Spanish Headstart for Spain Cultural Notes

8/9/2019 Spanish Headstart for Spain Cultural Notes

1/39

SPANISHHEADSTART FOR SPAIN

Cultural Notes


2/39

ONTENTS

Geography

C1imate

2

History

3

Language

Food

8

Mea1s and Between

11

Beverages

11

Bu11fight ing

14

Sports

15

Fes t iva s

18

Sightseeing

2

ONTENTS

Geography

C1imate

2

History

3

Language

Food

8

Mea1s and Between

11

Beverages

11

Bu11fight ing

14

Sports

15

Fes t iva s

18

Sightseeing

2


3/39

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4/39

eography

Spain l i e s between

two

con t inen t s - -Europe

and

Afr ica- -and between

two

bodies

of wa te r -

the

Mediterranean

Sea and

the

Atlan t ic

Ocean.

The

second

l a rg e s t count ry in Western Europe

occupies f ive -s ix ths of the Ibe r i an

peninsula

which

t shares with Portugal and with the

two-square-mile B r i t i sh

colony

o f Gibra l t a r .

The jagged

wal l

of the Pyrenees Mountains

sepa ra t e s nor theas t e rn Spain

and

France and the

independent pr inc ipa l i t y

o f

Andorra. o

the

west

i s

Portuga l

and

to

the sou th

e igh t

miles

across the s t r a i t s and

c l e a r l y

v i s i b l e

l i e s

Africa . The ~ t l a n t i c

with i t s Bay

o f

Biscay

and

the

Mediterranean with

i t s Balear ic

Sea

border

a l l but the 280-mile-wide isthmus jo in ing

Spain to the

r e s t

of Europe.

F i f t y percen t o f the a rea o f

peninsula r

Spain cons i s t s o f an a r i d t ab le land the Meseta

almost

t o t a l l y

enclosed

by

the

high

Sie r ras

o f

Guadarrama and Gredos and the mountains of

Toledo.

Other

peaks r i s i n g

abrupt ly from

narrow bands

o f

coas ta l lowlands

en c i r c l e

the

i n t e r i o r o f the country .

eography

Spain l i e s between

two

con t inen t s - -Europe

and

Afr ica- -and between

two

bodies

of wa te r -

the

Mediterranean

Sea and

the

Atlan t ic

Ocean.

The

second

l a rg e s t count ry in Western Europe

occupies f ive -s ix ths of the Ibe r i an

peninsula

which

t shares with Portugal and with the

two-square-mile B r i t i sh

colony

o f Gibra l t a r .

The jagged

wal l

of the Pyrenees Mountains

sepa ra t e s nor theas t e rn Spain

and

France and the

independent pr inc ipa l i t y

o f

Andorra. o

the

west

i s

Portuga l

and

to

the sou th

e igh t

miles

across the s t r a i t s and

c l e a r l y

v i s i b l e

l i e s

Africa . The ~ t l a n t i c

with i t s Bay

o f

Biscay

and

the

Mediterranean with

i t s Balear ic

Sea

border

a l l but the 280-mile-wide isthmus jo in ing

Spain to the

r e s t

of Europe.

F i f t y percen t o f the a rea o f

peninsula r

Spain cons i s t s o f an a r i d t ab le land the Meseta

almost

t o t a l l y

enclosed

by

the

high

Sie r ras

o f

Guadarrama and Gredos and the mountains of

Toledo.

Other

peaks r i s i n g

abrupt ly from

narrow bands

o f

coas ta l lowlands

en c i r c l e

the

i n t e r i o r o f the country .
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rio_Tietar.JPG


5/39

elim te

Like

i t s numerous mountain ranges , S p a i n s

r i ve r system inc lud ing

the four

l a rge s t r i ve r s -

the Tajo Ebro Duero

and

Guadalqu iv i r - -d iv ides

the

country

i n to

a

number

of regions .

In

one

o f

these

d i s t i n c t i v e

sec to rs , the aus te re Cas t i l i an

high lands ,

l i e s Madrid

Spa in s capi ta l c i t y .

In add i t ion to the mainland Spanish

t e r r i

to ry comprises the Balear ic

and

Canary Is lands

and the

s t r a t e g i c Moroccan

enclaves

o f Ceuta

and

Mel i l l a .

elim te

Pro tec t ive mountain ba r r i e r s and the warm

ing

e f f e c t s of the

nor thern gu l f s t ream and

Mediterranean cur ren t s moderate

Spa in s

four

c l imat ic

zones:

the nor th and

northwest ;

the

cen t ra l pla teau; the

southernmost

region; and

the

Mediterranean

coas t .

Abundant year-round r a i n f a l l lends a

deep

green co lo r to nor thern pas tu re s

and meadowlands.

Seasonal

t empera tu res

vary only s l i gh t ly ;

winters are

mild

surnrners cool .

The cen t ra l t ab l e l and ex h ib i t s wide c l imat ic

v a r i a t i o n s , both during the course o f a s ing le

day and

seasona l ly .

Here

as

in o ther

high

e leva t ions ,

raw

winters a re

cha rac te r i zed by

snowstorms and pene t ra t ing winds. During the

dry

s u ~ ~ e r s many Madri leos seek r e l i e f on the

elim te

Like

i t s numerous mountain ranges , S p a i n s

r i ve r system inc lud ing

the four

l a rge s t r i ve r s -

the Tajo Ebro Duero

and

Guadalqu iv i r - -d iv ides

the

country

i n to

a

number

of regions .

In

one

o f

these

d i s t i n c t i v e

sec to rs , the aus te re Cas t i l i an

high lands ,

l i e s Madrid

Spa in s capi ta l c i t y .

In add i t ion to the mainland Spanish

t e r r i

to ry comprises the Balear ic

and

Canary Is lands

and the

s t r a t e g i c Moroccan

enclaves

o f Ceuta

and

Mel i l l a .

elim te

Pro tec t ive mountain ba r r i e r s and the warm

ing

e f f e c t s of the

nor thern gu l f s t ream and

Mediterranean cur ren t s moderate

Spa in s

four

c l imat ic

zones:

the nor th and

northwest ;

the

cen t ra l pla teau; the

southernmost

region; and

the

Mediterranean

coas t .

Abundant year-round r a i n f a l l lends a

deep

green co lo r to nor thern pas tu re s

and meadowlands.

Seasonal

t empera tu res

vary only s l i gh t ly ;

winters are

mild

surnrners cool .

The cen t ra l t ab l e l and ex h ib i t s wide c l imat ic

v a r i a t i o n s , both during the course o f a s ing le

day and

seasona l ly .

Here

as

in o ther

high

e leva t ions ,

raw

winters a re

cha rac te r i zed by

snowstorms and pene t ra t ing winds. During the

dry

s u ~ ~ e r s many Madri leos seek r e l i e f on the


6/39

istory

From preh is to ry

on, many d i f f e r e n t peoples-

from the M edi te r ranean s

shores ,

Northern Afr ica

and

Europe--have invaded

and

inhabi ted Spain .

Early

i nhab i t an t s , pa le o l i t h i c hunters

15,000

B.C.) o f Altamira ,

pa inted

near ly l i f e

s i zed deer and bison

on cave

wal l s .

I so la ted

by

the mountain

r idges

of the Pyrenees ,

a

race

o f

myste r ious o r i g i n s , the Basques,

has

continued

to preserve i t s

unique customs

and

language

for

thousands

of years .

istory

From preh is to ry

on, many d i f f e r e n t peoples-

from the M edi te r ranean s

shores ,

Northern Afr ica

and

Europe--have invaded

and

inhabi ted Spain .

