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Spatial Data Infrastructures in Switzerland : State of play 2007 Country report on SDI elaborated in the context of a study commissioned by the EC (EUROSTAT) in the framework of the INSPIRE initiative (Under Framework Contract REGIO/G4-2002-02-Lot 2) January 2008 SPATIAL APPLICATIONS DIVISION K.U.LEUVEN RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT Celestijnenlaan 200 E, BE-3001 LEUVEN TEL.: 32 16 32 97 32 FAX: 32 16 32 97 24 URL: http://www.sadl.kuleuven.be

Spatial Data Infrastructures in Switzerland State of play 2007inspire.ec.europa.eu/reports/stateofplay2007/rcr07CHv101.pdf · ICS INTERLIS Conversion System INSPIRE INfrastructure

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Page 1: Spatial Data Infrastructures in Switzerland State of play 2007inspire.ec.europa.eu/reports/stateofplay2007/rcr07CHv101.pdf · ICS INTERLIS Conversion System INSPIRE INfrastructure

Spatial Data Infrastructures in Switzerland: State of play 2007

Country repor t on SDI e laborated in the context of a s tudy commiss ioned by the EC (EUROSTAT) in the f ramework of the INSPIRE in i t ia t ive

(Under Framework Contract REGIO/G4-2002-02-Lot 2) January 2008

SPATIAL APPLICATIONS DIVISION K.U.LEUVEN RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT

Celestijnenlaan 200 E, BE-3001 LEUVEN TEL.: 32 16 32 97 32 FAX: 32 16 32 97 24 URL: http://www.sadl.kuleuven.be

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Report meta-information

Title Spatial Data Infrastructures in Switzerland: State of Play 2007

Creator Margaret Hall & Peter Beusen (ICRI)

Date Issued 2002-10-31

Subject INSPIRE State of Play

Publisher K.U.Leuven (SADL + ICRI) + Margaret Hall consultant (HALL)

Description This report is summarizing the review of SDI in Switzerland

Contributor Margaret Hall (independant consultant); Jos Van Orshoven, Danny Vandenbroucke (SADL); Peter Beusen, Katleen Janssen (ICRI)

Format MS Word 97/2000

Audience INSPIRE stakeholders

Identifier rcr07CHv101

Language EN

Coverage Snapshot at 2006-12-31

Version number Date Modified by Comments 1.0 2002-10-31 Margaret Hall & Peter

Beusen (ICRI) First version including the state of play of SDI in Liechtenstein

2.0 2002-11-20 Margaret Hall Second based on new template 3.0 2002-12-20 Jos Van Orshoven

(SADL) Completion & harmonization with 31 other country reports

4.0 2003-07-25 Margaret Hall Separation of the CH & LI reports. Use of improved outline. Integration of completing and correcting remarksfrom Rolf Buser (COGIS), Siegfried Heggli (SOGI) and Christine Giger and Hans-Rudolf Gnägi (ETH Zürich).

5.0 2003-08-14 Jos Van Orshoven (SADL)

Harmonisation with 31 other reports

6.0 2004-06-17 Katleen Janssen (ICRI) General review, corrections and update of the legal framework

7.0 2004-07-12 Jos Van Orshoven (SADL)

Integration of information resulting from limited review of web sites. General review, correction and update

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Addition of table pointing to changes with regard to Version 5

8.0 2005-07-29 Katleen Janssen (ICRI) General review, corrections and update of the legal framework

8.1 2005-08-07 Danny Vandenbroucke Consolidation update 2005 9.0 2006-12-22 Katleen Janssen (ICRI) General review, corrections and

update of the legal framework 9.1 2006-12-28 Danny Vandenbroucke Consolidation update 2006 10.0 2008-03-27 Katleen Janssen (ICRI) Correction and update legal and

organizational framework

10.1 2008-07-23 Danny Vandenbroucke (SADL)

Metadata and final changes

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Change matrix 2007 versus 2006 Paragraphs in which information is reported which deviates in a significant way from what was reported in the Autumn 2006 version of this country report are listed in the below table. They are indicated in red.

Paragraph Type of change 1.1 Update section on methodology 2.1 Add information on e-geo and NCP INSPIRE 2.3.3 Add information on new law on GI

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Executive summary In 2000 an interdepartmental coordination group set about to provide recommendations for strategies concerning GIS, based on users’ needs. The recommendations that were delivered in mid-2001 formed the basis for an NSDI that joins the federal administrations together with the collaboration and coordination of the cantons.

Today the Co-ordination Office for Geographical Information and Geographical Information Systems (COGIS) manages and steers the NSDI and is providing the organizational structure for it. COGIS, as a centre of competence, is the executive body of the inter-departmental GIS Coordination Group (GCG) of the Swiss Federal Administration which ensuresr control and supervision of COGIS. The GCG (also known as SIK-GIS) is the decision-making body for all questions relating to GI and GIS at the federal level.

The drivers behind the development of the NSDI are various and include political issues, such as sustainable development, responding to the needs of users needing better efficiency in the institutions, and reducing costs. The lack of efficiency in the institutions is evident in that although GIS is commonly used across all levels of government - federal, cantonal and municipal – they have tended to operate independently and with very limited coordination.

The law on geographic information, which is in 2005 in consultation phase, will provide a uniform legal basis for national and cadastral surveying and for all the other territorial information gathered as required by various national legislative texts, and this for all administrative levels.

On the technical side, a key component in the evolution of the Swiss NSDI was the creation of the INTERLIS data description language which is implemented throughout Switzerland. The evolution in the Swiss Federal Administration towards an NSDI has also included important reforms in the Cadastre and its related federal law.

A clear link is being formed between the Swiss NSDI initiative and the e-Government program. The aim is to promote the idea of a SDI to a wider public and to gain a sufficient political support.

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Table of Contents CHANGE MATRIX 2007 VERSUS 2006 .................................................................................................. 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................... 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................................................. 3 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS..................................................................................................... 4 1 GENERAL INFORMATION ................................................................................................ 5

1.1 METHOD ...................................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 BACKGROUND.............................................................................................................................. 5 1.3 OVERVIEW OF SDI-INITIATIVES IN SWITZERLAND ....................................................................... 7

2 DETAILS OF THE SWISS NSDI ....................................................................................... 10 2.1 GENERAL INFORMATION ............................................................................................................ 10 2.2 COMPONENT 1: COORDINATION AND ORGANIZATIONAL ISSUES................................................. 11 2.3 COMPONENT 2: LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND FUNDING................................................................... 12 2.4 COMPONENT 3: DATA FOR THEMES OF THE INSPIRE ANNEXES................................................. 15 2.5 COMPONENT 4: METADATA ....................................................................................................... 24 2.6 COMPONENT 5: NETWORK SERVICES ......................................................................................... 26 2.7 STANDARDS ............................................................................................................................... 27 2.8 COMPONENT 6: THEMATIC ENVIRONMENTAL DATA ................................................................... 29 2.9 USE AND EFFICIENCY OF SDI ..................................................................................................... 36

3 ANNEXES ............................................................................................................................. 37 3.1 LIST OF SDI ADDRESSES / CONTACTS FOR SWITZERLAND .......................................................... 37 3.2 LIST OF REFERENCES FOR SWITZERLAND ................................................................................... 37

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Abbreviations and acronyms CDS Catalogue of Data Sources CH-CDS Swiss Catalogue of Environmental Data Sources COGIS Co-ordination Office for Geographical Information and Geographical

Information Systems in the Federal Government, also known as KOGIS CSL Conceptual Schema Language DDPS EBD Entity Block Diagram EEA European Environment Agency ETC/CDS Topic Centre for Catalogue of Data Sources FIR Further Investigatiation Required FOI Freedom of Information FOS Federal Office of Statistics (GEOSTAT) GCG interdepartmental coordination group GEOSTAT GIS Support Service in the Federal Statistics Office GI Geographical Information GIS Geographical Information System GSDI Global Spatial Data Infrastructure GTDB Geotopographical database ICS INTERLIS Conversion System INSPIRE INfrastructure for SPatial InfoRmation in Europe INTERLIS Swiss standard for a descriptive language for data (conceptual schema

language) and a mechanism of exchange for GI, SN612030, and soon to follow is SN612031 (INTERLIS2)

LIS Land Information System MGE GIS software product NGN National Platform of Geo-standards NSDI National Spatial Data Infrastructures PPP Public-private partnerships RDBMS Relational database management system SAEFL Swiss Agency for the Environment, Forests and Landscapes SDI Spatial Data Infrastructures SFSO Swiss Federal Statistical Office SIK-GIS Swiss Informatics Council Working Group for GIS SOGI Swiss Organisation for Geo-Information UML Unified Modeling Language URL Universal Resource Locator

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1 GENERAL INFORMATION

1.1 Method This report is summarizing the review of SDI in Switzerland, and reflects the degree to which the SDI situation is similar to the ideas set out in the INSPIRE position papers1 and in the more recent INSPIRE scoping documents.

