SPORT PILOT FLIGHT INSTRUCTION

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Federal AviationAdministration

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SPORT PILOT FLIGHT INSTRUCTION

SPORT PILOT

Flight Instructors

The FAA Safety Team

FY 2012

2Federal AviationAdministration

Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety TeamFY 2012


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OBJECTIVE

This presentation will familiarize Flight Instructors with Light Sport Aircraft and Light Sport Pilots.

Upon completion, participants will have knowledge of this subject and directions to rules and other sources of important information. Light Sport Aviation is growing and it is essential that the nation’s certified flight instructors and other aviation professionals become involved.




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SPORT PILOT OVERVIEW

In September 2004, the FAA enacted the final rule establishing the Light Sport Category of aircraft and the Sport Pilot Certificate.

This rule inaugurated a new realm of aviation to bring flying to a wider group of participants and establish safety standards at an acceptable level.




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AIRCRAFTL I G H T S P O R T




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AIRCRAFT CATEGORY AND CLASS OF LSA

AIRPLANE LAND+SEA

WEIGHT-SHIFT CONTROL LAND+SEA (“TRIKES”)

GYROPLANE POWERED PARACHUTE

GLIDERBALLOON + AIRSHIP




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Image from: “A CFI’s Guide To Sport Pilot and Light Sport Aircraft.” – Produced for NAFI by Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc (ASA), 2010.




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LIGHT SPORT AIRCRAFT (LSA) CERTIFICATION

• Factory built and “Ready To Fly”.

• Manufactured to consensus standards.

• See 14 CFR 91.327 for Operating Limitations and Maintenance Requirements.

SPECIAL LIGHT SPORT (S-LSA) AIRWORTHINESS CERTIFICATES (14 CFR 21.190)




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• Built from qualified E-LSA Kit.

• Built in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.


EXPERIMENTAL LIGHT SPORT E-LSA (14 CFR 21.191i)




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• Type certificated aircraft that meet the definition of Light Sport (14 CFR 1).

• Examples include Piper J-3, Ercoupe 415-C, Aeronca 7-AC.

• EAA website link for complete listing: www.sportpilot.org/learn/aircraft.html

STANDARD CATEGORY AIRCRAFT





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• Built by a person for education or recreation.

• At least 51% of assembly / construction by the private builder.

• May be eligible for LSA operation if: (meets definition Light Sport 14 CFR 1).


EXPERIMENTAL AMATEUR BUILT (14 CFR 21.191g)




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TRUE OR FALSE DISCUSSION: IS THIS A LSA?

ERCOUPE 415-C

STANDARD DATA: Seats 2.

Gross wt. 1,260. Empty wt. 749. Fuel capacity 14.

Engine 75 HP flat-4.

PERFORMANCE: Top speed 96 kts. Cruise 83 kts.

Stall 42 kts. Initial climb rate 550.

Ceiling 13,000. Range 261 nm.

ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION: What is VH in this aircraft?

What endorsement is required?OK to fly all other LSA aircraft?

§ Part 1.1§ 61.321§ 61.303




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CESSNA 150



Engine 100 HP Continental.




§ Part 1.1§ 61.321




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PIPER J-3 ON FLOATS



Engine 65 HP Continental.




§ Part 1.1§ 61.321




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INSTRUCTIONS P O R T P I L O T




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WHO CAN FLY UNDER THE SPORT PILOT RULE?

Pilots holding Sport Pilot Certificates.

Pilots with Recreation or higher level privileges.

Requirements are found in 14 CFR 61 Subpart J.




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MEDICAL REQUIREMENTS UNDER SPORT PILOT RULE

See 14 CFR 61.303 for specific requirements.

No medical certification requirements for gliders or balloons.

For other aircraft, a valid US Drivers License.

Not know or have reason to know of a medical condition that would make the pilot unable to operate the LSA in a safe manner.




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CONDITIONS RELATED TO PREVIOUS FAA MEDICAL CERTIFICATION

If the pilot previously applied for an FAA Medical, he / she must have been eligible for issuance on their most recent application.

