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SOYBEANS DEMO PLATFORM DONAU SOJA organized at AGRICULTURE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT STATION CARACAL ROMANIA 2015

SOYBEANS DEMO PLATFORM DONAU SOJA · soybeans demo platform . donau soja . organized at . agriculture research & development station . caracal . romania . 2015

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Page 1: SOYBEANS DEMO PLATFORM DONAU SOJA · soybeans demo platform . donau soja . organized at . agriculture research & development station . caracal . romania . 2015

SOYBEANS DEMO PLATFORM

DONAU SOJA

organized at

AGRICULTURE RESEARCH &

DEVELOPMENT STATION

CARACAL

ROMANIA

2015

Page 2: SOYBEANS DEMO PLATFORM DONAU SOJA · soybeans demo platform . donau soja . organized at . agriculture research & development station . caracal . romania . 2015

REPORT ON DEMO PLATFORM 2015

1

Page 3: SOYBEANS DEMO PLATFORM DONAU SOJA · soybeans demo platform . donau soja . organized at . agriculture research & development station . caracal . romania . 2015

REPORT ON DEMO PLATFORM ARDS CARACAL 2015

2

The Donau Soja demo platform organized at University of Craiova - Caracal Agricultural Research

Development Station, had a total area of 2.5 hectares, out of which 1.8 ha was the area of the

5 experimental plots.

The following experiences had been carried out in the demo platform:

1. Collection display of 43 soybean varieties from different maturity groups

2. Time of Sowing

3. Seeding Densities

4. Distances Between Rows

5. Weed Control

CLIMATE Data on temperature and rainfall recorded at Caracal are presented in Table 1. Table 1

Temperature and rainfall at Caracal 01.10. 2014 – 30.09. 2015

Total

Average Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep

Tem

pera

ture

(Co)

Month

ly

Avera

ge

11,7 5,5 1,1 0,5 1,4 6,3 11,8 18,8 21,3 26,1 24,1 20,0 12,4

Multi-

annual

Avera

ge

1985-2

014

11,7 5,4 0,3 -1,3 0,8 6,0 12,0 17,7 21,6 23,9 23,5 18,1 11,6

Deviation 0 +0,1 +0,8 +1,8 +0,6 +0,3 -0,2 +1,1 -0,3 +2,2 +0,6 +1,9 + 0,8

Pre

cip

itation

(mm

)

Tota

l

Pre

cip

itation

68,4 23,6 132,5 29,3 38,8 63,8 34,2 19,0 85,5 4,6 46,6 171,2 717,5

Multi-

annual

Avera

ge

1985-2

014

46,0 37,0 39,1 30,8 26,3 34,2 47,8 58,6 69,7 62,1 46,6 43,5 541,7

Deviation +22,4 -13,4 +93,4 -1,5 +12,5 +29,6 -13,6 -39,6 +15,8 -57,5 0 +127,7 +175,8

The data presented in the Table. 1 indicates that the agricultural year 2014-2015 was a warm

year in comparison with normal temperatures of the region. In 2015, the average temperature

of 12.4o C was 0.8o C higher than normal temperature in the region, representing 11.6o C.

Page 4: SOYBEANS DEMO PLATFORM DONAU SOJA · soybeans demo platform . donau soja . organized at . agriculture research & development station . caracal . romania . 2015

REPORT ON DEMO PLATFORM ARDS CARACAL 2015

3

The cold months of the year (October-March) were extremely warm. We can notice in December

a thermal increase of 0.8° C and - especially – in January, the coldest month of the year, a

thermal increase of 1,8o C in addition to the normal average temperature of -1.3° C.

The warm months of the year (April - September) were 0.60 – 2.20 C warmer than normal

average temperature, excepting April and June which had 0.20 C, respectively 0.30 C thermal

deficit versus normal average temperature.