Early

i nhab i t an t s , pa le o l i t h i c hunters

15,000

B.C.) o f Altamira ,

pa inted

near ly l i f e

s i zed deer and bison

on cave

wal l s .

I so la ted

by

the mountain

r idges

of the Pyrenees ,

a

race

o f

myste r ious o r i g i n s , the Basques,

has

continued

to preserve i t s

unique customs

and

language

for

thousands

of years .
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cova_d%27en_Daina2.JPG


7/39

lstory

Of a l l

the invaders ,

only

the

Romans

were

ab le

to

conquer most

o f

the

peninsula ,

which

they named

Hispan ia .

In the second century B.C.

Rome began a lengthy co lon iza t ion t ha t t r a ns

formed

loca l

laws p o l i t i c s

and

language and

es tab l i shed C h r i s t i a n i t y as the dominant r e l i

gion.

Six

hundred

years

of romanizat ion ended

when the

monarchs

o f the semic iv i l i z ea

Visigoths founded a

kingdom ru led

froro Toledo.

Roman bndge Alava

In 711 invaders from North Africa , the

Moors

of

mixed

Syrian , Egyptian

and

Berber

lstory

Of

a l l the invaders ,

only

the

Romans were

ab le

to

conquer most

of

the

peninsula ,

which

they named Hispania . In the

second century

B.C.

Rome began a lengthy co lon iza t ion t ha t t r a ns

formed

loca l

laws p o l i t i c s

and

language and

es tab l i shed C h r i s t i a n i t y

as

the dominant

r e l i

gion.

Six

hundred years

of romanizat ion

ended

when the monarchs

o f

the semic iv i l ized

Visigoths

founded

a kingdom ru led

froro

Toledo.

Roman bridge Alava

In 711

invaders from

North

Africa ,

the

Moors

of

mixed

Syrian , Egyptian

and

Berber

Photo: TXODate:September 2008

Public Domain
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Puente_de_Trespuentes.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Puente_de_Trespuentes.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Puente_de_Trespuentes.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Puente_de_Trespuentes.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Puente_de_Trespuentes.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Puente_de_Trespuentes.JPG


8/39

By

the s ix teen th cen tu ry , Spain

exe rc i s ing

the

rnight

o f

the Hapsburg Ernpire was the rnost

powerful

na t ion

in

Europe.

Along

with

t ha t

power

carne

the

grea t

exp lora to ry exped i t ions

in to the

New

World

and

the

P ac i f i c .

The

conquis tadores

clairns

fo r

rnost

o f

South and

Cent ra l

America

c rea t ed

irnrnense weal th

in

precious rnetals

and pro f i t s

in

t r ade , but

no

t r u e

econornic

growth. In 1588 l e s s than

a

cen tu ry a f t e r the discovery o f America v io len t

storrns and

B r i t i sh gal l eons swept the supposedly

inv inc ib le Spanish Armada

frorn

the

seas .

By

the

seven teen th cen tu ry , plagues and

unceas ing

rn i l i ta ry

campaigns

had drained

C a s t il e s

t r easu ry . In

1700

the

death

o f

Charles

11,

l a s t

of the

Hapsburg

ru l e r s , brought

about the War of Spanish

Success ion

in which the

House of Bourbon eventua l ly

carne

to

Madrid frorn

France. I t was dur ing

t h i s

dynas t i c change

t ha t

Spain

l o s t near ly a l l

her European possess ions .

lstory

By

the

s ix teen th cen tu ry , Spain

exe rc i s ing

the rnight

o f the

Hapsburg Ernpire was the rnost

powerful na t ion

in Europe. Along with

t ha t

power

carne

the

grea t

exp lora to ry exped i t ions

in to the

New

World

and

the

P ac i f i c .

The

conquis tadores

clairns

fo r

rnost

o f

South and

Cent ra l

America

c rea t ed irnrnense

weal th

in

precious rnetals

and

pro f i t s in

t r ad e , but

no

t r u e

econornic

growth. In 1588 l e s s than a

century a f t e r the

discovery

of

America v io l en t

storrns and

B r i t i sh gal l eons swept the supposedly

inv inc ib le

Spanish

Armada frorn the

seas .

By the seven teen th cen tu ry , plagues and

unceas ing

rn i l i ta ry

campaigns

had drained

C a s t il e s

t r easu ry . In 1700 the death

of

Charles 11,

l a s t

of the

Hapsburg

ru l e r s , brought

about the War of Spanish Success ion in which the

House of Bourbon eventua l ly carne to

Madrid frorn

France.

I t

was dur ing

t h i s dynas t i c

change

t ha t

Spain

l o s t

near ly

a l l

her

European

possess ions .

lstory
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Estatua_de_El_Cid_cropped.jpg


9/39

anguage

century l a t e r Spain became embroi led

in

the Napoleonic

Wars, and

Napoleon 's

bro the r ,

Joseph,

was

placed on the Spanish th rone

(1808-1814).

The

Bourbon monarchy

was

r e s to red

only a f t e r

the long

campaign

of the Peninsular

War.

This century

a l so saw

the

r e vo l t and inde

pendence

of the

American

colonies

th ree

C ar l i s t

Wars

waged

over

the

i s sue

of succession the

br i e f ous t ing of the

monarchy and

the

es t ab l i s h

ment of the

s ho r t - l i ve d

F i r s t

Republ ic economic

s tagnat ion

and f i na l l y

t he Spanish-American

War (1898),

in which Spain l o s t

Cuba,

Puerto Rico

and

the Phi l ipp ines to the

United

Sta t e s .

Neutral in

World War

1 ,

Spain

subsequent ly

su f fe red

from

economic, po l i t i c a l and soc ia l

c r i s e s a t t r i bu t ed to lack

of

governmental

author i ty . The Second Republ ic , dominated

by

i nc reas inq l e f t - r i gh t pola r i za t ion , culminated

in

the

l e f t i s t

Popular

Fron t

e l ec to r a l

v ic to ry

in 1936.

In t e rna l pres su res coupled

with

unchecked

vio lence led

to

the

outbreak

of the

Spanish

Civ i l

War in 1936. Following the

v ic to ry

o f hi s

Na t iona l i s t fo rces , General

Francisco

Franco

ru led a nat ion exhausted

p o l i t i c a l l y and

econom

i c a l l y . Spa in s economy did

not

begin

to recover

u n t i l the

l a t e

1940 s . In the ea r ly 1950 s , the

Spanish nat ion opened up a new model o f

economic

progress

by

agree ing

to

es t ab l i s h

U.S.

mil i t a ry

bases . Massive

modernizat ion and development

were postponed u n t i l the 1960 s .

anguage

century l a t e r Spain became embroi led

in

the Napoleonic

Wars, and

Napoleon 's

bro the r ,

Joseph,

was

placed on the Spanish th rone

(1808-1814).

The

Bourbon monarchy

was

r e s to red

only a f t e r

the long

campaign

of the Peninsular

War.

This century

a l so saw

the

r e vo l t and inde

pendence

of the

American

colonies

th ree

C ar l i s t

Wars

waged

over

the

i s sue

of succession the

br i e f ous t ing of the

monarchy and

the

es t ab l i s h

ment of the

s ho r t - l i ve d

F i r s t

Republ ic economic

s tagnat ion

and f i na l l y

t he Spanish-American

War (1898),

in which Spain l o s t

Cuba,

Puerto Rico

and

the Phi l ipp ines to the

United

Sta t e s .

