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\mqsnqmbi [cwb{q? \{m @nidnEcamn F{ccabe n Icj`clqca Ameci|mbi bf Wb|q%Zn{ Wb`mqml|

Lbi|s`qnqmbi| ln{{mca bsq k} qhc MFO nia mq| wn{qic{| mi {clciq ebiqh|, |sjjc|q qhnq ecamnf{ccabe m| n icj`clqca ameci|mbi mi \{m @nidn| wb|q%zn{ wb`mqml|) Zmqhmi qhc zmac{ `nia|lnwc bfamemim|hmij hbwc|, en{dca k} qhc fnamij bf cn{`} bwqmem|e bf n wcnlc amvmacia nll{smij f{be qhccia bf \{m @nidn| lmvm` zn{ mi En} ;77=, qhc lbsiq{}| ecamn w{nlqmqmbic{| lbiqmisc qb fnlcfb{emank`c amffmls`qmc|) Bvc{q ecn|s{c| bf lbc{lmbi n{c `c|| lbi|wmlsbs| qhni as{mij qhc zn{}cn{|) Ksq qhc{c n{c fcn{| qhnq f{cc |wcclh m| fn``mij vmlqme mi n ecamn civm{bieciq mi zhmlh

wb`mqmln` nia fminilmn` wbzc{ m| acw`b}ca qb |m`cilc am||ciq)

Qhc {c|qmvc icz ebba m| {cw{c|ciqca nebij bqhc{ qhmij|, mi qhc {clciq qcnlhc{| |q{mdc zhmlh`ca qb n qh{cc ebiqh `bij |hsqabzi bf qhc lbsiq{}| simvc{|mqmc|) Qhc |qnqca {cn|bi| fb{ qhc|q{mdc zc{c n wc{lcmvca acl`mic mi wn} nia zb{dmij lbiamqmbi| mi qhc qcnlhmij lbeesimq}, qhbsjhqhc `n{jc{ {cn|bi zn| qhc lbiqmismij anenjc mif`mlqca bi \{m @nidn| bilc hmjh`} {cjn{acacaslnqmbi |}|qce) N| qhc |q{mdc ciqc{ca mq| qhm{a ebiqh, bffmlmn` |wbdc|wc{|bi| s|mij qhcm{ebibwb`} bvc{ qhc |qnqc%bzica ecamn, acibsilca mq n| ni cffb{q qb qbww`c n acebl{nqmln``}c`clqca wb`mqmln` {cjmec nia {cvc{|c qhc jnmi| bf qhc aclm|mvc vmlqb{} nlhmcvca mi n ~sn{qc{%lciqs{} `bij lmvm` zn{) \wclmfml miamvmasn`| zc{c ineca nebij qhc `cnac{|hmw bf qhc Fcac{nqmbibf Simvc{|mq} Qcnlhc{| N||blmnqmbi| (FSQN- n`` bf qhce hmjh`} {cjn{aca nlnaceml| n|kcn{mij {c|wbi|mkm`mq} fb{ qhm| lbi|wm{nqb{mn` w`ni)

Qhc FSQN njmqnqmbi a{cz zmac wsk`ml |swwb{q) Nia qhm| hn| ibq k} ni} ecni|, kcci qhc |qm{{mijbf am|lbiqciq kcicnqh qhc w`nlma |s{fnlc bf wb|q%zn{ \{m @nidni |blmcq}) Zb{dc{| nq qhc wsk`ml|clqb{ Lc}`bi C`clq{mlmq} Kbn{a hnvc |hbzi |mji| bf {c|qmvcic|| mi {clciq zccd| bvc{ |qnjiniqwn}) Mias|q{mn` nlqmbi zmqhmi qhc |clqb{ hn| `ca qb wbzc{ lsq| mi wn{q| bf qhc lbsiq{}) Bk|c{vc{|kc`mcvc qhnq qhc jbvc{ieciq bf W{c|maciq Enhmian [nonwnd|n m| mivc|qmij qbb hcnvm`} mi `n{jc%|ln`c mif{n|q{slqs{c |slh n| wb{q| nia cxw{c||zn}|, |q{cqlhmij qhc clbibeml nia fminilmn`lnwnlmqmc| bf qhc lbsiq{} kc}bia qb`c{nk`c `memq|) Hseni {mjhq| `nz}c{| nia lmvm` |blmcq}lnewnmji j{bsw| kc`mcvc qhnq wci|mbi fsia| zhmlh n{c enianqca qb fsilqmbi siac{ qhc lciq{n`knid nia dccw qhcm{ mivc|qeciq| `bij%qc{e nia |nfc, n{c ibz kcmij miaslca k} |skq`cjbvc{ieciq w{c||s{c qb ks} sw |hn{c| mi l{slmn` wsk`ml mi|qmqsqmbi|, |slh n| knid|) Qhc j{bzmijlbilciq{nqmbi bf wbzc{ mi qhc hnia| bf qhc jbvc{ieciq m| cihnilca k} ni nll{cqmbi bf clbibeml

wbzc{) W`nlceciq| bf navc{qm|ceciq| k} qhc jbvc{ieciq n{c kcmij s|ca zmqh |wclmfml miqciq qblbiq{b` camqb{mn` njcian|) N| n fmin` cifb{lc{ bf qhc {s`mij wn{q}| zm``, ebic} wbzc{ lbs`a n`|b kcacw`b}ca qb am{clq`} qndc bvc{ ecamn bsq`cq|)

Qhc ecamn qc{{nmi mq|c`f {cenmi| lbiqc|qca, zmqh qhc fcz w`nqfb{e| qhnq n{c zm``mij qb bffc{ n fnm{vbmlc qb qhc Qnem` lbeesimq} bfqci kcmij nlls|ca zmqh `mqq`c |skq`cq} bf kcmij qc{{b{m|q|}ewnqhm|c{| b{ q{cn|bibs| mi miqciq) Zmqhmi qhc ecamn, qhc fnm`s{c qb qndc n `cnw nl{b|| nl{slmn` amvmac nia nlhmcvc n |qnqc bf jcismic amvc{|mq} m| kc|q {cw{c|ciqca k} jbvc{ieciq lbiq{b`zhmlh {cenmi| |mjimfmlniq, kbqh mi qc{e| bf bzic{|hmw nia navc{qm|mij |wciamij, n| n`|b lbiqciqaclm|mbi|)

Ecamn f{ccabe n| c||ciqmn` lbewbiciq bf inqmbin` {clbilm`mnqmbi

Mi Os`} ;7>; qhc Jbvc{ieciq bf \{m @nidn (J\@- niibsilca n Inqmbin` Nlqmbi W`ni (INW- qbjmvc cffclq qb qhc {clbeecianqmbi| bf n lbeem||mbi bi inqmbin` {clbilm`mnqmbi) Qhc @c||bi|@cn{iq nia [clbilm`mnqmbi Lbeem||mbi (@@[L- n| mq zn| ln``ca, zn| nwwbmiqca zmqh nw{c|maciqmn` enianqc n zhb`c }cn{ nfqc{ qhc zn{| cia) Ac|wmqc cn{`} |lcwqmlm|e nkbsq mq| qc{e|bf {cfc{cilc, qhc hcn{mij| bf qhc lbeem||mbi ama eninjc qb sicn{qh |bec mewb{qniq mf wn{qmn`acqnm`| nkbsq lmvm`mni |sffc{mij mi qhc ib{qh bf qhc lbsiq{} mi qhc `n|q }cn{| bf qhc zn{) Mi n {cwb{q{siimij qb bvc{ 177 wnjc|, |skemqqca mi Ibvcekc{ ;7>>, qhc @@[L hna ib eb{c qhni qzb wnjc|qhnq zc{c bf am{clq {c`cvnilc qb qhc ecamn) Ksq qhc fcz {clbeecianqmbi| qhnq mq ama endc mi qhm|{c|wclq, zc{c accw`} lbi|c~sciqmn`)

Qhc lbeem||mbi hna {clbeeciaca |qcw| qb w{cvciq nqqnld| bi ecamn wc{|biic` niami|qmqsqmbi|, qhc mivc|qmjnqmbi bf |slh cvciq| f{be qhc wn|q nia acqc{{ciq wsim|heciq zhc{cnww{bw{mnqc) Mq n`|b s{jca qhc {c|qb{nqmbi bf fs`` {mjhq| qb f{cc ebvceciq fb{ ecamn wc{|biic` nia

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qhc cinlqeciq bf n {mjhq qb mifb{enqmbi ([QM- `nz) Qhc bk|c{vnqmbi| bf qhc @@[L qhnq hnvc nkcn{mij bi ecamn f{ccabe, ac|c{vc qb kc ~sbqca nq |bec `cijqh?

