Speaking To Persuade&

Appendix B – Sample Speech

HCOM 100

Instructor Name

PREVIEWSpeaking to Persuade

Persuasion Defined Motivating Your Audience Selecting and Narrowing Your

Persuasive Presentation Topic Organizing Your Persuasive Messages Strategies for Persuading Your Audience How to Adjust Ideas to People and

People to Ideas

Persuasion Defined Persuasion is the process of attempting to

change or reinforce attitudes, beliefs, values, or behavior.

The persuasive speaker invites listener to make a choice, rather than just offering information about the options.

The persuasive speaker asks the audience to respond thoughtfully to the information presented.

The persuasive speaker intentionally tries to change or reinforce the listeners’ feelings, ideas, or behavior.

Motivating Your Audience

Motivating with dissonance• Cognitive dissonance occurs when you are presented

with information that is inconsistent with your current thinking or feelings.

Motivating with needs• Maslow’s Hierarchy

• Physiological

• Safety

• Social

• Self esteem

• Self-actualization

Motivating Your Audience

Motivating with Fear Appeals• Threat to family members

• Credibility of speaker

• Perceived “realness” of the threat

Motivating with Positive Appeals• Promising that good things will happen

if the speaker’s advice is followed.

Selecting and Narrowing Your Persuasive Topic

Who is the Audience? What is the Occasion? What are my interests and experiences? Brainstorming Scanning Web Directories and Web

Pages Listening and Reading for Topic Ideas

Identifying YourPersuasive Purpose

General Purpose• Persuade

Specific Purpose• Attitude (learned

predisposition to respond favorably or unfavorably)

• Belief (sense of what is true or false)

• Values (enduring conception of right and wrong)

Developing Your Central Idea as a Persuasive Proposition

A proposition is a statement with which the speaker wants their audience to agree.

Proposition of Fact• True/False

Proposition of Value• Judge worth or importance of something

Proposition of Policy• Advocates specific action, includes “should”

Strategies forPersuading Your Audience

Ethos: Establishing Your Credibility• An audience’s

perception of the speaker’s competence, trustworthiness, dynamism

• Charisma

• Initial, derived, terminalPronounced: (Zer Vesel)

Strategies forPersuading Your Audience

Logos: Using Evidence and Reasoning• Proof consists of both evidence and the conclusions

you draw (reasoning)• Inductive reasoning

• Arrives at a general conclusion from specific instances• Reasoning by analogy

• Deductive reasoning• Reasoning from a general statement to reach a specific

conclusion

• Causal reasoning• Relate two or more events in such a way as to conclude

that one or more of the events caused the others

Logical Fallacies

Causal Fallacy Bandwagon Fallacy Either-Or Fallacy Hasty Generalization Personal Attack Red Herring Appeal to Misplaced Authority Non Sequitur

Strategies forPersuading Your Audience

Pathos: Using Emotion• Emotion-arousing verbal messages

• Concrete illustrations and descriptions

• Nonverbal messages

Organizing YourPersuasive Messages

Problem and Solution Cause and Effect Refutation

• An organizational strategy by which you identify objections to your proposition and refute them with arguments and evidence

Organizing YourPersuasive Messages

Monroe’s Motivated Sequence• Attention

• Need

• Satisfaction

• Visualization (positive and negative)

• action

How to Adapt Ideas to Peopleand People to Ideas

The Receptive Audience• Identify with your audience

• Be overt in stating your speaking objective

• Use emotional appeal The Neutral Audience

• “hook” them with introduction

• Refer to universal beliefs and concerns

• Show how the topic affects them

• Be realistic

How to Adjust Ideas to Peopleand People to Ideas

The Unreceptive Audience• Don’t immediately announce your persuasive

purpose

• Advance your strongest arguments first

• Acknowledge opposing points of view

• Be realistic

Appendix B – Sample Speech

Persuasive Example:

•Prosecutorial Abuse

Prosecutorial AbuseExample Persuasive Speech

Intro• Attention Getter• Propositional Statement• Preview of all main

points• Transition

Body• Need/Problem

• Point One• Evidence

• Transition

• Point Two• Evidence

• Transition• Point Three

• Evidence

• Transition

Conclusion• Restate Proposition• Call to action• Review of main points• Restate Attention-getter

What questions do you have?

Homework:1.) Reading?

2.) Turn in assignments?