Neutral in

World War

1 ,

Spain

subsequent ly

su f fe red

from

economic, po l i t i c a l and soc ia l

c r i s e s a t t r i bu t ed to lack

of

governmental

author i ty . The Second Republ ic , dominated

by

i nc reas inq l e f t - r i gh t pola r i za t ion , culminated

in

the

l e f t i s t

Popular

Fron t

e l ec to r a l

v ic to ry

in 1936.

In t e rna l pres su res coupled

with

unchecked

vio lence led

to

the

outbreak

of the

Spanish

Civ i l

War in 1936. Following the

v ic to ry

o f hi s

Na t iona l i s t fo rces , General

Francisco

Franco

ru led a nat ion exhausted

p o l i t i c a l l y and

econom

i c a l l y . Spa in s economy did

not

begin

to recover

u n t i l the

l a t e

1940 s . In the ea r ly 1950 s , the

Spanish nat ion opened up a new model o f

economic

progress

by

agree ing

to

es t ab l i s h

U.S.

mil i t a ry

bases . Massive

modernizat ion and development

were postponed u n t i l the 1960 s .


10/39

With

s l i gh t modi f ica t ions in

usage

Spanish

Cast i l ian) serves as

the

o f f i c i a l , primary o r

secondary language of

250

mil l ion

people

in

Spain;

most

o f

the

Ant i l l e s ; pa r t s o f Afr ica

and

anguage

o

Castile

_/

Leon

Oj

Kingdom

o

oledo

C STILE

i

)

KING OM OF FR NCE

CROWN

O

q Baleares

With

s l i gh t modi f ica t ions in

usage

Spanish

Cast i l ian) serves as

the

o f f i c i a l , primary o r

secondary language of

250

mil l ion

people

in

Spain;

most

o f

the

Ant i l l e s ; pa r t s o f Afr ica

and

anguage

Castile around the year 1400 Image: Tyk and GabagoolDate:26 July 2010

cc-by-sa-3.0
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.enhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.enhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svg


11/39

ood

Melodious

Gal ic ian ,

with four

d ia l e c t s

corresponding

to

G a l i c i a s four

prov inces ,

resembles

Portuguese. Used by about two

rn i l l ion

people

in

ru ra l

areas

and

pr imar i ly

with in the

farni ly

t i s not being formal ly passed

on

to

the nex t

genera t ion .

The

four th

language

o f

Spain

bear ing

no

ood

Melodious

Gal ic ian ,

with four

d ia l e c t s

corresponding

to

G a l i c i a s four

prov inces ,

resembles

Portuguese. Used by about two

rn i l l ion

people

in

ru ra l

areas

and

pr imar i ly

with in the

farni ly

t i s not being formal ly passed

on

to

the nex t genera t ion

The

four th

language

o f

Spain

bear ing

no

Photo: Jim AnzaloneDate: 5 Mar 2009

cc-by-sa-2.0Fishing Boats, Laxe, Galicia
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fishing_Boats_Galicia_Spain.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fishing_Boats_Galicia_Spain.jpghttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/deed.enhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fishing_Boats_Galicia_Spain.jpghttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/deed.enhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fishing_Boats_Galicia_Spain.jpg


12/39

pimentos,

are found

a l l over

the

country .

Valencia

i s known

fo r the

t a s t i e s t

vers ion made

with

pork, chicken o r

seafood.

Squid

(ca lamares ) , a t

t he i r

bes t

in

the Basque

count ry and

Cata lonia

are a l

so

ea ten in othe r

regions .

Cut t l e f i sh are

f requent ly

prepared in

dark

sauce o f

t h e i r

own

ink o r

cut

up and

f r i ed

c r i sp .

Gazpacho i s an

uncooked soup

o f

Andalusian

or ig ine

Oil

and vinegar are combined

with

f ine ly s t r a ined

tomatoes,

gar l i c cucumber,

green

peppers

and onion. Garnished with

crou-

t ons

the c h i l l e d blend makes

re f re sh ing

r epas t

on

hot days .

Spanish

cooks prepare legumes in var i e ty

of

ways. Madrid s spec ia l stew (cocido) ,

made

with

ch ick

peas

and

bee f

chicken o r bacon, i s meal

in

i t s e l f

when

ea ten

with bread and glass

of

wine.

Astur ians

favor simple

cassou le t

o f

white beans with s a l t pork and sausage (fabada)

and Basques choose peppery sausage (chorizo)

s tewed with

red o r

white beans .

ood

pimentos,

are found

a l l over

the

country .

Valencia

i s known

fo r the

t a s t i e s t

vers ion made

with

pork, chicken o r

seafood.

Squid

(ca lamares ) , a t

t he i r

bes t

in

the Basque

count ry and

Cata lonia

are a l

so

ea ten in othe r

regions .

Cut t l e f i sh are

f requent ly

prepared in

dark

sauce o f

t h e i r

own

ink o r

cut

up and

f r i ed

c r i sp .

Gazpacho i s an

uncooked soup

o f

Andalusian

or ig ine

Oil

and vinegar are combined

with

f ine ly s t r a ined

tomatoes,

gar l i c cucumber,

green

peppers

and onion. Garnished with

crou-

t ons

the c h i l l e d blend makes

re f re sh ing

r epas t

on

hot days .

Spanish

cooks prepare legumes in var i e ty

of

ways. Madrid s spec ia l stew (cocido) ,

made

with

ch ick

peas

and

bee f

chicken o r bacon, i s meal

in

i t s e l f

when

ea ten

with bread and glass

of

wine.

Astur ians

favor simple

cassou le t

o f

white beans with s a l t pork and sausage (fabada)

and Basques choose peppery sausage (chorizo)

s tewed with

red o r

white beans .

ood
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Migas_en_Navas_de_Estena.jpg


13/39

ood

Mesn de Cndido, en Segovia (Castilla y Len, Espaa) Photo: ZaratemanDate: 23 Aug 2009

Public Domain CC0
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Segovia_-_Meson_de_Candido_2.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Segovia_-_Meson_de_Candido_2.jpghttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.enhttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.enhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Segovia_-_Meson_de_Candido_2.jpg


14/39

Meals and etween

Spaniards

genera l ly

ea t l a t e r than

othe r

na t i ona l i t i e s .

Spaniards

in the

South

o f

Spain

ea t

even

l a t e r

than

those

in

the

North.

In

ho te l s pat ron ized

by t o u r i s t s ,

t

i s now

poss ib l e to

order

breakfas t ,

usua l ly o f the

simple con t inen ta l var i e ty , as ear ly

as

8 a.m.

and as l a t e

as 11) .

Most

of ten , lunch, the

main meal of the day,

i s t aken

between and 4

Restaurants begin serving dinner a t 8:30 o r

9

p.m.

and s top

a t

midnight .

Many

cafes

o f fe r tempt ing snack s tapas) for

those who f ind t hard to hold out

un t i l

sched-

uled meal t imes . Seafood i s the

most

common,

but

sandwiches and severa l va r i e t i e s o f sausage

can be purchased as

wel l .

With a l l

o f

these ,

Spaniards

dr ink

wine

or beer .

everages

Wlne

Wines

as

va r i ed as the

topography and c l imate

of the

country enhance the midday and

evening

meals of most

Spaniards .