The report is based mainly on the analysis of web sites and other documents readily accessible2:

http://www.cosig.ch http://www.sogi.ch/ http://www.e-geo.ch/kontakt_f.htm http://www.swisstopo.ch http://www.sik-gis.ch http://www.bfs.admin.ch/dienstle/elektron/fgeostat.htm http://www.INTERLIS.ch

The 2003 version has been completed by integration and consolidation of comments received from representatives of the NSDI initiatives. Those comments were provided either in written form or through interviews organized in the framework of the Activity 2 of the State-of-Play project. For the 2004 version, the main web sites were revisited. No further comments were received. For the update of 2005 no input has been received from the Swiss Authorities. Some changes at the legal level were detected and incorporated.

The 2006 update is based on information related to legal issues obtained through various sources and on the information obtained during the EC GI&GIS workshop in Innsbruck (June 2006). For 2007, no information was received from Switzerland due to technical/organizational problems. Some information was integrated from other on-line sources.

1.2 Background The responsibilities for geoinformation are handled in a decentralized way in Switzerland. Therefore, it is important to understand the political structure. Also the four national Swiss languages (64% German, 20% French, 8% Italian, 1% Roman) have to be considered.

Switzerland is divided into 26 cantons and over 2.900 municipalities. The national mapping agency Swisstopo is responsible for small scale mapping down to the scale of

1 INSPIRE position papers, final versions: RDM, ETC, DPLI, ASF, IST, IAS (latest version). 2 Including the analysis of various documents, project references and web sites readily accessible. Most resources were gathered from the Internet. Liechtenstein was originally treated within the same report as Switzerland because in many areas, such as database creation, land cover, geology, etc. Switzerland extends its coverage to Liechtenstein. With this report Liechtenstein is no longer included. Throughout the report a distinction is made between actual SDI initiatives and GI and GIS based projects. Key elements that should be in place for an SDI to exist are: Status - strategy (or mandate) for SDI to be developed and not a one-off effort; Co-ordination - who will administer and organise the SDI; Scope - broad based interest and stakeholder involvement; Promoting - awareness, documentation, access; Funding - dedicated resources, a clear plan to pay for it; Partnerships - getting players on-board.

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1:25.000. It produces raster- and vector-products 3 for the whole country. The mapping of the scale 1:2.000 to 1:10.000 is in the hands of the cantons, and the municipalities are responsible for the cadastral mapping at scales 1:100 to 1:2.000.

[Giger,et al] Swiss Civil Law regulates the cadastral surveying since 1912. The Swiss Confederation takes over the main part of the costs. The cadastral surveying is carried out by private land surveying offices (270 offices with 2800 employees) or city surveying offices based on contracts with the municipalities. These are also bound to the cantons and the cantons to the confederation based on contracts. Since every municipality takes the decision about the investment, there is a puzzle of different technical levels of cadastral surveying over the whole country, even having the same legal base.

In 1993 the change from paper maps to digital data was introduced with the Official Surveying AV93. A data model with eight information layers (control points, land cover, single objects, heights, local names, ownership, pipelines > 5bar, administration subdivision) was defined as a legal standard. For the first time the data description language (conceptual schema language) INTERLIS was used to define the unique data model DM.93-AV-CH (and today DM.01-AV-CH) for the whole confederation. INTERLIS is a system-independent data modeling and data exchange mechanism. Each canton can extend this model for its own needs. In 2001 24% of all cadastral data have been available in the digital data format AV93. The target is to have 60% of the whole country in 2007.

GI systems are in use on the three levels: confederation, cantons and municipalities. They operate more or less independently, with very limited coordination between the levels. Systems are in use in all cantons. Most of them have set up dedicated GIS coordination centers within their administration.

The AV93 data are the base information for a Land Information System LIS. Other topics were added such as facilities, planning zones, and others in the different cantons and municipalities. INTERLIS was used more and more for other topics, such as a tool to define country standards for utilities. This was the base to start first discussions about a national SDI.

The current drivers behind the development of the NSDI4 are various and include political issues such as sustainable development, responding to the needs of users needing better efficiency in the institutions, and reducing costs. Other events and actions have also contributed towards providing a solid foundation to establish the NSDI. One key component was the creation of the INTERLIS which is implemented throughout Switzerland. Today the INTERLIS provides the technical backbone of the NSDI.

In December 1997 the Financial Controller of the Swiss Federal Administration issued a report on the expenditure and co-ordination efforts in data capture and GIS. Using case studies, the report identified where millions of Swiss Franc were wasted due to a lack of co-ordination and the improper or infrequent use of the INTERLIS. As a result the Coordination Office for GI and GIS in the Federal Government (COGIS) was created. It is hosted by the Swiss Office of Topography (Swisstopo) (Kaufmann, 2001).

3 The full range of formats for digital data from swisstopo include raster, vector, digital images, orthophotos and 3D models. 4 The NSDI in Switzerland is also referred to as the Federal SDI.

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The evolution in the Swiss Federal Administration towards an NSDI also includes important reforms in the Cadastre. A key document for the Swiss Cadastre and NSDI is the report Cadastre 2014: From theory to practice (see Kaufmann, 1998). The Cadastre 2014 report is a vision statement regarding the future of cadastral systems world wide, and the Swiss have tried to put this vision into practice.

1.3 Overview of SDI-initiatives in Switzerland The following table presents a summary of the SDI situation in Switzerland. The organizations identified in the left most column are those who host or are otherwise responsible to manage an SDI (or GIS) site on the Internet.

Table: country-wide overview of SDI Levels of SDI: Table: Country-

wide overview of SDI.

NUTS codes

Status Spatial coverage: National

Spatial coverage: Region

Description available ?

National NUTS region name(s)

NSDI Switzerland CH Operational 100% 100% Y Regional (Cantons with SDI)

Aargau (AGIS), www.ag.ch/agis

Swiss canton CH Operational*3 3% 100%

Geneva (SITG), www.sitg.ch

Swiss canton CH Operational*3 1% 100%

Luzern (GIS Koordinationsstelle), www.gis-luzern.ch

Swiss canton CH Operational*3 4% 100%

Neuchatel (SITN), www.ne.ch/admcantonale/sitn

Swiss canton CH Operational*3 2% 100%

Nidwalden (LIS Nidwalden AG), www.lis-nw.ch

Swiss canton, 11 municipalities, utilities

CH Operational*3 1% 100%

Obwalden (LIS/GIS Obwalden), www.ow.ch -> LIS

Swiss canton, 7 municipalities

CH Operational*3 1% 100%

St.Gallen / Appenzell Ausserrhoden (IG-GIS), www.geoportal.ch

2 Swiss cantons, 110 municipalities

CH Operational*3 6% 100%

Uri (LISAG), www.lisag.ch

Swiss canton, 20 municipalities, utilities

CH Operational*3 3% 100%

Vaud (ASIT-VD), www.asit-vd.ch

Swiss canton, 385 municipalities, utilities

CH Operational*3 8% 100%

Zug (ZUGIS), Swiss canton CH Operational*3 1% 100%

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www.zugis.ch Zurich, www.gis.zh.ch

Swiss canton CH Operational*3 4% 100%

*1 Note: The Swiss Catalog of Data sources is a data dictionary with hundreds of GIS datasets for environmental information. *2 Note: GEOSTAT offers off-line access to certain geo-data being held in the federal government administration, whereas the SIK-GIS Inventory offers access to metadata but not directly to the data itself. *3 GIS sites operational at Canton level. A part of these datasets are referenced in GEOSTAT. From the table it is obvious that there is a wide range of GIS and SDI activity in Switzerland.

Federal (national) level

At this time almost all federal institutions are contributing to or participating in the NSDI initiative being coordinated through COGIS. Since Switzerland is a federation of cantons, the NSDI must offer a solution that meets the needs of the different levels (mainly Federal and Canton). COGIS is the Swiss federal initiative to address these needs and to act as a framework for lower scale or more thematic initiatives. Details on COGIS and the characteristics of NSDI are provided in Chapter 2.

Major projects which are subject to coordination by COGIS include the catalogue of GI and the data dictionary for GI (SIK-GIS).

The SIK-GIS inventory was created by the Swiss Informatics Council Working Group for GIS (SIK-GIS). Generally speaking, the SIK is a consultative institution of the Federal and Canton administrations, having the original objective to promote the collaboration between members of the public administration for IT matters overall. As it became recognized that an inventory on the publicly available GI data was important, this task was handed over to the GIS Working Group with the aim to create a metadatabase. The result of the inventory is the SIK-GIS catalogue of GI. The catalogue is divided into different thematic layers. Likewise the data are grouped by different domains (e.g. land, regional planning) and these are also managed by layers. The theme-layer groupings are following the original recommendations of the SIK-GIS (1992). SIK-GIS has been playing a role as the coordinator for GI at the national scale and is now coordinated with COGIS and thus is avoiding to the extent possible the duplication of data or effort.

