Spread of Greek Spread of Greek CultureCulture

Coach ParrishCoach Parrish

OMSOMS

Chapter 7, Section 3Chapter 7, Section 3

BeginningsBeginnings

►Macedonia was an area that was just Macedonia was an area that was just North of Greece. The Greeks did not North of Greece. The Greeks did not consider the Macedonians to be Greek consider the Macedonians to be Greek even though they spoke the same even though they spoke the same language. They thought of them as language. They thought of them as barbariansbarbarians – wild, uncivilized people. – wild, uncivilized people.

Philip Comes to PowerPhilip Comes to Power

► Philip was a Macedonian but kept close ties Philip was a Macedonian but kept close ties with Greece because he studied there as a with Greece because he studied there as a child. He hired Aristotle, a Greek philosopher, child. He hired Aristotle, a Greek philosopher, to tutor Alexander.to tutor Alexander.

► Philip became king in 359 BC, and after Philip became king in 359 BC, and after uniting Macedonia, began conquering various uniting Macedonia, began conquering various Greek city-states. (He assumed it would be Greek city-states. (He assumed it would be easy because they were always fighting with easy because they were always fighting with each other.) each other.)

► In 338 BC, Athens and Thebes joined together In 338 BC, Athens and Thebes joined together to stop Philip. They failed, and Greece fell to stop Philip. They failed, and Greece fell under Philip’s rule.under Philip’s rule.

Aristotle tutors AlexanderAristotle tutors Alexander

Philip of MacedoniaPhilip of Macedonia

Alexander Builds an Empire: Alexander Builds an Empire: Death of a KingDeath of a King

►After he conquered Greece, Philip After he conquered Greece, Philip began planning his conquest of Persia. began planning his conquest of Persia. Before he could carry out his plan, Before he could carry out his plan, Philip was Philip was assassinatedassassinated – murdered for – murdered for political reason.political reason.

►Philip’s death led to Alexander Philip’s death led to Alexander becoming leader at the age of 20.becoming leader at the age of 20.

Alexander The GreatAlexander The Great

Alexander’s ConquestAlexander’s Conquest

►Although he was young, Alexander Although he was young, Alexander was a great soldier. One of his first was a great soldier. One of his first actions was to attack the Persian actions was to attack the Persian Empire.Empire.

► In 334 BC, Alexander won his first In 334 BC, Alexander won his first battle in Persia. Over the next 11 battle in Persia. Over the next 11 years, Alexander would conquer years, Alexander would conquer Persia, Egypt, and all the way to India Persia, Egypt, and all the way to India in the East. This caused people to in the East. This caused people to refer to him as refer to him as Alexander the GreatAlexander the Great..

Alexander’s Last BattleAlexander’s Last Battle

►Alexander drove his army to move Alexander drove his army to move lightning fast as they conquered land.lightning fast as they conquered land.

►After refusing to go any further east After refusing to go any further east because of exhaustion, Alexander and because of exhaustion, Alexander and his troops turned around. On the way his troops turned around. On the way back, Alexander caught a fever. In back, Alexander caught a fever. In 323 BC, he died after only 13 years as 323 BC, he died after only 13 years as king.king.

Alexander’s KingdomAlexander’s Kingdom

Greek Culture SpreadsGreek Culture Spreads

►Upon Alexander’s death (either Upon Alexander’s death (either poisoned or died of some disease), the poisoned or died of some disease), the empire declined. The empire was empire declined. The empire was divided into 3 kingdoms, each ruled by divided into 3 kingdoms, each ruled by a former commander in Alexander’s a former commander in Alexander’s army.army.

►For the next 300 years, the For the next 300 years, the descendants of the commanders descendants of the commanders fought over who would rule.fought over who would rule.

Greek Culture SpreadsGreek Culture Spreads

►As Alexander had done before them, As Alexander had done before them, his successors set up new cities his successors set up new cities throughout the kingdoms. As people throughout the kingdoms. As people moved to new areas, Greek culture moved to new areas, Greek culture was spread.was spread.

►HellenisticHellenistic – Greek history and culture – Greek history and culture after Alexander’s death.after Alexander’s death.

Hellenistic KingdomsHellenistic Kingdoms

►As Alexander conquered people, he As Alexander conquered people, he hoped that the people’s culture and hoped that the people’s culture and Greek culture would mix. This mixing Greek culture would mix. This mixing did not occur in the three Hellenistic did not occur in the three Hellenistic Kingdoms.Kingdoms.

►The kingdoms were dominated by The kingdoms were dominated by Greek language, the building of Greek language, the building of temples, agoras, and theaters for temples, agoras, and theaters for Greek tragedies.Greek tragedies.

Greek Culture in EgyptGreek Culture in Egypt

►The greatest of all Hellenistic cities The greatest of all Hellenistic cities was Alexandria in Egypt. Alexander was Alexandria in Egypt. Alexander founded the city in 332 BC. It became founded the city in 332 BC. It became the capital of Egypt. the capital of Egypt.

►Alexandria held the largest library in Alexandria held the largest library in the world at the time, with the world at the time, with approximately ½ million scrolls.approximately ½ million scrolls.

Library at AlexandriaLibrary at Alexandria

Math and ScienceMath and Science

►Mathematics and science also Mathematics and science also flourished in Alexandria. Around 300 flourished in Alexandria. Around 300 BC, a mathematician named Euclid, BC, a mathematician named Euclid, developed geometry. developed geometry.

►Archimedes was the greatest scientist Archimedes was the greatest scientist to study in Alexandria. He learned to study in Alexandria. He learned that by using levers and pulleys, heavy that by using levers and pulleys, heavy objects could be lifted.objects could be lifted.

ArchimedesArchimedes