Nowhere e l s e

in

the

world i s wine so

av a i l ab l e ,

so s t rong and st ll

so

inexpens ive .

The major i ty of

wines

are regiona l and are

found

only

in

the a rea o t h e i r product ion.

Meals and etween

Spaniards

genera l ly

ea t l a t e r than

othe r

na t i ona l i t i e s .

Spaniards

in the

South

o f

Spain

ea t

even

l a t e r

than

those

in

the

North.

In

ho te l s pat ron ized

by t o u r i s t s ,

t

i s now

poss ib l e to

order

breakfas t ,

usua l ly o f the

simple con t inen ta l var i e ty , as ear ly

as

8 a.m.

and as l a t e

as 11) .

Most

of ten , lunch, the

main meal of the day,

i s t aken

between and 4

Restaurants begin serving dinner a t 8:30 o r

9

p.m.

and s top

a t

midnight .

Many

cafes

o f fe r tempt ing snack s tapas) for

those who f ind t hard to hold out

un t i l

sched-

uled meal t imes . Seafood i s the

most

common,

but

sandwiches and severa l va r i e t i e s o f sausage

can be purchased as

wel l .

With a l l

o f

these ,

Spaniards

dr ink

wine

or beer .

everages

Wlne

Wines

as

va r i ed as the

topography and c l imate

of the

country enhance the midday and

evening

meals of most

Spaniards .

Nowhere e l s e

in

the

world i s wine so

av a i l ab l e ,

so s t rong and st ll

so

inexpens ive .

The major i ty of

wines

are regiona l and are

found

only

in

the a rea o t h e i r product ion.


15/39

Beverages

and

moscate l ,

savory a f t e r dinner , are produced

from sweet

grapes grown in Andalusia .

Local ly produced wine vino cor r ien te i s

sold

inexpensively in

wine

s to res

bodegas),

s t r a igh t

from

the

ba r r e l .

The house wine o

r es tau ran t s vino de l a casa , served

from

a

p i t che r ,

i s usua l ly o f

r e l i a b l e qua l i ty and

cos t s l e ss

than

i t s bo t t l ed equivalente

She y

Sherry i s made only from vines grown in the

chalky s o i l of the

province

of Cadiz, ch ie f ly

around

the town o f Jerez de

la Fontera .

So-

ca l l ed

sher r ies

from o ther coun t r i e s a re imi t a -

t i ons .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cata-BrandyJerez-UCA.JPG


16/39

randies and Liqueurs

Both domest ic

f i rms

and

companies under

l i cense

from

d i s t l l l e r i e s

i n o the r coun t r i e s

produce

brand ies

(coac) and

l i queurs ( l icores )

in huge qua n t i t i e s .

Brandy, f av o r i t e

dr ink o f o lde r Spaniards ,

i s qu i te

sweet . Well-known brands are

Fundador,

Domecq and Soberano,

which

i s the dr i e s t of the

th ree . Esteemed Lepanto and Carlos Primero

cos t cons iderab ly more.

Beverages

randies and Liqueurs

Both domest ic

f i rms

and

companies under

l i cense

from

d i s t l l l e r i e s

i n o the r coun t r i e s

produce

brand ies

(coac) and

l i queurs ( l icores )

in huge qua n t i t i e s .

Brandy, f av o r i t e

dr ink o f o lde r Spaniards ,

i s qu i te

sweet . Well-known brands are

Fundador,

Domecq and Soberano,

which

i s the dr i e s t of the

th ree . Esteemed Lepanto and Carlos Primero

cos t cons iderab ly more.

Beverages
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Granada_Spain_Bar.jpg


17/39

Bullflghtlng

Other Drinks

Sangria

i s the summer beverage favored

by

Madri leos . This cool ing

mixture

i s prepared

with wine,

water

and

s l i c e s

of

orange

o r

lemon

sweetened with

sugar o r

l iqueur .

Astur ians

press

two grades

o f

c ider s idra)

from apples in

the

orchards of

the

North. Local

c id e r bars cedre r is ) ,

serve

the rough and

inexpensive st ll

form

by aera t ing t in to

qla sse s from

an

overhead bo t t l e . Sidra cham

paa, a more

r e f ined ,

sparkl ing

vers ion i s

bo t t l ed

and

sold

in

res t au ran t s ,

bars

and

wine

shops

throughout the

country .

Horchata

i s

an

immensely popular nonalcoholic

dr ink .

Outdoor

cafes

ca l l ed h o r c h t e r ~ s spe

c i a l i z e in serv ing

t h i s

milkl ike l i b a t i c n made

with

ground ear th almonds

chufas) o r r e a l

almonds.

Coca-Cola,

Pepsi-Cola

and Fanta

are

widely

ava i lab le in bo t t l e s

or

in canso

Tri -Nara jus ,

in lemon

and

orange f l avors , i s a re f re sh ing

noncarbonated

dr ink .

Nowadays

water

in Spain , a t

l ea s t

in the

l a rg e r towns,

i8

per fec t ly wholesome.

Never

t h e l e s s , most Spaniards

apprec ia te

the

tang

and

f reshness

o f

mineral water agua

mineral ) ,which

i s ava i lab le with carbonat ion con gas)

o r

without

s in gas) .

Bullflghtlng

Other Drinks

Sangria

i s the summer beverage favored

by

Madri leos . This cool ing

mixture

i s prepared

with wine,

water

and

s l i c e s

of

orange

o r

lemon

sweetened with

sugar o r

l iqueur .

Astur ians

press

two grades

o f

c ider s idra)

from apples in

the

orchards of

the

North. Local

c id e r bars cedre r is ) ,

serve

the rough and

inexpensive st ll

form

by aera t ing t in to

qla sse s from

an

overhead bo t t l e . Sidra cham

paa, a more

r e f ined ,

sparkl ing

vers ion i s

bo t t l ed

and

sold

in

res t au ran t s ,

bars

and

wine

shops

throughout the

country .

Horchata

i s

an

immensely popular nonalcoholic

dr ink .

Outdoor

cafes

ca l l ed h o r c h t e r ~ s spe

c i a l i z e in serv ing

t h i s

milkl ike l i b a t i c n made

with

ground ear th almonds

chufas) o r r e a l

almonds.

Coca-Cola,

Pepsi-Cola

and Fanta

are

widely

ava i lab le in bo t t l e s

or

in canso

Tri -Nara jus ,

in lemon

and

orange f l avors , i s a re f re sh ing

noncarbonated

dr ink .

Nowadays

water

in Spain , a t

l ea s t

in the

l a rg e r towns,

i8

per fec t ly wholesome.

Never

t h e l e s s , most Spaniards

apprec ia te

the

tang

and

f reshness

o f

mineral water agua

mineral ) ,which

i s ava i lab le with carbonat ion con gas)

o r

without

s in gas) .


18/39

l ances ,

the bander i l los fu r the r

weaken

the

animal by implant ing wooden s t i c k s

t ipped

with

s t e e l poin t s in h i s

f l e sh .

Las t

comes the

matador,

dressed in

g l i t t e r -

ing s u i t o f l i gh t s ( t r a j e de

luces ) ,

to

dispa tch

h i s spec ia l ly bred

opponent .

After p laying the

beas t with

red

cape (muleta) , the matador

plunges

h is

shor t sword (estoque) in to the neck.