In 2015 the rainfall amounted 717.5 mm; 175.8 mm higher than the multi-annual average of

541.7 mm. During the cold seson, November had the lowest precipitations; 23.6 mm versus the

normal average of the period of 37.0 mm. By contrast, December was very rainy, exceeding

with 93.4 mm the monthly average.

During the warm season (April to September) drought was present since April (a deficit of 13.6

mm), increasing in May when the deficit reached 39.6 mm and peaking in July, with a deficit of

57.5 mm.

The shortage of rainfall in the frespective months together with the extremely high temperatures,

that exceeded the multi-annual average, had a negative impact on the soybean crop.

To compensate water shortage in the soil irrigation was needed.

LAND PREPARATION

Autumn plowing

Heavy disk, 2 passes

Light disc

Seedbed preparation with combinator

Fertilization before plowing with SuperPhosphate (45.5%) at a rate of 200 kg/Ha

Fertilization in vegetation Nitrogen - 150 kg / ha

Pre-emergence herbicide Wing P (Dimetenamid-P 212,5 gr/l + Pendimetalin 250 gr/l),

4.0 l/Ha (excepting Weed Control experimental plot)

Post-emergence herbicide Agil (Propaquizafop 100 gr/l), 1.0 l/Ha (excepting Weed

Control experimental plot)

Page 5: SOYBEANS DEMO PLATFORM DONAU SOJA · soybeans demo platform . donau soja . organized at . agriculture research & development station . caracal . romania . 2015

REPORT ON DEMO PLATFORM ARDS CARACAL 2015

4

COLLECTION DISPLAY OF 43 SOYBEAN VARIETIES The 43 soybean varieties observed in this experience were the following:

VARIETY MATURITY GROUP BREEDER/MAINTAINER

1 ISIDOR I

EURALIS 2 SPONSOR I

3 MENTOR 00

4 GLADIATOR 00

5 DH 4173 0

RWA 6 SILVIA PZO 0

7 TOURMALINE 000

8 DUKAT 0

DELTA SEME 9 BISER 0

10 VIDRA 00

11 AVIGEYA I

OSS PAVLIKENI 12 RICHY II

13 ROSA II

14 SREBRINA II

15 VIGO I ITC

16 ONIX 00

ARDS TURDA

17 FELIX 00

18 PERLA 00

19 DARINA TD 00

20 MALINA TD 00

21 LARISA TD 00

22 CARO TD 00

23 SOLENA 000

PROBSTDORFER 24 SIGALIA 00

25 SINARA 00

26 FLAVIA 00

27 IKA I

INSTITUTE OSJIEK 28 SANDA 0

29 EMA 0

30 DACIANA 0

NARDI FUNDULEA 31 TRIUMF I

32 OANA F 0

33 MERLIN 000

DONAU SAAT

34 SY LIVIUS 000

35 SY ELIOT 00

36 AIRES 0

37 SG SR PICOR 0

38 SG EIDER I

39 STEARA I

40 NOVA III MAY AGRO

41 ADSOY 000

SAATEN UNION 42 SUNRISE 000

43 KORANA 00

Page 6: SOYBEANS DEMO PLATFORM DONAU SOJA · soybeans demo platform . donau soja . organized at . agriculture research & development station . caracal . romania . 2015

REPORT ON DEMO PLATFORM ARDS CARACAL 2015

5

The parameters of the comparison plot are the following:

Distance between rows: 70 cm

Band width per variety: 4.2 m

Plot width: 180.6 m

Plot length: 60 m

Acreage per variety: 252 m2

Total acreage: 10836 m2

Inoculum: Poliriz S (Transapicola); Mycorrhiza + Rhizobium (Wilhelms Best)

Planting of varieties was performed on April 27th, 2015 with SPC 6 planter at 70 cm distance

between rows.

The favorable conditions, both in terms of temperature and soil moisture, allowed a uniform

emergence, this being achieved in on May 15th, 2015.