Must not have had their most recent FAA medical denied, suspended or revoked.

Must not have had their most recent Special Issuance/Medical Certificate withdrawn.




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MEDICAL REQUIREMENTS UNDER SPORT PILOT RULE

Eligibility, Knowledge, and Flight Proficiency.

Aeronautical Experience.

Endorsements.

Privileges and Limits.




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Total Flight Time

Dual Dual Cross Country

Solo Solo Cross Country

Night Flight Instrument Training

Flight Test Prep

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

20

15

25

1 0 03

40

20

3

10

53 3 3

SPORT PILOT vs PRIVATE PILOT - INITIAL HOURS REQUIRED

Ho

urs

HOURS FOR INITIAL CERTIFICATIONSPORT PILOT vs PRIVATE PILOT:




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DAY NIGHT IFR (Instrument Rated)

PRIVATE vs SPORT PILOT LIMITATIONS: WEATHER

VFR(less than 3mi vis)

VFR (above clouds)

VFR(greater than 3mi vis)




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PRIVATE vs SPORT PILOT LIMITATIONS: AIRSPACE

CLASS A(Instrument Rated)

CLASS B, C, D(Sport needs endorsement)

ABOVE 10,000 MSL(Sport ok if 2,000’ AGL or

less)

CLASS E, G




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SPORT PILOT LIMITATIONS: TYPE OF FLIGHTS

CHARITABLE

SALES DEMOS

Watch This!

CROSS COUNTRY

PASSENGERS(Sport: only ONE)

BUSINESS

TOWING(UL or LSA glider)




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INSTRUCTORS P O R T P I L O T




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WHO MAY INSTRUCT SPORT PILOTS?

Flight Instructors holding certificates issued under 14 CFR Subpart H.

Sport Pilot Instructors holding certificates issued under 14 CFR Subpart K.




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Must refer to 14 CFR 61.429 for guidance.

Must have appropriate category and class ratings – or equivalent light sport privileges.

Must be acting as a light sport instructor while exercising these privileges.

SUBPART H FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS EXERCISING SPORT PILOT INSTRUCTOR PRIVILEGES




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CAN A LIGHT SPORT INSTRUCTOR CONDUCT A PROFICIENCY CHECK?

YES! A Light Sport Instructor can conduct a proficiency check for additional category or class privilege at the Light Sport level (see 14 CFR 61.321).

The instruction and check flight must be performed by separate instructors.

The instructor who conducts the check must submit documentation to the FAA.




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WHAT FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS SHOULD KNOW

• VH = Maximum speed in level flight at maximum continuous power.

• This V speed is important for Sport Pilot endorsement §61.327:• Aircraft VH less than 87kts CAS• Aircraft VH greater than 87kts CAS

• Remember: initial sport pilot certificate requires fewer hours! When a sport pilot requests more privileges or flying other LSA makes/models, more training & individual endorsements are required

• A CFI may not conduct instruction in an experimental aircraft that he or she provides unless a letter of deviation authorization (LODA) is received from a FSDO.

V H A N D S P O R T P I L O T E N D O R S E M E N T S




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14 CFR Part 91.319 states that:

“(a) No person may operate an aircraft that has an experimental certificate-

(1) For other than the purpose for which the certificate was issued; or

(2) Carrying persons or property for compensation or hire."

The FAA recognizes the value of specialized flight training that may only be available in aircraft holding experimental certificates.

The FAA may issue a LODA to permit the conduct of training that can only be accomplished in aircraft with experimental certificates. 14 CFR Part 91.319(h) allows

A CFI may not conduct instruction in an experimental aircraft that he or she provides unless a letter of deviation authorization (LODA) is received from a FSDO.

Letter of Deviation Authorization




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The FAA may issue a LODA to permit the conduct of training that can only be accomplished in aircraft with experimental certificates.

The FAA may issue training deviations to permit the conduct of training that can only be accomplished in aircraft with experimental certificates. Flight training considered acceptable for the issuance of a LODA consists of:

• Flight training for the operation of a specific make and model of experimental aircraft.

