SPOTTING & WASHING1. Identification of stains characteristics

and history2. Selection criteria of spotting chemicals3. Factors for spotting

Washing Machines Types: Automatic, Semi-automatic,

wringer style Programmed cycles: Eg. Perma-press

FIBER CYCLE TIME

WATER TEMP

AGITATION & SPIN SPEED

WOOL 1-3 MIN 110-120 DEG F

SLOW

COTTON & LINEN

10-12 MIN 120-140 DEG F

NORMAL

MANUFACTURED & DURA PRESS

5-7 MIN 110-120 DEG F

SLOW

LAUNDRY PROCEDURES Sorting Selecting washing time Water temperature Pre-treating spots & stains Selecting laundry products Pre- treatment for soil lines formed

around perma-press areas like oncollars, cuffs

STAIN REMOVAL Longer a stains stays on a garment ,

harder is it to remove the same. Composition of the stained fabric. Fabric Structure Testing of the fabric for its

compatibility with the stain remover Please look in to the hand out

provided to you that lists down a number of stains and the remedy for their removal

Drying Time and temperature settings Line drying or automatic dryer Heat sensitive fabrics, natural rubber

elastics….caution---Read Care label Durable press and synthetic fibre

fabrics to be removed immediately after completion of drying cycle---why?

PRESSING Checking temperature on an

inconspicuous part of the garment Steam press or slightly damp Dark colored fabrics of all fibres to be

pressed on the reverse side or over a press cloth to avoid shine

Pressing of wool fabrics Pressing of silk Pressing of textured fabrics What is a needle board used for pressing

Needle Board

A flat board consisting of a rigid top nap formed by short,

blunt wires imbedded upright in a base.

-To avoid crushing the pile or nap of the fabric which is

placed face down against the needle board during press-

ing or steaming.

-To prevent pile fabrics from matting and flattening.

-To prevent the impressions of a seam ridge from appearing on the

face or right side of pile fabrics when pressed.

-To press velvet, velveteen, corduroy, fleece, Ultrasuede,

fake fur, pile and napped fabrics

Commercial laundering Sorting as per color, fiber content,

degree of soil etc. Washing with detergents and added

alkali at 125 F to 165 F. Chlorine bleaching at 160F, 3-5 mins 3-4 rinses Acid sour and blueing Starch addition

Why acid sour?Neutralize, remove iron stains, destroy excess

bleach, kill bacteriaUse of acetic acid, Sodium bisulfite, Sodium

acid fluoride and oxalic acid Laundering of white goods vis a vis, light

colored vis s vis dark colored goods Commercial laundering of Wool and silk

garments-Neutral soaps and detergents used, no added alkali, gentle agitation, acid sour

Dry Cleaning Origin----1825 Agents: Benzene, per chloro ethylene Reusing solvents Checking for spots, stains Wet cleaning is treating fabrics with

small amounts of water to remove soil

Storage of Textile products Longer wear may be effected if given

a chance to “rest” between uses Folding items at different place and

not at the same crease line Clean before storage Attack of moth or fungi easier on

soiled fabrics, darkening of spots/stains

Never to store with pins left in garments

Moth repellents for wool

Storing historic costumes & textiles

Made of natural fibres Should be stored away from light and in

acid-free conditions Avoid use of plastic bags to avoid off-

gassing Ideal: 70 deg F, 60% RH Wool and silk garment not to be

laundered except by an expert historian Loose dust removed by vacuum keeping

synthethic netting in between

Care Labeling Labeling requirements The dress that can’t be cared for Refer:

Federal Trade Commission Article-Self Study

Scouring machines for woollen fabrics may be used as washing machines

The DOLLY- a rope washing machine

Continuous Rope Washing

Open width Washing machine Beneks

Continuous Washing Range-Beneks

Slack rope or tight rope washing Open width washing machines----a

series of compartments fitted with a squeezing device and a series of guide rolls

Laboratory washing Machine

Rope Opening Machine

Refer: J T Marsh, Tortora & Collier, FTC link given in this ppt.

Chemicals used in souring

Acetic Acid Sodium bisulfite

Sodium Acid

FluorideOxalic Acid

Dry Cleaning