Data on the behavior of displyed soybean varieties under climate conditions in Caracal in 2015

are shown in Table 2.

The flowering was starting on June 18th for the very early varieties and continuing until July 6th

for the varieties in maturity group III.

Depending on soybean variety, the plant height was showing variations from 63 cm for variety

Mentor (00, Euralis) up to 130 cm for variety Darina TD (00, ARDS Turda).

The height insertion of the first basal pod varied from 4 cm for variety Merlin (000, Donau Saat)

to 12 cm for varieties Vigo (I, ITC), Darina TD (00, ARDS Turda) and Adsoy (000, Saaten Union).

Regarding productions, the top 3 varieties were: Sponsor (00, Euralis) - 4016 kg/Ha, Merlin

(000, Donau Saat) - 3960 kg/Ha and Mentor (00, Euralis) - 3623 kg/Ha.

Good yields were also registered for the following varieties: Solena (000, Probstdorfer) - 3594

kg/Ha and Aires (0, Donau Saat) - 3469 kg/Ha.

Page 7: SOYBEANS DEMO PLATFORM DONAU SOJA · soybeans demo platform . donau soja . organized at . agriculture research & development station . caracal . romania . 2015

REPORT ON DEMO PLATFORM ARDS CARACAL 2015

6

Table 2

Results obtained in 2015 on comparison between 43 soybean varieties at ARDS Caracal 2015

Variety Beginning

flowering Plant

Height (cm)

Insertion Height (cm)

Yield (kg/Ha)

13% moisture

TGW (gr)

1 ISIDOR 28.06 98 6 3239 179

2 SPONSOR 30.06 90 10 4016 153

3 MENTOR 27.06 65 9 3623 191

4 GLADIATOR 30.06 100 8 2982 173

5 DH 4173 28.06 80 10 3182 174

6 SILVIA PZO 27.06 75 8 2388 148

7 TOURMALINE 26.06 78 7 3296 147

8 DUKAT 28.06 95 6 2927 116

9 BISER 28.06 88 9 2807 137

10 VIDRA 29.06 78 8 1815 135

11 AVIGEYA 27.06 85 7 2746 147

12 RICHY 28.06 83 8 3003 139

13 ROSA 30.06 84 8 2921 163

14 SREBRINA 01.07 98 7 2893 148

15 VIGO 28.06 105 12 2600 132

16 ONIX 28.06 88 9 2453 128

17 FELIX 27.06 100 10 2410 144

18 PERLA 29.06 80 7 1938 123

19 DARINA TD 30.06 130 12 2538 133

20 MALINA TD 28.06 95 8 2384 127

21 LARISA TD 29.06 115 9 2754 140

22 CARO TD 27.06 105 5 2688 138

23 SOLENA 25.06 75 7 3594 148

24 SIGALIA 26.06 70 10 2517 167

25 SINARA 28.06 74 6 2631 175

26 FLAVIA 27.06 78 5 1659 136

27 IKA 30.06 100 10 2688 132

28 SANDA 29.06 105 8 3124 161

29 EMA 27.06 104 5 2941 157

30 DACIANA 28.06 100 5 3212 148

31 TRIUMF 02.07 105 7 2877 145

32 OANA F 27.06 95 7 2450 116

33 MERLIN 20.06 70 4 3960 163

34 SY LIVIUS 21.06 73 6 2816 166

35 SY ELIOT 23.06 98 9 3160 164

36 AIRES 27.06 90 5 3469 160

37 SG SR PICOR 27.06 100 8 2985 176

38 SG EIDER 28.06 92 9 2407 169

39 STEARA 28.06 90 8 3068 162

40 NOVA 06.07 110 8 2251 168

41 ADSOY 19.06 88 12 2372 155

42 SUNRISE 18.06 75 6 2155 151

43 KORANA 02.07 97 8 2149 123

Page 8: SOYBEANS DEMO PLATFORM DONAU SOJA · soybeans demo platform . donau soja . organized at . agriculture research & development station . caracal . romania . 2015