The

f i r s t t h rus t ,

the moment o f t r u th ,

should

k i l I .

ports

l ances ,

the bander i l los fu r the r

weaken

the

animal by implant ing wooden s t i c k s

t ipped

with

s t e e l poin t s in h i s

f l e sh .

Las t

comes the

matador,

dressed in

g l i t t e r -

ing s u i t o f l i gh t s ( t r a j e de

luces ) ,

to

dispa tch

h i s spec ia l ly bred

opponent .

After p laying the

beas t with

red

cape (muleta) , the matador

plunges

h is

shor t sword (estoque) in to the neck.

The

f i r s t t h rus t ,

the moment o f t r u th ,

should

k i l I .

ports
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PZ8312_Corrida_de_Toros,_Barcelona,_Catalonia,_Spain,_1890s.jpg


19/39

ports

Hunting

and

f i sh ing in Spain

be t t e r

provided

with

game

than

any othe r

count ry

in

Western

Europe

are

popular past imes . Of

the

biq game

deer i s the most

p l en t i fu l .

Smaller game espe-

c i a l l y red par t r idge , i s of ten shot by the hun-

dreds in

organized

dr ives .

Salmon i s found

in

many st reams in the North

ports

Hunting

and

f i sh ing in Spain

be t t e r

provided

with

game

than

any othe r

count ry

in

Western

Europe

are

popular past imes . Of

the

biq game

deer i s the most

p l en t i fu l .

Smaller game espe-

c i a l l y red par t r idge , i s of ten shot by the hun-

dreds in

organized

dr ives .

Salmon i s found

in

many st reams in the North

The Quail Shoot - Oil on canvas, 290 x 226 cm Museo del Prado, MadridFrancisco de Goya - 1775 Public Domain
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Goya_Shoot.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Goya_Shoot.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Goya_Shoot.jpg


20/39

grouped under the Federacin Espaola de

Montaismo, an

a f f i l i a t e o f

the

American

Alpine

Club.

Every

year more and

more

en thus ias t s f requent

the pen insu la s four main ski a reas - - the

Spanish

Pyrenees , the Cord i l l e ra Cantabr ica , the moun

t a ins around

Madrid and

the southern

Sie r ra

Nevada.

Winter

r e so r t s

of f e r

a l l

the amenit ies ,

usua l ly a t

modest pr ices .

Soccer , ca l led

f ~ t b o l

i s

avidly

enjoyed,

both as

a

rec rea t iona l

ac t i v i t y and

as

a

spec ta

t o r

spor t . During

the

sea son fans pack Spa in s

modern s tadiums- -Madr id s being one

of

the

l a rges t in the

world-- to

watch the

s k i l l f u l

plays o f

the

Real

Madrid

and other

teams.

Sports

grouped under the Federacin Espaola de

Montaismo, an

a f f i l i a t e o f

the

American

Alpine

Club.

Every

year more and

more

en thus ias t s f requent

the pen insu la s four main ski a reas - - the

Spanish

Pyrenees , the Cord i l l e ra Cantabr ica , the moun

t a ins around

Madrid and

the southern

Sie r ra

Nevada.

Winter

r e so r t s

of f e r

a l l

the amenit ies ,

usua l ly a t

modest pr ices .

Soccer , ca l led

f ~ t b o l

i s

avidly

enjoyed,

both as

a

rec rea t iona l

ac t i v i t y and

as

a

spec ta

t o r

spor t . During

the

sea son fans pack Spa in s

modern s tadiums- -Madr id s being one

of

the

l a rges t in the

world-- to

watch the

s k i l l f u l

plays o f

the

Real

Madrid

and other

teams.

Sports
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Campnoumatch.jpg


21/39

Festlvals

r ac ing

a

t r ad l t iona l Madrid pas t ime

a t t r a c t s

many fo l lowers

as

does the Formula

One

Grand

Prix he ld

a t

the Jarama

t r ack

j u s t outs ide

the

cap i t a l .

Every

day Spaniards buy

t i c k e t

s

for the

na t iona l

l o t t e ry from

s t r e e t vendors .

Winners

of the Christmas l o t t e r y El Gordo share ln

a

550-mi l l lon-peseta

pot to become i n s t an t

mil

l i ona i r e s .

Festivals

f i e s t a

i s

a hol iday

in

Spain a unique

blending

of the

fe s t ive and

r e l ig ious .

The c a l

endar

shows sorne

1 500 observed annua l ly in

d i f f e r en t par t s

of the count ry . Each

province

commemorates

i t s

own

re l ig ious ho l idays and

most towns and

v i l l ages

hold a t

l ea s t

one

annual

f i e s t a on

the

feas t

day

o f

t h e i r

pa t ron

s a in t .

Fourteen major

f e s t iva l s

of fe r ing

i ns igh t

in to

the

Spanish temperament

are

observed

nat ionwide.

n

t hese days bar

s

and

r e s t a u

ran t s remain

open shops of f i c e s

and banks are

closed .

Festlvals

r ac ing

a

t r ad l t iona l Madrid pas t ime

a t t r a c t s

many fo l lowers

as

does the Formula

One

Grand

Prix he ld

a t

the Jarama

t r ack

j u s t outs ide

the

cap i t a l .

Every

day Spaniards buy

t i c k e t

s

for the

na t iona l

l o t t e ry from

s t r e e t vendors .

Winners

of the Christmas l o t t e r y El Gordo share ln

a

550-mi l l lon-peseta

pot to become i n s t an t

mil

l i ona i r e s .

Festivals

f i e s t a

i s

a hol iday

in

Spain a unique

blending

of the

fe s t ive and

r e l ig ious .

The c a l

endar

shows sorne

1 500 observed annua l ly in

d i f f e r en t par t s

of the count ry . Each

province

commemorates

i t s

own

re l ig ious ho l idays and

most towns and

v i l l ages

hold a t

l ea s t

one

annual

f i e s t a on

the

feas t

day

o f

t h e i r

pa t ron

s a in t .

Fourteen major

f e s t iva l s

of fe r ing

i ns igh t

in to

the

Spanish temperament

are

observed

nat ionwide.

n

t hese days bar

s

and

r e s t a u

ran t s remain

open shops of f i c e s

and banks are

closed .
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Moros_y_cristianos.jpg


22/39

ew

Year s

Day.

January

l . The s t r e e t s

are

f i l l e d

with noise

and

ac t i v i t y

on

ew Year s

Eve. The

fo l lowing

day, fami l ies

e n j o y a

t r a d i -

t i ona l

meal

a t

home.

Epiphany.

January

6.

This ,

more than

Christmas, i s the day on which

the

Three

Kings

d i s t r i bu t e

t h e i r g i f t s to

ch i ld ren .

Sa in t Joseph s

Day.

March

19. Proces-

s ions

and bu l l f i gh t s

take

place dur ing the

day.

At

night

costumed ce lebran t s burn

fan tas t ic

f igures .

The

f a l l a s of

Valencia

i s

the

most

spec tacu la r express ion o f t h i s

hol iday.

Holy Thursday, Good Friday.

Var iab le

da tes .

Holy

Week

i s

noted

for e labora te proces -

s ions , espec ia l ly those in Sev i l l e , Val ladol id

and Burgos,

in which

pen i ten t s

bear re l ig ious

s t a tues

through

the s t r ee t s .

Corpus C h r i s t i

Day.

Var iab le date . Mag-

n i f i c e n t process ions

pass over carpe t s

o f

f lowers l a id in

the

s t r ee t s . Granada, Barcelona

ano Toledo

pay

homage to the Euchar i s t

with

pa r t i c u l a r fe rvor .

