ABT WORKSOUTHERN REGION

EXPERIENCE

IIT MADRAS27th Dec. 2004

2

PRESENTATION OVERVIEW

SOUTHERN REGIONAL GRID – QUICK FACTS

SR GRID OPERATION – TYPICAL ISSUES IN PAST

ABT – THE COMMERCIAL MECHANISEM

SR GRID OPERATION – AFTERMATH ABT

UNSCHEDULED INTERCHANGE – THE NEW Avatar

ISSUES OF INTEREST – FURTHER REFINEMENTS

3

SOUTHERN REGIONAL GRID

QUICK FACTS

4

SOUTHERN REGION

WESTERNREGION

EASTERN REGION

NORTHERN REGION

NORTH-EASTERN REGION

INSTALLED CAPACITYNORTHERN :- 31,230 MW

EASTERN :- 17,697 MW

SOUTHERN :- 31,931 MW

WESTERN :- 32,354 MW

NORTH-EASTERN :- 2,357 MW

TOTAL 115,569 MW

REGIONAL GRIDS

5

SOUTHERN REGION

WESTERNREGION

EASTERN REGION

NORTHERN REGION

NORTH-EASTERN REGION

‘ ELECTRICAL’

REGIONS1

2

3

SAME FREQUENCY FROM GUJARAT TO ARUNACHAL PRADESH WITH EFFECT FROM MARCH 2003

ABOUT 2800 KMS! APART

6

SOUTHERN REGION

WESTERNREGION

EASTERN REGION

NORTHERN REGION

NORTH-EASTERN REGION

‘ELECTRICAL’

REGIONS

1

2

WITH THE COMMISSIONING OF THE TALA PROJECT CONNECTING THE EASTERN AND NORTHERN GRIDS, INDIA WILL HAVE ONLY TWO GRIDS

7

SOUTHERN REGION – GEOGRAPHY

ANDHRA PRADESH

TAMIL NADU

KARNATAKA

KERALA

POPULATION :- 22.5 CRORES ( 22% OF INDIA)AREA :- 651 (‘000 SQ KM)(19% OF INDIA)

INSTALLED CAPACITY:- 31,931 MW(27.6%)WEATHER :- South-west monsoon

North-east monsoonSEA COAST :- AROUND 4000 KM

8

SR STATES – POWER SYSTEM STATISTICSANDHRA PRADESH

INSTALLED CAPACITY – 9531 MW MAX DEMAND MET – 7441 MW

DAILY CONSUMPTION MAX – 166 MUDAILY CONSUMPTION AVG – 130 MU

CONSUMER PROFILE – DOM INDU AGRI COMML OTHERS

22% 29% 34% 5% 10% .

KARNATAKAINSTALLED CAPACITY – 5802 MW

MAX DEMAND MET – 5445 MWDAILY CONSUMPTION MAX – 107 MUDAILY CONSUMPTION AVG – 84 MU

CONSUMER PROFILE – DOM INDU AGRI COMML OTHERS

37% 26% 33% 3% 1% .

KERALAINSTALLED CAPACITY – 2617 MW

MAX DEMAND MET – 2426 MWDAILY CONSUMPTION MAX – 39

MUDAILY CONSUMPTION AVG – 34 MU

CONSUMER PROFILE – DOM INDU AGRI COMML 76% 2% 6% 16%.

TAMIL NADUINSTALLED CAPACITY – 7074 MW

MAX DEMAND MET – 7228 MWDAILY CONSUMPTION MAX – 147 MUDAILY CONSUMPTION AVG – 126 MU

CONSUMER PROFILE – DOM INDU AGRI COMML OTHERS

21% 33% 27% 9% 10% .

9

GROWTH OF INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SR

1947

5

1983

0

2030

4

2129

8

2213

3

2298

3

2417

3 2616

3 2850

1

2952

6

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

22000

24000

26000

28000

30000

1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04YEARS --->

IN MW

10

INSTALLED CAPACITY IN SR

STATES HYDRO THERMAL NUCLEARDIESEL/

GAS WIND OTHERS TOTAL %

AP 3586 2993   272 2   6853 21%

KAR 3166 1470   128 5   4769 15%

KER 1808     235     2043 6%

TN 1996 3570   423 19   6008 19%

C.S   6990 830 360     8180 26%

IPP 229 794 0 2432 245 377 4078 13%

TOTAL 10785 15817 830 3851 271 377 31931  

% 34% 50% 3% 12% 1% 1%    

NOTE:- --- TAMILNADU HAS ABOUT 1344 MW OF WINDMILL POWER WHICH IS NOT INCLUDED IN THE INSTALLED CAPACITY.--- LIKEWISE MICRO AND CAPTIVE CAPACITIES ARE NOT INCLUDED

11

15817 (50%)

10785 (34%)377 (1%)

830 (3%)271 (0.8%)

3851 (12%)

HYDRO THERMAL GAS WIND NUCLEAR OTHERS

SOURCE-WISE INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SR IN MW

31,931 MW

HYDRO

THERMAL

WINDNUCLEAR OTHERS

GAS

12

4769 (15%)

6853 (21%)4078 (13%)

8180 (26%)

6008 (18.8%)

2043 (6%)

AP KAR KER TN CS IPP

AGENCY-WISE INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SRIN MW31,931 MW

ANDHRA PRADESH

KARNATAKA

TAMIL NADU

CENTRAL SECTOR

IPP

KERALA

13

13000

14000

15000

16000

17000

18000

19000

20000

21000

22000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

TIME IN HRS --->

DEM

AN

D IN

MW

--->

MONSOON SUMMER WINTER

TYPICAL LOAD CURVE OF SR

WINTER

MONSOON

SUMMEREVENING

PEAK

WEATHER

RESERVOIR CONSUMPTION

14

6%

23%4%

37%

30%

Domestic Commercial Agriculture Industry Others

LOAD COMPOSITION IN SOUTHERN GRID Domestic

IndustryCommercial

Agriculture

Others

15

LOAD 500-1200 MW

LOAD 200-500 MW

TYPICAL

LOAD

SPREAD

IN SR

16

SR GRID - HIGHLIGHTS• WIDE SPREAD TRANSMISSION NETWORK• HIGHEST CAPACITY HVDC LINK IN COUNTRY• GENERATING UNITS OF VARIED TYPE & CAPACITY• 32 Nos. of 400 KV SUB-STATIONS • 17600 MVA TRANSFORMATION CAPACITY• INTER-REGIONAL LINKS WITH ALL NEIGHBOURING

REGIONS

17

SR GRID OPERATION

TYPICAL ISSUES IN THE PAST

18

"If a path to the better there be, it begins with a full look at the worst."