REPORT ON DEMO PLATFORM ARDS CARACAL 2015

7

TIME OF SOWING

In the Time of Sowing experience, the following experimental plot has been established:

1. Time of Sowing I - early seeding on April 16th, 2015

2. Time of Sowing II - seeding during optimal period on April 27th, 2015

3. Time of Sowing III - late seeding on May 8th, 2015

The parameters of the seeding period plot are the following:

Distance between rows: 70 cm

Soy varieties: Mentor (00, Euralis) and Isidor (I, Euralis)

No. of variants: 6

Band width per sowing date per variety: 4.2 m

Plot width: 25.2 m

Plot length: 60 m

Acreage per time of sowing plot: 252 m2

Total acreage: 1512 m2

Inoculum: Poliriz S (Transapicola); Mycorrhiza + Rhizobium (Wilhelms Best)

Weather conditions did not allow Time of Sowing I to be executed on April 1st, 2015. Planting

was performed on April 16th, 2015 with more than 2 weeks delay. The next two sowing

experiences have been seeded on an time interval of 10 days in between, repectively April 27th,

2015 for Time of Sowing II and May 8th, 2015 for Time of Sowing III.

Quite reduced soil water reserve at the time of planting and low temperatures - especially during

the night – determined a late and non-uniform emergence of the soy varieties in Time Of Sowing I.

In contrast, the very favorable temperatures and enough rainfall created explosive and uniform

emergence of the soy varieties seeded in Time of Sowing III.

Although the 3 Time of Sowing experiences have been planted in a 22-day interval, the

emergence occurred in a period of only 8 days, mainly due insufficient moisture in the soil and

highly oscillating temperatures.

In general, the higher values of plant height were recorded in Time of Sowing III, which benefited

of optimal temperature and humidity conditions.

For Time of Sowing II the plant height was 65 cm for Mentor and 102 cm for Isidor, in comparison

to 56 cm, respectively 88 cm for Time of Sowing I.

Page 9: SOYBEANS DEMO PLATFORM DONAU SOJA · soybeans demo platform . donau soja . organized at . agriculture research & development station . caracal . romania . 2015

REPORT ON DEMO PLATFORM ARDS CARACAL 2015

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The highest values of insertion height were recorded in Time of Sowing III experience, while the

lowest values have been recorded in Time of Sowing I.

The average number of pods per plant fluctuated between 46 for Mentor variety seeded in Time

of Sowing III and 70 for Isidor variety sown in Time of Sowing I.

The average number of grains per plant presented variations between 124 for Mentor variety

planted in Time of Sowing III and 195 for Isidor variety planted in Time of Sowing II.

Benefiting from favorable conditions that allowed a timely and uniform emergence, the Time of

Sowing III provided the highest yields of 3020 kg/Ha for variety Isidor and 3524 kg/Ha for

variety Mentor.

The above recorded informations confirm that the period of achieving optimal seeding depends

primarily on meeting the conditions and requirements of temperature and soil moisture. Fulfilling

these conditions ensure a uniform emergence and normal development of the plant, being less

influenced by calendar date.

Table 3

Results obtained in the 3 seeding periods at ARDS Caracal in 2015

Time of Sowing

Variety Emergence Date

Plant Height (cm)

Insertion Height (cm)

Average pods per

plant

Average grains per

plant

Yield

(kg/Ha)

TGW

(gr)

1 I MENTOR 04.05 56 5 54 144 3122 184

ISIDOR 04.05 88 5 70 189 2267 208

2 II MENTOR 08.05 50 6 49 162 3374 176

ISIDOR 08.05 70 8 65 195 2594 200

3 III MENTOR 12.05 65 7 46 124 3524 172

ISIDOR 12.05 102 9 62 172 3020 188

Page 10: SOYBEANS DEMO PLATFORM DONAU SOJA · soybeans demo platform . donau soja . organized at . agriculture research & development station . caracal . romania . 2015

REPORT ON DEMO PLATFORM ARDS CARACAL 2015

9

SEEDING DENSITIES

The Seeding Densities experience was seeded on April 27th, 2015 with SUP 29 planter at 75 cm

and distance between rows.