Complimenting the NSDI is the clearinghouse of environmental data (CH-CDS). This includes environmental GI held by the different public institutions in the Swiss Federal Administration (see section 2.7).

The GEOSTAT service also provides via Internet a listing of GI available in the Federal Statistics Office5.

5 The most recent edition of the GEOSTAT Users’ Manual is 2001. GEOSTAT supports 12 vector formats for data exchange, eight exchange formats for images or raster and 7 exchange formats for maps as graphics. The GEOSTAT service prepares and performs the exploration and extraction of data based on written requests sent by regular post or e-mail to the Federal Office of Statistics. A bill is prepared charging according to the category of users and also the time to prepare the data order. Geodata sets described through GEOSTAT include reference and core thematic datasets.

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Regional level

All Cantons have an Internet presence. Presently more than 50% of the 26 cantons have set up dedicated GIS coordination centers within their administrations, but only seven statistical offices in the cantons are involved in the collection of GI. More than 60% of all public GIS data in Switzerland (or about 550 described data sets) is held by only 5 of the 26 cantons. These are: Basel, Geneva, Lucerne, Zug and Zurich.

For example, in Lucerne Canton the 21 communes have developed a GIS in common. It is realized by a database that canton authorities established originally for purposes of economic development. The data on economic interests are available on the internet and can be directly used in files for land use management of the communes. A limited amount of GI data is offered for web mapping. Using pre-defined and fairly simple query structures different map views are generated. In most if not all cases there is no direct access by the public to the data. Those users that will have access permissions to view/use the GI are required to have passwords and user-ids.

Local level

Switzerland has more than 2.900 communes. A majority of the described data available in the cantons is related to the local level and to regional planning, nature inventories, protected zones, cadastral surveys, water, vegetation, land use. Many communes have a presence on the Internet, but the aim is to impart general (non-GI specific) information to the citizens and other visitors.

Public/Commercial activities

GeoSwiss offers over the Internet 300 plans for cities, communes, etc. It has the Module called GeoShop to let users buy the geographic information. Many of the Cantons have Internet mapping that is supported by StatKart and/or GeoShop. CityServer is a database that visualizes homes in a city.

Other commercial activities include the following players: www.swissgeo.org ; www.swissgeo.ch ; Afuag; swissphoto AG; Endoxon AG; Geomatic Ingénierie SA; INSER SA; ITV AG; Hallwag; Teleatlas; Microgis; Camp-to-camp; Geotask; Intergraph; ESRI; Autodesk; Tydac; etc.

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2 Details of the Swiss NSDI

2.1 General information In 2000 the Swiss Federal Council created an interdepartmental coordination group on GIS-matters (GCG). The first task of the GCG was to provide recommendations for strategies concerning GIS, based on users’ needs. The recommendations that were delivered by the GCG in mid-2001 formed the basis for elaboration of an NSDI that joins the federal administrations together with the collaboration and coordination of the cantons. Thus the NSDI is based on a strategy document and a broad base of stakeholder support.

Active since May 2000, the objective of GCG is to benefit as much as possible from the existing potential for processing, data acquisition, management, use and distribution of GI within the Swiss Federal Administration. GCG is mandated to ensure:

Movement towards a better promotion of geographical information, its methods and tools;

Agreement on a common strategy for geographical information and GIS; Coordination of acquisition, diffusion and pricing policies related to

geographical data; Encouragement of cooperation between GIS projects by offering a platform

for exchanges and discussion in order to facilitate the sharing of knowledge, experiments and resources;

Promotion in the use of tools and standards for modeling and exchange of geographical data.

In addition to answering questions of an economic and technical nature related to GIS projects, COGIS must establish a base which will support the emergence of a real national infrastructure for geographical information. The NSDI has "service to the customers" as one of the key features in its mandate.

The e-geo Project (www.e-geo.ch) is an initiative from the COGIS with the aim to encourage GIS activities that are interlinked. It is an excellent example of promoting the NSDI to a wider public. All the Federal administrative services together with the cantons and communes, economic actors and research units that gather and use GI are invited to pursue these common objectives, and collaboration and interconnections are to be user oriented. The e-geo.ch project will also help stimulate a greater political support for the NSDI. http://www.e-geo.ch/home_f.htm In 2008, e-geo will establish a cooperation agreement with the e-government strategy partners, formalize its legal form, funding and responsibilities and establish the concept for a national geoportal.

The geocat.ch project (http://geotask02.d-mg.net/iso19115_s/index.jsp ). is looking at setting up a catalogue of discovery metadata for GI. The project is very new (August 2002) and is now in the implementation phase. A first prototype will be operational end of April 2003. The geocat.ch project is using the Profile-CH metadata model (matches the ISO 19115 norm). The Profile-

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CH defines at a conceptual level the descriptive information that is required for each spatial dataset. The aims of using this standard include: to make available the metadata in a coherent and verifiable form; to assure a better understanding of metadata at each level where GI is used (producer, manager, user); to facilitate the exchange of metadata between partners; to improve the possibility to research the geodata and in particular in a decentralized environment; to offer a general framework for the development of tools for the management of metadata.

The region-geo.ch project aims to make distributed geodata from different organisations, places, themes, systems and GIS software available for use in different organisations, places, themes, systems and GIS software. The data have to be up-to-date and must be accessible 24hrs/day, eventually payable.

Within geocat.ch a service composed of different modules is created: Discovery Service, Catalogue Gateway, Search Server, Metadata management, Catalogue management, Import / Export, Database administration tools. It remains to be seen how this catalogue of metadata will compliment or replace the earlier work on the GEOSTAT data dictionary of GI.

SOGI (Schweizerische Organisation für Geo-Information) is the Swiss Organisation for Geo-Information, founded in 1994. It is an umbrella organisation for both public and private institutions that is concerned with the promotion and handling of geo-information. SOGI unites interested organisations to encourage the interdisciplinary use of geo-information (www.sogi.ch).

A Swiss INSPIRE contact point was set up to ensure the information flow about INSPIRE within Switzerland, to coordinate the Swiss approach to the introduction of the provisions and to assist the Swiss experts and institutions.

2.2 Component 1: Coordination and organizational issues In December 1997 the Financial Controller of the Swiss Federal Administration issued a report on the expenditure and co-ordination efforts in data capture and GIS. Using case studies, the report identified where millions of Swiss Franc were wasted due to a lack of co-ordination and the improper or infrequent use of the INTERLIS. As a result the Coordination Office for GI and GIS in the Federal Government (COGIS) was created. It is hosted by the Swiss Office of Topography (Swisstopo) (Kaufmann, 2001).

In 2000 the Swiss Federal Council created an interdepartmental coordination group on GIS-matters (GCG). The first task of the GCG was to provide recommendations for strategies concerning GIS, based on users’ needs. COGIS manages and steers the NSDI and is providing the organizational structure. The GI and GIS coordination of the Swiss Federal Administration is ensured by the GCG as a body for control and supervision of the center of competence COGIS. The GCG is the decision-making body for all questions relating to GI and GIS at the federal level.

The objective of this co-ordination work is to optimize the acquisition and use of geographical data at the Swiss federal level. The intention is that:

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Double acquisition of data is to be avoided; Co-operation between GIS projects will be improved; Knowledge and experiences will have a positive influence on new projects.

2.3 Component 2: Legal framework and funding

2.3.1 Legal framework and organizational issues The Swiss NSDI- or Federal Geodata Strategy has been signed and published by the Federal Government in July 2001 as an Amtlichen Vermessung. This strategy links to the broader aims of exploiting PSI and linking up the many initiatives already in place at cantonal and local level. So the political involvement is quite high at the federal level. However, there is no real legal provision for the NSDI. A legal framework could however be established in the future.

By a decision of 6 September 2006, the Federal Government introduced the draft law on geo-information to the Parliament. It is expected that the Parliament will adopt the law in the summer session of 2007 and that it will enter into force by January 2008. The purpose of the law is to enable federal and local authorities, the environmental and scientific sector and society in general to obtain geographic data in a fast, simple and continuous manner. The draft contains sections on technical and quality matters, updating, access and use, cooperation, financing, commercial activities of the federal government, and training and research (see http://www.swisstopo.ch/pub/down/basics/law/geoig/02Gesetz-060906-BRB_fr.pdf).

Specific to GI, the legal framework at the federal level also includes the Federal Government’s executive order on the Federal Office for Topography (Landestopographie) and the order on Official Surveying, the Verordnung amtliche Vermessung.

