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Spatial Cognition, Environmental Perception, & the Future of Modern Technology By: Nikolas Smilovsky, GISP Special Thanks to Chris Lukinbeal, GCU, & BPG Designs. The presentation is in association with the research supported by the National Science Foundation Human and Social Dynamics program under Award No. SES - 0433947, and Research Experience for Undergraduates Award No. SES - 0506894. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or reconditions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessa ril y reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. A PhD Dissertation & Future Research, January 2016

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Spatial Cognition, Environmental Perception, & the Future of Modern Technology

By: Nikolas Smilovsky, GISP

Special Thanks to Chris Lukinbeal, GCU, & BPG Designs.

The presentation is in association with the research supported by the National Science Foundation Human and Social Dynamics program under Award No. SES-0433947, and Research Experience for Undergraduates Award No. SES-0506894. Any

opinions, findings, and conclusions or reconditions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.

A PhD Dissertation & Future Research, January 2016

Presentation Outline:

What is spatial cognition?

What is environmental perception?

The background research & future plans.

How will our cognitive mapping perceptions be influenced by advancing technology?

Audience Response Survey.

PollEv.com/nikolassmilo937

https://www.polleverywhere.com

Spatial Cognition:

“is concerned with the acquisition, organization,

utilization, and revision of knowledge about spatial

environments.” (Wikipedia)

“A geographical information system is a construct

designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze,

manage, and present all types of spatial or

geographical data.” (Wikipedia) https://images.google.com

Spatial Cognition:

Spatial Cognition: Spatial Cognition is often referred to as Mind Mapping, Mental

Mapping, Sketch Maps, and Cognitive Mapping

Cognitive distance = Basis of arrangement, activity space

Designative vs Appraisive

Designative - Cognitive organization of space, how we know &

understand the environment around us

Appraisive – How we experience and make sense of the world

around us, personal preference

(Lynch, 1960)

Spatial Cognition:

(Lukinbeal, 2015)

Spatial Cognition: Waldo R. Tobler (born 1930)

American-Swiss Geographer & Cartographer

“First Law of Geography”

Everything is related to everything else in physical

space, but near things are more related to each

other than objects further apart

(Klippel, Hardisty, & Li, 2011) https://www.Wikipedia.com

Spatial Cognition:

What is the biology behind spatial cognition?

Spatial learning, spatial cognition, & action planning

(behavior) is performed by the interplay between the

hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) in the

human brain. (Martinet, Sheynikhovich, Benchenane,

& Arleo, 2011)

https://emotiv.com/epoc.php

Spatial Cognition:

https://images.google.com

Spatial Cognition:

(Martinet, Sheynikhovich, Benchenane, & Arleo, 2011)

Spatial Cognition:

(Martinet, Sheynikhovich, Benchenane, & Arleo, 2011)

Environmental Perception:

“The underlying rationale for environmental perception and behavioral research

lies in the assertion that understanding the geography of space and place

requires knowledge of the way in which people experience, perceive, organize,

and ascribe meaning to information about the environment, as well as how

people act upon this information. Often this research seeks to identify general

patterns of perceptions, cognition, and action common to all humans, or to

members of particular social groups.” (Aitken, Cutter, Foote, & Sell, 1989)

Environmental Perception:

The study of how the brain perceives the environment… spatially…

Influencers of EP – auditory perception, depth perception, visual perception

very unsafe

very safe

Where do you feel safe?

Where do you spend your time?

What is your activity space?

(Lopez & Lukinbeal, 2010)

(Curtis, 2012)

EP:

Environmental Perception:

Garfield Police Officer Response

Garfield Resident Response

(Lopez & Lukinbeal, 2010)

Environmental Perception:

What would you define as your personal neighborhood?

Would your best friend agree with you?

Is their a systematic way to define a geographic neighborhood?

Is the neighborhood based on environmental perception?

The Research:

I. A Collaborative Effort

II. The NSF Grant

I. The Dissertation Project

The presentation is in association with the research supported by the National Science Foundation Human and Social Dynamics program under Award No. SES-0433947, and Research Experience for Undergraduates Award No. SES-0506894. Any

opinions, findings, and conclusions or reconditions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.

The Research:Dissertation Goals:

To codify all data and aggregate it for both statistical analysis and spatial analysis Survey data, cognitive maps, & background GIS data

To statistically test individual variables that contain significance in regards to spatial cognition & environmental perception Gender, age, education, location, & activity space

To create cognitive-psychological profiles based on statistical findings

To lead the discussion on the future of spatial cognition and how technology will influence it

https://images.google.com

The Research:

The data consists of three parts, from three sample areas

Survey Collection

Demographics (Census 2000)

Cognitive “Mental” Maps

Mexicans

(Lopez & Lukinbeal, 2010)

The Research:Garfield, Phoenix – Sample 1

Total Population = 9,935

Surveys Collected = 388https://maps.google.com

The Research:Garfield

The Research:Pilsen, Chicago – Sample 2

Total Population = 33,783

Surveys Collected = 400https://maps.google.com

The Research:Pilsen

The Research:Little Havana, Miami – Sample 3

Total Population = 54,646

Surveys Collected = 400https://maps.google.com

The Research:Little Havana

The Research:

Recap of project

Introduction

Literature Review

Methodology

Results

Discussion

Cognitive Mapping and the Effect of Technology: Moore’s Law states that over the history of computers that integrated circuits and transistors

double approximately every two years. - Meaning that computing capacity is growing at an

extremely fast rate!

www.images.google.com

Cognitive Mapping and the Effect of Technology: How does the brain store, process, and code spatial environments that are virtual or augmented?

https://images.google.com , https://www.safe.com , www.https://emotiv.com/epoc.php

References:• Aitken, S. C., Cutter, S. L., Foote, K. E., & Sell, J. L. (1989). Environmental perception and behavioral geography. In G. L. Gaile & C. J. Wilmott (Eds.), Geography in America (pp. 218-238). Columbus: Merrill

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Spatial Cognition, Environmental Perception, & the Future of Modern Technology

Audience Online Survey

PollEv.com/nikolassmilo937

To Follow the Project Connect with me on LinkedIn

A PhD Dissertation & Future Research, January 2016

https://www.linkedin.com/in/nikolas-smilovsky-gisp-a831511b