-- Thomas Hardy

19

SR GRID OPERATION – TYPICAL ISSUES IN PAST

• LOW FREQUENCY PROBLEMS

– FREQUENCY EXCURSES TO LOW VALUES

• LOW VOLTAGE OPERATION

– VOLTAGE AT EHV GRID LEVEL DIPPES TO CRITICALL LOW

LEVELS

• SYSTEM BROWNOUTS / BLACK OUTS

– LOADS FREQUENTLY CUT OFF DUE TO RELAY OPERATION

• INCREASED ELECTRICAL LOSSES– INEFFICIENT OPERATION OF ELECTRIC EQUIPMENTS

20

AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF

COMMERCIAL MECHANISEM

21

PROBLEMS IN THE PAST - AN INSIGHT• THE ‘LOGIC OF THE COMMONS’ WORKS AS LONG AS

‘THE COMMONS’ ARE VAST AND HAVE UNLIMITED RESOURCE

• THE ‘LOGIC OF THE COMMONS’ BREAKS DOWN WHEN RESOURCES PER USER GETS CONSTRAINED

• GAME THEORY ON THE OTHER HAND GIVES A VALUABLE INSIGHT INTO THE ‘PLAYERS’ IN THE COMMONS– EVERY ‘PLAYER’ TRIES TO MAXIMISE HIS OWN PAYOFFS– CONSEQUENTLY THE ‘COMMONS’ GETS DENUDED RAPIDLY– WE END UP WITH ‘THE TRAGEDY OF THE COMMONS’

SCENARIO– KNEE-JERK REGULATORY ACTIONS FOLLOW –

MORE HARMFUL THAN SALUTARY– AN ASTONISHING PARALLEL CAN BE FOUND IN THE

‘ELECTRIC GRID’ AND ITS EQUILIBRIUM SCALAR-‘FREQUENCY’

22

BEHAVIOUR IN AN INTER-CONNECTED SYSTEM

• THE INTER CONNECTED OPERATION IS A PRECARIOUS ENTERPRISE, RARELY PERFECT, OFTEN FRAGILE AND SOMETIMES YOU WONDER IF IT IS WORTH THE EXPERIENCE

• A PRUDENT CONSTITUENT SHOULD TAKE ACTION IMAGINING THAT HE IS ISLANDED – THEN THE GRID WILL COME TO HIS RESCUE

23

HOW DID ABT ADDRESS THE‘CURSE OF THE COMMONS’?

• ABT DIS-INCENTIVISED GREED

• ABT RE-DEFINED HOW THE STAKEHOLDERS INTERACT WITH THE COMMONS– THE USERS OF THE COMMONS COULD BENEFIT

FROM ‘TAKING’ AS WELL AS ‘GIVING’ TO THE COMMONS

– ABT OBVIATES THE NEED FOR ELABORATE REGULATORY MEASURES

24

ABT AND THE NASH EQUILIBRIUM

25

Basic Ideas of Game Theory• GAME THEORY IS THE GENERAL

THEORY OF STRATEGIC BEHAVIOR

GENERALLY DEPICTED IN MATHEMATICAL FORM.

PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN MODERN ECONOMICS.

26

Rules, Strategies, Payoffs, and Equilibrium

ECONOMIC SITUATIONS ARE TREATED AS GAMES

THE RULES OF THE GAME STATE WHO CAN DO WHAT AND WHEN

A PLAYER'S STRATEGY IS A PLAN FOR ACTIONS IN EACH POSSIBLE

SITUATION IN THE GAME.

27

Rules, Strategies, Payoffs, and Equilibrium

ECONOMIC SITUATIONS ARE TREATED AS GAMES

A PLAYER'S PAYOFF IS THE AMOUNT THAT THEPLAYER WINS OR LOSES IN A PARTICULAR SITUATION IN A GAME

A PLAYERS HAS A DOMINANT STRATEGY IF THAT PLAYER'S BEST STRATEGY DOES NOT DEPEND ON WHAT OTHER PLAYERS DO

28

Nash Equilibrium

OCCURS WHEN EACH PLAYER'S STRATEGY IS OPTIMAL, GIVEN THE STRATEGIES OF THE OTHER PLAYERSA PLAYER'S BEST RESPONSE (OR BEST STRATEGY) IS THE STRATEGY THAT MAXIMIZES THAT PLAYER'S PAYOFF, GIVEN THE STRATEGIES OF OTHER PLAYERSA NASH EQUILIBRIUM IS A SITUATION IN WHICH EACH PLAYER MAKES HIS OR HER BEST RESPONSE

29

THE INDIA ELECTRICITY MARKETTIME LINE

REAL TIME15 MT BLOCKS

LONG TERMLOAD FORECAST

FUND MOBILISATION

10-5 YEARS

POWER PURCHASEAGREEMENTS

CAPACITY COMMITTMENT

1-5 YEARS

SHORT TERMLOAD FORECAST

DAY-AHEAD SCHEDULING

WEEK TO DAY AHEAD

30

Components of inter-utility tariff(Pre – ABT Mechanism)

Fixed charges Interest on loans Depreciation O & M charges Return on equity Interest on Working Capital

Energy charges (fuel cost) Incentives Surcharge & other levies No charge for reactive energy

31

Payment to Inter State Generating Stations (ISGS) from beneficiaries under

Availability Based Tariff (ABT)

Capacity chargesEnergy chargesUnscheduled Interchange (UI)

32

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

00 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

Forecast ex-bus capability of Power Plant

Hours

MW

Net Injection Schedule

SEB - A's Requisition

SEB - A's Entitlement - (40% )

SCHEDULING

33

CAPACITY CHARGE

Capacity charge will be related to ‘availability’ of the generating station and the percentage capacity allocated to the state. ‘Availability’ for this purpose means the readiness of the generating station to deliver ex-bus output expressed as a percentage of its rated ex-bus output capability.

34

ENERGY CHARGE

Energy charges shall be worked out on the basis of a paise per kwh rate on ex-bus energy scheduled to be sent out from the generating station as per the following formula

Energy charges = Rate of energy charges

(paise/kwh) x Scheduled Generation (ex-bus MWh)

35

UNSCHEDULED INTERCHANGE (U I) :

Variation in actual generation / drawal with respect to scheduled generation / drawal shall be accounted for through Unscheduled Interchange (UI).

UI for generating station shall be equal to its total actual generation minus its scheduled generation.

UI for beneficiary shall be equal to its total actual drawal minus its total scheduled drawal.

36

UNSCHEDULED INTERCHANGE (U I) :

UI shall be worked out for each 15 minute time block.

Charges for all UI transactions shall be based on average frequency of the time block.

UI rates shall be frequency dependent and uniform throughout the country.

37

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

48.9 49 49.1 49.2 49.3 49.4 49.5 49.6 49.7 49.8 49.9 50 50.1 50.2 50.3 50.4 50.5 50.6 50.7 50.8 50.9 51

Frequency ----------->

UI r

ate

---

------

------

-->

Below 49.0 Hz UI rate =570 p/u

At 50.0 Hz UI rate =150 p/u

At 49.8 Hz UI rate =210 p/u

Above 50.5 Hz UI rate =0 p/u

UI RATE Rate of Unscheduled Drawal/Injection

Frequency (Hz) Rate (p/u)

Above 50.5 0

50.0 150

49.8 210

49.0 and below 570

38

AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF(A) CAPACITY CHARGE(B) ENERGY CHARGE(C) ADJUSTMENT FOR DEVIATIONS (U I CHARGE)(A) = a function of the Ex-Bus MW availability of

Power Plant for the day declared before the day starts x SEB’s % allocation from the plant

(B) = MWh for the day as per Ex-Bus drawal schedule for the SEB finalised before the day starts x Energy charge rate

(C) = Σ (Actual energy interchange in a 15 minute time block – scheduled energy interchange for the time block) x UI rate for the time block

TOTAL PAYMENT FOR THE DAY = (A) + (B) ± (C)

39

FEATURES : (A) and (B) do not depend on actual plant

generation / drawal. No metering required for this as they are based on off-line figures. All deviations taken care of by (C)

No complication regarding deemed generation.

Perpetual incentive for maximizing generation and reducing drawal during deficit, but no incentive to over generate during surplus.