Labor Day. May l .

Off ic ia l s

recognize

contr ibut ions made by

working

people .

Saint

John s

Day. June

24.

Moors syrnbol-

i z ing

bad luck

perform burlesques in which they

are

put to death . The most

dramat ic

pre sen ta -

estivals

ew

Year s

Day.

January

l . The s t r e e t s

are

f i l l e d

with noise

and

ac t i v i t y

on

ew Year s

Eve. The

fo l lowing

day, fami l ies

e n j o y a

t r a d i -

t i ona l

meal

a t

home.

Epiphany.

January

6.

This ,

more than

Christmas, i s the day on which

the

Three

Kings

d i s t r i bu t e

t h e i r g i f t s to

ch i ld ren .

Sa in t Joseph s

Day.

March

19. Proces-

s ions

and bu l l f i gh t s

take

place dur ing the

day.

At

night

costumed ce lebran t s burn

fan tas t ic

f igures .

The

f a l l a s of

Valencia

i s

the

most

spec tacu la r express ion o f t h i s

hol iday.

Holy Thursday, Good Friday.

Var iab le

da tes .

Holy

Week

i s

noted

for e labora te proces -

s ions , espec ia l ly those in Sev i l l e , Val ladol id

and Burgos,

in which

pen i ten t s

bear re l ig ious

s t a tues

through

the s t r ee t s .

Corpus C h r i s t i

Day.

Var iab le date . Mag-

n i f i c e n t process ions

pass over carpe t s

o f

f lowers l a id in

the

s t r ee t s . Granada, Barcelona

ano Toledo

pay

homage to the Euchar i s t

with

pa r t i c u l a r fe rvor .

Labor Day. May l .

Off ic ia l s

recognize

contr ibut ions made by

working

people .

Saint

John s

Day. June

24.

Moors syrnbol-

i z ing

bad luck

perform burlesques in which they

are

put to death . The most

dramat ic

pre sen ta -

estivals


23/39

Slghtseeing

Christmas

Day.

Deeember

25.

n Christmas

Eve

almost everyone a t t ends

midnight

mass.

Famil ies

ga ther

toge the r on Chris tmas Day to

enjoy

seasonal foods.

ightseeing

Por the most

par t ,

Spa in s many a t t r a e t i ons

are f ree o r eos t

very

little Madrid, s i tua ted

a lmost square ly in the cen te r of the eountry ,

i s

a good s t a r t i n g point to

enjoy

the rnul t i tude o f

h i s to r i e

s i t e s , na tu ra l landseapes

and

qu ie t

v i l l ages found in

every

region.

The

Puerta

del Sol , M adrid s major cross -

roads , i s

named fo r an ea r ly

town ga te t ha t has

s ince

disappeared. Traf f ie

f lows

along t en

i n t e r s e c t i n g s t r ee t s ,

s ix

o f which l ead

in to

roads t ha t

extend

to the coun t ry s f ront ie r s .

Not

f a r

away, roya l ty

once

s taged bu l l f i gh t s

and ceremonial events in the

Plaza

Mayor. Today

plea san t

arcaded shops and

cafes fill

i t s vas t

expanse .

o

view

the

a r t

o f the

Prado Museum, an

old

and comprehensive

p ic tu re

ga l l e ry , t akes weeks.

Souaht-out

co l l ec t ions include those of the

p a ~ i s h

pa in te rs ,

es p ec i a l l y

Velasquez

and

Goya.

Masters from othe r eoun t r i e s

a re a l so

repre -

sented .

Slghtseeing

Christmas

Day.

Deeember

25.

n Christmas

Eve

almost everyone a t t ends

midnight

mass.

Famil ies

ga ther

toge the r on Chris tmas Day to

enjoy

seasonal foods.

ightseeing

Por the most

par t ,

Spa in s many a t t r a e t i ons

are f ree o r eos t

very

little Madrid, s i tua ted

a lmost square ly in the cen te r of the eountry ,

i s

a good s t a r t i n g point to

enjoy

the rnul t i tude o f

h i s to r i e

s i t e s , na tu ra l landseapes

and

qu ie t

v i l l ages found in

every

region.

The

Puerta

del Sol , M adrid s major cross -

roads , i s

named fo r an ea r ly

town ga te t ha t has

s ince

disappeared. Traf f ie

f lows

along t en

i n t e r s e c t i n g s t r ee t s ,

s ix

o f which l ead

in to

roads t ha t

extend

to the coun t ry s f ront ie r s .

Not

f a r

away, roya l ty

once

s taged bu l l f i gh t s

and ceremonial events in the

Plaza

Mayor. Today

plea san t

arcaded shops and

cafes fill

i t s vas t

expanse .

o

view

the

a r t

o f the

Prado Museum, an

old

and comprehensive

p ic tu re

ga l l e ry , t akes weeks.

Souaht-out

co l l ec t ions include those of the

p a ~ i s h

pa in te rs ,

es p ec i a l l y

Velasquez

and

Goya.

Masters from othe r eoun t r i e s

a re a l so

repre -

sented .
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Las_hilanderas_con_a%C3%B1adidos_de_mano_ajena,_by_Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez.jpg


24/39

wo more landmarks worth

v i s i t i n g are

the

Plaza de

Espana

with i t s Cervantes

Monument

dep ic t ing Don Quixote

and

Sancho Panza

and

the

IBOO-room

Royal

Palace,

now

used

by

King

Don

Carlos on

s t a t e

occas ions .

few

miles

northwest

o f

Madrid

l i e s

the

aus t e re Royal Monastery

o f

El Escor ia l , gran i t e

b u r i a l place

of

kings and queens

o f

Spain.

Nearby the former c h ie f -o f - s t a t e Genera l i ss imo

Francisco

Franco i s

i n t e r r e d

a t

the Valley

o f

the

Fal len

Monument ded ica ted to the v ic t ims

o f

the

Spanish

Civ i l

War.

Slghtseemg

wo more landmarks worth

v i s i t i n g are

the

Plaza de

Espana

with i t s Cervantes

Monument

dep ic t ing Don Quixote

and

Sancho Panza

and

the

IBOO-room

Royal

Palace,

now

used

by

King

Don

Carlos on

s t a t e

occas ions .

few

miles

northwest

o f

Madrid

l i e s

the

aus t e re Royal Monastery

o f

El Escor ia l , gran i t e

b u r i a l place

of

kings and queens

o f

Spain.

Nearby the former c h ie f -o f - s t a t e Genera l i ss imo

Francisco

Franco i s

i n t e r r e d

a t

the Valley

o f

the

Fal len

Monument ded ica ted to the v ic t ims

o f

the

Spanish

Civ i l

War.

Slghtseemg
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Avila_panoramica_nocturna.pnghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Avila_panoramica_nocturna.png


25/39

Slghtseelng

Two c i t i e s f ront the Bay

o f

Biscay:

Santander s l t e o f an i n t e rna t iona l

mUSlC f e s t i

va l , and Guernica famous fo r i t s des t ruc t ion in

the Civ i l

War.

h igh l igh t

o f Barcelona i s the

Gothic

Quarter ,

a

warren

o f

narrow s t r e e t s and old

churches . Kings

of

Aragon once

ru led from

a

palace on

the s i t e of the Plaza del Rey.