F{ccabe bf cxw{c||mbi nia {mjhq qb mifb{enqmbi, zhmlh n{c simvc{|n``} {cjn{aca n|kn|ml hseni {mjhq|, w`n} n wmvbqn` {b`c mi ni} {clbilm`mnqmbi w{blc||) Mq m| qhc{cfb{cc||ciqmn` qhnq ecamn f{ccabe kc cihnilca mi dccwmij zmqh acebl{nqml w{milmw`c| nia{c`cvniq fsianeciqn` {mjhq| bk`mjnqmbi|, |milc ni} {c|q{mlqmbi| w`nlca bi ecamnf{ccabe zbs`a bi`} lbiq{mksqc qb ni civm{bieciq bf am|q{s|q nia fcn{ zmqhmi nianebij cqhiml j{bsw|)Qhm| zbs`a bi`} w{cvciq n lbi|q{slqmvc cxlhnijc bf mifb{enqmbi nia bwmimbi w`nlmij

|cvc{c lbi|q{nmiq| bi qhc bijbmij {clbilm`mnqmbi w{blc||)Qhc Lbeem||mbi |q{bij`} {clbeecia| qhnq?n) N`` |qcw| |hbs`a kc qndci qb w{cvciq hn{n||eciq nia nqqnld| bi ecamn wc{|biic`nia mi|qmqsqmbi|)k) Nlqmbi es|q kc qndci qb mewb|c acqc{{ciq wsim|heciq bi |slh bffcilc|, nia n`|bw{mb{mq} |hbs`a kc jmvci qb qhc mivc|qmjnqmbi, w{b|clsqmbi nia am|wb|n` bf |slh ln|c|qb ksm`a sw wsk`ml lbifmacilc mi qhc l{memin` os|qmlc |}|qce)l) Wn|q milmaciq| bf |slh m``cjn` nlqmbi |hbs`a kc w{bwc{`} mivc|qmjnqca) QhcLbeem||mbi bk|c{vc| zmqh lbilc{i qhnq n isekc{ bf obs{in`m|q| nia ecamnmi|qmqsqmbi| hnvc kcci nqqnldca mi qhc {clciq wn|q) \slh bffcilc| c{bac qhc wsk`mllbifmacilc mi qhc |}|qce bf os|qmlc) Qhc{cfb{c, qhc Lbeem||mbi {clbeecia| qhnq|qcw| |hbs`a kc qndci qb cxwcamqmbs|`} lbil`sac mivc|qmjnqmbi| |b qhnq bffciac{| n{c

k{bsjhq qb kbbd zmqhbsq ac`n})a) Qhc Jbvc{ieciq |hbs`a ci|s{c qhc f{ccabe bf ebvceciq bf ecamn wc{|biic` miqhc Ib{qh nia Cn|q, n| mq zbs`a hc`w mi qhc cxlhnijc bf mifb{enqmbi lbiq{mksqmij qbqhc w{blc|| bf {clbilm`mnqmbi)c) @cjm|`nqmbi kc cinlqca qb ci|s{c qhc {mjhq qb mifb{enqmbi)

Qhc MFO nia mq| wn{qic{| n{c lbilc{ica qhnq ac|wmqc qhc|c vc{} l`cn{ nlqmbi wbmiq|, qhc INW abc|ibq |cq abzi ni} qmec%`mic fb{ qhc wn||njc bf ni [QM `nz nia w{bknk`} j`b||c| bvc{ qhc icca qbam|wc` qhc l`menqc bf mewsimq} fb{ nqqnld| bi qhc ecamn) N {cjmec bf q{ni|wn{cil} nia qhcn||s{nilc bf f{cc ebvceciq fb{ ecamn wc{|bi|, n`|b |cce n {cebqc w{b|wclq)

Qhc{c m| nq qhm| qmec n acj{cc bf lbifs|mbi bvc{ qhc inqs{c bf qhc {c`nqmbi|hmw kcqzcci qhc INW

nia ni cn{`mc{ nlqmbi w`ni niibsilca mi Aclcekc{ ;7>>, qmq`ca qhc Inqmbin` Nlqmbi W`ni fb{ qhcW{bqclqmbi nia W{bebqmbi bf Hseni [mjhq| ({cfc{{ca qb lbeebi`} n| IH[NW-) Qhc `nqqc{w{bj{neec bf nlqmbi zn| cvb`vca k} qhc J\@ n| wn{q bf vb`siqn{} lbeemqeciq| enac nq qhcSimvc{|n` Wc{mbaml [cvmcz (SW[- bf \{m @nidn nq qhc S)I) Hseni [mjhq| Lbsilm` (SIH[L- miEn} ;778) Dc} lbeemqeciq| siac{ qhc IH[NW qhnq hnvc n am{clq kcn{mij bi ecamn f{ccabe,mil`sac qhc cinlqeciq bf ni [QM `nz zmqhmi n }cn{, n {cvmcz bf qhc Bffmlmn` \cl{cq| Nlq zmqhmi |mxebiqh|, nia lbew{chci|mvc `cjm|`nqmbi bi miqc{icq nllc|| zmqhmi n ebiqh) Ibic bf qhc|clbeemqeciq| hn| kcci ecq) Mf ni}qhmij, qhc{c hn| kcci n lbiq{n{} q{cia n| qhm| {cwb{q {clb{a| min `nqc{ |clqmbi, zmqh qhc miq{baslqmbi bf ni n{kmq{n{} {s`c fb{ {cjm|q{nqmbi bf icz| zck|mqc|,c|qnk`m|hmij n ac fnlqbib{e bf {c|q{nmimij qhc f{ccabe bf cxw{c||mbi zmqhbsq n l`cn{ `cjn` b{lbi|qmqsqmbin` enianqc)\mem`n{`}, mi {c`nqmbi qb qhc {mjhq qb mifb{enqmbi, qhc `n|q acebi|q{nqmbi bf miqciq k} qhc J\@, hn|

kcci lbiq{n{}) Mi Osic ;7>>, qhc {s`mij n``mnilc b{jnim|ca mq| fb{emank`c isekc{| mi wn{`mneciqqb vbqc abzi n f{ccabe bf mifb{enqmbi km`` miq{baslca k} qhc acwsq} `cnac{ bf qhc bwwb|mqmbi n| nw{mvnqc ecekc{| mimqmnqmvc) Ac|wmqc qhc IH[NW nia qhc INW kcmij niibsilca |milc, qhc{c hn|kcci ib cxw`mlmq n||s{nilc f{be qhc hmjhc|q `cvc` bf qhc \{m @nidni wb`mqmln` `cnac{|hmw, qhnq qhc}miqcia qb {cvc{|c lbs{|c mi qhc w{nlqmln` {cn`e)

F{cc ebvceciq fn{ f{be n||s{caQbzn{a| qhc cia bf \cwqcekc{ ;7>;, qhc J\@ acl`n{ca qhc l`b|s{c bf qhc Ecimd Fn{e lnew fb{miqc{inqmbin``} am|w`nlca wc{|bi| (MAW|- mi Vnvsim}n am|q{mlq mi qhc ib{qh bf qhc lbsiq{}) Vnvsim}nm| bic bf fbs{ am|q{mlq| mi qhc Vniim {cjmbi, zhmlh kcn{ qhc zb{|q |ln{| bf qhc zn{| `n|q whn|c) Miqhc ebiqh| nfqc{ qhc cia bf qhc zn{, Ecimd Fn{e hna

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F{be qhc cn{`} wn{q bf ;7>7, qhc J\@ kcjni n``bzmij MAW| hbs|ca mi qhc lnew| qhnq zc{ckcjmiimij qb cn{i zb{`azmac ibqb{mcq} n| miqc{ieciq lciq{c|, qb {cqs{i hbec) Qhm| zn| hc{n`acami bffmlmn` |qnqceciq| n| qhc kcjmiimij bf n {nwma w{blc|| bf ib{en`m|nqmbi mi n lbsiq{} {nvnjcak} }cn{| bf cqhiml hnq{ca nia dm``mij) Ksq eb{c |ci|mqmvc c`ceciq| zmqhmi qhc \{m @nidni ecamnfbsia bi q{nldmij qhb|c zhb zc{c |ccdmij qb {cksm`a qhcm{ `mvc|, qhnq qhc} hna `mqq`c qb {cqs{i qb)Qhc} `nldca qhc {c|bs{lc| qb kcjmi `mfc nf{c|h nfqc{ qhc acvn|qnqmbi mif`mlqca mi qhc `n|q whn|c| bfqhc zn{ nia qhc} hna ib l`cn{ macn bf qhc `nia| qhc} hna qcis{c bvc{, zhci miqci|mvc em`mqn{}lb`bim|nqmbi mi qhc ib{qh nia qhc cn|q hna kcci nabwqca n| n wn{q bf qhc inqmbin` |cls{mq}|q{nqcj})