40

SR GRID OPERATION

AFTERMATH ABT

41

GRID OPERATION – AFTERMATH ABT

STABILISED SYSTEM FREQUENCY

IMPROVED VOLTAGES

MERIT ORDER OPERATION

INTER REGIONAL EXCHANGES

IMPROVED GRID SECURITY

JAN - 02 JAN - 03 Vol

42

OTHER LANDMARK EVENTS

• AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF

• UNIFIED LOAD DESPATCH SCHEME• TALCHER-KOLAR HVDC LINK

• OPERATIONAL EXCELLENCE

• SPECIFIC ACTIONS BY SRLDC

• FINANCIAL DISCIPLINE

SCHD DRWL

UI

43

44

Voltage at Bangalore Jan 02 & 03

45

MONSOONS

SOUTH WEST MONSOON NORTH EAST

MONSOON

KHAMMAM

VIJAYAWADANAGARJUNASAGAR

VISAKHAPATNAM (POWERGRID)HYDERABAD

RAICHUR

GOOTY

HOODY

SALEM

UDUMALPET

TRICHUR

MADURAI

TRICHY

MADRAS

NEYVELI

CUDDAPAHDAVANAGERE

KAIGA

115

317

RSTPP

BHADRAVATI

130x216

4x2

182

151

181

173

302

308172

277

279

155

178x

2

PONDICHERY

BANGALORE

SIRSI

MUNIRABAD

PP

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

PP

P

P

N

KOLAR

PALLOM

KAYANKULAMEDAMON

TALCHER

JEYPORE

63

187

2x78

2x221

54

HOSUR

KADRA

KODASAALY

Nagjhari

1

120

60

MAPS

P

SSLMM

MMDP

THIRUVANATHAPURAM

ALMATHI

NELLORE

400 KV LINE PRESENTLY

OPERATED AT 220 KV

NELAMANGALA

KURNOOL

GAZUWAKA(AP)

SIMHADRI NTPC

HIRIYUR

189

195

267x

2

258

242

175

179

127

130x

2

221x2

146x252x2

197x2

301x2

8x4

15x2

300

28

330

ABOUT 12000 CKM

400KV TRANSMISSION

TALGUPPA

GRID MAP

TYPICAL FLOWS ARE FROM NORTH TO SOUTH

GRID FOCAL POINT SHIFTED TO KOLAR AFTER COMMISSIONING OF HVDC

QUANTUM CHANGES IN FLOW PATTERN LIKELY AFTER COMMISSIONING OF KOODANKULAM 2000 MW

KOODANKULAM

THIRNELVALI

47

TRANSMISSION IN SOUTHERN TRANSMISSION IN SOUTHERN INDIAINDIA

ABOUT 2800 CKM OF 400 KV LINES ADDED IN THE PAST 2 YEARS

VOLTAGE LEVEL AP KAR KER TN CGS TOTAL

400 KV 2042 1614     8462 12118

220/230 KV 10050 7590 2650 6270 366 26926

132/110 KV 12360 6060 3720 10220   32360

TOTAL 24452 15264 6370 16490 8828 71404

48

Kolar

Chintamani

Cudappah

HoodyHosur

Salem

UdumalpetMadras

B’lore

+/- 500 KV DC line 1370 KM

ElectrodeStation

ElectrodeStation

TALCHER

400kv System220kv system

KOLAR

TALCHER KOLAR TALCHER KOLAR SCHEMATICSCHEMATIC

GENERATING UNITS IN SOUTHERN REGION

A.PKAR

TNKERGENERATORS ABOVE 1000 MW

GENERATORS 500 – 1000 MW

GENERATORS BELOW 500 MW

TYPICAL

GENERATOR

SPREAD

IN SR

UNIT CAPACITY AP KAR KER TN CGS TOTAL

THERMAL (500 MW) 2 7 9THERMAL

(200-250 MW)10 7 13 15 45

GAS/THERMAL (100-150 MW)

9 2 3 10 24

HYDRO (>50 MW)

27 27 16 15 85

TOTAL 48 36 19 38 163

- HYDRO

- THERMAL

- GAS / NAPTHA

- NUCLEAR

KHAMMAM

VIJAYAWADANAGARJUNASAGAR

GAZUWAKA

HYDERABAD

RAICHUR

GOOTY

HOODY

SALEM

UDUMALPET

TRICHUR

MADURAI

TRICHY

MADRAS

NEYVELI

CUDDAPAHDAVANAGERE

RAMAGUNDAM

BANGALORE

MUNIRABAD

PP

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

PP

P

P

KOLAR

63

HOSUR

1

60

P

NELLORE

NELAMANGALA

KURNOOL

KALPAKKA

SIMHADRI

HIRIYUR

TALAGUPPA

MAMIDIPALLY

SRI SAILAM

-- OF NTPC

-- OF ANDHRA PRADESH

-- OF KARNATAKA

-- OF NLC

-- OF POWERGRID

400KV SUB-STATIONS IN SR

NEYVELI TPS I (EXP)

  POWERGRID STATE OTHERS TOTAL

AP 8 4 2 14

KAR 4 5   9

KER 1     1

TN 6   2 8

TOTAL 19 9 4 32

52

ICT SUMMARY IN SOUTHERN ICT SUMMARY IN SOUTHERN INDIAINDIA

VOLTAGE RATIO AP KAR KER TN CGS TOTAL

400/230 or 400/220 KV 7 7 2 5 29 50400/132 or

400/110 KV --- --- --- 3 2 5

TOTAL 7 7 2 8 31 55

53POWERGRID SRLDC

A.P

KAR

T.N

KER

MAHORISSA

RAMAGUNDAM

NEYVELI

MAPS

GOA

PONDICHERRY

CHANDRAPUR

JEYPORE

GAZUWAKA

KOLHAPUR

BELGAUM

U.SILERUL.SILERU

BALIMELABARSUR

CSEB

AMBEWADI

INTER REGIONAL LINKSINTER REGIONAL LINKS

HVDC BI POLEHVDC B2B STATION

CENTRAL GEN.STATION220 kV LINE400 kV LINE

110 kV HVDC LINEKOLAR

TALCHAR

KAIGA

Inter Regional Links

Present IR CapacityPresent IR Capacity= 9,000 MW= 9,000 MW

700 MW700 MW

1200MW1200MW

2000MW2000MW

700 MW700 MW

900 MW900 MW30,500 MW

16,00032,700 MW

30,500 MW

2300

1850 MW1850 MW

1650 MW1650 MW

55

13450 MW

1000 MW6450 MW

4600 MW

1300 MW3200 MW

30,000 MW OF INTER-REGIONAL POWER BY 2012

EASTERN REGION

SOUTHERN REGION

WESTERNREGION

NORTHERN REGION

NORTH-EASTERN REGION

INTER-REGIONAL TRANSFER BY INTER-REGIONAL TRANSFER BY END OF 11END OF 11thth PLAN (2012) PLAN (2012)

56

STABILISED SYSTEM FREQUENCY

• TYPICAL FREQUENCY CURVE

• SCATTER DIAGRAM

• HISTOGRAM OF FREQUENCY

• FREQUENCY DURATION CURVE

• Df/dT CURVE

• RECORD FVI OF 0.04

57

47.50

48.00

48.50

49.00

49.50

50.00

50.50

51.00

25 26 27 28 29 30 31DAYS ----->

FREQ

UEN

CY

IN H

Z ---

->FREQUENCY PROFILE

2002, 2003 & 2004

58

FREQUENCY DURATION CURVE AUG TO OCT 04, 03 & 02

47.50

48.00

48.50

49.00

49.50

50.00

50.50

51.00

1 1117 2233 3349 4465 5581 6697 7813 8929 10045 11161 12277 13393 14509 15625 16741 17857 18973 20089 21205

