Steps towards proto-(Northern-)Atlantic

From proto-Joola to proto-Bak

Guillaume Segerer – LLACAN 1Towards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction – Paris, 21 sept 2012

Towards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction – Paris, 21 sept 2012 2

From

pro

to-Jo

ola

to p

roto

-Bak

Guillaume Segerer – LLACAN

NC

North Atlantic

Bak

Joola

CentralNorthern

KWAATAYKARON

KERAKEJAMAT

BLISSFOGNY BANJALGUSILAY

KASAHULUF

BijogoManjakuBalanta Bayot

Towards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction – Paris, 21 sept 2012 3

From

pro

to-Jo

ola

to p

roto

-Bak

Guillaume Segerer – LLACAN

KWAATAYKARON

KERAKEJAMAT

BLISS

FOGNY

BANJALGUSILAY

KASAHULUF

Towards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction – Paris, 21 sept 2012 4

From

pro

to-Jo

ola

to p

roto

-Bak

Guillaume Segerer – LLACAN

KWAATAYKARON

KERAKEJAMAT

BLISSFOGNY BANJALGUSILAY

KASAHULUF

Joola

Carlton & Rand 1993 : lexistat

Towards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction – Paris, 21 sept 2012 5

From

pro

to-Jo

ola

to p

roto

-Bak

Guillaume Segerer – LLACAN

KWAATAYKARON

KERAKEJAMAT

BLISS

FOGNY

BANJALGUSILAY

KASAHULUF

Carlton & Rand 1993 : splitstree

Towards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction – Paris, 21 sept 2012 6

From

pro

to-Jo

ola

to p

roto

-Bak

Guillaume Segerer – LLACAN

KWAATAYKARON

KERAKEJAMAT

BLISSFOGNYBANJALGUSILAY

KASAHULUF

Joola

Barry 1987

Towards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction – Paris, 21 sept 2012 7

From

pro

to-Jo

ola

to p

roto

-Bak

Guillaume Segerer – LLACAN

Towards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction – Paris, 21 sept 2012 8

From

pro

to-Jo

ola

to p

roto

-Bak

Guillaume Segerer – LLACAN

KWAATAY

EJAMAT

BLISS

BANJAL

KASA

Data / Sources

KARON

GUSILAY

KERAK

FOGNY

MLOMP

ESULALU

Sapir 1970 : Kujamutay (4833 recs), Weiss 1939 : Diola Fogny (4122 recs)

Segerer 2011 : Kerak (1838 recs)

Barry 1987 : Efok (EF) (197 recs)

Sapir 1965 : Gusilay (524 recs)

Bassène 2006 : Banjal (1087 recs)

Payne 1992 : Kwaatay (1715 recs)

Wilson 2007 : Karon (42 recs), Sambou 2007 : Karon (630 recs)

Barry 1987 : Gulompaay (Gp) (200 recs)

Diatta 2006 : Bliss (125 recs)

Wintz 1909 : Diola (3565 recs)

Sambou 1979 : Diola Kasa Esuulaaluur (520 recs)

Total : 13 sources, 19398 records

Joola reconstruction

Towards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction – Paris, 21 sept 2012 9

From

pro

to-Jo

ola

to p

roto

-Bak

Guillaume Segerer – LLACAN

Joola reconstruction

Method : standard comparative method

Tools : RefLex (www.reflex.cnrs.fr)RefLex

270+ languages

310000+ records

Towards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction – Paris, 21 sept 2012 10

From

pro

to-Jo

ola

to p

roto

-Bak

Guillaume Segerer – LLACAN

Joola reconstruction

Towards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction – Paris, 21 sept 2012 11

From

pro

to-Jo

ola

to p

roto

-Bak

Guillaume Segerer – LLACAN

Joola reconstruction

BLSFNY KRKKSA KWTEJM MLP KRNESLGSLBNJ

Towards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction – Paris, 21 sept 2012 12

From

pro

to-Jo

ola

to p

roto

-Bak

Guillaume Segerer – LLACAN

BLSFNY KRK KSA

*p > f

*f > h

KWT

*l > n*ɬ > s

EJM

*r > l

MLP KRNESLGSL

*k# > x

*CVV > CCV

BNJ

Joola subgrouping

*ɬ > l *ɬ > Ø

*k > g (CL)

Joola

*b > p

Towards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction – Paris, 21 sept 2012 13

From

pro

to-Jo

ola

to p

roto

-Bak

Guillaume Segerer – LLACAN

Lexical replacement

proto-NC *DI ‘eat’

Fogny -riKaron -li

Lexical cognacy issues

FORM

MEA

NIN

G

Kerak, Kwaatay-tɛɲay ‘banana’

Fogny -ɲɔɔfɛt ‘be starving’

Kerak -ɲɔɔfɔKwaatay -ɲɔɔfɔ

Banjal, Efok -tɩɲKasa -tɛɲ

Karonu-li ‘rice’

Bijogo-tɛɲ ‘meat’

Towards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction – Paris, 21 sept 2012 14

From

pro

to-Jo

ola

to p

roto

-Bak

Guillaume Segerer – LLACAN

Lexical replacement

Lexical cognacy issues

Fogny -ɲɔɔfɛt ‘be starving’

Kerak -ɲɔɔfɔKwaatay -ɲɔɔfɔ

more recent than *f > h

BUT: *f > Fogny f, Kerak h, Karon h

ff

Towards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction – Paris, 21 sept 2012

Ste

ps to

ward

s pro

to-(N

orth

ern

-)Atla

ntic

Guillaume Segerer – LLACAN 15

Towards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction – Paris, 21 sept 2012

Ste

ps to

ward

s pro

to-(N

orth

ern

-)Atla

ntic

Guillaume Segerer – LLACAN 16

PROTO-CENTRAL

*g > ŋ, *d > n

Bijogo *BAK

*bu-gof ‘head’

*g > k

*V1ŋV2 > V1V2 > V1

*C[fric, vls] > Ø / -#

*bu-ŋof

*bu-ŋo

bu

*bu-kof

*fu-kow *C[fric, vls] > glide / -#

*di-gɛs ‘eye’

*nɛ-ŋɛs

*nɛ-ŋɛ

*di-kis

class changenɛ

*ji-kil *d > j / -i

*JOOLA

Towards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction – Paris, 21 sept 2012

proto-NC *DUM ‘to bite’

Ste

ps to

ward

s pro

to-(N

orth

ern

-)Atla

ntic

Guillaume Segerer – LLACAN 17

*ŋar ‘to take’

*ŋat ‘to bite’*rum ‘to bite’

NorthernJoola

*??? ‘to take’

Towards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction – Paris, 21 sept 2012

Ste

ps to

ward

s pro

to-(N

orth

ern

-)Atla

ntic

Guillaume Segerer – LLACAN 18

Northern Central

North Atlantic

NC

Bak

Joola

*DUM ‘to bite’

*dum ‘to bite’

*ŋar ‘to take’

*ŋat ‘to bite’

Towards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction – Paris, 21 sept 2012 19Guillaume Segerer – LLACAN

MERCI !