K} \cwqcekc{ ;7>;, fczc{ qhni >,;77 {cenmica mi Ecimd Fn{e) Qhbsjh bffmlmn``} wb{q{n}ca n|ni mewb{qniq em`c|qbic, mi qhc w{cvn`ciq ebba bf |lcwqmlm|e, qhc l`b|s{c bf qhc lnew zn| |ccin| n lb|ecqml endcbvc{ mi w{cwn{nqmbi fb{ qhc Simvc{|n` Wc{mbaml [cvmcz qb kc siac{qndci mi qhcS)I) Hseni [mjhq| Lbsilm` |c||mbi, kcjmiimij cia%Blqbkc{) Kc}bia qhc w{bwnjnian em`cnjcjnmica mi qhc {nwma abzi|mmij bf qhc MAW lnew f{be mq| enxmese cxwni|c mi qhc wb|q%zn{ebiqh|, qhc{c zc{c ~sc|qmbi| wb|ca nkbsq qhc ~sn`mq} bf `mfc n||s{nilc| qhnq qhc J\@ zn|cxqciamij qb qhc {c|cqq`ca wbws`nqmbi)

\bbi nfqc{ qhc J\@ niibsilca mq| miqciq qb l`b|c abzi Ecimd Fn{e, n icz| qcne f{be qhcCij`m|h `nijsnjc anm`} Lc}`bi Qban} q{nvc``ca qb Vnvsim}n am|q{mlq qb {clb{a qhc `n|q an}| bfwb|q%zn{ {c|cqq`ceciq) Qhc qcne hna eslh qb |n} nkbsq qhc |qnqc bf silc{qnmiq} qhnq Ecimd Fn{ezciq knld qb, cvci zhci qhc} zc{c nk`c qb {si qhc jnsiq`cq bf qhc hcnv} em`mqn{} w{c|cilc nia

fmia qhcm{ `n|q w`nlc bf |cqq`ceciq) Mq n`|b fbsia qhnq mi wb|q%zn{ \{m @nidn, sicn{qhmijmifb{enqmbi mi qhc miqc{c|q bf \{m @nidn| zn{%am|w`nlca lni w{bvc ansiqmij) Qhc bk|qnl`c| qhnqqhc icz| qcne fnlca n| mq zciq nkbsq qhc obk bf ablseciqmij qhc l`b|s{c bf Ecimd Fn{e, n{cin{{nqca mi fm{|q wc{|bi mi qhc fb``bzmij qc{e|?

Zhnq m| jbmij bi mi n `mqq`c%dibzi w`nlc ineca \ccim}nebqqnm mi qhc Es``nqmvs Am|q{mlqm| n zc``%jsn{aca |cl{cq, zmqh amffc{ciq njcilmc| bffc{mij amffc{ciq miqc{w{cqnqmbi|)Bfqci, qhc ni|zc{ m| qb acl`n{c qhnq qhc} n{c ibq nsqhb{mca qb |wcnd qb obs{in`m|q|,si`c|| wnwc{| n{c w{blc||ca qh{bsjh qhc bic wbzc{fs` njcil}, Emim|q{} bf Acfcilc,wc{emqqmij bffmlmn`| qb |wcnd)

Qhc{c zn| ib cxwclqnqmbi bf n lb{amn` zc`lbec bi bs{ wn{q, ksq mq zn| enac vc{}

l`cn{ qhnq qhc icz {c|cqq`ceciq mimqmnqmvc zn| qb kc n hs|h%hs|h bwc{nqmbi, nq `cn|q fb{qhc qmec kcmij) Zc zc{c {sac`} qb`a qhnq qhc{c zn| ibqhmij fb{ ni}bic qb |cc mi|mac nzc`fn{c lnew nia zc |hbs`a ibq kc bvc{`} ls{mbs|) Fnlm`mqnqca `n{jc`} k} qhcem`mqn{}, mq kb{c n`` |mji| bf n lnew qhnq m| |qm`` kcmij |cq sw)

Jb c`|czhc{c) Vm|mq W{nkhndn{ni| |zmeemij wbb`>) Qhc{c m| ibqhmij fb{ }bs hc{c,n osimb{ bffmlc{ bi asq} qb`a s|) Qhc |q}`c bf bwc{nqmbi, qhc {cfs|n` qb |hn{c ni}mifb{enqmbi, zn| mi lbiq{n|q qb qhc jbvc{ieciq| `bfq} l`nme| bf q{ni|wn{cil} nianllbsiqnkm`mq} mi qhc {c|cqq`ceciq w{blc||, nia qb qhc eni} n||s{nilc| bffc{ca qb s|mi Lb`bekb qhnq qhc{c n{c ib MAW| ibz) Fcc` f{cc qb vm|mq ni} w`nlc)

Qhc obs{ic} nia qhc mifb{enqmbi k`bldnac mi \ccim}nebqqnm acebi|q{nqca qhnq

qhbsjh mq m| ibz wb|q%zn{, {c|cqq`ceciq, `mdc eni} bqhc{ m||sc| lbiiclqca qb qhclbil`saca zn{, |qm`` {cenmica qnkbb n qbwml) \b, \ccim}nebqqnm |njn zn| ibq sw fb{am|ls||mbi) Qhc{c zn| ib |s{w{m|c zhci zc zc{c acimca ciq{} miqb qhc icz zc`fn{cvm``njc) Mf qhc {c`blnqca n{c qb kc kc`mcvca, qhc{c m| vc{} `mqq`c zc`fn{c zmqhmi qhc |mqc,zmqh ib znqc{, c`clq{mlmq} b{ cvci lbbdca fbba kcmij nvnm`nk`c) Zcaic|an}| {nmilns|ca qhc MAW| qb jcq a{cilhca mi qhcm{ icz%fbsia hbec, zmqh qciq| kcmij |ln{lc);

>Qhm| m| n {cfc{cilc qb Vc`swm``nm W{nkhndn{ni, `cnac{ bf qhc Qnem` mi|s{jciq j{bsw qhnq zciq

abzi mi acfcnq qb qhc \{m @nidn N{e} mi En} ;77=) ;[c`blnqca qb Ibzhc{c, Lc}`bi Qban}, \cwqcekc{ ;= ;7>;4 cxq{nlqca bi Blqbkc{ ;3, ;7>; nq?

hqqw?""zzz)lc}`biqban})`d"3=%>%icz|%acqnm`%{c`blnqca%qb%ibzhc{c)hqe` )

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\mem`n{ cxwc{mcilc| zc{c in{{nqca k} n {cwb{qc{ fb{ qhc icz| wb{qn` @nidn|qnian{a f{be nicxwcamqmbi miqb qhc Vniim qb acqc{emic qhc hbz q{sc qhc bffmlmn` in{{nqmvc bi {c|cqq`ceciq zn|?

\s{m}nws{ne lnew zhmlh m| |mqsnqca mi l`b|c w{bxmemq} qb qhc \cls{mq} Fb{lc| Hcna^sn{qc{| mi Es``nmqmvs m| jsn{aca k} n j{bsw bf n{e} wc{|biic` nia qhc ecamn m| ibqn``bzca qb vm|mq qhc MAW|, mi fcn{ bf qhc fnlq| kcmij {cwb{qca)))) Zhci Qhc@nidn|qnian{a vm|mqca \s{m}nws{ne lnew mi Iniamdnan` bi Zcaic|an} \cwqcekc{;6, ;7>; qb {cwb{q bi qhc cffmlnl} bf qhc {c %|cqq`ceciq w{bj{neec bf qhc MAW| niaqhc w{bj{c|| qhc{cbf, qhc n{e} |qbw| s| mi bs{ q{nld|) Qhc em`mqn{} wc{|biic` nq qhclhcld wbmiq qb`a s| zc lbs`a ibq w{blcca si`c|| zc hna cmqhc{ qhc wc{em||mbi bf qhc

Am|q{mlq \cl{cqn{} Es``nmqmvs b{ qhc Lmvm` Nffnm{| Bffmlc{| bf qhc \cls{mq} Fb{lc|Hcna~sn{qc{| Es``nmqmvs))) E} whbqbj{nwhc{ nia M zhb zc{c mi Es``nmqmvs biZcaic|an} nia Qhs{|an} zc{c |qbwwca f{be ciqc{mij qhc \s{m}nws{ne lnew miIniamdnan` k} qhc n{e} bffmlc{| bi jsn{a) Qhm| zn| qhc lnew zhc{c qhc `n|q knqlh bfMAW| f{be qhc Enimd Fn{e zn| k{bsjhq qb n`qhbsjh qhc jbvc{ieciq l`nmeca qhc}zc{c {c%|cqq`ca mi qhcm{ vm``njc|))) Ibq bi`} ama qhc} |qbw s| f{be ciqc{mij qhc\s{m}nws{ne lnew, qhc} qh{cnqcica s| ibq qb z{mqc ni}qhmij acq{meciqn` qb qhce)))Bic bf qhc n{e} bffmlc{| mi|mac qhc endc|hmfq lnew |hbsqca nq ec qb `cnvc qhc n{cnmeecamnqc`} nia zn{ica ec ibq qb z{mqc ni}qhmij njnmi|q qhc lnew nia qhc MAWj{mcvnilc| ksq qb emia e} bzi ks|mic||)>) Hc zn| am|lbvc{ca mi n l{mqmln` lbiamqmbi k} wn||c{|%k} nia qndci qb OnffinJcic{n` Hb|wmqn` zhc{c hc zn| wsq bi `mfc%|swwb{q)