% OF TIME --->

FREQ

UEN

CY

IN H

Z ---

>

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

2004

2003

 <49.0 49.0 &

<49.549.5 & <50.5

50.5 & Above Max Min Avg FVI St. Dev

 

2004 0.03 1.46 98.28 0.23 50.82 48.62 49.95 0.31 0.12

2003 0.17 8.32 90.66 0.85 50.85 48.60 49.81 0.95 0.18

2002 73.62 12.45 12.84 1.09 51.08 47.69 48.63 23.59 0.44

2002

59

320

330

340

350

360

370

380

390

400

410

42000

:05

01:0

5

02:0

5

03:0

5

04:0

5

05:0

5

06:0

5

07:0

5

08:0

5

09:0

5

10:0

5

11:0

5

12:0

5

13:0

5

14:0

5

15:0

5

16:0

5

17:0

5

18:0

5

19:0

5

20:0

5

21:0

5

22:0

5

23:0

5

TIME IN HRS --->

VOLT

AG

E IN

KV

--->

REALITY BITE:

FARMERS IN KARNATAKA ARE HAPPY WITH FEWER HOURS OF QUALITY POWER!!.

EFFICIENCY OF PUMPS AT TG HALLI WATER WORKS IMPROVED!

COMPARISION OF BANGALORE VOLTAGE-TYPICAL DAY

BETTER VOLTAGE PROFILE MEANS LESS ELECTRICAL LOSSES

60

WATER SUPPLY TO BANGALORE

LOW VOLTAGE PROBLEMS AROUND BANGALORE HAMPERED WATER SUPPLY EARLIER

WITH BETTER VOLTAGE NOW, PUMPING EFFICIENCY HAS IMPROVED

400 KV STATION AT MYSORE BEING COMMISSIONED ON WAR FOOTING TO FURTHER FORTIFY THIS PART OF THE GRID

PUMPING LOSSES REDUCED

ENORMOUS SAVINGS TO THE STATE

MOTOR BURNING AND MAINTENANCE COSTS ALSO CAME DOWN DRASTICALLY

61

VARIABLE COST(Ps) OF POWER STATION IN SR AS ON JUNE 2004

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000P

ON

DY

PC

L (3

2.5

MW

)(19

.61

PS

)

NE

YV

ELI

-II S

TG 1

**(

630

MW

)(67

.99

PS

)

KO

VIL

KA

LAP

PA

L *(

105

MW

)(68

PS

)

JEG

UR

UP

AD

U (G

AS

)(21

6 M

W)(

82 P

S)

SP

EC

TRU

M (G

AS

)(20

8 M

W)(

83 P

S)

VIJ

JES

WA

RA

M -I

(100

MW

)(84

PS

)

VIJ

JES

WA

RA

M -I

I(172

.5 M

W)(

86 P

S)

B S

E S

(AP

)(G

AS

)(14

0 M

W)(

87 P

S)

RE

INS

CA

LCIN

ING

LTD

.(41

MW

)(90

PS

)

RA

MA

GU

ND

AM

(210

0 M

W)(

90 P

S)

LAN

CO

(350

MW

)(91

.48

PS

)

NE

YV

ELI

-II S

TG-II

**(

840

MW

)(94

.61

PS

)

SIM

HA

DR

I(100

0 M

W)(

96 P

S)

RA

MA

GU

ND

AM

-B(6

2.5

MW

)(96

PS

)

VIJ

AY

AW

AD

A T

.P.S

.-1&

2(10

50 M

W)(

101

PS

)

VIJ

AY

AW

AD

A T

.P.S

.-3(2

10 M

W)(

101

PS

)

KO

THA

GU

DE

M(B

)(21

0 M

W)(

108

PS

)

RA

ICH

UR

.T.P

S. *

*(12

60 M

W)(

110

PS

)

KO

THA

GU

DE

M(A

)(24

0 M

W)(

110

PS

)

KO

THA

GU

DE

M(C

)(22

0 M

W)(

123.

1 P

S)

KO

THA

GU

DE

M(D

)(50

0 M

W)(

124

PS

)

RA

YA

LAS

EE

MA

TP

P(4

20 M

W)(

126

PS

)

NO

RTH

MA

DR

AS

.T.P

.S(6

30 M

W)(

130.

98 P

S)

TUTU

CO

RIN

.T.P

.S(1

050

MW

)(13

3.5

PS

)

ME

TTU

R.T

.P.S

(840

MW

)(15

0 P

S)

V S

P *

(120

MW

)(16

9.11

PS

)

ST-

CM

S(2

50 M

W)(

171

PS

)

NE

YV

ELI

-I(60

0 M

W)(

185.

86 P

S)

EN

NO

RE

.T.P

.S(4

50 M

W)(

190.

2 P

S)

L V

S(3

7.8

MW

)(20

0 P

S)

YE

LEH

AN

KA

DE

ISE

L(12

7.92

MW

)(20

3.36

PS

)

NA

VB

HA

RA

T(35

MW

)(20

5 P

S)

BR

AH

MA

PU

AM

D P

P(1

06.5

MW

)(21

4 P

S)

NE

LLO

RE

(30

MW

)(22

5 P

S)

B S

E S

(KE

RA

LA)(

165.

5 M

W)(

225

PS

)

THA

NN

EE

RB

AV

I(235

MW

)(22

8 P

S)

JIN

DA

L(26

0 M

W)(

247

PS

)

BA

LAJI

(SA

MA

YA

NA

LLU

R)(

105

MW

)(24

7 P

S)

KO

ZHIK

OD

E D

PP

(128

.8 M

W)(

250

PS

)

GM

R V

AS

AV

I(196

MW

)(25

4 P

S)

SA

MA

LPA

TTY

IPP

(105

MW

)(26

3 P

S)

TATA

DE

ISE

L(81

.3 M

W)(

280

PS

)

KA

YA

MK

ULA

M N

TPC

(350

MW

)(29

0 P

S)

KA

SA

RG

OD

P C

L(2

1 M

W)(

300

PS

)

RA

YA

LAS

EE

MA

(37.

8 M

W)(

330

PS

)

PP

NA

LLU

R(3

30.5

MW

)(41

5 P

S)

BA

SIN

BR

IDG

E(1

20 M

W)(

468

PS

)

CU

MU

LATI

VE IN

STA

LLED

CA

PAC

ITY

IN M

W

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

VAR

IAB

LE C

OST

IN P

s/U

NIT

VARIABLE COST

CUMULATIVEINSTALLE

ABOUT 7000 MW OF CAPACITY IS BELOW 100 Ps

ABOUT14200 MW OF CAPACITY IS BELOW 200 Ps

ABOUT 16000 MW OF CAPACITY IS BELOW 300 Ps

CUM. INS. CAP.

