Storage Tank Gauging

09/04/2008

Classification:INTERNAL

Tank GaugingRob Vermeulen

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 2

What is Tank Gauging? What makes it What is Tank Gauging? What makes it different from level measurement?different from level measurement?

A generic name for the static quantity assessment of liquid products in bulk storage tanks

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 3

It’s all about Tanks and volume

Tank Gauging is all about Storage & Inventory

Storage is done in BST’s (Bulk (Liquid) Storage Tanks

Tank form depends on Product and needs

Understanding the customer needs

with TG, starts with understanding their way of storage, i.e.

their tanks.

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 4

An Introduction to Tank Gauging Examples of products measured

•Asphalts and Bitumen

•Crude oils

•Lube oil base stocks

•Fuel oils

•Kerosene

•Jet fuels

•Diesel fuels

•Naphta’s

•Gasolines

•LPGs

•Alcohols

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 5

Main motivation

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 6

Motivation for Tank Gauging

$

• leak control and Reconciliation (environmental protection)

• oil movement & Operations

For a tank diameter of 40m:

1 mm 1250 litre

• Custody transfer for taxes, customs (weights & measures)

• Inventory Control (internal accounting)

1 Barrel = 159 litre

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 7

Why Tank Gauging?

Tank Gauging is essential to determine the inventory of liquid bulk storage tanks.

The following types of operation can be categorised:

Inventory Control

Custody Transfer

Oil Movement & Operations

Leak Control & Reconciliation

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 8

Custody transfer

20.000 tons of crude oil

Comes a tanker in a harbor…

…no problem I have a flow meter on board!

Q: how can I trust his flow meter?

Q: is it really 20.000 tons?.. I just buy my own meter!

Problem:Ship meter: 20.090 tonsOwn meter: 20. 078 tons

Who is right?

Buyer: My flow meter says 20.078 tons and level meter 20. 078 tons. Who is right here?

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 9

Custody Transfer

Measurement of product transfer between ship and shore and/or shore and pipeline transmission systems.(Batch dependant).

Use as verification tool for Flow meters.

Where Custody Transfer or assessment of taxes, duties or royalties are involved, the complete system must be officially approved and certified.

www.ptb.de www.oiml.com

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 10

OIML R85 accuracy requirements

before installation

before installation

after installation

after installation

Standard applications

(refrigerated applications)

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 11

Inventory Control

Important ‘management tool’ for any refinery, terminal and storage company. (How rich are we today?)

Can be based on volume and/or Mass

In-plant accuracy requirements are less critical with independent storage companies and terminals. Reliability and repeatability are much more important.

€

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 12

Oil Movement & Operations

Measurement and repeatability are more important than the absolute accuracy

Requires compatibility with control and management systems, such as PLC, SCADA en ERP systems

System must be flexible for integration of field instruments

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 13

Leak Control & Reconciliation

Increased awareness of the environmental impact of the industry

Programs are initiated to reduce the risk of damage of the environment

More accurate information is generated for reconciliation, used the latest technology

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 14

Requirements Tank Gauging systems

Safety

Accuracy and Repeatability

Reliability and Availability

Compatible with operations

Stand-Alone capabilities

Operator friendly

Low maintenance

Easy to expand

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 15

Requirements Tank Gauging systems (continued)

First order failure detection

Accepted for Custody transfer (OIML/PTB/NMi)

Compatible with international standards(API, ASTM, ISO)

Interface to host computers

Software support

Upgradability

Service & spare parts support

Price/Performance ratio

Vendors quality assurance procedures (ISO 9001)

Financial situation of vendor

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 16

An Introduction to Tank Gauging Safety Factors

All instruments provided with custody transfer certificates. (NMi, PTB, OIML)

Lightning protection

Leak detection

Vapor seal

Overspill protection

Safe tank-side

configuration

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Tank Gauging technologies

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 24

Tank Gauging technologies

Because every user and application has its own requirements, there are different measurement techniques and solutions to gauge the tank contents

The following techniques are currently available:

Manual Gauging

Float and Tape Gauges

Servo Gauges

Radar Gauges

Hydrostatic Gauges

Hybrid Gauges

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 25

Quantity assessments methods

There are two recognised methods:

