S.S. Vocabulary List Location- One of the 5 themes of geography, location describes where something is. Location- One of the 5 themes of geography, location

S.S. Vocabulary ListS.S. Vocabulary List

Location- One of the 5 themes of geography, Location- One of the 5 themes of geography, location describes where something is. location describes where something is.

Absolute Location- One of the two types of Absolute Location- One of the two types of location which tells you exactly where something location which tells you exactly where something is. Examples are: Latitude Longitude, Address, is. Examples are: Latitude Longitude, Address, ETC. Example: Coach George’s classroom is 704.ETC. Example: Coach George’s classroom is 704.

Relative Location- A location that is “related to” Relative Location- A location that is “related to” something else. For example, Coach George’s something else. For example, Coach George’s classroom is across the hall from Coach Alley’s classroom is across the hall from Coach Alley’s classroom. classroom.

SS Vocabulary ListSS Vocabulary List

Latitude: Imaginary lines that circle the Latitude: Imaginary lines that circle the globe running east to west. Lines of latitude globe running east to west. Lines of latitude measure distance North and South of the measure distance North and South of the Equator (O* Latitude). Equator (O* Latitude).

Longitude: Imaginary lines that circle the Longitude: Imaginary lines that circle the globe running north and south. Lines of globe running north and south. Lines of longitude measure distance East and West longitude measure distance East and West of the Prime Meridian (O* Longitude). of the Prime Meridian (O* Longitude).


Primary Source: A primary source is a Primary Source: A primary source is a document or physical object which was written document or physical object which was written or created during the time under study. These or created during the time under study. These sources were present during an experience or sources were present during an experience or time period and offer an inside view of a time period and offer an inside view of a particular event. Some particular event. Some

Secondary Source: A secondary a source Secondary Source: A secondary a source interprets and analyzes primary sources. These interprets and analyzes primary sources. These sources are one or more steps removed from sources are one or more steps removed from the event.the event.


Equator: The imaginary line at 0* latitude that Equator: The imaginary line at 0* latitude that divides the earth into the Northern and Southern divides the earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.Hemispheres.

Prime Meridian: The imaginary line at 0* Prime Meridian: The imaginary line at 0* longitude that divides the earth into the Eastern longitude that divides the earth into the Eastern and Western Hemispheres.and Western Hemispheres.

International Date Line: The imaginary line at International Date Line: The imaginary line at 180* longitude that is the “back side” of the Prime 180* longitude that is the “back side” of the Prime Meridian. The IDL is the same line as the PM on Meridian. The IDL is the same line as the PM on the other side of the globe where the new day the other side of the globe where the new day begins!begins!


Movement: One of the 5 themes of Movement: One of the 5 themes of geography, movement looks at why and geography, movement looks at why and how people and things move. how people and things move.

Place: One of the 5 themes of geography, a Place: One of the 5 themes of geography, a place describes the features that make a place describes the features that make a location unique. Example, Washington D.C. location unique. Example, Washington D.C. has many great monuments. has many great monuments.


Regions: One of the 5 themes of geography, regions Regions: One of the 5 themes of geography, regions are areas that share common characteristics. are areas that share common characteristics. Example: All of the states that border the Gulf of Example: All of the states that border the Gulf of Mexico are known as the Gulf Coast States. Mexico are known as the Gulf Coast States.

Human Environment Interaction: One of the 5 Human Environment Interaction: One of the 5 themes of geography, it explains how people themes of geography, it explains how people interact with the environment and how their interact with the environment and how their environment interacts with them. Example: Humans environment interacts with them. Example: Humans cut down trees to make room for houses and cutting cut down trees to make room for houses and cutting down trees is though to be a cause of global down trees is though to be a cause of global warming. warming.


Physical Geography: the branch of Physical Geography: the branch of geography concerned with natural features geography concerned with natural features of the earth's surface, such as landforms, of the earth's surface, such as landforms, drainage features, climates, soils, and drainage features, climates, soils, and vegetation.vegetation.


Climate: The average weather conditions for a Climate: The average weather conditions for a long period of time. The “prediction” of what long period of time. The “prediction” of what weather will be like (what you expect). Climate weather will be like (what you expect). Climate gets colder the higher in elevation or further you gets colder the higher in elevation or further you move away from the equator. It gets warmer the move away from the equator. It gets warmer the closer you get to the equator.closer you get to the equator.