Nineteenth-century a rc h i t e c t

Antonio

Gaudi

and

h is fo l lowers

designed

many f a n t a s t i c bu i ld

ings

in

the

neo-Catalan

s ty l e .

Construct ion

on

the complex Church of the Sacred Family

begun

in 1882 i s

st underway.

Book s t a l l s and well-known landmarks l i n e

the Ramblas

a

success ion of

co lo r fu l

avenues

running from the wate r f ron t to Barce lona s

cen te r .

While pedes t r i ans s t r o l l down the t r e e

shaded middle

sec t ion ,

t r a f f i c roa rs by on

e i t h e r

s ide .
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:La_rambla2.jpg


26/39

Cala Bassa beaeh IbIza Baleanes

Slghtseelng

Cala Bassa beaeh IbIza Baleanes

Slghtseelng

Photo: Eduardo PittDate: 11 Jul 2006

cc-by-sa-2.0
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cala_Bassa_%28Ibiza%29_%28190295961%29.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cala_Bassa_%28Ibiza%29_%28190295961%29.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cala_Bassa_%28Ibiza%29_%28190295961%29.jpghttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/deed.enhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/deed.enhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cala_Bassa_%28Ibiza%29_%28190295961%29.jpg


27/39

Slghtseelng

The cha rac te r o f

old

Spain

i s r e ta ined in

the

s ide s t r e e t s

and

cobbled

plazas o f Mlaga.

Ancient f o r t i f i c a t i o n s on

the

e l eva ted

Gibra l fa ro

o f f e r

a

magni f icen t

view, on sorne

days

as

f a r down

the

coas t

as

G ib r a l t a r .

The

Alhambra

o f Granada,

palace o f

su l tans

and their

harems, di sp lays

the honeycombed wood

and s tucco decora t ions o f

Moorish

a r t i s a ns .

Gypsies st ll

perform

flamenco dances

in

mansionl ike caves

s i t u a t e d

high on the h i l l o f

the Sacromonte.

Slghtseelng

The cha rac te r o f

old

Spain

i s r e ta ined in

the

s ide s t r e e t s

and

cobbled

plazas o f Mlaga.

Ancient f o r t i f i c a t i o n s on

the

e l eva ted

Gibra l fa ro

o f f e r

a

magni f icen t

view, on sorne

days

as

f a r down

the

coas t

as

G ib r a l t a r .

The

Alhambra

o f Granada,

palace o f

su l tans

and their

harems, di sp lays

the honeycombed wood

and s tucco decora t ions o f

Moorish

a r t i s a ns .

Gypsies st ll

perform

flamenco dances

in

mansionl ike caves

s i t u a t e d

high on the h i l l o f

the Sacromonte.

Isidoro Marn Gares (Granada, 1863-1926)
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mar%EF%BF%BDGares_Isidoro_el_trato.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mar%EF%BF%BDGares_Isidoro_el_trato.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mar%EF%BF%BDGares_Isidoro_el_trato.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mar%EF%BF%BDGares_Isidoro_el_trato.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mar%EF%BF%BDGares_Isidoro_el_trato.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mar%EF%BF%BDGares_Isidoro_el_trato.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mar%EF%BF%BDGares_Isidoro_el_trato.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mar%EF%BF%BDGares_Isidoro_el_trato.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mar%EF%BF%BDGares_Isidoro_el_trato.jpg


28/39

Toledo s walls

mong

the

pr ice less re l ig ious ob jec t s s to red

in t he ca thedra l o f Toledo

both

a

Gothic

church

and a

museum

i s a

vessel fashioned

from

500 pounds

o f

golde

Every

day as for

hundreds

of yea rs

Mozarabic

fami l ies a t tend

a

mass

ce le

bra ted

in

the Vis igothic

manner.

Shoppmg

Toledo s walls

mong

the

pr ice less re l ig ious ob jec t s s to red

in t he ca thedra l o f Toledo

both

a

Gothic

church

and a

museum

i s a

vessel fashioned

from

500 pounds

o f

golde

Every

day as for

hundreds

of yea rs

Mozarabic

fami l ies a t tend

a

mass

ce le

bra ted

in

the Vis igothic

manner.

Shoppmg

Photo: DaderotDate: 19 Jun 2009Public Domain
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wall_near_Puente_de_Alcantara,_Toledo.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wall_near_Puente_de_Alcantara,_Toledo.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wall_near_Puente_de_Alcantara,_Toledo.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wall_near_Puente_de_Alcantara,_Toledo.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wall_near_Puente_de_Alcantara,_Toledo.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wall_near_Puente_de_Alcantara,_Toledo.JPG


29/39

hoppmg

l ea the r goods inc lud ing g loves handbags

and

shoes .

Toledo s damascene.

Toledo i s

t he

cen te r

for

damascened ware -

black s t ee l

i n l a id with gold

s i l v e r

and

copper

threads . Smaller i tems such

as

brace le t s and

pendants

make

good

g i f t s

to t ake home. Other

exper t jewelers c rea te d i s t i n c t i v e pieces from

Majorcan

p e a r l s

the

f i ne s t

a r t i f i c i a l

pear l s

in

the world.

Photo: DaderotDate:19 Jun 2009

Public Domain
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tourist_items,_Toledo.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tourist_items,_Toledo.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tourist_items,_Toledo.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tourist_items,_Toledo.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tourist_items,_Toledo.JPG


30/39

Even though Spain i s now the

f i f t h

most

i n d u s t r i a l i z e d

na t ion

in Europe

popular

hand i

c r a f t s

are st ll ob ta inab le . Many s to res s tock

c l a s s i c

Talavera

and

Muel

ceramics

which

can

a l so

be

purchased

in

the

towns o f

the

same

names. Valencia

produces handcraf ted wooden

fu rn i tu re in

a v a r i e t y

o f modes

and

Alican te

expor t s

i t s ex q u i s i t e handmade

toys a l l

over

the

world .

hoppmg


31/39

hoppmg

T ~ o cha ins a l e r i ~ s Preciados

and

El

Corte

Ing les

each

with

severa l s to res in Madrid

and

ou t l e t s

in o ther

major

c i t i e s of ten

s e l l

a t

pr ices l o w ~

than

owner-operated shops.

Celso Garcia i s the most exc lus ive o f

Madrid s

depar tment s tores .

El Corte Ingls in Vigo Photo: DantaddDate: 28 Feb 2007cc-by-2.5
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corteinglesvigo.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corteinglesvigo.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corteinglesvigo.jpghttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/deed.enhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/deed.enhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corteinglesvigo.jpg


32/39

ransportation

ralns

Spa in s t ranspor t a t ion

system

both

publ ic

and pr iva te , opera tes

on

a

l eve l

o f comfort and

e f f i c i ency

comparable to

those

found in o ther

European coun t r ies .

Most rou tes

of the

na t iona l Spanish

Sta te

Railways RENFE) rad ia t e from Madrid. The so le

except lon

i s

the

l i ne running from the

French

f ron t i e r

through

Barcelona

to

Alicante .

Rail

fares are

determined not

only by t he

d i s t ance t rave led ,

but

also by the

kind

of

t r a in

t r ave led

on.

Three kinds

o f

express t r a i n s -

d iese l

TALGOs

and

TERs

and e l e c t r i c

ELTs--charge

a

supplement per

ki lometer in addi t ion to the

regular

fare . TALGOs l i nk

Madrid with o ther

la rge c i t i e s .

ELTs

and TERs which serve

smal le r

c i t i e s as well ,

are

s lower and make more

s tops .