Volume based - based on level and temperature measurement

Mass based - based on measurement of hydrostatic pressure of the liquid column measurement

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 26

Manual Level Gauging or Dipping

Level can be “manual” or “automatic” from gauge (ATG)

Manual is always THE reference

Level can be ‘Innage’ or ‘Ullage’ Ullage

Innage

GRH

0-level

Datum plate

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 27

Product Center Sakura, Japan

LT 1100/1200/1600 Float Tank Gauges

When immersed in the liquid, the float is supended by a perforated tape. The measuring tape is held on constant tension by the spring motor. A sprocket wheel drives the counter.

Sprocket wheel

Measuring tape

Indicator

Spring motor

Tape drum

Spring motordrum

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 28


The Proservo NMS 53x is based on the principle of displacement measurement

MagnetCoupling

Gear

WeightSignal

Weight data

Displacerposition data(level) CPU

Circuit

Motor drivesignal

Encoder

Motor

Displacer

MeasuringWire

Wire drumMagnetic fieldsensor (Hall element)

+D-D

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 29


Information to System from Proservo Level Interface level Density Tank bottom Product temperature Vapour temperature Pressure

Promonitor

Prothermo

Proservo

Spot Temperature

Pressure

2 Wire HART (I.S.)

3 Wire RTD

Field Communications to RTU 8130

MagnetCoupling

Gear

Encoder

MotorDisplacer

MeasuringWire

Wire drumMagnetic fieldsensor (Hall element)

+D-D

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 30

Custody transfer radar gauges

Micropilot S High accuracy

Instrument accuracy : better than ± 1 mm

Weights & Measures approved by NMi and PTB and other national authorities according to OIML

Four different versions

FMR 530 – horn antenna

FMR 531 - rod antenna

FMR 532 - planar antenna

FMR 533 - parabolic antenna

Micropilot S Inventory Control version

Accuracy: ±3 mm

FMR 531

FMR 530

FMR 533

FMR 532

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 31

Overview Micropilot S FMR540

Accuracy: better than ± 1mm

Certificate: Intrinsically Safe Concept!ATEX, FM, CSA, TIIS, NEPSI(ATEX II 1/2 G EEx ia IIC T6)

W&M approval: NMi, PTB

Output: 4…20mA/HART

Power supply:16…36V DC (4 wire)

FMR 540

8” Parabolic antenna4” Horn antenna Beam Angle:

4° for Parabolic 8° for Horn

Measuring Range: 0.8…40m for Parabolic antenna (without sensor extension) 0.6…30m Horn antenna (without sensor extension)

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 32


Prothermo NMT 539 available in 4 different choices:

Converter only - retrofit without modifications onto existing foreign average temperature probes (i.e. 9909, 1700 and Weed Beacon MW type probes)

Converter and temperature probe - inherits all the functionality of the former Prothermo NMT 535/536/537 series

Converter and water bottom probe - provides constant water interface level data to the host gauge (i.e.Proservo, NRF 590) for determining the water bottom level measurement.

Converter, temperature and water bottom probe - transmits temperature and water interface level data to the host gauge (i.e.Proservo or NRF 590).

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 33

Inventory Measurement

Full range of instrumentation

Radar gauges

Servo gauges

Mechanical float & tape gauges

Temperature measurement devices

Pressure transmitters

Water bottom measurement

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Michael Krause

Slide 34

Micropilot M radar

Two-wire, affordable, continuous measurement solution that can be used on various tank types, including floating roof tanks

Operators can check the gauge status at anytime and monitor the gauge’s operation for deviation from the primary level device

SIL 2 certified

Liquiphant Limit Switch

Best and most affordable solution for new tank installations

Dependent on the type of tank

SIL 2 or SIL 3 certified

Overfill Protection Applications

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 35

FLOAT

SERVO

RADAR

HTG

HYBRID

NOTUSED

OK

NOTUSED

NOTUSED

Vapor Influence

Safety concern

NOTUSED

NOTUSED

NOTUSED

NOTUSED

GOOD GOOD

GOODGOODOKOK

OK OK GOODNOTUSED

GOOD GOOD GOOD GOOD

NOTUSED

Limited level

accuracy

Limited level

accuracy

Limited level

accuracy

Safety concern

GOODGOODNOTUSED

GOOD

BLACKOILS

ASPHALTVISCOUS

CRUDESWHITEOILS

LPG AGGSVE.HIGHTEMP.