Three densities were experimented:

1. 45 germinating grains/m2

2. 55 germinating grains/m2

3. 65 germinating grains/m2

The parameters of the seeding densities plot are the following:

Soy varieties: Mentor (00, Euralis) and Isidor (I, Euralis)

No. of variants: 6

Band width per density experience: 3.62 m

Plot width: 21.72 m

Plot length: 60 m

Acreage per density experience: 217.2 m2

Total acreage: 1303.2 m2

Inoculum: Poliriz S (Transapicola); Mycorrhiza + Rhizobium (Wilhelms Best)

Isidor variety presented the tallest plant height in all 3 densities, the variation limits being very

close; from 100 cm for the density of 45 g.g/m2 to 103 cm for 65 g.g/m2.

The height insertion of the first basal pod was good for both soy varieties in all 3 densities,

showing values between 8 cm to 12 cm.

The highest average number of pods per plant was recorded for Isidor variety (76) at the density

of 45 g.g/m2; the lowest average number of pods per plant was observed at Mentor variety (47)

at the density of 45 g.g/m2.

Similarly, the highest average number of grains per plant can be noticed for Isidor variety (236)

for the density of 45 g.g/m2; the lowest average number of grains per plant was registered for

Mentor variety (136) for the density of 45 g.g/m2.

With respect to yields, both varieties recorded the highest production potential for the density

of 55 g.g/m2; 3670 kg/Ha for Mentor variety respectively, 2932 kg/Ha for Isidor variety.

The highets TGW value was registered for Isidor variety planted at the density of 55 g.g/m2.

Table 4

Results obtained on 3 densities at ARDS Caracal in 2015

Density

(g.g/m2)

Variety Plant

Height

(cm)

Insertion

Height

(cm)

Average pods

per plant

Average grains

per plant

Yield

(kg/Ha)

TGW

(gr)

1 45 MENTOR 64 8 47 136 3585 172

ISIDOR 100 12 76 236 2604 180

2 55 MENTOR 63 9 52 156 3670 184

ISIDOR 102 12 66 198 2932 192

3 65 MENTOR 61 8 64 192 3290 176

ISIDOR 103 11 68 204 2261 172

Page 11: SOYBEANS DEMO PLATFORM DONAU SOJA · soybeans demo platform . donau soja . organized at . agriculture research & development station . caracal . romania . 2015

REPORT ON DEMO PLATFORM ARDS CARACAL 2015

10

DISTANCES BETWEEN ROWS

The Distance Between Rows experience was seeded on April 27th, 2015 with SUP 29 planter at

75 cm and distance between rows.

Three distances between rows were experimented:

1. 25 cm between rows

2. 50 cm between rows

3. 75 cm between rows

The parameters of the seeding densities plot are the following:

Soy variety: Sponsor (I, Euralis)

No. of variants: 3

Band width per density experience: 7.24 m

Plot width: 21.72 m

Plot length: 60 m

Acreage per density experience: 434.4 m2

Total acreage: 1303.2 m2

Inoculum: Poliriz S (Transapicola); Mycorrhiza + Rhizobium (Wilhelms Best)

Sponsor variety recorded the highest plant height of 95 cm for the distance of 50 cm between

rows.

The insertion height of the first basal pods presented an average value of 7 cm for 25 cm distance

of between rows and reaching 11 cm in case of the 75 cm distance between rows.

The average number of pods per plant and the average number of grains per plant had the

highest values at a distance of 50 cm between rows.

Under the specific conditions of 2015, it seems that the most advantageous option was the sown

at 75 cm between rows. The yield obtained in this case was 3778 kg/Ha, 70% higher than the

experience seeded at 50 cm between rows and 151% higher than the variant planted at 25 cm.