62

63

MERIT ORDER : UNITS BOXED UPPOWER STATION STATE CAPACITY(MW) FUEL

VARIABLE COST

TATA DIESELKARNATAK

A 79 DIESEL 308RAYALSEEMA

DGPPKARNATAK

A 27 DIESEL 360YELEHANKA

DIESELKARNATAK

A 128 DIESEL 314

THANRBHAVIKARNATAK

A 220 NAPTHA 325SUB-TOTAL 454    

BRAHAMPURAM DPP KERALA 107 DIESEL 275BSES KERALA 157 NAPTHA 308

KASARGODE PCL KERALA 22 NAPTHA 298KAYAMKULAM KERALA 360 NAPTHA 322

SUB-TOTAL 646    

BASIN BRIDGETAMIL NADU 120 NAPTHA 584

P.P.NALLURTAMIL NADU 330 NAPTHA 415

SUB-TOTAL 450    TOTAL 1550    

64

Growth Of Inter Regional Energy Exchanges

73508230

9730

13000

22500

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004Year

Tota

l MU

Dur

ing

The

Year

IR Energy Exchanges

65

(+) IMPORT / (-) EXPORT

• INTER REGIONAL UI (WR):- +357 MU – 211 MU• INTER REGIONAL UI (ER):- +693 MU – 21 MU• AVG RATE OF IMPORT FROM WR IN PS/U

– 134 PS/U @WR– 247 PS/U @SR

• AVG RATE OF EXPORT TO WR IN PS/U– 163 PS/U @SR– 287 PS/U @WR

• AVG RATE OF IMPORT FROM ER IN PS/U– 145 PS/U @ ER– 212 PS/U @ SR

INTER – REGIONAL(01/01/03 TO 10/10/04)

66

MAJOR AND MINOR DISTURBANCES SINCE 1994

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10N

UM

BER

OF

DIS

TUR

BA

NC

ES --

------

>

1994

-95

1995

-96

1996

-97

1997

-98

1998

-99

1999

-00

2000

-01

2001

-02

2002

-03

2003

-04

2004

-05

YEAR ->

MAJOR MINOR

NO DISTURBANCES DESPITE LOSING ENTIRE SUPER GENERATING PLANTS LIKE

RAMAGUNDAM,VIJAYAWADA,KOTHAGUDEM, NORTH CHENNAI, SHARAVATHY ETC

SPS

67

DEEP VALLEY

DEEP VALLEY

SHARP

PEAK

68

KADAMPARAI PUMP OPERATION

-300

-200

-100

0100

200

300

400

5000:

001:

002:

003:

004:

005:

006:

007:

008:

009:

0010

:00

11:0

012

:00

13:0

014

:00

15:0

016

:00

17:0

018

:00

19:0

020

:00

21:0

022

:00

23:0

00:

00

TIME ---->

IN M

W --

-->

48.50

49.00

49.50

50.00

50.50

51.00

FREQ

UEN

CY

IN H

Z ---->

GENERATOR MODE

PUMP PUMP

SAVINGS OF RS 40 LAKHS EVERY DAY

INVESTMENT OF 1600 CRORES SAVED

69

OPPORTUNISTIC UI TRADEEXPORT TO WR ON 13/05/03-14/05/03

-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 0849

49.2

49.4

49.6

49.8

50

50.2

50.4

50.6

50.8

51POWER EXPORT TO WR ON

UI BASIS DURING LOAD CRASH

FREQ

70

UI TRANSACTION ON 31/08/03 SUNDAY, GANESH CHATURTHI

• Total UI imported from C. Grid by SR:8.88 MU• Max Power transfer in UI from C Grid:860 MW

AMOUNT SAVED : Rs. 107 LAKH IN ONE DAY!

HIGH FREQUENCY IN ER-WR GRID POWER IMPORTED AT CHEAP PRICEMUTUAL BENEFIT

71

OPTIMAL RESERVOIR UTILISATIONIDUKKI IN KERALA

KERALA SAVED RS 50 CRORES BY EFFICIENT UTILISATION OF THE RESERVOIRS AT IDUKKI!

POWERGRIDs 400 KV MADURAI-TRIVANDRUM LINE WILL HELP KERALA

SAVE EVEN MORE ENERGY IN THE COMING

YEAR

PLANT OPERATORS AT IDUKKI THINK OF THE RESERVOIR LEVEL IN RUPEES RATHER

THAN IN FEET!!!

Rs. Rs.

Rs.

Rs.

Rs.Rs.

Rs.

Rs.

Rs.

Rs.

Rs.

Rs.

Rs.

Rs.

Rs.Rs.

72

FREQUENCY CURVE FOR 9th SEPTEMBER 2004FVI = 0.04

Avg Freq = 49.99Hz

48.5

49.0

49.5

50.0

50.5

51.0

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

10 * ∑ (F – 50) 2

FVI = -------------------------------

24 * 60

73

SPECIFIC ACTION BY RLDC LOSS REDUCTION

• TAP CO-ORDINATION• FILTER CO-ORDINATION• REDUCED LINE OPENING• HVDC SET POINT CHANGES• VAR MANAGEMENT

REVIVAL OF DORMANT INTER-STATE LINES 100% DISBURSEMENT IN SETTLEMENT

SYSTEM OPTIMISATION OF INTER-REGIONAL

EXCHANGES MERIT ORDER OPERATION

74

THE FIRST SCHEME: 1996THE FIRST SCHEME: 1996

KHAMMAM

VIJAYAWADA

NAGARJUNASAGAR

HYDERABAD

RAICHUR

GOOTY

HOODY

SALEM

UDUMALPET

TRICHUR

MADURAI

TRICHY

MADRAS

NEYVELI

CUDDAPAHDAVANAGERE

KAIGA

115

317

RSTPP

BHADRAVATI

130x2

164x

2

182

151

181

173

302

308

172

277

279

155

178x

2BANGALORE

SIRSI

MUNIRABAD

PP

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

PP

P

P

N

JEYPORE

63

187

2x221

54

Kadra

Kodasally

Nagjhari

1

120

60

MAPS

P

NELLORE

By Tripping of Salem-Bangalore and

Cudddapah-Madras Southern Grid was

getting devided into two blocks

NELAMANGALA

GAZUWAKA

HIRIYUR

189

267x

2

258

242

175

179

127 130x

2

221x2

146x2

52x2

301x2

300

28

330

FIG-2

THE SR GRID IN

1996

75

THE FIRST SCHEME: 1996THE FIRST SCHEME: 1996CONDITIONSCONDITIONS

Line Name Frequency Below (Hz)

POWER FLOW(MW)

Time delay (second)

Type of Relay

CUDAPPA-MADRAS 47.8 0.5 UF

SALEM- BANGALORE

47.8 1 UF

CUDAPPA-MADRAS 48.0 100 MW towards CUDAPPA

0.5 RPUF

SALEM- BANGALORE

48.0 300 MW towards BANGALORE

1 RPUF

76

SPECIAL PROTECTION SPECIAL PROTECTION SCHEMESSCHEMES

DEFINITIONDEFINITIONPROTECTION SCHEME DESIGNED PROTECTION SCHEME DESIGNED

TOTO DETECT ABNORMAL SYSTEM DETECT ABNORMAL SYSTEM

CONDITIONSCONDITIONS AND TAKE AND TAKE PREDETERMINED CORRECTIVE ACTIONPREDETERMINED CORRECTIVE ACTION

(Other than isolation of faulty element)(Other than isolation of faulty element)TO TO

PRESERVE SYSTEM INTEGRITY AND PRESERVE SYSTEM INTEGRITY AND PROVIDE ACCEPTABLE SYSTEM PROVIDE ACCEPTABLE SYSTEM

PERFORMANCEPERFORMANCE

77

WHY SPS? WHY SPS? COMMERCIAL COMMERCIAL REASONSREASONS

SKEWED GENERATION AND LOAD SKEWED GENERATION AND LOAD PATTERN AND PRESSURE ON PATTERN AND PRESSURE ON RELIABILITY MARGINS DUE TORELIABILITY MARGINS DUE TO DRIVEN BY COMMERCIAL MECHANISMS DRIVEN BY COMMERCIAL MECHANISMS