Inventory Measurement

Product vs. Technology

Depending on

application

Depending on

application

09/04/2008


Rob Vermeulen

Slide 36

Comparison of PTB/NMI approved Tank Gauges

NMS5 > 3”

NM

I and P

TB

app

roval

Block distance

FMR532>6” planar

1m

6”8”10”12”

PTB

NMINMI

PTB

+/- 1mm

FMR533 parabol

1m

NMI

+/- 1mm

FMR540 parabol

1,8

m

PTB

DN100

+/- 1mm

FMR540 horn

0,6

m

DN150

>DN200

0,3

m

+/- 1mm

FMR530 horn

+/- 1mm +/- 0,7mm

1m

20m

25m

30m

15m

PTB: One need to make sure the displacer cannot drift on the surface.. So one need to “guide” the displacer via a stilling well for instance.

28m

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 37

Product Center Maulburg, Germany

Micropilot – Time-of-Flight (ToF) measurement principle

Measurement independent of properties of product(e.g. various densities, viscosities, dielectric constants) based on quartz precision, extending life of instrument without need for recalibration

Transmission of microwave impulses

Reflection of the surface of the medium

Receipt of the reflected impulses

Calculation of the distance between unit and measured surface

Empty

0%

Full

100%

Distance

Level = E - D

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 38

OILM R85 and national approvals

All Micropilot S Radar gauges

have been certified by NMi and PTB

(and many other national authorities)

to prove the „1mm accuracy“ and

OIML R85 conformity

a copy of the NMi / PTB certificates are added

to each delivered device

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 39

Micropilot S calibration certificate

All Micropilot S Radar gauges

are delivered with the

calibration certificate

of the individual device -

logging the device accuracy at

10 equidistant points

over the whole measurement range

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 40

2 Sigma accuracy: 0,5mm

Histogramm: Fehler FMR530_531_533Zeitraum: 01.01.02 - 27.10.03 Stk: 586 Geräte (5860 Meßpunkte) s: 0,24 2s: 0,48

Meßunsicherheit: 0,1mm

0,00 1,00 1,00 0,00 2,009,00

35,00

127,00

279,00

388,00

485,00

557,00

498,00

551,00

354,00

215,00

118,00

43,00

9,005,00

0,00

0,00

100,00

200,00

300,00

400,00

500,00

600,00

< -1,1 > -1,1 - -1,0 > -1,0 - -0,9 > -0,9 - -0,8 > -0,8 - -0,7 > -0,7 - -0,6 > -0,6 - -0,5 > -0,5 - -0,4 > -0,4 - -0,3 > -0,3 - -0,2 > -0,2 - -0,1 > -0,1 - 0,0 > 0,0 - 0,1 > 0,1 - 0,2 > 0,2 - 0,3 > 0,3 - 0,4 > 0,4 - 0,5 > 0,5 - 0,6 > 0,6 - 0,7 > 0,7 - 0,8 > 0,8 - 0,9 > 0,9 - 1,0 > 1,0 - 1,1

Genauigkeitsklassen [mm]

An

zah

l [S

tk]

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 41

Example calibration certificate

Detail of a calibration certificate

issued for a standard delivery of

FMR533

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging Applications

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 43

Retrofit of mechanical gauges in stilling wells!

increase of pipe diameter uncritical for TE01 mode… but how you increase mechanically is!

upper end should have a minimum length of 500mm:

check TI 344 and use a sample hatch!

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 44

Jinan Refinery Subsidiary Of Sinopec / Shanghai

Installation of FMR 532

Crude Oil / floating roof installation on existing pipe extension with tapering (DN200 to DN150)

Customer contact: Mr. Zhang Zhihai, Tel 0086 531 8833470

Applications in Tank Gauging - Sinopec

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 45

Replacement of mechanical systems…. Take care!

Too close to the wall!

Great mounting. It means great and high accuracy level measurement.

