Dublin, March 2008

ProSense Belgrade

State of the Art in Medical Applications of Sensor NetsStanislava Stanković, BSc. Thesis Student of the School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade

E-mail: saska58@gmail.com

Prof. Dr. Veljko Milutinović, School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade

E-mail: vm@etf.bg.ac.yu

Authors:

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Introduction Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs),

intensive R+D during few past years

History of WSNs begins at the UC, Berkley- SmartDust

- TinyOS

Relatively Large Nodes

miniaturization process

Nodes,Small enough,Power enough,

Affordable enough

Extra small,Powerful,Low costNodes

future process

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Introduction

New medical applications are being developed in the research centers and in the commercial sectors

This technology is under development and by many predictions, WSNs are going to be an essential part of medical treatment and analysis

At presence, there are many proposed applications for the use of WSNs, but certainly medical applications are the area where WSNs have the most potential

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Introduction-open Qs

Healthcare system is becoming more complex Healthcare system is becoming more expensive The world’s population is aging

Number of persons in need of homecare is growing

Number of persons suffering from diseases is growing

Number of medical mistakes is growing Number of lawsuits is growing

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Stress of this presentation: Some existing medical applications (EXMA), their issues, and challenges

Introduction-p. solution Medical applications based on WSNs can provide answers to many open medical Qs- cost and complexity of healthcare

- patients’ benefits

- caregivers’ benefits

Accessibility and efficiency

Costs and mistakes

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EXMA-important issues Engineering issues

(different devices, different frequencies, real-time services, power consumption, reliability, security)

Social issues (Does the usage of these applications affects daily lives of people?)

Patients’ well-being issues (Use only to heal, not to harm!)

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EXMA-technologies in useGreat advantage of WSNs is their compatibility with existing infrastructures• WBAN (Wireless Body Area Network)

• RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification)

• WPAN (Wireless Personal Area Network)

• Sensor Networks

• GPRS

• Wireless LAN (802.11 standard)

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ClassificationEXMA follow a people-centric paradigm (popularized by MetroSense project)whether they use:

- wearable devices- implantable devices

- combinations of devices

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ClassificationEXMA may be oriented as:- applications in public health area

- applications in personal health area

- applications in sport health area

personal

health

sport

health public

health

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CodeBlueDevelopment- CodeBlue is a medical research project based on WSNs technology, developed at Harvard

Goals of project (a) pre-hospital care and, (b) in-hospital emergency care, (c) stroke patient rehabilitation (d) disaster responseHardware and software- CodeBlue is a combined hardware and software platform developed for sensor networks- CodeBlue project has developed a range of medical sensors based on Mica2, MicaZ and Telos motes designs These include a pulse oximeter, two-lead ECG, and a specialized motion analysis sensor board

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CodeBlueHardware and software- CodeBlue provides protocol for device discovery, publish/subscribe multi hop routing, and a simple query interface allowing caregivers to request patients’ data

- CodeBlue integrates an RF-based localization system, called MoteTrack, to track localization of patients and caregivers

Requirements- wearable sensor platform - reliable communication system- multicast- device mobility- security

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CodeBlue & 10Blade

The 10Blade has developed a software package called iRevive that allows complete documentation of pre-hospital emergency medical services (EMS)on a mobile device

Sensors attached to patients transmit vital signs

iRevive PDAs carried by EMTs perform real-time triage

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UbiMonDevelopment- UbiMon is a project based on WSNs technology, developed at Lancaster University with cooperation from Imperial College London

Goals of project - Investigation of healthcare delivery by combining wearable and implantable sensorsThe UbiMon project is concerned with monitoring patientsunder natural physiological state for detection and preventionof transient but possibly life threatening abnormalitiesHardware and software-The UbiMon Body Sensor Network architecture has been designed by using six main components: the sensors, the remote sensing unit, the local processing unit, the central server, the patient database and, the workstations

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SatireDevelopment- Satire (A Software Architecture for smart atTIRE) is a project based on WSNs technology, developed at University of Illinois with cooperation from University of Virginia