OPEN ACCESS INCREASE IN TRADE OPEN ACCESS INCREASE IN TRADE VOLUMEVOLUME

INCREASE IN COMPETITIONINCREASE IN COMPETITION

MERIT ORDER OPERATIONMERIT ORDER OPERATION

78

POSSIBLE SYSTEM POSSIBLE SYSTEM PROLEMSPROLEMS

UNIT FAILURE

INSUFFICIENTGENERATION

TRANSFORMER/LINE FAILURE

LOSS OFLOAD

REDUCEDNETWORK

REDUNDANCY

LINE OVERLOADOR

UNSATISFACTORYBUS VOLTAGE

BUS ISOLATED

LOSS OFGENERATION

ISLANDING

SYSTEM SYSTEM COLLAPSCOLLAPS

EE

79

RESTORATIVE

NORMAL

A L E R T

EMERGENCYDISTURBANCE

80

RESTORATIVE

NORMAL

A L E R T

EMERGENCYDISTURBANCE

81

HIGH SPEED INTER-TRIP HIGH SPEED INTER-TRIP SCHEME AT KOLARSCHEME AT KOLAR

GOOTY

HOODY

SALEM

TRICHUR

MADURAI

TRICHY

SPBDR

NLC II

CUDDAPAH

PONDICHERY

SOMANHALLIKOLAR

HOSUR

NLC -1 EXP.

UDUMALPET

BAHOOR

KURNOOL

SOMYAZULA PALLI

TO TALCHER

82

HIGH SPEED INTER-TRIP HIGH SPEED INTER-TRIP SCHEME AT KOLARSCHEME AT KOLAR

MODE OF OPERATION

POWER LEVEL FOR GENERATING INTERTRIP SIGNAL

MONO POLAR >400 MW AND THE POLE TRIPS

BI-POLAR

IF BOTH POLE ARE CARRYING > 800 MW EACH AND ONE POLE TRIPS

IF EACH POLE IS CARRYING POWER IN THE RANGE OF 400 TO 800 MW AND ONE POLE TRIPS AND AFTER THE DELAY OF 2 SECS THE POWER ON SURVIVING POLE IS LESS THAN 600MW

IF POWER FLOW ON EACH POLE > 200 MW AND BOTH POLES TRIP WITH IN 2 SECS

83

KAIGA EVACUATION KAIGA EVACUATION PROBLEMPROBLEM

SPS BASED SOLUTIONSPS BASED SOLUTION

KAIGA

440 MW SIRSI

KADRA

150 MW

KODASHALLI

120 MW

GUTTUR

NAGJHERI

855 MW

HUBLI

400 KV LINE OPERATED AT 220 KV

PROBLEM OF OVERLOADING WHEN HIGH GENERATION AT KALI COMPLEX

THESE LINES ARE TRIPPED IF

>600 AMPS FOR 1SEC OR > 900 AMPS FOR 300 MSEC,

84

PROPOSED SPS AT PROPOSED SPS AT RAICHURRAICHUR

RAICHURN’SAGAR

MUNIRABAD

DAVANGERE

HIRIYUR

NELAMANGALAHOODY

GOOTY

CUDDAPAH

KOLAR

HVDC LINES

FROM ER

SOMANAHALLYTRIPPING OF THESE LINES INCREASES THE FLOW ON RAICHUR-N’SAGAR LINE

LOAD CENTRE

PROPOSED SPS BASED SOLUTION

RTPS UNITS TO BACK-DOWN BASED ON FLOW ON

RAICHUR-N’SAGAR LINE

85

RLDC,Bangalore

KalamasseryHyderabad BangaloreChennai

Cuddapah

Warangal

Vijayawada

Kalam’erryKannur

Trivandrum

ChennaiErode

Madurai

BangaloreLingusugur

Hubli

CPCC SCC, Pondy

Hyderabad

Hierarchy of The ULDC Scheme in Southern Region

Andhra Kerala Tamilnadu Karnataka

86

EMS/SCADA Package … EMS/SCADA Package … ContdContd

Sl No:Sl No: ConstituentConstituent RTUs suppliedRTUs supplied Existing RTUs Existing RTUs integratedintegrated

Control Control CentresCentres

1.01.0 APTRANSCOAPTRANSCO 9191 -- 44

2.02.0 TNEBTNEB 4040 3535 333.03.0 KPTCLKPTCL 2222 2121 334.04.0 KSEBKSEB 3030 -- 335.05.0 UT of PondyUT of Pondy 55 99 116.06.0 Central SectorCentral Sector 2727 -- 11

TotalTotal 215215 6565 1515

RTUs Grand Total : 280 RTUs Grand Total : 280

87

Andhra Pradesh

Karnataka

Kerala

Tamilnadu

UT of Pondy

Vijayawada

Warangal

HYDERABADGhanapur

ChinkampalliCHENNAI

Pondy

Madurai

Kannur-B

KALAMASSERY

Vydyuthi Bhavanam

Erode

MW LinkFO LinkState owneed LinkSub-LDC

SLDC

RCLDC

HubliDavangeree

Bangalore

Information Flow to Control CentresInformation Flow to Control Centres

Satellite

Ramagundam

88

Communication Channel for Information flow

Sub-LDC

SLDC

RLDC

SLDC

Sub-LDC

RTU RTU

Wide Band /PLCC Commn

Wide Band Commn

Wide Band Commn(MW / FO)

RTU

89

ULDC TRAININGULDC TRAININGSL NAME OF THE TRAINING FROM TO Participants Man days

1 CISCO ROUTER & NETWORKING 19-01-2004 24-01-2004 17 102

2 XA-21 USER LEVEL 23-02-2004 28-02-2004 10 60

3 RTNA WORKSHOP 29-03-2004 31-03-2004 14 42

4 AIX OPERATING SYSTEM 17-05-2004 22-05-2004 15 90

5 XA-21 USER LEVEL 21-06-2004 25-06-2004 6 30

6 DATABASE ADMINISTATION 22-11-04 04-12-04 19 228

90

Annual Inter-Regional Energy Transfer

≈10,000MU

Transformation Capacity ≈

45000 MVA

Transformers (220kV and above)

480 nos.

Installed Capacity≈31870 MW

Integrated Opn of Ten Power

Utilities

Dynamic Grid Conditions

Southern Region Grid Complexities in Monitoring & Control

Generators –Hydro, Thermal,Gas/IPP

422 nos.

Transmission Network 400/220kV

≈ 37500 Ckm

40,000 POINTS Active Power, Reactive Power,

Voltage, Frequency, Transformer Tap Position, Circuit Breaker Position,

Isolator Position etc.

91

Bouquet of Benefits

• Integrated System Operation with improved system visibility

• Enhanced Operation Efficiency

• Quality Power - Frequency and Voltage Control

• Merit Order and Economic Load Dispatch

• Fewer System Collapses & Faster Restoration

• First Step towards Sub-station Automation

• Adaptability to the ever growing Power System

92

DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL GRID

NER

ER

NR

WR

SR

EXISTING

500MW

MW1000

MW500

GAZUWAKA

CHANDRAPUR

VINDHYACHAL

SASARAM

UNDERCONST.