Weather: The hour by hour temperature and Weather: The hour by hour temperature and precipitation (what you get). EX: Today is sunny, precipitation (what you get). EX: Today is sunny, tomorrow might rain. tomorrow might rain.


Poverty: the state or condition of having Poverty: the state or condition of having little or no money, goods, or means of little or no money, goods, or means of support.support.

Topography: Graphic representation of the Topography: Graphic representation of the surface features of a place or region on a surface features of a place or region on a map, indicating their relative positions and map, indicating their relative positions and elevations. The topography of an area can elevations. The topography of an area can best be represented by a topographical, best be represented by a topographical, elevation, or physical map. elevation, or physical map.


Culture: the set of beliefs, values, and Culture: the set of beliefs, values, and practices that a group of people have in practices that a group of people have in common. EX: Language, Religion, common. EX: Language, Religion, Customs, ETC. Customs, ETC.

Cultural Trait: an activity or behavior in Cultural Trait: an activity or behavior in which people of a culture take part. which people of a culture take part. Example: Eating with chopsticks. Example: Eating with chopsticks.


Cultural Diversity: Having a variety of Cultural Diversity: Having a variety of cultures in the same area. cultures in the same area.

Cultural Region: An area that in which Cultural Region: An area that in which people share many cultural traits (language, people share many cultural traits (language, religion, ethnicity, ETC). religion, ethnicity, ETC).


Plate Tectonics: The theory that the Earth is Plate Tectonics: The theory that the Earth is divided into a dozen or so slow moving divided into a dozen or so slow moving plates. The two types of plates are plates. The two types of plates are continental and oceanic plates. continental and oceanic plates.

Continental Drift: The theory by Alfred Continental Drift: The theory by Alfred Wegener that suggests that all the Wegener that suggests that all the continents were once one piece (PANGEA) continents were once one piece (PANGEA) and they all drifted apart over millions of and they all drifted apart over millions of years. years.


Commercial FarmingCommercial Farming: Commercial Farming : Commercial Farming is to farm to make a financial living. In is to farm to make a financial living. In today's world, a small percentage of the today's world, a small percentage of the population farms for the rest of the world population farms for the rest of the world population. population.

Subsistence FarmingSubsistence Farming: farming whose : farming whose products are intended to provide for the products are intended to provide for the basic needs of the farmer, with little surplus basic needs of the farmer, with little surplus for marketing. for marketing.


Demographics: Statistical data of a population. Demographics: Statistical data of a population. Some demographic concepts include population Some demographic concepts include population distribution, population density, growth rate, distribution, population density, growth rate, family size, and infant mortality. family size, and infant mortality.

Infant Mortality Rate: the death rate during the Infant Mortality Rate: the death rate during the first year of life. This information is listed by first year of life. This information is listed by country. country.

Growth Rate: In terms of demographic concepts, Growth Rate: In terms of demographic concepts, growth rare refers to the yearly increase or growth rare refers to the yearly increase or decrease in population for an area. .decrease in population for an area. .


Non-Renewable: A resource that can not be Non-Renewable: A resource that can not be reproduced. Once it is used, it can not be reproduced. Once it is used, it can not be replaced. Two examples of non-renewable replaced. Two examples of non-renewable resources are oil and coal. resources are oil and coal.

Renewable: Any natural resource that can Renewable: Any natural resource that can replenish itself naturally over time. replenish itself naturally over time. Examples of renewable resources include: Examples of renewable resources include: Water, Air, Trees, Wind, etc. Water, Air, Trees, Wind, etc.


Occupation: possession, settlement, or use Occupation: possession, settlement, or use of land or propertyof land or property

Famine: A shortage of food.Famine: A shortage of food. International: pertaining to the relations International: pertaining to the relations

between two or more nationsbetween two or more nations


Political Map: A map that shows man made Political Map: A map that shows man made features such as boundaries, states, and features such as boundaries, states, and major cities. major cities.

Physical Map: A map that shows physical Physical Map: A map that shows physical features of the Earth, such as mountains, features of the Earth, such as mountains, rivers, lakes, etc. It shows things not man rivers, lakes, etc. It shows things not man made!made!


Deforestation: The mass removal of an Deforestation: The mass removal of an area’s trees/forest. area’s trees/forest.

Global Warming: Global warming is the Global Warming: Global warming is the theory that there has been an increase in the theory that there has been an increase in the average temperature of the Earth. Air average temperature of the Earth. Air pollution is one of the most known pollution is one of the most known associated causes of global warming.associated causes of global warming.