In February 1998 a Federal Order established COGIS (Co-ordination Office for Geographical Information and Geographical Information Systems in the Federal Government, also known as KOGIS), the coordinating body on GI matters for federal agencies (www.cosig.ch). COGIS coordinates the data of all federal agencies. The COGIS center is administratively attached to the Swiss Federal Office of Topography and is under the direct responsibility of the Federal Office of Topography directorate. The interdepartmental GIS Coordination Group (GCG, about 15 participants) however is the decision making body for all questions relating to GI and GIS consisting of representatives from different departments. It is the body for control and supervision of the center of competence COGIS, whereby COGIS (4 persons) is the executive organ of GIS coordination in the federal administration.

The host institution of COGIS is the Federal Office for Topography (Bundesamt für Landestopographie also known as Swisstopo), which is the governmental agency responsible for geodetic reference networks, geodetic and cadastral surveying, topographic mapping and spatial data for GIS (www.swisstopo.ch). With the integration of the Federal Directorate of Cadastral Surveying at the beginning of 1999, the tasks were extended and now include standards, co-ordination and overall control of cadastral surveying carried out by the Swiss Cantons.

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2.3.2 Public-private partnerships (PPP’s) No true PPPs have been concluded yet, but an initiative by COGIS in this direction has been taken, i.e. the “e-geo.ch” initiative (www.e-geo.ch). It is an incentive program. Many federal and canton institutions, interest groups and private partners have signed the “e-geo charter” lending their support to the encouragement of the internal and external use of geographic data.

2.3.3 Policy and legislation on access to public sector information Since the beginning of April 2003 Switzerland has a Freedom of Information law, the ”federal law for administrative transparency” (Bundesgesetz über die Öffentlichkeit der Verwaltung). The Justice Ministry set up a working group in July 1998. A public consultation was started in April 2000 and completed in March 2001. There was general public support for the right of access but state companies such as the Post office and Swisscom opposed access to their records because they feared it would affect their competitiveness. The project has been delayed and in October 2001, the Conseil Fédéral announced that it would delay until Spring 2002 a discussion of the project. There are also efforts on the Canton level to adopt FOI legislation. The Canton of Bern, adopted legislation in 1995, and Geneva in October 2001. There are also plans in the next several years to adopt legislation in Neuchâtel, Vaud, Solothurn, Jura, and Ticino.

Several metadata discovery services exist at the communal, cantonal and federal level. A new ‘Geo-shop’ internet portal will be launched at federal level in the autumn of 2002.

In Spring 2004, a draft federal law on geographic information was issued. The draft law aims to guarantee public authorities, the economy, science and research, access to and use of geographic data. The full implementation of the law and the necessary executing decisions are planned for 2007 (www.swisstopo.ch ). The Conseil Fédéral is in charge of organizing the access to the geographic data and the metadata.

In June 2005, the Swiss Federal Council initiated a consultation process for the new law. The DDPS was charged with submitting the draft to the cantons, political parties and other interested bodies for official comments. The consultation process runs until November 2005.

The law on geographic information of 5 oktober 2007 provides a uniform legal basis for national and cadastral surveying and for all the other territorial information gathered as required by various national legislative texts. In particular, it should ensure that the Swiss national territory geodata made available to the federal, cantonal and local authorities as well as economic, social, scientific and research bodies is widely applicable, sustainable, up-to-date, of an adequate quality and acceptably priced (http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/ff/2007/7155.pdf). The law is supplemented by a number of Executive orders on geo-information, geographic names, technical issues, geology, etc. (http://www.swisstopo.admin.ch/internet/swisstopo/de/home/docu/law.html).

2.3.4 Legal protection of GI by intellectual property rights Copyright law is regulated in Switzerland in federal law via the Swiss Copyright Act of 9 October 1992 (Bundesgesetz über das Urheberrecht und verwandte Schutzrechte - Urheberrechtsgesetz), which came into force on 1 July 1993 and was amended several

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times since. A new amendment is expected to be discussed by the Council of States in the winter of 2006.

The Swiss topographic maps are protected by a federal law (Bundesgesetz vom 21 Juni 1935 über die Erstellung neuer Landeskarten - as amended in 1977) and an ordinance of 24 May 1995 (Verordnung vom 24 Mai 1995 über die Benützung des eidgenössischen Kartenwerkes - as amended in 2001) governing the use of federal topographic maps.

The Swiss Copyright Act does not have specific stipulations on the protection of databases. Nevertheless it could be possible -in specific cases- to protect databases by saying that they are a kind of collection of works (article 4 of the Swiss Copyright Act). The question has, however, not been clearly decided yet.

There is no special legal protection for photographs. These are protected under the Swiss Copyright Act under the same conditions and in the same way as other works.

Public sector information can be protected under articles 2 and 4 of the Swiss Copyright Act. The question has to be decided on a case by case basis. There is no specific legislation in this regard.

2.3.5 Restricted access to GI further to the legal protection of privacy Article 13 of the new Constitution of 1 January 2000 provides that all persons have the right of respect of their private and family life, home and communications as well as protection from misuse of personal data.

The Federal Act of Data Protection of 19 June 1992 regulates personal information held by government and private bodies (www.edsb.ch/e/gesetz/schweiz/index.htm). In June 1999 the EU Data Protection Working Party determined that Swiss law was adequate under the EU Directive on the processing of personal data. In July 2000, the European Commission formally adopted this position, thereby approving all future transfers of all personal data transfers to Switzerland (Working Party on the Protection of Individuals with Regard to the Processing of Personal Data, Opinion 5/99 on the level of protection of personal data in Switzerland, 7 June 1999).

2.3.6 Licensing framework The use of the Swiss National Maps (of Swisstopo) is subject to licence fees. The fees depend upon the scale, the area of the map, the number of copies and / or the method of recording and final use of the data and their intended purpose. Orders can be made via the website, which contains detailed information on the prices and conditions for all products and services. No authorization is required for copying map excerpts up to the size A4 (6.3 dm2) and up to a maximum of 50 copies for private use or for educational purposes.

The draft law on geographic information gives the Conseil Féderal the authority to organize the licensing policies and the exchange of information between the public service.

2.3.7 Funding model for SDI and pricing policy Funding

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Funding in the Swiss case is split between federal funding for the mandatory tasks of survey and COGIS and mixed funding for standards and specific projects.

COGIS is 100% funded by the federal state.

A part of the Swisstopo activities is funded by the federal state and a part is financed by cost-recovery.

The law on geographic information divides the financial contributions between the Confederation and the cantons, depending on their tasks and involvement in different services.

Pricing

Pricing in Switzerland is still quite heterogeneous and needs harmonising. Within the framework of the interdepartmental working group “Politique de diffusion et prix des données géographiques” -which was put in motion by COGIS- a comparative study was carried out in 2001 on the practices of pricing for GI. This study (www.cosig.ch/docs/Strategie_Politique/COSIG_VP_Politique_1.pdf) can be used to develop a more harmonized pricing structure.

According to the law on geographic information, geographic data should be available freely or at a marginal cost. Prices should be fixed by the Conseil Fédéral. When services are created for commercial exploitation, or to accommodate special interests from clients, these services will be charged for according to market conditions.

2.4 Component 3: Data for themes of the INSPIRE annexes

2.4.1 Scale and resolution: European, National, Regional, Local, Other

GI is divided into two categories – base data and complimentary data. The Federal government produces and uses base GI in order to accomplish its tasks. This data is made available to private offices to use when fulfilling tasks with a public mandate. The complimentary geographic data are those that are not exclusively produced and used in the public interest, but also have a certain use in the private sector market. Often these data are produced either by the public or the private sectors.

The idea behind putting into place the federal strategy for GI concerns only the base data. Criteria for deciding on base data include: a data model is available, the data covers the entire country, the data serves the public interest, the data conform to a defined quality, updates are assured and financing is also assured.

The catalogue of the geographic base data in the Swiss NSDI is composed of two domains: reference data and thematic data. Reference data are the base geodata upon which all other geo-referenced information is based. Thematic data are the base geodata specific to the needs and interests of one or more offices and are produced and distributed like other data created in the public’s interest.

Much information provided by the NSDI is based on the National topographic map scale of 1:25.000 and these maps are usually generalized to provide other smaller scales.

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2.4.2 Data by resolution or scale range for the INSPIRE themes The following information is indicative as to the themes and types of geodatasets available for Switzerland. There is no real indication from the existing information as to which entries are overlapping in data content.