• Training for the operation of ultralight vehicles only when conducted in low-mass, high-drag aircraft with an empty weight less than 500 pounds and a max speed in level flight with max continuous power (VH) less than 87 knots.

• Jet unusual attitude and upset training.

• Instrument competency training for specific make and model of experimental aircraft.

• Training for a flight review in a specific make and model of aircraft.

• Training for a rotorcraft gyroplane rating or certificate.





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Additional training allowed:

• Formation training for a specific make and model of experimental aircraft.

• Flight training leading toward the issuance of a Sport Pilot Certificate or LSA operating privilege is to be conducted in an aircraft issued an experimental certificate under 21.191(i)(1).

NOTE: A LODA should only be issued if an aircraft with other than an experimental certificate under 21.191(i)(1) is not available for the conduct of this training in the Flight Standard District Office’s (FSDO) geographic area. The aircraft to be used to provide Sport Pilot training must have been owned by the person providing the training prior to January 31, 2010 and that person must have been appropriately certificated or otherwise authorized to provide that training prior to January 31, 2010. LODAs for persons conducting this training will have a maximum duration of 24 months and will be limited to the geographic area of the FSDO’s responsibility. FSDOs may terminate a LODA for sport pilot training at its discretion.





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Training NOT authorized:

• Tailwheel airplane endorsements

• Complex Airplane endorsements

• High-performance endorsements

• Operating Pressurized aircraft at high altitudes.





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Requirements to obtain a LODA in order to conduct flight training in an experimental aircraft that person provides for compensation or hire must:

• Submit an application package to the FSDO in the district in which training will take place which must include:

• Letter identifying the name and address of the applicant

• Name and contact information of the person responsible for the operation

• Details of the type of training

• Specific aircraft make(s) and model(s) to be used

• Copies of each aircraft’s airworthiness certificate and FAA-issued operating limitations

• A training program with enough detail to determine that the proposed training will meet the intended objectives.





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• Meet minimum eligibility requirements (61.305)

• Receive appropriate training for ground and flight (61.309, 61.311)

• Take the knowledge test (61.307)

• Complete the required hours for flight and instruction (61.313)

• Have proper endorsements and submit application

• Take the practical test based upon the Sport Pilot PTS (FAA-s-8081-29)

S P O R T P I L O T T R A I N I N G S I M I L A R T O P R I V A T E




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• AC 61-98 / 61.56 still apply• Stick and rudder skills or tailwheel endorsement• Crosswind practice and steeper approach profiles• Stall characteristics and aerodynamics• Use the flight review to assist in adding a new privilege

• The ASF-610 website offers guidance for proficiency checks:http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/avs/offices/afs/afs600/afs610/

A F L I G H T R E V I E W I S S T I L L A F L I G H T R E V I E W




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Transition Training for Pilots…

“At our airport 100% of all the general aviation-trained pilots who have attempted to fly light sport aircraft without transitional training have damaged their aircraft. “ -Carol and Brian Carpenter

…is Very Important

152 “Heavy”




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Transition Training for Pilots

http://uhlenberg.mcs-rbg.de/index9.htm




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These aircraft may require a significant amount of hours retraining, especially if a pilot hasn’t flown in many years or is unfamiliar with aircraft characteristics.

Descent profiles, stall and spin awareness & recovery, crosswind landings, slower speeds (VH), and weight / balance should be familiar to the instructor before launching out with a student.

LSA FLIGHT CHARACTERISTICS MAY DIFFER




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• NTSB provides statistics for Amateur Built but not Light Sport

• It is probable that some Light Sport accidents are included in this data

• 2010 US General Aviation accidents: 1093 total 193 fatal (17%)

• 2010 US Amateur Built accidents: 208 total 55 fatal (26%)

ACCIDENT DATA FOR LIGHT SPORT




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FAR PART 61Sport Pilot Certificate – Part 61 Subpart JSport Pilot Flight Instructor Certificate – Part 61 Subpart K

FAA WEBSITES (FAA.GOV, ASF-610, and FAA Safety.GOV)http://www.faa.gov/aircraft/gen_av/light_sport/http://www.faa.gov/licenses_certificates/airmen_certification/sport_pilot/http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/avs/offices/afs/afs600/afs610/http://www.faa.gov/aircraft/gen_av/light_sport/media/ExistingModels.pdfhttp://faasafety.gov/gslac/onlineresources.aspx?masterId=3

FAA Safety.gov/Resources/Online Resources/Type of Operations…162 links to Sport Pilot!