Beam angle

GRHinte

rfere

nce

It “works” great! But forget 1-2 mm accuracy.

09/04/2008


Rob Vermeulen

Slide 46

20

m

40

m

Comparision of TG gauges

1,5m

2,5m

9m

15m

20m

1,1m

1,85m

2,46m

0,63m

1,05m

1,4m

0,3

m

0,6m

0,9m

1,2m

40

m

+/- 1mm

+/- 1mm

+/- 1mm +/- 1mm +/- 1mm +/- 2mm +/- 0,7mm

FMR5308” horn

FMR5404” horn

FMR5408” parabol

FMR53318” parabol

FMR532>6” planar

FMP40>1 1/2”

NMS5 > 3”

38

m

35

m

35

m

0,6

m

1,8

m 1

m

1m

0,1m

6”8”10”12”

0,3m 0,0m

Please check W+M approval availability and maximum range!!!

Dis

tan

ce t

o t

ank w

all

Block distance

3° tilt!

Please note the FMR540 horn needs to be tilted 3°. When not distance to wall needs to be increased!

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 47

Advisory notes….

09/04/2008


TankvisionTank Gauging Solutions and beyond

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 50

Uncertainties in Tank Gauging

Installation aspects

Temperature influences

Quantity assessment direct measured or derived.

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 51

An Introduction to Tank Gauging Accuracy - Storage tank errors

Typical tank distortionFrom product

Can your instrumentation or systems compensate for this?

•Tank Bottom Movements•Tank Shell Thermal Expansion•Hydrostatic Deformation

•Roof Weight changes•Datum Plate Movements•Typical Tank Distortion

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 52

Tank Side Monitor

Power AC/DC

Field communications

digital output relays

4-20 mAOutput

Prothermo

RadarVapor

Pressure

HTMS Density

2/4 HART bus (i.s.)

E+H Tank equipment: Ex ia and HART multidrop

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Michael Krause

Slide 53

Product Center Maulburg, Germany

Tank Side Monitor NRF 590

To supply the Radar gauge and all optional tank sensors with intrinsically safe (i.s.) power

Collection of data communicated from all connected tank sensors

Utilization of data for calculations and corrections (e.g. Hydrostatic Tank Deformation and Tank Shell Temperature Correction)

Display of measured data and diagnostic data at the foot of the tank

Connectivity to the TG system in the control room via digital field protocols

Configuration, Service, Diagnostics and Operational use

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 54

Requirements Automatic Tank Gauging

Product (& water) Level

Average Temperature (+ vapour temperature)

Average Density

Total Observed Volume (T.O.V.)

Gross Observed Volume (G.O.V.)

Gross Standard Volume (G.S.V.)

Volume of Water en Sediments (S&W)

Mass and Net Standard Volume (N.S.V.)

Mass or Net Weight in air

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 55

An Introduction to Tank GaugingSmall scale example

Workstations

Printer

Plant Wide Digital Communications Bus

Local Area Network

Electronic Field Interface

Data Server

Tank Gauging Instruments

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 56

Tankvision Basic Concept

(Field Protocol)V1, WM550

MODBUS

Tank Scanner

OPC

SCADA

LAN TCP/IP

Modbus

Data Concentrator

Host Link

FieldCareDCS/PLC Top USP for Tankvision

• Easy & Cost effective Scalability

• Single Tank to Refinery

• Open Systems (communications)

• Operating System Independent

• Reduced & Simplified Engineering

• No special licensing or software

• Redundancy

• Scalable at multiple levels

• Remote & Asset Configuration

• Full support for FieldCare

Tank ScannerIP: 192.168.1.1 IP: 192.168.1.2

IP: 192.168.1.20

IP: 192.168.1.30

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 57

USP 4: Simplified Visualization/Engineering

Commonly used

Navigation tree

Constant Alarm

Monitoring

Customizable Tank Objects

Brower Navigation

Easy Access Function Tabs

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 58

Worldwide Partners

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 59

Cryogenic or Refrigerated storage

Life is good….

09/04/2008


Tank Gauging

Rob Vermeulen

Slide 60

Questions?

Documents

Storage Tank Gauging