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Components Type Inspire priority

Organisat. responsible6

European

National Regional Local Other: indicate scale

Comments

Geographical location Geodetic reference system REF H

Geographical reference system Swisstopo (LFP1, HFP1)

Federal level, scale 1:250 000

Geographical reference system Various cantons (LFP2)

Canton level, scale >1:50 000

Geographical reference system Various municipalities (LFP3, HFP2)

municipal level, scale >1:50 000

Geography Swisstopo Geographical names REF H

SwissNames Swisstopo

Geographical names Swisstopo (swissnames 25)

Federal level, scale 1:250 000

Geographical names Various cantons (LFP2)

Canton level, scale >1:50 000

Geographical names Various municipalities (Amtiliche Vermessung)

municipal level, scale >1:50 000

Geographical grid CT H Geographical grids Administrative units

Official administrative units REF H Official administrative units Swisstopo Federal level, scale

1:250 000

GG25 – political boundaries Swisstopo 1:25 000 Administrative units Swisstopo

Governmental management zones Swisstopo (commune boundaries)

Federal level, scale 1:250 000

Governmental management zones AV Canton level, scale

6 FOS: Federal Office of Statistics (also = GEOSTAT); CDS: Catalogue of Data Sources; swisstopo;

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>1:50 000 Governmental management zones AV municipal level, scale

>1:50 000

Blocks and census districts REF M Blocks, census and statistical district Federal Statistical

Office (Hektarraster)

Federal level, scale 1:250 000

Civil security units Zivilschutz municipal level, scale >1:50 000

Postal codes / regions Post municipal level, scale >1:50 000

Properties, buildings and addresses

Properties REF L Cadastral survey data Swisstopo

Properties AV municipal level, scale >1:50 000

Buildings REF L Swisstopo Buildings CDS

Buildings AV municipal level, scale >1:50 000

Addresses REF H Addresses BfS Federal level, scale

1:250 000

Addresses Gebäudeversicherungsanstalten

Canton level, scale >1:50 000

Addresses Einwohneramt municipal level, scale >1:50 000

Addresses Geopost Private, building lev. >1:50 000

Elevation

Elevation REF H Elevation grid (250m RIMINI) Swisstopo 1:250

000

Elevation grid (25m) Swisstopo 1:25 000 Terrestrial elevation Swisstopo

(DHM25, DTM-AV) Federal level, scale

1:250 000

Terrestrial elevation AV municipal level, scale

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>1:50 000 Bathymetry REF H

Bathymetry BWG Federal level, scale 1:250 000

Bathymetry Vermessungsämter Canton level, scale >1:50 000

Coastline REF H

Coastline (shoreline) BWG (GN2000) Federal level, scale 1:250 000

Coastline (shoreline) Vermessungsämter (GN10)

Canton level, scale >1:50 000

Hydrography

Hydrography, river, lake…. REF H Water, hydrology FOS & Swisstopo

Water FOS & Swisstopo Potable water FOS & Swisstopo

Land surface Ortho-images REF H

Aerial photos (scanned in) Swisstopo

Unclassified satellite images CT M Satellite images (imagery) Swisstopo

Space Swisstopo Natural resource

Water catchments CT H BWG

Groundwater bodies CT H

Soil CT H Soils FOS

Bedrock geology CT L

Geology BWG Climatic regions/data CT L

Air, climate, meteorology FOS Air CDS

Climate Meteoswiss

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Bio-ecological regions CT M Biology CDS

Vegetation CT L

Vegetation, flaura, funa FOS Forestry BUWAL

Land Cover CT H Land use, land cover FOS & Swisstopo

Land CDS Transport

Transport networks REF H Transport networks ASTRA Federal level, scale

1:250 000

Transport networks TBA Canton level, scale >1:50 000

Transport networks Various private companies ?? Traffic, public transport OFT & ASTRA

Transport OFT Transport facilities REF L

Utilities and facilities Production facilities, industry AFU Canton level, scale

>1:50 000

Facilities M

Location of facilities CT M Infrastructure ??

Industry ?? Location of utilities CT M

Land use regulation

Protected areas CT H Inventory of protected areas BUWAL

Land regulation/Land use plans CT H

Local and regional planning ARE Landscape Vector 25 Swisstopo 1:25 000

Landscape Vector 200 Swisstopo 1:200 000

Land CDS

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Demography

Demographic attribute data CT H Population, demography FOS

Social, population CDS Demography BfS (Volkszählung) Federal level, scale

1:250 000

Human Health and safety BA für Gesundheit Federal level, scale 1:250 000

Other Topography – raster background Swisstopo

Topographic national maps (vector) Swisstopo 1:25 000 Pixel maps (scanned versions of

national topographic mps) Swisstopo 1:25 000

History, culture FOS Military Swisstopo

Various general information CDS Waste CDS

BsF = FOS= Federal Office of Statistics; CDS = described in the catalogue of data sources

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2.4.3 Geodetic reference systems and projections Spatial referencing is managed with coordinate systems7.

The Swiss Projection is the official Swiss coordinate system.

Map projections are not specified with respect to the scale of mapping (national-regional-local).

Of the more than 960 datasets in the GEOSTAT, 125 are raster data. Presently much of the geo-referenced statistics held by the Federal Statistical Office are managed in grid or raster form.

The INTERLIS 2.2 allows for different map projections8 to be used. It is possible to change or convert from GeoEllipsoidal to GeoCartesian2D for example.

2.4.4 Quality of data COGIS has selected the following quality standards for geodata in the Swiss federal administration:

A description of the metadata is done using Profile-CH, which is developed based on the ISO standard 19115;

The modeling of the geographic data is realized using UML (Unified Modeling Language) based on a catalogue of objects;

The system independent exchange of base geodata, will be carried out using the INTERLIS/XML language;

The network of basic geoservices will be prepared taking account of compatibility with international standards such as the W3C (World Wide Web Comsortiums).

There are specific quality checking routines performed on the Geo-topographical database (GTDB) held by Swisstopo. For example:

Permissible attribute values; Minimal geometric distances between vertices and nodes; Maximal distances of objects; Object values (e.g. road categories) that are allowed to meet in a node; Conditions which must be fulfilled – e.g. edges cross without a node; No two objects having equal geometry; No two edges joining a node may have equal azimuths; To prevent sliver polygons, limited perimeter to area ratio; Constraints to the object value of boundaries between two areas.

7 The situation in Switzerland is flexible enough that various coordinate systems to be used and also to be defined by the user – when using INTERLIS: AXIS, LengthAXIS, AngleAXIS and COORDSYSTEM are the language elements available for the definition of coordinate systems, GeoCartesian2D, GeoCartesian3D and GeoEllipsoidal are some of the proposed predefined classes of general coordinate systems. The various data dictionaries or data sets use mainly the same coordinate system, namely the Swiss official coordinate system (also called Swiss projection) but also different local coordinate systems are in use. The coordinate reference system method of INGERLIS 2.2 is fully compatible with ISO 19111 but is more efficiently organised regarding automatic coordinate transformation tools. 8 But the existing transformation tools are not yet based on the INTERLIS 2.2 coordinate system structure.

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[Giger et al] All geo-data in INTERLIS transfer format can be quality checked including geometric aspects as mentioned above for the GDTB. This check works system-independently and automatically by comparing the data with the corresponding conceptual schema. Different checker tools are available on the market.

The quality check in the other catalogues or data dictionaries were not clearly specified, with the exception of the CH-CDS which has applied the CDS methodology, and perhaps as well the quality parameters or thresh-holds.

Change information is not explicitly mentioned except in the attribute description for the GTDB. The attributes include year of change.

[Giger et al] For the official surveying data quality parameters are included in the conceptual schema at different levels (e.g. accuracy and reliability on the object level, completeness at the topic level etc.). Also maintenance data (update or change information) are included either for individual objects (as points, parcels, buildings etc.) as class attributes, and for groups of objects (as revision lots e.g.) as explicit maintenance classes.

2.4.5 Interoperability In Switzerland, interoperability may be achieved according to different means. There is of course the interoperability by using same or compatible proprietary GIS software (e.g. MapInfo, ESRI). There is also interoperability achieved through the INTERLIS.

Within the Swiss Federal Administration, use is made mainly of ESRI- and MapInfo-products. Other GIS products used throughout Switzerland include Intergraph, Microstation, MGE, C-Plan, and ADALIN.

Interchange formats for Raster data appear to be according to TIFF specifications.

The INTERLIS provides a system-independent model driven option. The original intent was to develop a data exchange mechanism in Switzerland. The Swiss national standard was used to define data structures – both generic and geographic. INTERLIS provides data transfer between different GIS without information loss and allows computer based system-independent checking and validation (as mentioned in 2.3.4), while maintaining coherence, graphics descriptions, incremental updates, etc. INTERLIS is especially useful for geo-data because of the possibility to exactly describe geometry by geometric attribute types like points, poly-lines, independent surfaces and regions of a coverage. For a short history and characteristic see 2.6.1.

Interoperability is also guaranteed through INTERLIS workflow mechanisms: (1) create the INTERLIS data (transfer) model by writing INTERLIS code and using tools -e.g. INTERLIS/UML editor; (2) check the INTERLIS data model (convert data model if needed) and using INTERLIS/UML editor and INTERLIS compiler; and (3) preparation of the supplying systems by configuring the GIS system with an INTERLIS data model (by import) before data is collected and by defining an INTERLIS transfer data model (by semantic mapping) at any stage of data collection. In a second step data are exported from the GIS, checked, uploaded and 2nd check and update of the hub.