Ib cia qb mewsimq}Mi c`clqmbi| qhnq hna os|q kcci lbil`saca qhc w{cvmbs| zccd qb `bln` qbzi lbsilm`| mi qhcib{qhc{i w{bvmilc, qhc Qnem` Inqmbin` N``mnilc (QIN-, zhmlh |q{bij`} bwwb|c| qhc {s`mij lbn`mqmbi

bf W{c|maciq [nonwnd|n, zbi >8 bf ;< lbsilm`|) Sqhn}ni| camqb{mn` wb`ml} mi knldmij qhc QINnwwcn{ca qhc am{clq w{bvblnqmbi fb{ qhc icn{ `cqhn` nqqnld bi mq| |cimb{ icz| camqb{) Qhm| zn| qhc|clbia nqqnld bi ni Sqhn}ni |qnffc{ mi Onffin mi qhc |wnlc bf n fcz ebiqh|) Bi ;8 En}, \)Dnvmqhn{ni, n {cwb{qc{ zmqh qhc icz|wnwc{, zn| nqqnldca mi qhc lmq} mi n |mem`n{ eniic{ zhm`c bihm| zn} qb zb{d) Ib mivc|qmjnqmbi| zc{c lbiaslqca)

Dshninqhni nia Dnvmqhn{ni hnvc |milc kcci j{niqca wb`mqmln` n|}`se mi \zmqc{`nia)

Qhc|c qzb zc{c qhc `nqc|q mi n `bij |c~scilc bf qn{jcqca nqqnld| bi qhc |qnff nia w{cem|c| bfSqhn}nimi Onffin lmq} nia c`|czhc{c) Mi Onisn{} ;776, \)\) \sdm{qhn{noni, n {cwb{qc{ fb{\san{B`m, n icz|wnwc{ f{be qhc |nec j{bsw, zn| |hbq acna mi Q{milben`cc mi qhc cn|qc{i w{bvmilc, micvmaciq {cq{mksqmbi fb{ hm| {b`c mi cxwb|mij qhc cxclsqmbi%|q}`c dm``mij bf fmvc Qnem` |qsaciq| k} \{m

@nidni n{eca fb{lc|) Mi En} qhc |nec }cn{, qzb cew`b}cc| zc{c dm``ca mi ni n{eca nqqnld biqhc Sqhn}niw{cem|c| mi Onffin qhnq en} hnvc hna Dshninqhni n| qn{jcq) @nqc{ qhnq ebiqh, nac`mvc{} vni kc`bijmij qb qhc icz|wnwc{ zn| nqqnldca nia mq| a{mvc{ dm``ca) Nibqhc{ nqqnld bi qhcSqhn}ni bffmlc blls{{ca mi Nsjs|q ;776) Nia mi Nw{m` ;77:, \) [noccvn{eni, ni Sqhn}ni{cwb{qc{ mi Onffin, zn| |hbq acna nfqc{ {cwb{qmij bi am|nwwcn{nilc| mi qhc ib{qhc{i w{bvmilc)

Mi Onisn{} ;7>;, n amw`benqml lnk`c f{be qhc S)\) nekn||nab{ qb \{m @nidn nq qhc qmec lnec qb`mjhq, {clb{amij n 1 Blqbkc{ ;776 lbivc{|nqmbi zmqh Kn|m` [nonwnd|n, k{bqhc{ bf qhc w{c|maciq

7 hn|kcci icj`mjmk`c) Ac|wmqc blln|mbin` |qnqceciq| f{be mivc|qmjnqmbi njcilmc| qhnq a{nenqmlam|lbvc{mc| zc{c meemiciq, hcn{mij| mi kbqh qhc|c enqqc{| hnvc {cwcnqca`} naobs{ica zmqh qhc

wb`mlc {cwb{qmij ibqhmij bf lbi|c~scilc)

Ecnizhm`c, cffb{q| k} obs{in`m|q| qh{bsjh w{bfc||mbin` kbamc| mil`samij MFO nffm`mnqc|, qhc F{ccEcamn Ebvceciq (FEE- nia qhc \{m @nidn Zb{dmij Obs{in`m|q| N||blmnqmbi (\@ZON- qbhmjh`mjhq qhc m||sc bf mewsimq} hnvc kcci `mdcica k} bffmlmn` |wbdc|wc{|bi| qb hmjh q{cn|bi) Miqhc |clbia zccd bf Onisn{} qhm| }cn{, qhc jbvc{ieciq%bzica QV lhniic` `nsilhca ni nqqnld,k{m|q`mij zmqh si|cce`} njj{c||mbi, njnmi|q qhc FEE) Zhm`c w`n}mij fbbqnjc bi mq| enmi icz|w{bj{neec| bf FEE ecekc{| nia nlqmvm|q| f{be wn|q lnewnmji|, qhc lhniic` {ni lbeeciqn{}nqqnldmij qhce mi vm{s`ciq qc{e|) Nllb{amij qb n {c`mnk`c q{ni|`nqmbi w{bvmaca k} MFO |bs{lc| mi \{m@nidn, qhc lbeeciqn{} nlls|ca qhc|c nlqmvm|q| bf kcq{n}mij qhc ebqhc{`nia fb{ jb`a niaqmq`c|) Zmqh ebld {cj{cq qhnq qhc ac|lcianiq| bf miamvmasn`| zhb zc{c dm``ca as{mij qhc {cmji bfqhc dmij| `mvc bi qban}, qhc lbeeciqn{} w{bem|ca qhnq qhb|c zhb ab ib jbba qb qhc lbsiq{},

zbs`a |bec an} fnlc ib jbba)

Vc{kn` nks|c n| qhc ib{eBi Onisn{} >7, qhc jbvc{ieciq%bzica icz|wnwc{ nlls|ca qhc FEE bf wcqmqmbimij qhcCs{bwcni Simbi (C)S)- qb qc{eminqc \{m @nidn| km`nqc{n` q{nac w{cfc{cilc|) Qzb fb{ec{lbivcib{| bf qhc FEE nia, k} |skq`c mew`mlnqmbi, qhc ls{{ciq hb`ac{ bf qhnq wb|q, zc{c nlls|cabf |ccdmij qb siac{emic n lbilc||mbi qhnq eni} mias|q{mc| mi \{m @nidn kcicfmq f{be) Qhc {cwb{qama ibq |qmiq mi qhc s|c bf |sjjc|qmvc nia cxq{cec`} hb|qm`c {hcqb{ml, ac|l{mkmij qhc miamvmasn`|

1Qhc fs`` qcxq bf lnk`c f{be [bkc{q K`ndc, S)\) nekn||nab{ mi \{m @nidn nq qhc qmec nia `nqc{

N||m|qniq \cl{cqn{} bf \qnqc fb{ \bsqh N|mn mi qhc Kn{nld Bknen naemim|q{nqmbi, m| nvnm`nk`c nq?

hqqw?""zzz)zmdm`cnd|%fb{se)lbe"miacx)whw2qbwml58;)7 )

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ineca n| niqm%inqmbin` c`ceciq| zhb zc{c |s|qnmica bifb{cmji fsia|) Qhc nlls|nqmbi| zc{cw{bvnk`} fn`|c, |milc qhc FEE hn| icvc{ navblnqca qhc zmqha{nzn` bf q{nac lbilc||mbi| qb \{m@nidn)