All

th ree

of f e r

f i r s t -

and

second-c lass

sea t ing and

s leeping

accornmodations.

ransportation

ralns

Spa in s t ranspor t a t ion

system

both

publ ic

and pr iva te , opera tes

on

a

l eve l

o f comfort and

e f f i c i ency

comparable to

those

found in o ther

European coun t r ies .

Most rou tes

of the

na t iona l Spanish

Sta te

Railways RENFE) rad ia t e from Madrid. The so le

except lon

i s

the

l i ne running from the

French

f ron t i e r

through

Barcelona

to

Alicante .

Rail

fares are

determined not

only by t he

d i s t ance t rave led ,

but

also by the

kind

of

t r a in

t r ave led

on.

Three kinds

o f

express t r a i n s -

d iese l

TALGOs

and

TERs

and e l e c t r i c

ELTs--charge

a

supplement per

ki lometer in addi t ion to the

regular

fare . TALGOs l i nk

Madrid with o ther

la rge c i t i e s .

ELTs

and TERs which serve

smal le r

c i t i e s as well ,

are

s lower and make more

s tops .

All

th ree

of f e r

f i r s t -

and

second-c lass

sea t ing and

s leeping

accornmodations.
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:05_063_Bf_C%C3%B3rdoba_C_%28alt%29,_Personenendwagen_Talgo_200.jpg


33/39

Telephone ervice

Most t r a i ns are equipped

with

snack ba r

s o r

dining ca rs . By

and l a r g e ,

ra i lway

personnel

speak only Spanish .

uses

n extens ive bus network l e s s expensive

than

ra i lways ,

serves many

places

not access ib le

by t r a in . C i t i e s and l a rg e r towns usua l ly have

depots

used

by

a l l bus companies.

In

hamlets

withou t c e n t r a l depo ts , buses belonging to any

o f seve ra l

companies

may

leave

from

d i f f e r e n t

loca t ions .

Advance

r ese rva t ions are not

requi red .

Planes

Ibe r i a

Ai r l ines , o f f e r i n g both

i n t e rna

t i o n a l

and domest ic

se rv ice , connects Madrid

with a l l

the

major

Spanish

c i t i e s .

This

a i r

l ine ,

which

opera tes

an hour ly

s hu t t l e

between

Madrid

and

Barcelona

a l so

schedules

f requent

f l i gh t s to and with in the Balear ics .

Aviaco

a small i n t e rn a l

company

dup l ica tes and

compliments many

o f I b e r i a s rou tes .

Telephone Service

Telephone ervice

Most t r a i ns are equipped

with

snack ba r

s o r

dining ca rs . By

and l a r g e ,

ra i lway

personnel

speak only Spanish .

uses

n extens ive bus network l e s s expensive

than

ra i lways ,

serves many

places

not access ib le

by t r a in . C i t i e s and l a rg e r towns usua l ly have

depots

used

by

a l l bus companies.

In

hamlets

withou t c e n t r a l depo ts , buses belonging to any

o f seve ra l

companies

may

leave

from

d i f f e r e n t

loca t ions .

Advance

r ese rva t ions are not

requi red .

Planes

Ibe r i a

Ai r l ines , o f f e r i n g both

i n t e rna

t i o n a l

and domest ic

se rv ice , connects Madrid

with a l l

the

major

Spanish

c i t i e s .

This

a i r

l ine ,

which

opera tes

an hour ly

s hu t t l e

between

Madrid

and

Barcelona

a l so

schedules

f requent

f l i gh t s to and with in the Balear ics .

Aviaco

a small i n t e rn a l

company

dup l ica tes and

compliments many

o f I b e r i a s rou tes .

Telephone Service


34/39

Currency

The

bas ic

monetary

un i t of p a ~ n

~ s

the

pese ta (p ta [ s ] ) . Bi l I s

c ~ r c u l a t e

in d e n o m ~ n a -

t i ons o f

100, 500,

1000

and

5000

pesetas .

Coins

are

minted in amounts of pese ta ,

5

pesetas

(cal led

a duro) , 25, 50

and 100 pese tas .

panlsh currency

Always

check the

exchange

ra te before

making

a convers ion. Banks,

which

furnish

cur ren t

f igures

on

currency

f luc tua t ions ,

of f e r

the

most

advantageous t rade . In

c i t i e s

exchange

of f ices cambios) are open long hours but dea l

on unfavorable terms. Hote ls usual ly pay

l e s s

Currency

The

bas ic

monetary

un i t of p a ~ n

~ s

the

pese ta (p ta [ s ] ) . Bi l I s

c ~ r c u l a t e

in d e n o m ~ n a -

t i ons o f

100, 500,

1000

and

5000

pesetas .

Coins

are

minted in amounts of pese ta ,

5

pesetas

(cal led

a duro) , 25, 50

and 100 pese tas .

panlsh currency

Always

check the

exchange

ra te before

making

a convers ion. Banks,

which

furnish

cur ren t

f igures

on

currency

f luc tua t ions ,

of f e r

the

most

advantageous t rade . In

c i t i e s

exchange

of f ices cambios) are open long hours but dea l

on unfavorable terms. Hote ls usual ly pay

l e s s

The Euro entered circulation on Jan 1 2002

Author: Robert KalinaPermission: See: ECB/2003/4 and ECB/2003/5

of 20 March 2003
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EUR_10_obverse_%282002_issue%29.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EUR_10_obverse_%282002_issue%29.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EUR_10_obverse_%282002_issue%29.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EUR_10_obverse_%282002_issue%29.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EUR_10_obverse_%282002_issue%29.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EUR_10_obverse_%282002_issue%29.jpg


35/39

ibliography

Bradford

Sax.

Spain

in the

World.

Princeton:

Van

Nostrand 1962.

Brenan

Gerald.

South

from

Granada.

New

York:

Farra r

Strauss

1957.

Clark Robert P.

The

Basques the Franco Years

and

Beyond.

Reno: Univers i ty of Nevada Press

1979.

Cleugh James. Spain

in

the Modern

World.

New

York:

Knopf 1953.

Crow John A

Spain:

The

Root

and the Flower.

New York: Harper 1975.

Diaz-Pla ja Fernando. The Spaniards

and

the

Seven

Deadly Sins. New

York:

Scr ibners 1967.

El l i s

Havelock. The

Soul of

Spain. Boston:

Houghton

Miff l in 1911.

Fisher

W

B. and

H Bowen-Jones.

In t roduc tory Geography. New

York:

1966.

Spain:

An

Praeger

Goldston Robert .

Spain. New York:

Macmillan

1967.

Keefe

Eugene K.

e t

a l .

Area Handbook

for

Spain.

Washington D.C.:

U.S. Government

Prin t ing Off ice 1976.

ibliography

Bradford

Sax.

Spain

in the

World.

Princeton:

Van

Nostrand 1962.

Brenan

Gerald.

South

from

Granada.

New

York:

Farra r

Strauss

1957.

Clark Robert P.

The

Basques the Franco Years

and

Beyond.

Reno: Univers i ty of Nevada Press

1979.

Cleugh James. Spain

in

the Modern

World.

New

York:

Knopf 1953.

Crow John A

Spain:

The

Root

and the Flower.

New York: Harper 1975.

Diaz-Pla ja Fernando. The Spaniards

and

the

Seven

Deadly Sins. New

York:

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Appendix List of Images

PDF

Page(s)

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