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2.4.6 Language and culture The COGIS web pages are available in English, French and German. Some web sites provide information also in Italian and Reto-Roman.

INTERLIS documentation is available in English, French, German, Italian.

The GEOSTAT website, holding the SIK-GIS inventory, is in English, French, German, Italian. And the Users’ manual is maintained in German and French languages (normally the language of the data creator/provider).

Data dictionaries and data catalogues exist for different datasets (e.g. Swisstopo GTDB is a RDBMS in Oracle). Most if not all data dictionaries and catalogues examined for Switzerland are structured according to thematic layers, topological layers and attributes.

2.4.7 Data Content Data content descriptions are provided in different formats and degrees of detail, depending on the data set. Content descriptions are managed as well via INTERLIS.I

[Giger et al] There are already several hundred applications existing for which conceptual schemas (data models) have been prepared using INTERLIS and Entity Block Diagram (EBD) or UML, which provide an exact, system-independent and complete description of the whole data content, including domain definitions for attribute values, geometry, relationships etc.

2.4.8 Geographical names SwissNames is a database of place names that became available in 2001. The database of place names contains more than 190 000 geographic names, of which some 150 000 are only for the territory of Switzerland. The database is one of the digital products offered by the Swisstopo. Product prices will depend on the density of place names and geographic extent of the overall selection.

2.4.9 Character sets Unicode

2.5 Component 4: Metadata

2.5.1 Availability Metadata are produced for significant parts of the reference data at various levels of detail.

The Swisstopo has extended the Geographical Database (GTDB) with an application that allows INTERLIS data descriptions to be derived from the existing data dictionary being used.

2.5.2 Metadata catalogues availability + standard Several Discovery services are in place in Switzerland and include:

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Commune level: Zurich (Geo-Shop), St. Moritz Canton level: Basel (Geo-Shop), Aargau, Zug, Geneva, Vaud, …

At the national level a new catalogue (geocat.ch) is now on-line at http://geotask02.d-mg.net/iso19115_s/index.jsp . It delivers discovery metadata for GI. The catalogue uses a metadata model called Profil-CH which is following the international norm ISO 19115 (see chapter 2.1). By July 2004, the catalogue seemed to be in an experimental stadium.

Two other metadata catalogues exist for the national level: the Catalogue of Data Sources (CDS) for environmental data in Switzerland, and the inventory of data by the SIK-GIS. The latter has not been updated since 1997.

When the SIK-GIS made the first inventory of GIS data in all the different administrations it was described according to the following topics:

Data, title; Hierarchical thematic definition according to a data catalogue; Important attributes; Data geometry and topology; Spatial coverage; Scale and generalization; Data collection and data capture (methodologies and the start/finish times); Implementing and updating; Potential fields of application and legal responsibilities; Data access and restrictions; Data costs and emoluments (pricing/cost recovery) GIS used and supported formats – data delivery exchange; Address information of the data owner (holder of the copy rights).

2.5.3 Dublin core metadata standards for GI-discovery The Dublin-core-metadata for GI are part of ISO 19115 and included in the Swiss profile of ISO 19115.

2.5.4 Metadata implementation Coordination for metadata in Switzerland involves a few key players. The SIK-GIS began the work in 1990 and in 1992 issued a report containing recommendations for GIS implementation and the metadata information.

The SIK-GIS inventory is actually maintained by the GEOSTAT service in the Federal Statistics Office. One of the main tasks of the GEOSTAT is to provide access to a wide variety of publicly available GIS data.

Update procedures are in place for the CH-CDS and GEOSTAT. The update schedule will depend on the dataset involved.

[Giger et al] A complete update procedure is as well in place for the data of the official surveying based on the INTERLIS transfer mechanism. At the moment only full updates of all classes of complete topics are operable. But incremental “change only” updates

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are supported by INTERLIS 2, have been implemented for INTERLIS 2.0 and are now adjusted to INTERLIS 2.2.

2.6 Component 5: Network Services

2.6.1 On-line access service for metadata: discovery services Access of metadata is partly on-line. In some cases the access to metadata is limited to users having a password and user-id. There are cases when the metadata is rather limited (along the lines of discovery) and specific requests must be made to have greater detail.

A new catalogue (geocat.ch) is now on-line at http://geotask02.d-mg.net/iso19115_s/index.jsp . It delivers discovery metadata for GI. The catalogue uses a metadata model called Profil-CH which is following the international norm ISO 19115 (see chapter 2.1). By July 2004, the catalogue service seemed to be in an experimental stadium and could not be used efficiently.

In 2002 the new Geo-Shop (Federal level) was scheduled for release and is based on the COGIS metadata server profile (which is also ISO 19115 compliant). The Geo-Shop remains based on the system-neutral INTERLIS approach (GINIE Report).

SwissTopo provides documentation of its data products on http://www.swisstopo.ch/en/digital/INDEX.htm .

2.6.2 On-line access service for data: download services This type of service exists, but only in a limited way. The datasets for CH-CDS and GEOSTAT are identified in the clearinghouse or metadata catalogues. If access to the data is required, then in the case of GEOSTAT an off-line order is made, and in the case of CH-CDS the information in the item “access” lets the user know if the data is available and whom to contact.

The project description for geocat.ch seems to offer more features and services to support a complete on-line data evaluation, ordering and paying.

The Swiss Federal Office of Statistics also offers the possibility to order vector and raster data, images, photos “on-line”. A closer look reveals that this means an order form is available on-line. The user makes a print-out and fills in by hand the order for the GI datasets wanted. The order is sent back to the Federal Statistical Office, Service of GEOSTAT. The officials then prepare the order and bill for their time as well as the product/data delivered.

2.6.3 Inter-linkages of on-line access services for metadata and data No information available.

2.6.4 OpenSource software and access services UML editor and INTERLIS compiler are in use.

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2.6.5 Availability of viewing services Web mapping is more clearly evident for the mapping applications at the Canton level. Mainly the Cantons and also some communes have ‘on-line’ lists of attributes mapping features which are really a series of predefined queries (e.g. selection from pull-down lists)

2.6.6 Availability of catalogue services to regulate access Different GeoShop applications based on the INTERLIS mechanism are operational. Cantons use the INTERLIS to create their own independent environment.

2.6.7 Availability of catalogue services that perform payment operations

Different GeoShop applications based on the INTERLIS mechanism or other are available.

2.6.8 Availability of catalogue services to extract and send data to a user application

Different GeoShop applications based on the INTERLIS mechanism or other are available.

2.6.9 SDI user applications Different GeoShop applications based on the INTERLIS mechanism or other are available.

2.6.10 Availability of geo-processing services Different GeoShop applications based on the INTERLIS mechanism or other are available.

2.7 Standards All in all there are a number of standards in use and/or planned for use in Switzerland, including: Swiss national standards for data security, data reference model DXF, INTERLIS 1 and 2, addresses of buildings, utilities and metadata; part of the ISO 19100-family: 19103, 19107, 19109, 19110, 19111, 19117, 19118; the OGC principles for access to distributed maps; the NGN (Nationale Plattform Geo-Normen, i.e. the Swiss national platform for geo-standards). Some details follow:

2.7.1 INTERLIS [Giger et al] To create conceptual data models (also called conceptual schemas), which are computer treatable as well as human readable, a sophisticated and simple formal data description language is needed, a so-called conceptual schema language (CSL). The CSL called INTERLIS was invented in Switzerland as a basis for a flexible and system-independent transfer mechanism for the data of the official surveying in 1985 (see 1.1). In 1993 INTERLIS got the status of a law for the official surveying together with the

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conceptual schema of the basic data provided in INTERLIS CSL. In 1998 INTERLIS become the Swiss standard SN612030. Corresponding to the needs of the worldwide standardisation in the GI-domain by ISO/TC211, the extension of the object-relational INTERLIS (1) to the object-oriented INTERLIS 2 was started in 1997/1998. In 1999 the version INTERLIS 2.0 was released, implemented and tested. The tests and the further development of the standards series ISO19100 showed the need of several modifications. By final vote the standard SN612031 was accepted end 2002 and for the actual version INTERLIS 2.2 the reference manual is on the Web since 2003-04-23.