Qhm| wn{qmls`n{ {bsia bf hb|qm`c {hcqb{ml en} hnvc kcci w{bvbdca k} qhc FEE {c|b`vc qb bk|c{vcn k`nld an} bi Onisn{} ;3 qb lbeeceb{nqc qhc enob{ nq{blmqmc| lbeemqqca bi obs{in`m|q| miqhnq ebiqh bvc{ w{clcamij }cn{|? mil`samij qhc es{ac{ bf @n|niqhn Zmld{nenqsijc nia qhcam|nwwcn{nilc bf W{njccqh Cdin`mjban) W{mb{ qb qhc FEE| w`niica acebi|q{nqmbi, qhcjbvc{ieciq |cls{ca n lbs{q miosilqmbi {c|q{mlqmij qhc w{bqc|q| qb n in{{bz n{cn n{bsia qhc Fb{q[nm`zn} \qnqmbi, n enob{ `niaen{d mi qhc lnwmqn` lmq}) Jnij| bf |qmld%zmc`amij qbsjh| {cwb{qca`}

qbbd bvc{ qhc w`nlc zhc{c qhc acebi|q{nqmbi| zc{c w`niica) W`nln{a| ln{{mca k} qhc|c jnij|cxw`mlmq`} maciqmfmca qhc FEE n| ni n``} bf qhc @mkc{nqmbi Qmjc{| bf Qnem` Cc`ne (@QQC-, qhc cqhimlmi|s{jciq j{bsw acfcnqca k} jbvc{ieciq fb{lc| mi ;77= nfqc{ n lmvm` zn{ en{dca k} j{b|| hseni{mjhq| vmb`nqmbi| k} kbqh |mac|)

Bi Onisn{} ;3, qhc jbvc{ieciq%lbiq{b``ca icz|wnwc{, qhc Anm`} Icz|, ln{{mca ni camqb{mn` zhmlhzn{ica qhnq ni} cffb{q qb |nkbqnjc qhc w{bj{c|| bf qhc lbsiq{} k} am|{swqmvc c`ceciq| (zbs`a-kc wsq abzi) Qhc camqb{mn` maciqmfmca qhc FEE n| bic bf qhb|c b{jnim|nqmbi| zhmlh hnvc kccimi qhc fb{cf{biq bf `nekn|qmij qhc @nidni |qnqc bi isec{bs| m||sc|) Qhc FEE, qhc camqb{mn`zn{ica, hn| kcci |qccwca mi lbiq{bvc{|} nia hn| n `bq bf |bs`%|cn{lhmij qb ab)

Bi Onisn{} ;6, Aminemin, qhc \mihn`n%`nijsnjc anm`} f{be qhc |qnqc%bzica @ndc Hbs|c (b{

N||blmnqca Icz|wnwc{| Lc}`bi @qa- j{bsw, ln{{mca n |qb{} zhmlh hna |cimb{ emim|qc{, Dchc`m}n[neksdzc``n, |n}mij qhnq cxm`ca obs{in`m|q| zhb hna qndci sw qhc lnewnmji fb{ hseni {mjhq|nia {clbilm`mnqmbi zc{c q{nmqb{| k{mijmij qhc lbsiq{} miqb am|{cwsqc) @nqc{, qhc Cij`m|h%`nijsnjc anm`} f{be qhc @ndc Hbs|c j{bsw, qhc Anm`} Icz|, {cwb{qca qhnq hseni {mjhq|acfciac{|, mil`samij w{c|| f{ccabe lnewnmjic{| maciqmfmca k} inec, zc{c kcq{n}mij \{m @nidnnia lbiqmismij qb zb{d zmqh qhc qc{{b{m|q {sew bf qhc acfcnqca Qnem` mi|s{jciq j{bsw)

Qhc nks|c {b|c mi miqci|mq} n| qhc S)I) Hseni [mjhq| Lbsilm` (SIH[L- bwcica mq| |c||mbi miEn{lh ;7>; nia kcjni qb lbi|mac{ n {c|b`sqmbi l{mqmln` bf \{m @nidn| {clb{a) Mi ni camqb{mn` biEn{lh >6, Aminemin ac|l{mkca hseni {mjhq| acfciac{| n| acjcic{nqc| nia acibsilcawn{qmls`n{ w{c|| f{ccabe lnewnmjic{| n| ebsqhwmclc| bf qhc @QQC) Mq zn{ica qhnq mi n lbsiq{}`mdc M{ni, qhc|c dmia| bf kn|qn{a| zbs`a kc |qbica qb acnqh)

Ahn{en|m{m @nidnwc`m, n vcqc{ni `cnac{ bf qhc Fcac{nqmbi bf Ecamn Cew`b}cc| Q{nac Simbi|(FECQS- %% n kba} {cw{c|ciqmij mi qhc enmi, zb{dc{| nq qhc @ndc Hbs|c nia bqhc{ |qnqc%bzicaj{bsw| %% zn| nebij qhc enmi qn{jcq| bf nks|c) Qhc nqqnld| n`|b cxqciaca qb |blmn` |lmciqm|q|nia wb`mqmln` lbeeciqnqb{| |slh n| W) \n{nvninesqqs, Imen`dn Fc{iniab nia \sim`n

Nkc}|cdn{n, nia w{bemiciq fmjs{c| bf qhc lhs{lh zhb hnvc n{jsca qhc lns|c bf inqmbin`{clbilm`mnqmbi nia nllbsiqnkm`mq} fb{ hseni {mjhq| nks|c| |milc qhc cia bf qhc lmvm` zn{)

Qhc jbvc{ieciq%lbiq{b``ca MQI QV lhniic` hn| kcci nibqhc{ cn|m`} nllc||mk`c w`nqfb{e fb{|cvc{c vc{kn` n||ns`q| njnmi|q obs{in`m|q| nia hseni {mjhq| acfciac{|) Kcqzcci Onisn{} = nia;1, qhc lhniic` ln{{mca ib fczc{ qhni fmvc w{bj{neec| mi mq| anm`} |`bq qmq`ca Vmen|sennqqnldmij obs{in`m|q| w{c|ciq as{mij qhc imicqcciqh {cjs`n{ |c||mbi bf qhc SIH[L, fb{ hnvmij

n``cjca`} kcq{n}ca qhc lbsiq{}) Vmvma nia j{nwhml whbqb%ebiqnjc| zc{c lm{ls`nqca k} vn{mbs|wb`mqmln` nlqb{|, zhmlh acwmlqca obs{in`m|q| nia bqhc{ w{bemiciq hseni {mjhq| acfciac{| n|qc{{b{m|q| nia q{nmqb{|, zb{dmij nq qhc kchc|q bf n`mci fb{lc|)

Bi En{lh ;

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Bi En{lh ;;, qhc |qnqc%lbiq{b``ca MQI lhniic` ln{{mca n icz| mqce l`nmemij qhnq mq zbs`a |bbikc cxwb|mij n q{nmqb{, zhm`c |hbzmij wmlqs{c| bf Jinin|m{m Dbqhqhmjban, qhci qhc w{c|maciq bfqhc \{m @nidn Zb{dmij Obs{in`m|q| N||blmnqmbi (\@ZON-, mi qhc knldj{bsia) Qhc nilhb{%wc{|bi{cfc{{ca qb n isekc{ bf obs{in`m|q| fb{lca miqb cxm`c k} qhc l`menqc bf miqmemanqmbi n| ecamnq{nmqb{| nia |sjjc|qca qhnq Dbqhqhmjban zn| qh{bsjh hm| icz| {cwb{qmij, nmamij qhc lns|c bf|clc||mbi c|wbs|ca k} |clqmbi| bf qhc \{m @nidni Qnem` amn|wb{n)

Qhc \@ZON (|milc {cineca qhc \{m @nidn Obs{in`m|q| N||blmnqmbi, b{ \@ON- m| ni MFO nffm`mnqc bf`bij |qniamij) Wbaan`n On}niqhn, zhb w{clcaca Dbqhqhmjban n| w{c|maciq bf qhc n||blmnqmbi hn|kcci `mvmij mi cxm`c |milc Onisn{} ;7>7 nfqc{ qhc k{sqn` n||ns`q hc |sffc{ca |mx ebiqh| cn{`mc{) Bi

En{lh ;>, qhc Ecamn Emim|q{}miq{baslca n {s`c {c~sm{mij qhc {cjm|q{nqmbi bf n`` zck|mqc| hb|qmij icz| lbiqciq bi qhc lbsiq{})

Ni FEE wcqmqmbi lhn``cijmij qhm| ibqmfmlnqmbi siac{ fsianeciqn` {mjhq| l`ns|c|, zn| am|em||ca

k} qhc \sw{cec Lbs{q mi En} bi j{bsia| qhnq qhc wcqmqmbic{| hna ib `bls| |qniammi qhc enqqc{,|milc qhc zck|mqc| qhce|c`vc| hna lbew`mca zmqh qhc {cjm|q{nqmbi {c~sm{ceciq)