Table 5

Results obtained on 3 distances between rows at ARDS Caracal in 2015

Density

(g.g/m2)

Variety Plant

Height

(cm)

Insertion

Height

(cm)

Average

pods per

plant

Average

grains per

plant

Yield

(kg/Ha)

TGW

(gr)

1 25

SPONSOR

89 7 55 163 1503 144

2 50 95 9 61 183 2215 155

3 75 93 11 60 180 3778 149

Page 12: SOYBEANS DEMO PLATFORM DONAU SOJA · soybeans demo platform . donau soja . organized at . agriculture research & development station . caracal . romania . 2015

REPORT ON DEMO PLATFORM ARDS CARACAL 2015

11

WEED CONTROL

Planting of the varieties in Weed Control experience was performed on May 8th, 2015 with SPC

6 planter at 70 cm distance between rows.

The parameters of the weed control plot are the following:

Distance between rows: 70 cm

Soy variety: Gladiator (00, Euralis)

Band width per herbicide variant: 12.6 m

Plot width: 50.4 m

Plot length: 60 m

Acreage per herbicide variant: 756 m2

Total acreage: 3024 m2

Inoculum: Poliriz S (Transapicola); Mycorrhiza + Rhizobium (Wilhelms Best)

4 variants of weed control were experienced with pre and post-emerging herbicides as follows:

Variant # 1

Pre-emergent: Wing P (Dimetenamid-P 212,5 gr/l + Pendimetalin 250 gr/l), 4 l/ha BASF

Post-emergent: Corum (Bentazon 480 g/l + Imazamox 22,4 g/l), 0,95 l/ha + Dash, 0,5 l/ha

BASF (2 passes)

Variant # 2

Pre-emergent: Frontier Forte (Dimetenamid-P 720 g/l), 1,4 l/ha BASF

Post-emergent: Pulsar 40 (Imazamox 40 g/l), 1 l/ha BASF

Variant # 3

Pre-emergent: Pendigan (Pendimetalin 330 g/l), 5,0 l/ha + Surdone (Metribuzin 700 g/kg),

0,5 l/ha ADAMA

Post-emergent: Leopard (Quizalofop-P-etil 50 g/l), 2 l/ha ADAMA

Variant # 4

Pre-emergent: Pendigan 330 EK (Pendimetalin 330 g/l) 3.0 l/Ha + Surdone (Metribuzin 700

g/kg), 0,5 l/ha ADAMA

Post-emergent: Agil (Propaquizafop 100 g/l), 1,5 l/ha ADAMA

Pre-emergent herbicides were applied on May 13th, 2015 in all 4 variants of weed control. All other post-emergent herbicides were sprayed on June 9th, 2015.

Under the climate conditions of 2015 all 4 variants of pre and post-emergent herbicides had a good efficacy in controlling the weeds existing in the respective plot.

Page 13: SOYBEANS DEMO PLATFORM DONAU SOJA · soybeans demo platform . donau soja . organized at . agriculture research & development station . caracal . romania . 2015

REPORT ON DEMO PLATFORM ARDS CARACAL 2015

12

Pictures from the early stages of the demo platform can be found at the following link:

https://goo.gl/photos/DZMfFe67bjynopAVA

Pictures with different experiences and soybean varieties can be found at the following link:

https://goo.gl/photos/P3sDZR6udMevYGGR8

Pictures and videos from the demo platform field day can be found at the following link:

https://goo.gl/photos/37SqdKoV9jWn3MgF7

Dragos Dima Regional Director Romania, Bulgaria, Rep. Moldova

Donau Soja/Danube Soya

Str. Frumoasa 50, Ap. 7, Sector 1,

Bucuresti, Romania Mobile: + 40 744 355 787

E-mail: [email protected]

www.donausoja.org

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