Goals of project - Recording the owner’s activity and location for subsequent automated uploading and archiving - Transparency to the user as a design goalHardware and software- The prototype records human activity and location by using 2-axis accelerometer and GPS- All is achieved by using commercial off-the-shelf MicaZ motes- The user interface layer is divided into three sublayers: web-interface, web-server and MySQL database server

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AlarmNetDevelopment- AlarmNet (WSNs for Assisted-Living and Residential-Monitoring) is a project based on WSNs technology, developed at University of Virginia

Goals of project - Integration of environmental and physiological sensors into heterogeneous architecture - Allowing real-time collection and processing of sensor dataHardware and software- Network consists of MicaZ motes, gateways, iPAQ PDAs and, PCs- Sensors in use: infrared motion sensors, dust sensors, temperature, light sensors, pulse and, blood oxygenation sensors - Software components include: TinyOS query processor and security modules for motes; AlarmGate, Java application for managing power, security and privacy; Data querying applications for PDAs and PCs;

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BikeNetDevelopment- BikeNet is a project based on WSNs technology, developed at Dartmouth College and Columbia University

Goals of project - Exploring personal, bicycle and, environmental sensing using dynamically role-assigned bike area networking

Hardware and software

- The BikeNet system hardware is organized into three tiers, the back end server tier, the sensor access point (SAP) tier and the mobile sensor tier

- TinyOS software architecture

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The Alabama University R&D Development- Alabama UniversityGoals of project- Wearable health monitoring systems allow an individual to closely monitor changes in her or his vital signs and provide feedback to help maintain an optimal health status - If integrated into a medical system, these systems can even alert medical personnel when life-threatening changes occurHardware and software- Prototype sensor network for health monitoring utilizes off-the-shelf 802.15.4 network nodes and custom-built motion and heart activity sensors ECG, EMG, EEG, blood pressure, tilt and, breathing sensors (Tier 1)- The personal server (PS) application running on a PDA, a cell phone, or a PC (Tier 2)

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Conclusion- New technology: failure vs. success

- Some of the applications mentioned are long term projects and parts of them have been transferred to commercialization, so new products are being developed

- Homecare and personal care are the areas where medical applications based on sensor networks have the most potential

Elderly and people with need of long term care can benefit the most by applying wireless sensor networks in medicine

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Conclusion Wireless networks for Medical Applications are becoming a hot topic

Wireless networks have an important contribution in improving lives of patients How things will evolve, future will certainly show

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References[1] Aleksandar Milenković, Chris Otto, Emil Jovanov, Wireless Sensor Networks for Personal Health Monitoring: Issues and an Implementation

[2] S. B. Eisenman, N. D. Lane, E. Miluzzo, R. A. Peterson, G-S. Ahn, A. T. Campbell, The BikeNet Mobile Sensing System for Cyclist Experience Mapping

[3] A. Wood, G. Virone, T. Doan, Q. Cao, L. Selavo, Y. Wu, L. Fang, Z. He, S. Lin, J. Stankovic, ALARM-NET: Wireless Sensor Networks for Assisted-Living and Residential Monitoring

[4] Raghu K. Ganti, Praveen Jayachandran, Tarek F. Abdelzaher, John A. Stankovic,SATIRE: A Software Architecture for Smart AtTIRE

[5] Victor Shnayder, Borrong Chen, Konrad Lorincz,Thaddeus R. F. FulfordJones,and Matt Welsh, Sensor Networks for Medical Care

[6] Kristof Van Laerhoven, Benny P.L. Lo, Jason W.P. Ng, Surapa Thiemjarus, Rachel King, Simon Kwan, Hans-Werner Gellersen, Morris Sloman, Oliver Wells, Phil Needham, Nick Peters, Ara Darzi, Chris Toumazou and Guang-Zhong Yang,Medical Healthcare Monitoring with Wearable and Implantable Sensors

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Questionsmailto: saska58@gmail.com

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Thank you for your attention!