Bi Osic ;=, Lb`bekb lmq} wb`mlc {nmaca qhc bffmlc| bf qzb icz| zck|mqc|, \{m@nidn%X%Icz| nia\{m@nidn Em{{b{, qbbd miqb ls|qba} n`` qhc |qnff w{c|ciq nia mewbsiaca n`` qhcm{ c~smweciq) Nqcne bf nww{bxmenqc`} ;3 `nz cifb{lceciq bffmlmn`| n{{mvca nq qhc |hn{ca w{cem|c| bf qhc qzbzck|mqc| qhnq eb{imij) N`` ecamn zb{dc{| w{c|ciq zc{c acqnmica zmqhmi qhc `bldca w{cem|c| fb{qh{cc hbs{| nia ~sc|qmbica k} qhc wb`mlc, fb``bzmij zhmlh qhc} zc{c qndci nzn} qb qhchcna~sn{qc{| bf qhc L{mec Mivc|qmjnqmbi Acwn{qeciq (LMA-) Lbewsqc{| nia bqhc{ c~smweciqzc{c lbifm|lnqca f{be qhc w{cem|c| bf qhc icz| zck|mqc|)

Lbils{{ciq`}, qhc wb`mlc n`|b {nmaca qhc {c|macilc bf [szni Fc{aminiac, fb{ec{`} zmqh qhc

\{m@nidnEm{{b{ nia qhci camqb{%mi%lhmcf bf \{m@nidnXIcz|) Fc{aminiac m| n l`b|c wb`mqmln`

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n||blmnqc bf qhc bwwb|mqmbi wb`mqmlmni Enijn`n \nen{nzcc{n nia hm| zck|mqc| n{c mi n`` ksqinec, n||blmnqca zmqh \{m @nidn| w{milmwn` bwwb|mqmbi, qhc Simqca Inqmbin` Wn{q} (SIW-) Os|q qhcan} kcfb{c qhc {nma|, \{m @nidn| jbvc{ieciq hna b{ac{ca qhc lbsiq{}| enmi miqc{icq |c{vmlc| qblsq bff nllc|| qb fmvc Qnem`%`nijsnjc icz| zck|mqc|? Qnem`Zmi, Nqhm{vs, \n{mqhni, Wbijsqhnem`nia Wnqhmvs) \{m@nidnEm{{b{ zn| bic bf fmvc zck|mqc| k`bldca k} qhc jbvc{ieciq mi Ibvcekc{;7>>, fb``bzmij n am{clqmvc qhnq n`` zck|mqc| ln{{}mij icz| nia ls{{ciq nffnm{| lbiqciq bi qhclbsiq{} |hbs`a kc {cjm|qc{ca) Mq zn| |sk|c~sciq`} sik`bldca bi lbiamqmbi qhnq mq zbs`a ibqw{bvmac `mid| qb ni} si{cjm|qc{ca zck|mqc|)

Mq zn| ibqca nq qhc qmec qhnq qhc Osic ;= l{nldabzi bi icz| zck|mqc| blls{{ca |bbi nfqc{ qhc

jbvc{ieciq b{ac{ca qhc am||b`sqmbi bf qhc c`clqca jbvc{imij lbsilm`| mi qh{cc w{bvmilc| bf qhclbsiq{}, mil`samij qhc wb`mqmln``} |ci|mqmvc cn|q) Qhc {nma| bi miacwciaciq ecamn en} hnvc kcciwn{q bf n |q{nqcj} qb ls{k l{mqmln` lbeeciqn{} as{mij qhc lnewnmji nia {si%sw qb f{c|h c`clqmbi|mi qhc|c w{bvmilc|) N fb{qimjhq nfqc{ qhc {nma|, qhc Ecamn Emim|q{} m||sca n am{clqmvc {cnffm{emij n{cjm|q{nqmbi {c~sm{ceciq fb{ icz| zck|mqc| nia naamij bi qhc naamqmbin` {c~sm{ceciq bf niniisn` fcc)

Qhbsjh qhc|c am{clqmvc| hnvc ibq kcci |skoclq qb osamlmn` |l{sqmi}, \{m @nidn| \sw{cec Lbs{qzn{ica mi \cwqcekc{, zhm`c hcn{mij n fsianeciqn` {mjhq| wcqmqmbi k} qhc bzic{| bf qhc zck|mqc|qhnq hna kcci {nmaca, njnmi|q ni} em|miqc{w{cqnqmbi bf mq| cn{`mc{ {s`mij mi qhc enqqc{ bf{cjm|q{nqmbi) Mq n`|b b{ac{ca n`` c~smweciq lbifm|lnqca f{be qhc zck|mqc| bffmlc| {cqs{ica zmqhmiqzb zccd|) Zck|mqc |qnff qndci miqb ls|qba} ecnizhm`c hna kcci {c`cn|ca nfqc{ n an} mi

acqciqmbi, bi qhc b{ac{| bf n lmq} enjm|q{nqc) \nen{nzcc{n kc`mcvc| bi qhc cvmacilc bf qhc eb|q{clciq hcn{mij| bf qhc ln|c mi qhc lbs{q, qhnq qhc w{b|clsqmbi m| ibq dcci qb ws{|sc qhc ln|c|milc mq lbs`a wbqciqmn``} w{bvc cekn{{n||mij) Miacca, qhc \sw{cec Lbs{q hna kcci vm|mk`}am|anmifs` bf qhc w{b|clsqmbi ln|c qhnq qhc zn{{niq fb{ {nmamij qhc zck|mqc bffmlc| hna kccij{niqca bi qhc j{bsia| qhnq qhc} hna kcci jsm`q} bf vmb`nqmij qhc enoc|q} bf qhc w{c|maciqmn`ns{n (mi \mihn`c|c, {nondcc}n enhmen-)

Qhc an} qhnq qhc zck|mqc bffmlc| zc{c {nmaca k} wb`mlc, \hniqhn Zmoc|bb{m}n, n obs{in`m|q zb{dmijzmqh \{m@nidn%X%Icz| zn| mi n ks|} en{dcqw`nlc nqqciamij qb {bsqmic lhb{c|, zhci n j{bsw bfqbsjh| nww{bnlhca zmqh cvmaciq miqciq qb |inqlh hme nia ksia`c hme miqb n znmqmij vni)Zmoc|bb{m}n eninjca qb cvnac hm| miqciamij lnwqb{| nia {si qb |nfcq}) Hc |wciq qhc icxq qzbzccd| mi hmamij mi isec{bs| w`nlc| mi Lb`bekb lmq} nia mq| |sks{k|, kcfb{c |cls{mij wn||njc

bsq qb qhc {c`nqmvc |nfcq} bf n icmjhkbs{mij \bsqh N|mni lbsiq{})

Qhc {cn|bi| fb{ qhc nqqcewqca nkaslqmbi {cenmi bk|ls{c) [cwb{q| mi qhc Lb`bekb w{c|| nfqc{qhc cvciq |sjjc|qca qhnq Zmoc|bb{m}n zn| |cci qb kc n wc{|bi zmqh mi|mac dibz`cajc bf qhceniic{ mi zhmlh qhc bwwb|mqmbi zck|mqc| zc{c |s|qnmica)

[cvmvn` bf W{c|| Lbsilm`Qhc ecamn lbeesimq} mi \{m @nidn m| n`|b lbilc{ica nq qhc {cvmvn` bf qhc `bij ab{eniq \{m@nidn W{c|| Lbsilm`| Nlq bf >=:6 fs``%qmec |qnff qhnq qhc W{c|| Lbsilm` cew`b}| qhc \@WLL

m| |cci qb kc n eb{c l{camk`c kba}, kclns|c mq ciob}| qhc lbifmacilc bf qhc icz|wnwc{ mias|q{})

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W{bvmilmn` obs{in`m|q|, zhb|c {b`c zbs`a kc c|wclmn``} l{slmn` mi qhc wb|q%zn{ lbiqcxq, lbiqmisc qb|sffc{ f{be sic~sn` znjc| nia zb{dmij lbiamqmbi|, |c{mbs|`} mewnm{mij qhcm{ ebqmvnqmbi nialbeemqeciq) Qhc} fmia qhce|c`vc| en{jmin`m|ca mi qc{e| bf mifb{enqmbi |bs{lc| nia mjib{ca k}enmi jbvc{ieciqn` njcilmc|, zhmlh bi`} fcc` bk`mjca qb qn`d qb qhc Lb`bekb ecamn) N {mjhq qbmifb{enqmbi `cjm|`nqmbi m| wn{qmls`n{`} mewb{qniq fb{ qhm| lnqcjb{} bf ecamn w{bfc||mbin`, zhb hnvc|wclmn` {cn|bi qb mi|m|q qhnq qhm| {clbeecianqmbi bf qhc @@[L kc mew`ceciqca zmqh nww{bw{mnqc|c{mbs|ic||)Qhc qcisbs| fminilmn` |qnqc bf qhc \{m @nidni ecamn endc| mq vs`ic{nk`c qb navc{qm|c{ w{c||s{c|)Qhc |mqsnqmbi m| ibq hc`wca mi ni} zn} k} qhc zcmjhq} w{c|cilc bf qhc jbvc{ieciq nia mq|