INTERLIS 2.2 uses UML as a graphic interface. The textual CSL INTERLIS 2.2 allows the formally exact introduction of attribute types. These can be added to the UML-schema by the freely available UML-INTERLIS-editor. The object-oriented inheritance mechanism simplifies the models and the regional adaptation of the models. The possibility to describe constraints (of OCL type) is integrated in the CSL and allows additional quality control. As with INTERLIS 1 rules are defined to get the XML transfer-format of the data by automatic deduction out of the error-free data-model. According to the wishes of the INTERLIS 1 users have been included in INTERLIS 2

incremental “change only” update conceptual system-independent description of the graphic presentation of the

geo-data Several services are implemented based on the exact conceptual schema of data:

the compiler checks the syntax and – partially – the semantics of a conceptual schema), is written in Java and can be downloaded free of charge from the INTERLIS home page (www.INTERLIS.ch).

the transfer service allows to automatically derive the transfer format of data out of their conceptual schema. Originally, INTERLIS used its own proprietary transfer format, called ITF (INTERLIS Transfer Format). With INTERLIS 2 the ITF has been replaced by the Internet adapted XML. This application of the model driven approach (MDA) corresponds to the principle of the worldwide standardization in the geo-information area by the technical committee ISO/TC211. The encoding document ISO19118 (ISO/TC211, 2002) proposes the same methodology as is used in INTERLIS tools and specifies XML as well as a target format. Unfortunately the transfer service of ISO19118 is not yet mature for implementation, partly because the CSL (UML plus) is not yet clearly enough defined, partly because the rules to generate the format from the conceptual schema are not complete and deterministic. Because of its key role in any interoperability considerations the definition of the transfer service has become part of the INTERLIS standard. The compiler itself produces a description of the corresponding transfer file, if the conceptual schema contains no error. In Switzerland the INTERLIS transfer service based on the MDA is implemented and daily used. The INTERLIS 2 development had to take into account the requirements from the transfer service user community (see remark above).

the checker allows quality control. Geo-data can be tested by automatically comparing them to their conceptual schema. The checker is integrated in two

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Software packages on the market, in the INTERLIS-tools of the company InfoGrips and in the INTERLIS studio of the company Geocom.

the Internet presentation provides the possibility to view and select region- and topic-wise the geodata given in the format defined by INTERLIS together with the conceptual schema and to sell them by e-commerce methods. This product is also on the market, is called GeoShop and is developed and sold by the company InfoGrips.

the conversion system allows and supports by powerful functionalities the semantic transformation on the conceptual level and provides the automatic reformatting of corresponding data. This tool is implemented, too, as so-called ICS (INTERLIS Conversion System) and is part of the earlier mentioned INTERLIS tools of the company InfoGrips.

2.7.2 The other standards [Giger et al] There are only few Swiss standards in the GI-domain as mentioned in the introduction above. But they correspond to user needs and are broadly used.

SN612010: GI – Data security. Practical rules to preserve the expensive geo-data

SN612020: Data reference model DXF: Description of the exchange of the graphical presentation of geo-data mainly to architects by standardizing the DXF layers.

SN612030: INTERLIS 1 and SN612031 INTERLIS 2 mentioned above (2.6.1) SN612040: Building addresses: To allow distributed recording and exchange

of localized addresses. SN612050: Swiss metadata profile of ISO19115 (in preparation) SIA405: Utilities (water, waste water, gas, electricity, telecommunication,

distant heating) Most of the standards use INTERLIS to describe exactly the corresponding application models.

2.7.3 The need of a national platform for geo-standards [Giger et al] The introduction of the model based approach by INTERLIS in the GI-area showed the urgent need of different activities and their coordination around standards and their implementation and introduction. As an important part of the e-geo.ch activity the national platform of geo-standards (NGN) will treat and coordinate education, technical development, modeling support, hot-line, cooperation with international standardisations and public relations for GI-standards and provide a stable financial basis for all these activities.

2.8 Component 6: Thematic environmental data It is not clear to what extent thematic environmental data are covered by the COGIS-NSDI coordination activities.

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FIR

2.8.1 Application of metadata issues identified to thematic environmental data

The Swiss Catalogue of Environmental Data Sources, or the CH-CDS is a locator system for environmental information in Switzerland. It supplies meta-information on who has what environmental information in Switzerland. The catalogue offers multi-lingual web pages (French, German, Portuguese and Italian) although the data sets are described in the language that the provider was using, normally French or German. The cagalogue includes maps, networks, documents, models, etc.

The CH-CDS was jointly established by the Swiss Agency for the Environment, Forests and Landscapes (SAEFL) and the Swiss Federal Statistical Office (SFSO). It was decided to describe and manage access to the environmental data sets with the Catalogue of Data Sources – CDS – as developed by the European Environment Agency (EEA) and the Topic Centre for Catalogue of Data Sources (ETC/CDS). The CDS approach was implemented on Swiss environmental data during an introductory phase from 1997-1999.

The thousands of datasets are arranged by theme and include themes like chemicals, waste, water but also geodatasets of the reference type like administrative units, buildings, …

2.8.2 The Swiss Catalogue of Environmental data sources is available at http://www.envirocat.ch/ .

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Type Inspire

priority Organisation responsible for collection, production, management (data sets)

Legal issues and funding

Ref.data characteristics

Metadata specifications

Standards Update procedure

Geographical location Monitoring sites ENV H Geo-physical environment Bedrock geology BWG Federal level,

scale 1:250 000

Bedrock geology GIS-Fachstellen Canton level, scale >1:50 000

Geo-morphology BWG Federal level, scale 1:250 000

Geo-morphology GIS-Fachstellen Canton level, scale >1:50 000

Soil GIS-Fachstellen Canton level, scale >1:50 000

Land surface Land cover BsF (Area statistics) Federal level,

scale 1:250 000

Land cover AV Orthophoto images Swisstopo

(Swissimage) Federal level,

scale 1:250 000

Orthophoto images KVA Canton level, scale >1:50 000

Orthophoto images Various private companies

??

Unclassified satellite data Swisstopo (NPOC) Federal level, scale 1:250

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000 Administrative units Sector management & reporting units

E/S H

Environmental management & reporting units

Swiss Environment Agency (BUWAL)

Federal level, scale 1:250 000

Environmental management & reporting units

AFU Canton level, scale >1:50 000

Ocean and seas Sea regions ENV L Fishing CDS Biota/biodiversity Vegetation BA Landwirtschaft Federal level,

scale 1:250 000

Vegetation Amt für Landwirtschaft Canton level, scale >1:50 000

Vegetation AV municipal level, scale >1:50 000

Habitats and biotopes ENV M BsF / ARE Federal level, scale 1:250 000

Habitats and biotopes ENV M ARE Canton level, scale >1:50 000

Species distribution ENV M BsF / ARE Federal level, scale 1:250 000

Species distribution ENV M ARE Canton level, scale >1:50 000

Breeding CDS Natural resource Water resources E/S M BWG Federal level,

scale 1:250 000

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Water resources Abteilung Gewässer Canton level, scale >1:50 000

Ecosystem resources BUWAL Federal level, scale 1:250 000

Agricultural land and soil resources

BA Landwirtschaft Federal level, scale 1:250 000

Agricultural land and soil resources

Amt für Landwirtschaft Canton level, scale >1:50 000

Forest resources Forestämter Canton level, scale >1:50 000

Fishery resources Amt für Jagd+Fischerei

Canton level, scale >1:50 000

Geological resources BWG Federal level, scale 1:250 000

Renewable energy resources BA für Energie Federal level, scale 1:250 000

Renewable energy resources AFU Canton level, scale >1:50 000

Other Natural environment CDS Environment - general BsF = FOS Federal level,

scale 1:250 000

Surface water bodies BWG Federal level, scale 1:250 000

Surface water bodies Abteilung Gewässer Canton level, scale >1:50 000

Water catchments AFU Canton level, scale >1:50

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000 Groundwater bodies/aquifers AFU Canton level,

scale >1:50 000

Economy Economic statistics/local statistics E/S H Commerce, services CDS Area regulation Sector regulation (env. sector/ other sector)

E/S H

Agriculture CDS Area restriction/area regulation zone

BfS Federal level, scale 1:250 000

Area restriction/area regulation zone

ARE Canton level, scale >1:50 000

Natural and technological risks Disasters, accidents, risks CDS Polluted areas/areas under anthropogenic stress

Local contaminated areas ENV H Chemicals CDS Waste CDS Pollution CDS Polluted areas BUWAL Federal level,

scale 1:250 000

Polluted areas AFU Canton level, scale >1:50 000

Noise zones ENV L Noise CDS Noise AFU Canton level,

scale >1:50 000

Noise Communes municipal level, scale >1:50 000

Air and climate

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Air and atmospheric conditions BUWAL / BfS Federal level, scale 1:250 000

Air and atmospheric conditions Swiss Meteo Private, local level >1:50 000

Meteorological spatial features BUWAL / BfS Federal level, scale 1:250 000

Meteorological spatial features Swiss Meteo Private, local level >1:50 000

Climate zones BUWAL / BfS Federal level, scale 1:250 000

Climate zones Swiss Meteo Private, local level >1:50 000

BsF = FOS= Federal Office of Statistics; CDS = described in the catalogue of data sources

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2.9 Use and efficiency of SDI The added value and benefits from the NSDI are in fact difficult to measure. COGIS has drafted a report that carefully tries to present what some of these benefits might be (draft report, 16.04.2003, Concept de mise en oeuvre de la stratégie fédérale pour l’information géographique). The most important socio-economic benefits that are expected via an operational NSDI-CH will be the increased activities in the value-added area of GI. The increased activity is expected to yield significant improvements in the GI market.