EXISTING

400 kV

220 kV

BONGAIGAONBIRPARA

MALDA

KORBA BUDHIPADAR

KOLHAPUR

BELGAUM

U.SILERU

BALIMELA

DEHRISAHUPURI

MALANPUR

AURAIYA

PHASE-I(By 2002)

HVDC STATION

KOLAR

(KARNATAKA)

TALCHER

ORISSA)

TALCHER KOLAR HVDC LINE

LENGTH:1400 KMS

93

TALCHER KOLAR LINKTALCHER KOLAR LINK ONE OF THE LONGEST HVDC LINES IN ONE OF THE LONGEST HVDC LINES IN

THE WORLDTHE WORLD DESIGNED TO EVACUATE DESIGNED TO EVACUATE 2000 MW2000 MW COMMISSIONED IN ADVANCE TO COMMISSIONED IN ADVANCE TO

UTILISE NON-PEAK SURPLUS POWER UTILISE NON-PEAK SURPLUS POWER OF EASTERN REGIONOF EASTERN REGION

COMMISSIONED 9 MONTHS AHEAD COMMISSIONED 9 MONTHS AHEAD OF SCHEDULEOF SCHEDULE

THE PROJECT HAS USED THE PROJECT HAS USED APPROXIMATELY 90,000 TONNES APPROXIMATELY 90,000 TONNES OF STEEL AND 16,000 KM OF OF STEEL AND 16,000 KM OF CABLES CABLES

94

TALCHER KOLAR HVDC LINKTALCHER KOLAR HVDC LINKBENEFITS TO SOUTHERN REGIONBENEFITS TO SOUTHERN REGION

SUBSTANTIAL IMPROVEMENT IN THE SUBSTANTIAL IMPROVEMENT IN THE VOLTAGE PROFILE FOR THE REGION.VOLTAGE PROFILE FOR THE REGION.

TRUNK LINE LOADINGS EASED – TRUNK LINE LOADINGS EASED – INCREASED TRANSFER MARGIN.INCREASED TRANSFER MARGIN.

MAX IMPORT FROM ER 1600 MWMAX IMPORT FROM ER 1600 MW MORE DEMAND IS BEING MET.MORE DEMAND IS BEING MET. DEPLETED HYDRO RESERVES IS BEING DEPLETED HYDRO RESERVES IS BEING

CONSERVED.CONSERVED. AVERAGE COST OF POWER IS BROUGHT DOWNAVERAGE COST OF POWER IS BROUGHT DOWN SURPLUS IN ER EFFECTIVELY UTILISEDSURPLUS IN ER EFFECTIVELY UTILISED PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF POWER PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF POWER

STATIONS IN EASTERN REGIONSTATIONS IN EASTERN REGION INCREASED STOA TRANSACTIONSINCREASED STOA TRANSACTIONS

95

TALCHER-KOLARTALCHER-KOLAR IMPORT OF 12728MUs FROM ER THROUGH TALCHER-KOLAR UPTO OCT-04

YEAR --->YEAR ---> 20022002 20032003 20042004

MONTHSMONTHSTOTAL TOTAL

ENERGY ENERGY (IN MU)(IN MU)

MAX FLOW MAX FLOW (IN MW)(IN MW)

TOTAL TOTAL ENERGY ENERGY (IN MU)(IN MU)

MAX MAX FLOW FLOW

(IN MW)(IN MW)

TOTAL TOTAL ENERGY ENERGY (IN MU)(IN MU)

MAX MAX FLOW (IN FLOW (IN

MW)MW)JANJAN ------ ------ 311311 850850 805805 15281528FEBFEB ------ ------ 273273 10101010 701701 15081508MARMAR ------ ------ 491491 13161316 837837 16001600APRAPR ------ ------ 473473 11831183 923923 15001500MAYMAY ------ ------ 172172 10261026 652652 13851385JUNJUN ------ ------ 277277 994994 688688 14161416JULJUL ------ ------ 319319 10751075 759759 14901490AUGAUG ------ ------ 346346 10881088 628628 13411341SEPSEP 66 200200 512512 15331533 742742 15521552OCTOCT 5858 500500 508508 1458 1458  829829 15501550NOVNOV 7777 500500 470470 1048 1048 

DECDEC 241241 750750   630630 1383 1383 

TOTALTOTAL 382382    47824782    75647564   MAXMAX    750750    15331533    16001600

96

97

Ex-Bus Capacity under requisitioned / underutilised in Gas and Nuclear stations (during the week 6th Oct to 12th Oct 2003)

121 121 121 128 126 123 128

60 59 60 60 50 60 58

91 91 96 96 100 96 96

113 113 114 120 124 121 116

180 180 180 180 180 180 175

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

06.10.2003 07.10.2003 08.10.2003 09.10.2003 10.10.2003 11.10.2003 12.10.2003

Meg

awat

ts

Dadri (L) Anta (L) Aurya (L) NAPS RAPS

On 9th Oct 2003 f < 49.0 Hz = 1.56 % of time f < 49.5 Hz = 15.35 % of time f < 50.0 Hz = 81.01 % of time f < 50.5 Hz = 99.90 % of time

98

RESERVOIR LEVEL - RESERVOIR LEVEL - COMPARISONCOMPARISON

LEVEL IN MTSLEVEL IN MTS LEVELLEVEL30-Nov-0330-Nov-03

LEVELLEVEL30-Nov-0430-Nov-04

JALAPUTJALAPUT 837.48837.48 836.17836.17LINGANMAKKILINGANMAKKI 545.35545.35 548.61548.61SUPASUPA 534.73534.73 545.48545.48IDUKKIIDUKKI 715.65715.65 772.96772.96KAKKIKAKKI 969.19969.19 972.43972.43NILGIRISNILGIRIS

TOTALTOTAL

ENERGYENERGY30-Nov-0330-Nov-03

ENERGYENERGY30-Nov-0430-Nov-04

RISE IN RISE IN MUMU

% % RISERISE

514514 440440 - 7474 -1414

21482148 27082708 560560 2626

10621062 17871787 725725 6868

947947 14131413 466466 4949

528528 612612 8484 1616

559559 14631463 904904 162162

57585758 84238423 26652665 4646• Only 7500MUs Reserve till next monsoon (6 Months)• 40 MUs/day could be generated as against about 70 MUs/day at present.

99

GRID OPERATION:GRID OPERATION: A TIGHT ROPE WALK A TIGHT ROPE WALK

BLACK-OUT VOLTAGE

COLLAPSE IN-ECONOMIC

OPERATION

INSTABILITYPOWER SWINGS

INCREASED

LOSSES

100

UI IN SR (FROM 01/01/03 TO UI IN SR (FROM 01/01/03 TO 10/10/04)10/10/04)

TOTAL UI TURNOVER :- 5551 MUTOTAL UI TURNOVER :- 5551 MU

TOTAL UI AMOUNT DISBURSED:- TOTAL UI AMOUNT DISBURSED:- 1065 CR1065 CR

AVG WEEKLY TRANSACTION:- 60 MUAVG WEEKLY TRANSACTION:- 60 MU

AVG WEEKLY UI AMOUNT AVG WEEKLY UI AMOUNT DISBURSED:- 11.45 CRDISBURSED:- 11.45 CR

101

APAP KARKAR KERKER TNTN PONDPONDYY

Total UI Total UI exported(-) / exported(-) / Imported(+) Imported(+)

in MUsin MUs

--31873187 27082708 994994 10181018 -32-32

Total amount Total amount paid in paid in

Crores Rs.Crores Rs.-616-616 481481 170170 242242 -2-2

Average rate Average rate of UI in of UI in

paise/unitpaise/unit193193 178178 171171 238238 7474

SUMMARY OF UI – 93 WKSSUMMARY OF UI – 93 WKS(FROM 01/JAN/03 TO 10/OCT/04)(FROM 01/JAN/03 TO 10/OCT/04)