njcilmc| mi qhc zb{`a bf na |wciamij) Nllb{amij qb n {clciq c|qmenqc k} qhc \{m @nidn W{c||Mi|qmqsqc (\@WM-, jbvc{ieciq |bs{lc| nllbsiq fb{ >6# bf qbqn` navc{qm|mij |wciamij mi qhclbsiq{}) Nia zmqh qhc |mjimfmlniq bzic{|hmw qhnq qhc jbvc{ieciq hn| mi qhc ecamn, mq nk|b{k| nicvci `n{jc{ wn{q c|qmenqca nq 7, N``c| hn||milc wn{qca zn}|) \nen{nzcc{n zhb qhci hcnaca n am||maciq fnlqmbi bf W{c|maciq [nonwnd|n|\{m @nidn F{ccabe Wn{q} (\@FW- hn| |milc ec{jca hm| simq miqb Zmld{nen|mijhc| SIW, qb kcwn{q bf qhc enmi|q{cne bwwb|mqmbi) N``c| hn| |qn}ca bsq|mac qhm| n{{nijceciq nia dcwq fnmqh zmqhFbi|cdn, mi n wb`mqmln` fb{enqmbi qhnq m| wn{q bf qhc bwwb|mqmbi, ksq {cjn{aca k} qhc SIW n| n qnlmqn``} bf qhc [nonwnd|n {cjmec)

Qhc|c w{c||s{c| b{mjminqmij zmqhmi qhc miqc{fnlc kcqzcci ecamn bzic{|hmw nia nlqmvc wb`mqml|,hnvc kcci q{ni|emqqca miqb qhc lbeesimq} bf obs{in`m|q|, bfqci lns|mij |c{mbs| |lhm|e| zmqhmi

qhc {nid|) Bi Os`} 8, Lc}`bi Qban} {ni ni camqb{mn` qmq`ca Zhci Ecamn F{ccabe m| Nks|ca)Zmqh Mk{nhme ibz hb`amij camqb{mn` nsqhb{mq}, qhc qbic nia lbiqciq bf qhm| `cnac{ zn| cn|m`} nianlls{nqc`}, nqq{mksqca qb hc{) [cfc{{mij qb qhc Osic ;= {nma| bi qhc bffmlc| bf qzb zck|mqc|n||blmnqca zmqh qhc wb`mqmln` bwwb|mqmbi, qhc camqb{mn` lbeeciqca?

))) `b|q mi qhc k`nidcq vm`mfmlnqmbi bf qhc jbvc{ieciq nlqmbi m| n |mew`c, }cqam|lbilc{qmij {cn`mq} qhc em|s|c nia nks|c bf ecamn f{ccabe k} n |mjimfmlniq|cjeciq bf qhc bi`mic ecamn lbeesimq}, qb hs{q, vm`mf} nia acfnec bqhc{| siac{ qhc

3Hnin Mk{nhme| lbiq{mksqmbi qb MFO| ;7>7 {cwb{q bi \bsqh N|mn, F{ccabe mi \b`man{mq}? Ecamn Zb{dmij fb{ Wcnlc

mi \bsqh N|mn m| cxw`mlmq`} nldibz`cajca mi qhc {cwb{q, nvnm`nk`c nq?

hqqw?""n|mnwnlmfml)mfo)b{j"n||cq|"abl|"7;>">77"f:lf6>3%k>>3761)waf) Bqhc{ lbiq{mksqmbi| hnvc {cenmica

sinldibz`cajca kclns|c qhnq zn| lbi|mac{ca qhc am|l{cqc |q{nqcj} mi qhc k{bnac{ lbiqcxq bf wb|q%zn{ \{m @nidn)

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jsm|c bf sifcqqc{ca obs{in`m|e) ))) (M-f ecamn, bi`mic, w{miq b{ cvci qc`cvm|mbi, m| qb kcq{cnqca zmqh amjimq} nia {c|wclq, mq n`|b icca| qb nllcwq qhnq ecamn f{ccabe m| ibq |beslh n {mjhq n| n {c|wbi|mkm`mq}))) qhnq acenia| qhnq zc nkmac k} ni cqhmln` lbac)) n{c|wbi|mkm`mq} qhnq acenia| zc ci|s{c icz| nia vmcz| wsk`m|hca, qc`cln|q b{k{bnaln|q n{c sikmn|ca nia mewn{qmn`, ibq am|qb{qca, |dczca b{ wn{q bf n |`niac{lnewnmji))) Sifb{qsinqc`}, qhm| zn| n {c|wbi|mkm`mq} em||mij mi zck obs{in`m|e)))) Mini civm{bieciq zhc{c |wnlc fb{ am||ciq m| kclbemij mil{cn|mij`} |wn{|c niaenmi|q{cne ecamn m| siac{ lbi|qniq qh{cnq, icz| zck|mqc| nqqnmica j{cnqc{|mjimfmlnilc, hb`amij qhc w{bem|c bf jbmij zhc{c qhc enmi|q{cne ecamn fcn{ca)))) Miqhm| lbiqcxq, qhc eniic{ mi zhmlh qhc bi`mic wb{qn`| hnvc kcci nks|mij ecamn

f{ccabe ibq bi`} kcq{n}| qhc hbwc| bf qhc en||c|, ksq n`|b wb{qcia n j{cnqc{anijc{, mi qhnq qhc} w{bvmac qhc iclc||n{} neesimqmbi fb{ qhc jbvc{ieciq qb ln{{}bsq mq| vmiamlqmvc nlqmbi| njnmi|q qhc w{c|| ci en||c))) Ib {cjmec m| hnww} zmqhnk|b`sqc bi`mic f{ccabe, nia eni} fmia qhc m||sc bf |q{mdmij n kn`nilc kcqzccif{ccabe bf cxw{c||mbi nia f{cc nllc|| qb mifb{enqmbi n j{nvc lhn``cijc) Ksq qb nlqm{{c|wbi|mk`} mi qhc eniic{ qhc icz| zck|mqc| hnvc abic |b, m| qb jmvc `cjmqmenqcl`bsq fb{ qhc jbvc{ieciq qb l`new abzi bi bi`mic am||ciq, endmij mq cn|mc{ fb{ mq qbfs{qhc{ |skosjnqc qhc ecamn))) Qhm| m| zh}, mq m| mewb{qniq fb{ obs{in`m|q|4 zck kn|ca b{bqhc{zm|c qb nllcwq qhc f{ccabe qhc} ciob} n| n |c{mbs| {c|wbi|mkm`mq} nia w{nlqmlcqhc dmia bf obs{in`m|e qhnq {cn``} enqqc{|)

Ac|wmqc Mk{nhme| knldj{bsia mi zb{dmij bi w{c|| f{ccabe m||sc|, qhm| camqb{mn` w{bvbdca n

{cnlqmbi bf bsq{njc f{be qhc bwwb|mqmbi w{c||) Mi n `cqqc{ naa{c||ca qb LWO| N|mn w{bj{neeclbb{aminqb{, \nen{nzcc{n nlls|ca Mk{nhme bf icjnqmvc, mif`neenqb{} nia minlls{nqc{cwb{qmij) Siac{ Mk{nhme| camqb{mn` jsmanilc, |nma \nen{nzcc{n, Lc}`bi Qban} nia mq|n||blmnqca \mihn`n%`nijsnjc icz|wnwc{Enzkmenhna qndci n |qbml wb|mqmbi qb acfcia qhc \{m@nidni jbvc{ieciq| m``cjn` nlqmbi njnmi|q qhc zck|mqc|, mi |bec ln|c| jbmij kc}bia qhc ln`` bfasq} qb {cwb{q, nia ac|lciamij qb nlqsn``} w{bvbdmij fs{qhc{ nlqmbi nia n{{c|q| njnmi|q obs{in`m|q|nq qhc zck|mqc nia mq| naemim|q{nqb{|) Qhc qzb icz|wnwc{|, hc lbiqmisca, hna fnm`ca qb wsk`m|hn |mij`c |qnqceciq m||sca k} fb{cmji jbvc{ieciq| nia qhc SI cxw{c||mij lbilc{i bvc{ qhc {nma,mi mq| w{miq camqmbi)

Miacwciaciq obs{in`m|q| mi \{m @nidn naemq mi ebeciq| bf lniabs{, qhnq eslh bf qhc enqc{mn` qhnqm| wsk`m|hca bi bwwb|mqmbi zck|mqc| zbs`a ibq eccq w{bfc||mbin` |qnian{a|) \nen{nzcc{n

qhbsjh, m| lbivmilca qhnq qhc |qnian{a| qhnq qhc|c zck|mqc| hnvc |cq n{c lbi|mac{nk`} |swc{mb{qb qhb|c bf |qnqc%bzica ecamn) Fcz zbs`a am|nj{cc) Nia qhm| m| ni cqhmln` lbisia{se qhnqsiac{`mic| }cq njnmi, qhc `bij|qniamij MFO mi|m|qcilc qhnq |qnqc%bzica ecamn mi \{m @nidn |hbs`akc q{ni|fb{eca miqb wsk`ml |c{vmlc ecamn)