The Swiss Federal government and the Cantons are together investing an estimated global annual sum of 230 Million CHF (about 152 Million €) for geographic information. An analysis of the total Swiss market for GI showed a modest volume of around 200 CHF (about 133 Million €). The COGIS document refers to a multiplier effect of 1:4 between public investments in GI and the value-added market (revenues) that could be realized in the private sector. If such a multiplier effect would be applied in Switzerland, an annual public investment of 152 Million € could see a robust GI market of some 608 Million €. The reality today is not like this, and the actual proportion is of 1:1.

Benefits have been identified in the strategy document according to different categories: Benefits for the administration (Internal government, Government-to-government; Benefits for private economy (Government-to-Organisation); Benefits for education and research (Government-to-Organisation); Benefits for the citizen (Government-to-Citizen)

Diffusion facilitéeOffre optimale

Diffusion facilitéeOffre optimale

Accès avantageuxTransparence des prix

Accès avantageuxTransparence des prix

Effets

Bénéfices socio-économiques

Utilisation accrue et par un plus large public

Utilisation accrue et par un plus large public

Valeur ajoutée pour les administrations

G-I et G2GConfédération, Cantons, Communes

Valeur ajoutée pour les administrations

G-I et G2GConfédération, Cantons, Communes

Valeur ajoutéepour les organisations

G2OEconomie privée, recherche, etc.

Valeur ajoutéepour les organisations

G2OEconomie privée, recherche, etc.

Valeur ajoutéepour les citoyens

G2C

Valeur ajoutéepour les citoyens

G2C

Serviceexcellence

Serviceexcellence

Créer les conditionsrequise

Créer les conditionsrequise

Infrastructure de données géographiques (INDG)

Mise en réseauMise en réseau Réseaue-geo

Réseaue-geoInfrastructure

technique

Infrastructuretechnique

Directives etStandards

Directives etStandards Bases

juridiques

Basesjuridiques Stratégie de

tarification

Stratégie detarification

MétainformationMétainformation

Géodonnées de baseGéodonnées de base

FormationFormation

RechercheRecherche

Géoservices de baseGéoservices de base

eGov

Figure: Bénéfices/Effets liés à une infrastructure nationale de données géographiques (NSDI)

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3 Annexes

3.1 List of SDI addresses / contacts for Switzerland Table: SDI contact list SDI Name (full) Web address Organisational

mailing addressOver-all contact person: tel./fax/e-mail

National COGIS http://www.cosig.

ch COGIS c/o Office Fédéral de Topographie Seftigenstrasse 264 case postale CH - 3084 Wabern

Alain Buogo, responsible for COGIS [email protected] Tel. +41 31 963 21 11 Fax +41 31 963 23 25

e-geo http://www.e-geo.ch/kontakt_f.htm

e-geo c/o Office Fédéral de Topographie Seftigenstrasse 264 case postale CH - 3084 Wabern

[email protected] Tel. +41 31 963 21 11 Fax +41 31 963 23 25

Swiss Federal Statistical Office Spatial Data Section Espace de l’Europe, 10 CH-2010 Neuchâtel

Rainer Humbel [email protected] Tel : +41 32 713 66 91 Fax : +41 32 713 65 60

CH-CDS SAEFL

Véronique Ortner CH-CDS Project Manager [email protected] Tel : +41 31 323 89 53 Fax : +41 31 323 03 67

INTERLIS http://www.INTERLIS.ch

SIK-GIS http://www.sik-gis.ch

3.2 List of references for Switzerland

Table: list of references used to compile the Country Report

Web sites:

COGIS – COSIG - KOGIS http://www.cosig.ch

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geocat.ch (planning document for a catalog of metadata for GI, Aug2002)

http://www.cosig.ch http://www.statistik.admin.ch/service-stat/geostat/index.htm

e-geo http://www.e-geo.ch/home_f.htm

Federal Topographic Office http://www.swisstopo.ch

Federal Geodata Strategy http://www.kogis.ch

Federal Council & Federal Administration (26 Cantons on-line)

http://www.admin.ch/ch/index.en.html http://www.admin.ch/ch/e/schweiz/kantone/index.html

Swiss Clearing-House Mechanism Biodiversity

http://www.ch-chm.ch/

Swiss GeoWeb – communication platform for the geo-sciences

http://www.swissgeoweb.ch/

SwissNames (swisstopo) http://www.swisstopo.ch/en/digital/namen.htm

Swiss Organisation for Geographic Information

http://www.sogi.ch/

Links to various Swiss Cantons with GIS centers (not a definitive listing)

Aargau Canton GIS site (Aarau)

http://www.ag.ch/de/pub/portal.htm http://www.ag.ch/agis/agis.htm

Bern Canton Catalogue of GI for Bern GIS

http://www.bve.be.ch/vma/index_f.html http://www.vma.bve.be.ch/index_f.html

Geneve Canton SIG Geneve

http://www.geneve.ch/welcome2.html http://www.geneve.ch/infos/confpres/systeme.html

Luzern Canton Luzern GIS

http://www.gis-luzern.ch/

Neuchatel Canton Cadastral and GIS

http://www.ne.ch/neat/site/neat_def_sti.htm http://www.ne.ch/neat/site/jsp/rubrique/rubrique.jsp?StyleType=marron&CatId=1561

Zug Canton Zug GIS

http://www.zug.ch/00_00.htm http://www.zugis.ch/

Zurich Canton http://www.kanton.zh.ch/

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Zurich GIS http://www.gis-zentrum.zh.ch/

Other http://www.eurogeographics.org/AboutUs/index.htm http://www.eurogi.org/index_1024.html http://home.online.no/~wkeim/foil.htm http://www.publicsectorinfo.com/summary_results/08d.html http://www.INTERLIS.ch/home_d.html http://egeols222.egeo.sai.jrc.it/ginie/sdi_ws/switzerland.ppt http://www.privacyinternational.org/issues/foia/intl-foia-update-202.pdf http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/c231_1.html www.sik-gis.ch http://www.e-geo.ch http://www.swisstopo.ch/en/maps/dk/copyright.htm http://www.regio-geo.ch http://www.ag-geo.ch http://www.geocat.ch

Publications:

Buogo, Alain (2000). “Coordination of Geodata and GIS in the Swiss Federal Administration “, working paper no. 16, presented by the Swiss Federal Office of Topography at the UN/ECE Work Session on Methodological Issues Involving the Integration of Statistics and Geography. (April 10-12, 2000).

Buogo, Alain (2002). “Strategie pour l’information géographique au sein de l’administration fédérale. http://www.cosig.ch

Clark, Mike (2002). Briefing notes to the INSPIRE DPLI Working Group, Appendix A – EU Member States (brief1.doc).

Craglia, M. (2000). Geographic Information Policies in Europe: Naional and Regional Perspectives – Report of the EUROGI-EC Data Policy Workshop, Amersfoort, 15 November 1999.

GINIE: Geographic Information Network in Europe. Spatial data infrastructures: Country Reports FINAL D 5.3.2(b). September 2002.

Federal Statistics Office. “Organisation de la coordination de l’information géoinformatique dans l’administration fédérale”, GCS-COSIG, Avril 2001.

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Federal Statistics Office. GEOSTAT - Manuel de l’ utilisateur, edition 11/2001. http://www.statistik.admin.ch/service-stat/geostat/pdf/hbpub_f-01.pdf

Gnägi, H.R. (2002). « Coordinating data management of the digital city using the system-independent, model-driven approach », 23rd Urbandata management symposium, October 2-4, 2002, Prague, Czech Republic

Humbel, Rainer (2000). “GIS in Switzerland: Synopsis on spatial data in statistical and other federal and cantonal offices in Switzerland”, working paper no. 4, presented at the UN/ECE Work Session on Methodological Issues Involving the Integration of Statistics and Geography. (April 10-12, 2000).

Kaufmann, Jürg (1998). Cadastre 2014 – A vision for a future cadastral system. Report prepared for the International Federation of Surveyors (FIG), Commission 7 – Cadastre and land Management, Working Group 7.1 - Creating Land Administration in formal and informal environments. http://www.swisstopo.ch/fig-wg71/cad2014/cad2014/index.htm

Kaufmann, Jürg and Joseph Dorfschmid (2001). “Reflections on the benefits and potential economy of geographic data standards”, Report #17e, February 2001.

Masser, Ian (1999). “All shapes and sizes: the first generation of national spatialdata infrastructures”, in the International Journal of Geographic Information Science, vol. 13(1), pp. 67-84

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Written comments as received from COGIS, SOGI and ETH-Zürich.