Import: To bring products into a country Import: To bring products into a country from another country. from another country.

Export: To send/ship/sell products to Export: To send/ship/sell products to another country. another country.


OPEC: Organization of Petroleum OPEC: Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. These countries have Exporting Countries. These countries have formed to control the supply and demand of formed to control the supply and demand of oil prices in the world. All the member oil prices in the world. All the member countries have large oil resources. By countries have large oil resources. By controlling the supply, they control demand.controlling the supply, they control demand.

After you copy the vocabulary, get a After you copy the vocabulary, get a calculator and get out your bell work. calculator and get out your bell work.


Domestic: produced or made within one's Domestic: produced or made within one's own country.own country.

Embargo: A limit placed on trade with Embargo: A limit placed on trade with countries. countries.

Dictatorship: a country, government, or the Dictatorship: a country, government, or the form of government in which absolute form of government in which absolute power is exercised by a dictator. power is exercised by a dictator.


Barter: to trade by exchange of Barter: to trade by exchange of commodities rather than by the use of commodities rather than by the use of money. money.

Tariff: A fee or a tax placed on a trade. A Tariff: A fee or a tax placed on a trade. A government tax on imports or exports.government tax on imports or exports.


Topography: Graphic representation of the surface Topography: Graphic representation of the surface features of a place or region on a map, indicating features of a place or region on a map, indicating their relative positions and elevations. The their relative positions and elevations. The topography of an area can best be represented by a topography of an area can best be represented by a topographical, elevation, or physical map. topographical, elevation, or physical map.

Fjord: a long, narrow arm of the sea bordered by Fjord: a long, narrow arm of the sea bordered by steep cliffs: usually formed by glacial erosion. steep cliffs: usually formed by glacial erosion.

Exploration: the investigation of unknown regionsExploration: the investigation of unknown regions


Lagoon: an area of shallow water separated Lagoon: an area of shallow water separated from the sea by low sandy dunes.from the sea by low sandy dunes.

Estuary: that part of the mouth or lower Estuary: that part of the mouth or lower course of a river in which the river's current course of a river in which the river's current meets the sea's tide.meets the sea's tide.


Culture: the set of beliefs, values, and Culture: the set of beliefs, values, and practices that a group of people have in practices that a group of people have in common. common.

Drought: A long period without rain. Drought: A long period without rain. Scarcity: A shortness of supply (resources). Scarcity: A shortness of supply (resources). Immigration: To enter and settle in a Immigration: To enter and settle in a

country or region to which one is not native.country or region to which one is not native.


Autocracy: This is the oldest form of Autocracy: This is the oldest form of government in the world. Any government government in the world. Any government with one single ruler. with one single ruler.

Political System: Political System: the members of a social the members of a social organization who are in power. Examples organization who are in power. Examples are: Monarchy, Oligarchy, Autocracy, are: Monarchy, Oligarchy, Autocracy, Dictatorship, Democracy. Dictatorship, Democracy.


Stephen Harper: Prime Minister of Canada. Stephen Harper: Prime Minister of Canada. Hu Jintao: President of ChinaHu Jintao: President of China Felipe Calderon: President of MexicoFelipe Calderon: President of Mexico Gordon Brown: Prime Minister of United Gordon Brown: Prime Minister of United

KingdomKingdom


NAFTA: An agreement between the United NAFTA: An agreement between the United States, Mexico, and Canada that allows for States, Mexico, and Canada that allows for free trade among the 3 countries. No tariffs!free trade among the 3 countries. No tariffs!

Communism: The economic theory in Communism: The economic theory in which the government take complete which the government take complete control of the economy and government. control of the economy and government. The government controls the production The government controls the production and distribution of goods. and distribution of goods.


Capitalism: The economic theory in which Capitalism: The economic theory in which the government has NO CONTROL in the government has NO CONTROL in setting production and distribution of setting production and distribution of goods. Private individuals and companies goods. Private individuals and companies sustain the economy.sustain the economy.

Balance of Trade: The total value of all Balance of Trade: The total value of all imports and exports. To have a positive imports and exports. To have a positive balance of trade, a country will want to balance of trade, a country will want to export (sells) more than it imports (buys). export (sells) more than it imports (buys).


Urbanization: The movement of people Urbanization: The movement of people from rural to urban areas. The main cause is from rural to urban areas. The main cause is industrial development, Positive industrial development, Positive consequences are more jobs, education, & consequences are more jobs, education, & opportunities. Negatives are more crime, opportunities. Negatives are more crime, pollution, overcrowding, and low quality of pollution, overcrowding, and low quality of schools and hospitals. schools and hospitals.