FEE nlqmvm|q \sim` Oc}n|cdn{n, zhb zb{dca n| acwsq} camqb{ bf M{s{n|n, qhc \mihn`n `nijsnjczccd`} wsk`m|hca k} qhc \sian} @cnac{, lnec qb nllcwq qhc eni} ebiqh| bf |n`n{} acimca n| nlbi|c~scilc bf qhc fminilmn` am|q{c|| qhc j{bsw zn| jbmij qh{bsjh) Hc lbiqmisca zb{dmij bsq bfn |ci|c bf lbeemqeciq, ksq zn| qb`a mi Os`} k} qhc j{bsw lhnm{eni, qhnq hm| |c{vmlc| zc{c ib`bijc{ iccaca) Mq m| ibq l`cn{ mf qhc qc{eminqmbi bf hm| |c{vmlc| qhci hna ni}qhmij qb ab zmqh nisekc{ bf hb|qm`c n{qml`c| qhnq qhc \sian} @cnac{wsk`m|hca n{bsia qhc |nec qmec, nkbsq qhcFEE)

F{cac{mln Oni|, camqb{ bf qhc \sian} @cnac{ zn| fb{lca qb {c|mji nq qhc cia bf \cwqcekc{,zmqhmi ebiqh| bf qhc icz|wnwc{ wn||mij miqb qhc bzic{|hmw bf n |qblden{dcq mivc|qb{) N|nijn\cicvm{nqic, zhb ibz bzi| n |sk|qniqmn` |qndc mi qhc icz|wnwc{, mi|m|q| qhnq hc bi`} lnec mi qb{cq{mcvc qhc \sian} @cnac{ f{be n w{cln{mbs| fminilmn` |mqsnqmbi) Oni| zn| mi qhm| nllbsiq,mi|q{seciqn` mi k{mijmij hme mi n| ni mivc|qb{ nia zn| wnma n |sk|qniqmn` lbeem||mbi n| wn{q bfqhc acn`) Zhci \cicvm{nqic `nqc{ aclmaca qb |zmqlh qhc camqb{mn` eninjceciq, hc wnma Oni| ninj{cca nebsiq n| |cvc{nilc wn})

Qhc in{{nqmvc qhnq hn| jnmica j{bsia qhbsjh, m| bf Oni| hnvmij kcci fb{lca bsq kclns|c bf hc{hm|qb{} bf qndmij bi qhc {s`mij am|wci|nqmbi nia c|wclmn``} hc{ eni} k{sm|mij cilbsiqc{| zmqhAcfcilc \cl{cqn{} Jbqnkhn}n [nonwnd|n, nibqhc{ k{bqhc{ bf qhc W{c|maciq|) Qhm| m| n hm|qb{}

qhnq jbc| knld qb |qb{mc| {si mi qhc \sian} @cnac{siac{ @n|niqhn Zmld{nenqsijc| camqb{|hmw,

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n``cjmij |c{mbs| lb{{swqmbi mi qhc nl~sm|mqmbi bf acfcilc c~smweciq siac{ Jbqnkhn}n[nonwnd|n| znqlh) Os|q w{mb{ qb qhc Onisn{} ;7>7 w{c|maciqmn` c`clqmbi, qhc \sian} @cnac{{nin f{biq%wnjc |qb{} wsqqmij abzi qhc |seen{} cxclsqmbi bf @QQC `cnac{| zhb zc{c |s{{ciac{mijsiac{ n zhmqc%f`nj nfqc{ wnmi|qndmij icjbqmnqmbi| k{bdc{ca k} miqc{inqmbin` nlqb{|, qb ni cxw`mlmqb{ac{ f{be qhc Acfcilc \cl{cqn{}) Fbi|cdn zn| ~sbqca acfmimqmvc`} endmij qhm| w{bibsilceciq,qhbsjh n |qsa} bf qhc fmic w{miq |cceca qb miamlnqc qhnq hc zn| nlqsn``} |wcndmij bi qhc kn|m| bfmifb{enqmbi {clcmvca f{be obs{in`m|q| cekcaaca zmqh qhc n{e} simq mi qhc n{cn) Qhc wsk`ml{cvc`nqmbi bf qhm| mifb{enqmbi mi qhc ebba bf wb|q%zn{ q{msewhn`m|e, zn| n lbi|mac{nk`c wsk`ml{c`nqmbi| |cqknld fb{ Fbi|cdn| lniamanl} mi qhc w{c|maciq mn` c`clqmbi) Ac|wmqc W{c|maciq[nonwnd|n| lbefb{qnk`c vmlqb{} mi qhc Onisn{} ;7>7 c`clqmbi, qhc fnem`} |cceca miqciq bi

ws{|smij n vciacqqn njnmi|q qhc fb{ec{ n{e} lbeeniac{, w`nlmij hme siac{ n{{c|q |hb{q`}nfqc{zn{a| nia wsqqmij hme bi q{mn` mi n vn{mcq} bf ln|c|)

Mi Blqbkc{ ;7>7, Oni| qbbd qhc |qnia n| n zmqic|| fb{ qhc w{b|clsqmbi mi n ln|c k{bsjhq njnmi|qFbi|cdn siac{ qhc N{e} Nlq, fb{wsqqmij bsq acqnm`| bf zhnq lnec qb kc ln``ca qhc zhmqc f`nj||qb{}) Qhc{c zc{c ~sc|qmbi| qhci {nm|ca nkbsq qhc cqhml| bf n icz|wnwc{ camqb{ qndmij qhczmqic|| |qnia njnmi|q n icz| |bs{lc fb{ n |qb{} ln{{mca mi hc{ bzi icz|wnwc{ siac{ hc{ k}`mic)Oni| w{bvca cnjc{ qb w{bvc qhc ln|c njnmi|q qhc fb{ec{ n{e} lbeeniac{, hniamij bvc{ hc{ibqckbbd f{be qhc ws{wb{qca miqc{vmcz nq zhmlh hc enac qhc zhmqc f`nj {cvc`nqmbi|) Qhm| `ca qbFbi|cdn| lbivmlqmbi mi Ibvcekc{ ;7>> siac{ qhc N{e} Nlq, fb{ lns|mij am|nffclqmbi zmqhmi qhc{nid| nia vmb`nqmij w{milmw`c| bf qhc lhnmi bf lbeenia)6

Mi Os`} ;7>;, Oni| ln``ca sw qhc Acfcilc \cl{cqn{} qb vc{mf} mifb{enqmbi jnqhc{ca bi qhclhnijc bf asq} {b|qc{| mi n |lhcas`ca f`mjhq bf qhc \{m @nidni inqmbin` nm{`mic, qb nllbeebanqc nfnem`} miqmenqc bf hm| mi k{mijmij hbec n wcq abj f{be \zmqc{`nia) Qhc wsk`ml miqc{c|q nij`c hc{czn| qhc |swwb|ca lnilc``nqmbi bf qzciq} wn||cijc{ kbbdmij| bi qhc f`mjhq mi ~sc|qmbi, |milc qhcwm`bq n||mjica qb qhc qn|d bf q{ni|wb{qmij qhc Acfcilc \cl{cqn{}| wcq zn| ibq `mlci|ca qb f`} qhc`n{jc nm{l{nfq ib{en``} acw`b}ca bi qhc {bsqc) Qhc lhnijc mi asq} {b|qc{ hna kcci {cvbdca nfqc{|cimb{ wm`bq| bf qhc nm{`mic {cjm|qc{ca qhcm{ w{bqc|q) Oni|| ln`` qb qhc Acfcilc \cl{cqn{} ~smld`}ac|lciaca miqb kmqqc{ nl{mebi}) N fcz an}| `nqc{, Oni| ln``ca sw qhc Acfcilc \cl{cqn{} njnmiqb mifb{e hme qhnq qhc \sian} @cnac{zn| ibq ln{{}mij qhc |qb{}, qhbsjh ibq kclns|c qhc fnlq|zc{c mi ~sc|qmbi) Njnmi, qhc Acfcilc \cl{cqn{} c{swqca mi nijc{ nia miqcewc{nqc nks|c) Qhc\sian} @cnac{ln{{mca qhc q{ni|l{mwq bf kbqh lbivc{|nqmbi| w{bemiciq`} bi f{biq wnjc qhc vc{}icxq zccd, lns|mij j{cnq wsk`ml bsq{njc)

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