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(Processes)

(Threads)

2.1 2.2

2.3 -

2.4 -

2.5

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.

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Multiprogramming 4

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1.

2. 3.

4. batch job

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1. ()

2. ()3. ()

4. ()

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,

UNIX

Windows

.

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runningblocked

ready

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(Threads)

(Multithreading)

(

)

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(a)

(b)

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,

Thread_create(__)

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thread_create thread_exit

thread_wait

thread_yield

/

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:

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: Web Server

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: Web Server

(a) Dispatcher thread

(b) Worker thread

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:

Web Server

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page fault

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Single-Threaded Multithreaded

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:

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(Interprocess Communication IPC)

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(Race Conditions)

(C iti l

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(Critical

Regions)

.

.

(mutual exclusion)

1.

2.

3.

4.

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(busy waiting)

Peterson

TSL

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wait for turn = 0 ( 3 )

noncritical_region (finish)

noncritical_region (enter)

turn = 1

critical_region (finish)

critical_region (enter)

noncritical_region (enter)wait for turn = 0

turn = 0 1 0

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Peterson

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TLS (Test and Set Lock)

TSL RX, lock

lock RX, lock

1.

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XCHG

XCHG x86

(Sleep)

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(Sleep)

(Wakeup)

Peterson TSL /

(Sleep)

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(Sleep)

(Wakeup)

(Producer-consumer)

count =N => sleep

insert_intem()

count=0 => sleep

wait for next item

consumer is not

sleeping (signal is

lost)

wakeup(consumer

)

count++

instert_item()

count=0,

read_count

ConsumerProducer

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Down: ,

Up: 1, , down . 0.

.

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Mutexes

mutex_lock

mutex_unlock

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mutex-

,

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(condition

variables)

wait

signal

?

signal

signal

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JAVA

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: JAVA

synchronized .

JAVA synchronized ,

synchronized

wait = sleep notify = wakeup

JAVA

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: JAVA

: JAVA

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: JAVA

-

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Send (destination, &message)

Receive (source, &message)

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N

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MPI (Message Passing Interface)

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deadlock ?

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( 1)

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( 2)

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(Scheduling)

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(Sc edu g)

ready CPU

(scheduler)

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CPU I/O .

) CPU-bound process

) I/O bound process

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Batch

InteractiveReal-Time

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(throughput)

(turnaround time)

CPU

(response time)

Batch

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Batch-

(Firs-Come First-Served)

(Shortest Job First)

(Shortest Remaining Time Next)

(Firs Come First Served)

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(Firs-Come First-Served)

.

:

CPU-bound 1 I/O , I/O-bound

1000 I/O

CPU

I/O-bound 1000 .

CPU-bound 10ms

I/O-bound 10 .


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) 14 .

) 11 .


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Batch

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Batch

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Round-Robin

Priority Scheduling

Multiple Queues

Shortest Process Next

Guaranteed Scheduling

Lottery Scheduling Fair-Share Scheduling

Round-Robin

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) runnable

) runnable B

(quantum)

(Priority Scheduling)

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(Priority Scheduling)

(Multiple Queues)

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(Multiple Queues)

8-3

4-2

2-1

1

(Shortest Process Next)

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(S o es ocess e )

(Guaranteed Scheduling)

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( g)

(Lottery Scheduling)

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( y g)

/

1 .

.

,

-

(Fair-Share Scheduling )

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( g )

4 ,,, ...

...

Real-Time

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m

i Pi Ci

1

1m

i

i i

C

P=

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:

( )

( )

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Documents

SS-02 Procesi