SpringBoard: Unit 2 Academic Vocabulary Cornell Way NotesEssential Question: How will these words help me understand how external factors affect one’s sense of identity, and how will these words help me with information and arguments?

Juxtaposition •The arrangement of normally unassociated

ideas, words, or phrases are placed next to one another, creating an effect of surprise and wit.

•Also a form of contrast which writers call attention to

•Examples: ▫He was slouched alertly. ▫“Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice

everywhere.” Martin Luther King

Cultural Conflict •A struggle that occurs when people with

different cultural expectations or attitudes interact.

•Examples▫Share examples from your essay with a

partner!

Persona•The voice assumed by a writer to express

ideas or beliefs that may not be his or her own.

•The author’s “second self.”•Like a mask that the author wears.

•Example: Persona Activity

•What did you learn about persona through this activity?

Synthesis Essay •The act of combining ideas from different

sources to create, express, or support a new idea.

Structure of an Argument•Argument- a form of writing that presents

a particular opinion or idea and supports it with evidence.

•Hook – an interesting quotation, anecdote, or example at the beginning of a piece of writing that grabs the readers’ attention.

•Claim-a position statement (or thesis) that states your belief and what you wish to argue.

Structure of an Argument continued…•Support- the reasoning behind your argument;

you provide evidence behind your claim. •Concession- occurs when you recognize the

arguments made by the other side. • Refutation- following the concession, the

refutation argues against the opposing viewpoint by proving that your side has more validity.

•Call to action- draws your argument to a close, restates your claim, and makes a final appeal to values.

Satire •A manner of writing that mixes critical

attitude with wit and humor in an effort to improve mankind and human institutions.

• Example:http://tinyurl.com/6guf9t3http://tinyurl.com/3shzycx

What things were funny or amusing? Explain.

Theatrical Elements •Elements employed by dramatists and

directors to tell a story on stage. •Includes:

▫Costumes: clothing worn by characters ▫Makeup: cosmetics used to amplify

characteristics ▫Props: objects to help set the scene

(realistic) ▫Set: place where it takes place▫Acting choices: gestures, movements,

staging, vocals, etc.

Allusion •A reference to a well-known person, event,

or place from history, music, art, or another literary work.

•Examples: ▫"I was not born in a manger. I was actually born

on Krypton and sent here by my father, Jor-el, to save the Planet Earth.” Sen. Barack Obama

▫The girl's love of sweets was her Achilles heel.

Irony• Verbal

▫Sarcasm-Opposite of what is said is meant. ▫You walk into a door. Your friend says good going.

• Situational▫When the opposite occurs of what you expect. ▫Fire truck on fire.

• Dramatic Irony ▫When the audience knows something that a

character does not know. ▫Romeo kills himself not knowing that Juliet is

alive.

Hyperbole•An extreme exaggeration.

•Examples:▫My dog is so ugly he only has cat friends. ▫My teacher is so old she taught cave men

how to start fires. ▫I think about you a million times a day! <3

<3 <3

Understatement • A figure of speech in which a writer or a speaker

deliberately makes a situation seem less important or serious than it is.

• Examples:▫“Last week I saw a woman flayed, and you will hardly

believe how much it altered her physical appearance.” – A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens

▫“It isn’t very serious. I have this tiny tumor in my brain.” – The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger

▫When the Detroit Tigers lost the game to the Texas Rangers, 15-5, the manager told the reporter, “It wasn’t our best effort.”

Summary & Reflection •Now, answer the essential question in two

sentences.•Then, summarize the main points into

three sentences.