative agricultural engineering and crops research and development application. Members of Prolinnova and other networks.

KARI Kenya Agricultural Research Institute www.kari.org

Collaborative agricultural engineering and crops research and development application. Members of Prolinnova and other networks. Co-implementers of various projects via ACT, CA-SARD, soils research and other works.

MU Moi University www.mu.ac.ke

Collaborative agricultural engineering and crops research and development application. Members of

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.arc.agric.za/

http://www.asareca.org/

http://www.sustainableag.org/

http://www.cabi.org/

http://www.cimmyt.org/

http://www.egerton.ac.ke/

http://www.fara-africa.org/

http://www.gartzambia.org/

http://www.isaaa.org/

http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/

http://www.jkuat.ac.ke/

http://www.kari.org/

http://www.mu.ac.ke/


Prolinnova and other networks.

RAILS Regional Agriculture Information and Learning Systems www.erails.net, www.iaald.org

Village information resource centres backing with information dissemination and ICT method and application support.

SARI Selian Agricultural Research Institute www.sari-shp.org, www.kilimo.go.tz

Primary base for Tanzania collaborative CA research and development work. CASARD Project co-implementers.

SUAS Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se/en

Collaborative research in animal equipment and power measurements, transport and animal welfare quality for animals for slaughter, transport logistics and smart GIS planning.

UW University of Warwick www.warwick.ac.uk

Animal drawn carts design, development and training.

Development partners and International NGOs

BHA (The Brooke)

The Brooke Hospital for Animals and her affiliates in Ethiopia, Egypt, Jordan, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Guatemala, Israel etc. www.thebrooke.org

Flagship Partnership work on equine welfare and specifically Kenyan donkeys. Community interventions for individual and institutional reform programmes towards improved donkey health, husbandry and welfare.

CIRAD Centre de Cooperation Internationale Enrecherche Agronomique pour le Development www.cirad.fr/en

Collaborative research and development projects in the field of Conservation Agriculture and promoting local innovation.

DFID Department for International Development (UK) www.dfid.gov.uk

Sponsorship of rural development research, workshops and extension projects in rural logistics and intermediate means of transport, linking farmers to markets and innovative draft animal power users’ information and database development etc.

EP Ecoagriculture Partners www.ecoagriculture.org

Sponsorship of environment and landscape level conservation research and development projects.

FAO, Rome, Kenya and Sudan

Food and Agricultural Organization www.fao.org

Sponsorship of Conservation Agriculture Farmer Field Schools, farmer to farmer exchanges, equipment use and manufacture training by rural artisans etc.

ICIPE International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology: Infonet-Biovision www.infonet-biovision.org

Village level farmer information website & centres. Training modules development for animal welfare and renewable energy.

IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development www.ifad.org

Smallholder farming experience exchange and learning.

SIDA Swedish International Development Agency

Support to rural transport environment and logistics research and development.

http://www.erails.net/

http://www.iaald.org/

http://www.sari-shp.org/

http://www.kilimo.go.tz/

http://www.slu.se/en

http://www.warwick.ac.uk/

http://www.thebrooke.org/

http://www.cirad.fr/en

http://www.dfid.gov.uk/

http://www.ecoagriculture.org/

http://www.fao.org/

http://www.infonet-biovision.org/

http://www.ifad.org/


www.sida.se

DITSL German Institute for Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture, Witzenhausen, Germany. www.ditsl.org

Renewable energy training and referral services.

Government partners

DVS Director of Veterinary Services Animal welfare research and development data bases. Host of AWAKE partnership and common-learning and policy networks.

DAOs District Agricultural Officers Field base links between agricultural policy and extension services support.

DALEOs District Agriculture and Livestock Extension Officers

Field base links between livestock policy and extension services support.

MoA Ministry of Agriculture Policy level support and umbrella development links to powers that be.

GOSS: MOA

Government of Southern Sudan: Ministry of Agriculture

New links and opportunities for agribusiness support, animal power equipment and other agro-input supplies. Training of tractor power operators.

MINAGRI Ministry of Agriculture, Rwanda Supply of DAP equipment and training of beneficiaries.

SCAPA Soil Conservation and Agroforestry Project in Arusha

Collaborative development work.

Local private sector companies

Brazafric

Brazafric Ltd www.brazafric.com

Supply of CA value-chain equipment of Brazilian origin.

CAT Centre for Alternative Technologies www.cat.co.ke

Supply, installation and training in use of solar power equipment, power back-up applications for water pumping, household lighting and value addition.

EKIMA Ekima Engineering, Machakos Joint training of artisans to manufacture CA equipment in local workshops.

FRIGOKEN An Aga Khan Foundation Agriculture value chain and marketing company www.frigoken.com

Horticulture value chain and marketing link.

KHE Kenya Horticultural Exporters www.khekenya.com

Horticulture value chain analysis and marketing link to ethical trade and community outgrower and training services.

Bob Harries Engineering

Kijito Windmills; www.kijitowindpower.com

Wind power and wind generator applications

Kenya Fresh www.kenyafresh.co.ke Horticulture value chain and marketing link.

LTV Lo-tech Ventures Ltd Joint training of artisans to produce carts, CA and other equipment.

MGH Meru Green Horticulture Ltd www.technoserve.org

Collaborative training work in production and marketing of horticultural produce.

MKG Mt Kenya Gardens Collaborative training work in production and marketing of horticultural produce.

NANDRA NANDRA Engineering, Moshi. Tanzania

Joint training of artisans. CASARD co-implementers.

http://www.sida.se/

http://www.ditsl.org/

http://www.brazafric.com/

http://www.cat.co.ke/

http://www.frigoken.com/

http://www.khekenya.com/

http://www.kijitowindpower.com/

http://www.kenyafresh.co.ke/

http://www.technoserve.org/


Documents

Strategic Plan 2012-2016 - KENDAT...KENDAT: Unlocking Potentials of Farming Communities Page 1 The Kenya Network for Dissemination of Agricultural Technologies1 Strategic Plan 2012-2016