AOPAhttp://www.aopa.org/sportpilot/http://www.aopa.org/asf/publications/sport_pilot_check.html

NAFI and EAAhttp://faaflighttest.us/cfisportguide.pdfhttp://www.nafinet.org/news.aspx?id=7

EAAhttp://www.sportpilot.org/

Many other great resources exist, but the LSA and Sport Pilot community needs more CFI’s and DPE’s to support the growing industry…get involved and instruct in Sport!




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QUIZ




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1. What are the medical requirements for a person exercising Sport Pilot privileges?

a) Must hold a medical certificate issued under 14 CFR Part 67 or a valid U.S. driver’s license.

b) A person flying a balloon or a glider does not need a medical certificate or a driver’s license.

c) A person exercising Sport Pilot privileges must not know or have reason to know of a medical condition that would make that person unable to operate a Light Sport Aircraft in a safe manner.

d) All of the above.




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1. What are the medical requirements for a person exercising Sport Pilot privileges?

a) Must hold a medical certificate issued under 14 CFR Part 67 or a valid U.S. driver’s license.

b) A person flying a balloon or a glider does not need a medical certificate or a driver’s license.

c) A person exercising Sport Pilot privileges must not know or have reason to know of a medical condition that would make that person unable to operate a Light Sport Aircraft in a safe manner.

d) All of the above. 14 CFR 61.23




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2. True or False:

A light Sport Aircraft can have a maximum takeoff weight of 1480 lbs?




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2. True or False:

A light Sport Aircraft can have a maximum takeoff weight of 1480 lbs?

FALSE

14 CFR Part 1: 1320 lbs land use;1430 lbs water use




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3. A pilot holding a recreational pilot certificate or above may exercise light sport privileges…

a) In any 2 place aircraft of the same category and class on his/her pilot certificate.

b) Only in a light sport aircraft or certificated aircraft that meets the light sport aircraft rule.

c) Only with a CFI endorsement.

d) In a light sport aircraft under day or night because the higher level of pilot certification allowed those privileges.




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3. A pilot holding a recreational pilot certificate or above may exercise light sport privileges…

a)In any 2 place aircraft of the same category and class on his/her pilot certificate.

b)Only in a light sport aircraft or certificated aircraft that meets the light sport aircraft rule. 14 CFR 61.303(a)

c)Only with a CFI endorsement.

d)In a light sport aircraft under day or night because the higher level of pilot certification allowed those privileges.




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4. True or False:

A CFI may conduct a test for issuance of an additional category and class endorsement for a sport pilot?




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4. True or False:

A CFI may conduct a test for issuance of an additional category and class endorsement for a sport pilot?

TRUE14 CFR 61.321 … A CFI may conduct a proficiency check and issue an endorsement for those privileges




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5. A 14 CFR 61 Subpart H CFI instructing in a light sport aircraft…

a) Must have an endorsement in a light sport aircraft.

b) Must have 5 hours of experience in a make and model light sport aircraft within the same set of aircraft being used.

c) Does not have any limitations different from other aircraft.

d) Must use an aircraft that has at least 2 pilot stations.




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5. A 14 CFR 61 Subpart H CFI instructing in a light sport aircraft…

a)Must have an endorsement in a light sport aircraft.

b)Must have 5 hours of experience in a make and model light sport aircraft within the same set of aircraft being used.

c)Does not have any limitations different from other aircraft.

d)Must use an aircraft that has at least 2 pilot stations.

14 CFR 61.415 (i) (1)

Documents

SPORT PILOT FLIGHT INSTRUCTION