Stearns Ch24 Lecture

World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Seventh Edition Stearns | Adas | Schwartz | Gilbert
Copyright © !"#, !"", !!$ %earson Ed&cation, 'nc(
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Figure 24.1 'age o* A*rican slave trade( The -rench artist A&g&ste -ran.ois /iard painted this scene o* the west A*rican slave trade in
"0+! in an attept to show its cr&elties( )epresented here are not only the E&ropean erchants and sailors receiving the slaves b&t west A*rican erchants and soldiers involved in

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''( The Atlantic Slave Trade
'3(White Settlers and A*ricans in So&thern A*rica
3( The A*rican 4iaspora

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• Expansion
5 E&ropean deand
5 4iaspora 6illions o* A*ricans to 6iddle East, E&rope,
and Aericas
Exchange and synthesis o* c&lt&re
7owever, independence in A*rica

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The Atlantic Slave Trade
Generally with local consent
8ing 9zinga 6veba, 8ongo • Converts to Christianity

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Map 24.1 Portuguese Contact and Penetration of Africa
%ort&g&ese exploration and trade in the "#th cent&ry event&ally evolved into trade,
con1&est, and issionary activities( 'n west A*rica reg&lar relations were established with a n&ber o* :ingdos li:e /enin and 8ongo; in east A*rica the %ort&g&ese created o&tposts in
6ozabi1&e and along the Swahili coast, and in Ethiopia issionaries so&ght alliance with local
Christians(
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• The %ort&g&ese
• <&anda, "#$!s
5 -ew settlers
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Figure 24.2 A*rican artists were ipressed by the strangeness o* E&ropeans and soeties
incorporated the in their own wor:, as can be seen in the headpiece o* this bea&ti*&lly carved ivory head o* a /enin onarch( E&ropeans in

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5 Trading stations
• Trend Toward Expansion
"!="" s&rvive
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5 "0th cent&ry 7eight
0! percent o* total trade
5 6&sli areas Trans=Saharan, )ed Sea, East A*rica
> illion slaves traded
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5 Saharan trade 6ostly woen

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• 2rganization o* the Trade
5 4&tch Seize El 6ina, ">!
)ival %ort&g&ese

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5 -rench "0th cent&ry
5 4ahoey 'ndies piece, val&e o* an ad&lt ale slave
)oyal onopoly on *low o* slaves

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Sae pro*its as other trade
3al&e tied &p with plantation and ining econoy
4e*initely ties A*rica to global econoy

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• A*rican slave traditions changed
5 'ntensi*ied &se o* slaves
• Slaving and A*rican %olitics
5 West and Central A*rica
Sall, volatile states
War*are endeic • 6ilitary captives *eed into slave trade

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• Slavery
5 9ecessary, nat&ral phenoenon
5 )arely 1&estioned in any societies Slaves becae nonpersons
• Social death
5 Enlightenent criticizes c( "0th cent&ry

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• Asante and 4ahoey
Center at 8&asi
"#!, 2yo:o clan • -irears
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• Asantehene
5 /enin

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Figure 24.! The ann&al ya harvest *estival was an occasion when the power and a&thority
o* the Asante r&ler co&ld be displayed( The English observers who painted this scene were

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Figure 24.4 The size o* A*rican cities and the power o* A*rican r&lers o*ten ipressed
E&ropean observers( 7ere the city o* <oango, capital o* a :ingdo on the 8ongo coast, is

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Center at Aboey
-irears by "$!s
Agaa "$!05"$+!B • Expansion
• Ta:es port o* Whydah
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5 2ther developents in 4ahoey 4ivine right :ingship
• A:in to E&ropean absol&tis
Soe states liit royal power • 2yo, Hor&ba peoples
• 8ing and co&ncil

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Figure 24." %ort&g&ese soldiers serve as the base *or this ivory carving done by West A*rican cra*tsen( 2bects li:e these deonstrated the
contact o* E&ropean and A*rican c&lt&res( SaltcellarF %ort&g&ese -ig&res( %hotoF Stan )eis( The 6etropolitan 6&se& o* Art, 9ew

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• East A*rica and the S&dan
5 East coast Swahili trading towns
• 'vory, gold slaves to 6iddle East
Janzibar • Cloves

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5 /&nyoro, /&ganda 6onarchies
5 Songhay brea:s &p in "#!!s S&ccessor states
• %agan /abara o* Seg&
• 6&sli 7a&sa states in northern 9igeria

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5 6&sli re*or oveents, *ro "$$!s -&lani -&lbeB people
Ds&an 4an -odio, "0!+ • 7a&sa states
5 9ew :ingdo o* So:oto

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White Settlers and A*ricans in So&thern A*rica
• /ant& into so&thern A*rica by "#!!
5 <e*t arid areas to 8hoi:hoi, San
5 Agric&lt&re, pastoralis
5 'ron, copper

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• Capetown
5 /y "$!s, enco&nter /ant&
5 "$?#, /ritain occ&pies colony "0"#, possession

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• The 6*ecane and the J&l& )ise to %ower
5 9g&ni people "0"0, Sha:a creates J&l& chie*do
• "00, assassinated
/eginning o* *ecane
4e*eated into new areas
• Swazi, <esotho
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Figure 24.# This J&l& royal :raal, drawn in the "0>!s, gives soe idea o* the power o* the J&l& at the tie that Sha:a was *orging J&l&
doinance d&ring the *ecane(

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The A*rican 4iaspora
• Slave trade in oining A*rica to world econoy
• Slave <ives
56iddle %assage
5-ailies destroyed
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5%lantation syste
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Figure 24.$ A*ricans per*ored all :inds o* labor in the Aericas, *ro doestic service to

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54ynaic, creative
• /razilian candoblK
• 7aitian vod&n
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• 6&sli Hor&ba and 7a&sa slaves
5%alares, /razil "!!s, r&naway slave state

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%isuai&ing the Past The Coth of 'ings in an Atantic
Perspecti(e
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%isuai&ing the Past The Coth of 'ings in an Atantic
Perspecti(e
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Figure 24.) A*rican, Aerican, or bothL 'n S&rinae, descendants o* escaped slaves

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• The End o* the Slave Trade and the Abolition o* Slavery
5Slave trade ended o&tside o* A*rica %ossible ca&ses
• %robably not econoic sel*=interest
• 'n*l&ence o* Enlightenent
• England

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Stearns Ch24 Lecture