Pratibha Patil: President of IndiaPratibha Patil: President of India Dmitri Medvedev: President of RussiaDmitri Medvedev: President of Russia Barack Obama: President of U.S from Barack Obama: President of U.S from

2009-Present2009-Present


Resource Allocation: a plan for using available Resource Allocation: a plan for using available resources. resources.

Phenomena: a fact or occurrence that can be Phenomena: a fact or occurrence that can be observed. observed.

Thematic: Coming from the word “theme,” Thematic: Coming from the word “theme,” thematic maps show diverse (or different) kinds of thematic maps show diverse (or different) kinds of information. For example, a map of North information. For example, a map of North America can be made to show different America can be made to show different information, such as: Climate, Language Groups, information, such as: Climate, Language Groups, Religion Groups, etc. Religion Groups, etc.

SS Vocabulary ListSS Vocabulary List Christianity: a monotheistic religion based Christianity: a monotheistic religion based

on the teachings of Jesus Christ. Christians on the teachings of Jesus Christ. Christians believe that Jesus is the Son of God. Largest believe that Jesus is the Son of God. Largest religion with almost 2 billion followers. religion with almost 2 billion followers.

Judaism: the oldest monotheistic religion, Judaism: the oldest monotheistic religion, Judaism was founded in 2000 B.C. Jews Judaism was founded in 2000 B.C. Jews believe they are God’s chosen people. They believe they are God’s chosen people. They also believe Jesus was a prophet. Smallest also believe Jesus was a prophet. Smallest religion with 14 million followers. religion with 14 million followers.

Islam: a monotheistic religion based on the Islam: a monotheistic religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed. This is the teachings of the prophet Mohammed. This is the major religion in the Middle East and Northern major religion in the Middle East and Northern Africa. 2Africa. 2ndnd largest religion with 1 billion followers. largest religion with 1 billion followers.

Domestic: Pertaining to goods made and sold Domestic: Pertaining to goods made and sold inside a country.inside a country.

International Goods: Pertaining to goods made in International Goods: Pertaining to goods made in a country to be sold outside the country.a country to be sold outside the country.

SS Vocabulary ListSS Vocabulary List Hinduism: The dominant religion in India. This Hinduism: The dominant religion in India. This

religion believes in reincarnation and the social religion believes in reincarnation and the social system known as the caste system. No single system known as the caste system. No single founder. founder.

Buddhism: Religion based on the teachings of Buddhism: Religion based on the teachings of Siddhartha Guatama- The Buddha. Believe in Siddhartha Guatama- The Buddha. Believe in reincarnation. The religion based on the 8 Fold reincarnation. The religion based on the 8 Fold Path, which ends at Nirvana. Nirvana is a state of Path, which ends at Nirvana. Nirvana is a state of perfect peace in which suffering and reincarnation perfect peace in which suffering and reincarnation end. end.


Protectionism: Economics. the theory, Protectionism: Economics. the theory, practice, or system of fostering or practice, or system of fostering or developing domestic industries by developing domestic industries by protecting them from foreign competition protecting them from foreign competition by placing limits on imports. by placing limits on imports.

Economic System: the system of production Economic System: the system of production and distribution and consumption of goods. and distribution and consumption of goods.


Himalayas: World’s tallest mountain range that forms Himalayas: World’s tallest mountain range that forms the border of China and the Indian Sub Continent. Mt the border of China and the Indian Sub Continent. Mt Everest, world’s tallest mountain is here. Everest, world’s tallest mountain is here.

Yellow River: Flows through northern China. Called Yellow River: Flows through northern China. Called the Yellow river because of the Loess (fertile, yellow the Yellow river because of the Loess (fertile, yellow soil) that flows down it. Each summer when the river soil) that flows down it. Each summer when the river floods, the loess is spread on the soil and makes it floods, the loess is spread on the soil and makes it fertile for farming. fertile for farming.

Ganges River: River running from the Himalayas to the Ganges River: River running from the Himalayas to the Indian Ocean. The river provides fertile soil and water Indian Ocean. The river provides fertile soil and water to people living around it. Known as the Ganges Plain, to people living around it. Known as the Ganges Plain, India’s farming heartland is located here. India’s farming heartland is located here.

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S.S. Vocabulary List Location- One of the 5 themes of geography, location describes where something is. Location- One of the 5 themes of geography, location