102

INTER-REGIONAL EXCHANGES WR A/C INTER-REGIONAL EXCHANGES WR A/C DETAILS UPTO 93 WKSDETAILS UPTO 93 WKS

TILL 10/10/04TILL 10/10/04

1. NET ENERGY TRANSACTION IS 146 MU (IMPORT BY SR).

2. AMOUNT ACCRUED IN SREB – IRE DUE TO DIFF. IN WR A/C = 41.83Crs

3. AMOUNT TO BE ACCRUED IN WREB – IRE DUE TO DIFF. IN SR A/C = 27.71Crs

4. AMOUNT DUE TO SR CONSTITUENTS ON 50:50 BASIS = 34.73Crs

5. AMOUNT ALREADY DISBURSED TO SR CONSTITUENTS = 33.39Crs

103

UI – ITS MANYAVATARS!

It's more than what meets It's more than what meets the eye!!!!the eye!!!!

104

WHAT’S OUR WHAT’S OUR OBJECTIVE?OBJECTIVE?

ECONOMIC OPERATION OF THE ECONOMIC OPERATION OF THE GRIDGRID

PROMOTE TRADEPROMOTE TRADE STABILITY OF THE GRIDSTABILITY OF THE GRID ROBUST SETTLEMENT SYSTEMROBUST SETTLEMENT SYSTEM COMMERCIAL MECHANISM WHICH COMMERCIAL MECHANISM WHICH

COMPLEMENTS SECURITYCOMPLEMENTS SECURITY SEAMLESS CHANGE PROCESSSEAMLESS CHANGE PROCESS FREEDOMFREEDOM

105

LET’S SEE HOW LET’S SEE HOW THE UI THE UI

MECHANISM OF MECHANISM OF ABT TAKES ON ABT TAKES ON MANY MANY AVATARSAVATARS

106

THE MANY THE MANY AAVVAATTAARRSS PROMOTING TRADEPROMOTING TRADE COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENTCOMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT OPEN ACCESSOPEN ACCESS BALANCING/SPOT MARKETBALANCING/SPOT MARKET ROBUST SETTLEMENT MECHANISMROBUST SETTLEMENT MECHANISM NASH EQUILIBRIUMNASH EQUILIBRIUM ULTIMATE OPTIMISERULTIMATE OPTIMISER OPEN AND FAIR MARKET PLACEOPEN AND FAIR MARKET PLACE WIN-WIN PLATFORMWIN-WIN PLATFORM

107

IT’S SIMPLICITY IT’S SIMPLICITY ITSELF!ITSELF!

INEXPENSIVE TO IMPLEMENTINEXPENSIVE TO IMPLEMENT MINIMUM LOGISTICSMINIMUM LOGISTICS METERING IN PLACE IN MOST PLACESMETERING IN PLACE IN MOST PLACES

PRICE SIGNAL AVAILABLE AT ANY PRICE SIGNAL AVAILABLE AT ANY POWER OUTLET POWER OUTLET !!

EASY SETTLEMENTEASY SETTLEMENT EASE OF REGULATIONEASE OF REGULATION EASY TO UNDERSTAND AND EASY TO UNDERSTAND AND

IMPLEMENTIMPLEMENT

108

THE THE AAVVAATTAARRSS OF UI OF UI SETTLEMENT FRAMEWORKSETTLEMENT FRAMEWORK

PUMPED STORAGEPUMPED STORAGE MERCHANT GENERATORMERCHANT GENERATOR CAPTIVE POWER PLANTCAPTIVE POWER PLANT DISCOMSDISCOMS ARBITRAGEARBITRAGE

CATALYST FOR COALITIONCATALYST FOR COALITION CO-OPERATION THROUGH NON-CO-OPERATIONCO-OPERATION THROUGH NON-CO-OPERATION SELF HEALING MECHANISM’SELF HEALING MECHANISM’ TRANSPARENCYTRANSPARENCY IMPOSSIBLE TO RIG PRICESIMPOSSIBLE TO RIG PRICES NEUTRALITYNEUTRALITY PSEUDO COMPETITORPSEUDO COMPETITOR PAYMENT SECURITY THROUGH THE POOLPAYMENT SECURITY THROUGH THE POOL FREEDOM OF CHOICEFREEDOM OF CHOICE ELIMINATES ELABORATE CONTRACTUAL ELIMINATES ELABORATE CONTRACTUAL

AGREEMENTSAGREEMENTS

109

THE BASIC PREMISE THE BASIC PREMISE OF UIOF UI

HELPING THE GRID GETS HELPING THE GRID GETS REWARDED, HURTING THE GRID REWARDED, HURTING THE GRID IS PENALISEDIS PENALISED

UI Mechanism presumes constraint-less UI Mechanism presumes constraint-less transmission system and ignores the transmission system and ignores the losses.losses.

UI market of a few crores regulates a UI market of a few crores regulates a market more than 100 times its size.market more than 100 times its size.

110

ISSUES OF INTERESTISSUES OF INTEREST

Further refinementsFurther refinements

111

FURTHER REFINEMENTSFURTHER REFINEMENTS CAN IT BE OPTIMISED FURTHER?CAN IT BE OPTIMISED FURTHER? IS IT KEEPING PACE WITH MARKET IS IT KEEPING PACE WITH MARKET

MATURITY?MATURITY? DOES IT PROVIDE FLEXIBILITY TO THE GRID DOES IT PROVIDE FLEXIBILITY TO THE GRID

OPERATOR ?OPERATOR ? COULD IT CAUSE FURTHER ECONOMY IN REAL COULD IT CAUSE FURTHER ECONOMY IN REAL

TIME OPERATION ?TIME OPERATION ? SHOULD IT NECESSARILY HAVE TO BE SAME SHOULD IT NECESSARILY HAVE TO BE SAME

FOR ALL THE REGIONS?FOR ALL THE REGIONS? UI ACTS AS REFERENCE FOR THE PRICE OF UI ACTS AS REFERENCE FOR THE PRICE OF

BILATERAL TRADE – IS THAT GOOD?BILATERAL TRADE – IS THAT GOOD? IS THE UI PRICE TOO HIGH OR TOO LOW ?IS THE UI PRICE TOO HIGH OR TOO LOW ? DOES IT ENCOURAGE OR DOES IT HINDER DOES IT ENCOURAGE OR DOES IT HINDER

TRADE?TRADE?

112

FURTHER REFINEMENTSFURTHER REFINEMENTS

CHANGE THE SLOPE ?CHANGE THE SLOPE ? CHANGE THE FREQUENCY RANGE ?CHANGE THE FREQUENCY RANGE ? DIFFERENT CURVES FOR BUY/SELL ?DIFFERENT CURVES FOR BUY/SELL ? DIFFERENT CURVES FOR DIFFERENT DIFFERENT CURVES FOR DIFFERENT

SEASON ?SEASON ? MULTI SLOPE/ KINKS ?MULTI SLOPE/ KINKS ? TIME-OF-DAY ELEMENT ?TIME-OF-DAY ELEMENT ?