South Asia

Indian SubcontinentIndian Subcontinent

Very Troubled GiantVery Troubled Giant

• Bulging Bulging populationpopulation

• Limited resourcesLimited resources

• Many Cultural Many Cultural and Religious and Religious conflictsconflicts

• Economic Economic InequitiesInequities

Top 10 Populated CountriesTop 10 Populated CountriesChinaChina 1,270,000,000 1,270,000,000 IndiaIndia 1,030,000,0001,030,000,000 United StatesUnited States 281,421,906 281,421,906 IndonesiaIndonesia 224,784,210 224,784,210 BrazilBrazil 172,860,370 172,860,370 RussiaRussia 146,001,176 146,001,176 PakistanPakistan 141,553,775 141,553,775 BangladeshBangladesh 129,194,224 129,194,224 JapanJapan 126,549,976 126,549,976 NigeriaNigeria 123,337,822123,337,822

Los Angeles Times March 29, 2001Los Angeles Times March 29, 2001

• All of these things All of these things combine to combine to hamper this hamper this region in its region in its economic and economic and social progresssocial progress

• All of these help All of these help create Political create Political instability for instability for most countries in most countries in the regionthe region

BE DE AE (define)BE DE AE (define)

South Asia-BESouth Asia-BE

• Indus river civilization-Hinduism-Indus river civilization-Hinduism-CasteCaste system system is establishedis established

• Birth of Birth of SiddharthaSiddhartha …Buddha 6th century …Buddha 6th century B.C.B.C.

• 900’s Islam diffuses into and through this 900’s Islam diffuses into and through this region, by 1300’s the Punjab region is almost region, by 1300’s the Punjab region is almost totally Muslim totally Muslim

Islam appealed to the Hindus of the lower Islam appealed to the Hindus of the lower levels of the Caste system.levels of the Caste system.

South Asia-DESouth Asia-DE--British gain control British gain control

of the European of the European spice, cotton, silk, spice, cotton, silk, and tea tradeand tea trade

-British East India -British East India Company -- All Company -- All intra- intra- asia tradeasia trade

-The company was -The company was the Governing the Governing Administration Administration

Very Very Ineffective - Ineffective - CorruptCorrupt

1857-Sepoy 1857-Sepoy Rebellion-British Rebellion-British Government takes Government takes over over Administration of Administration of India as a colony-India as a colony-

The Raj = rule The Raj = rule until 1947until 1947

British Economic British Economic ExploitationExploitation

• Typical=as in the Typical=as in the USUS

• Changed India Changed India from a from a manufacturing manufacturing country country (exporting=profit(exporting=profit) to a country ) to a country that exported that exported raw materialsraw materials

• Imported finished Imported finished (manufactured) (manufactured) goods- goods-

• Increased costs Increased costs hurt farmers the hurt farmers the most-majority of most-majority of the populations the populations were farmerswere farmers

British Economic British Economic Exploitation Exploitation (cont.)(cont.)

• British attempted to British attempted to end the caste system- end the caste system- Still existsStill exists

• British could not unify British could not unify the subcontinent the subcontinent (South Asia)(South Asia)

• Because the Because the government government attempted to meet attempted to meet agreements made by agreements made by the Britishthe British

East India East India Company=these Company=these agreementsagreements

-Created 600 -Created 600 sovereign territoriessovereign territories

-Small territories -Small territories had “advisers”had “advisers”

British Economic British Economic Exploitation Exploitation (cont.)(cont.)

• Large ones had commissioners or Large ones had commissioners or Governors who would give and Governors who would give and receive information-mandates-Laws, receive information-mandates-Laws, etc. from the “Viceroy of India”etc. from the “Viceroy of India”

• Who had to Who had to communicate communicate needs-concern to needs-concern to and from and from parliamentparliament

• British British colonization had colonization had its positive its positive influences alsoinfluences also Creation of the Creation of the

“Great Indian “Great Indian Railroad” highway Railroad” highway systemsystem

Positive influences of Positive influences of British colonizationBritish colonization

• Irrigation canalsIrrigation canals

• Increased educationIncreased education

• Stopped “suttee”Stopped “suttee”

Female InfanticideFemale Infanticide

(child) arranged marriages(child) arranged marriages

“ “Caste System”Caste System”

After EuropeansAfter Europeans

A.E. India becomes a A.E. India becomes a federal State (1947)federal State (1947)

23 states23 states

7 Union 7 Union TerritoriesTerritories

Lingua Franca = EnglishLingua Franca = English

Pakistan is created - Pakistan is created - Islamic RepublicIslamic Republic

GANDHIGANDHI

Major ReligionsMajor Religions India India PakistanPakistan

Hindu 85+ % Muslim 92%Hindu 85+ % Muslim 92%

Muslim 11% Christian 1%Muslim 11% Christian 1%

Sikh 2%Sikh 2%

Although Although IndiaIndia occupies only 2.4% of the world's occupies only 2.4% of the world's land area, it supports over 16% of the world's land area, it supports over 16% of the world's population. Currently it is the second most population. Currently it is the second most populous nation on Earth, though if current populous nation on Earth, though if current trends persist, India will replace trends persist, India will replace ChinaChina as the as the most populous nation in less than 40 years. most populous nation in less than 40 years. Almost 40% of Indians are younger than 15 Almost 40% of Indians are younger than 15 years of age. More than 70% of the people live years of age. More than 70% of the people live in more than 550,000 villages, and the in more than 550,000 villages, and the remainder in more than 200 towns and cities.remainder in more than 200 towns and cities.

India-India-demography.pngdemography.png (20KB, MIME type: (20KB, MIME type:

image/png) image/png)

Centrifugal -VS- Centripetal Centrifugal -VS- Centripetal ForcesForces

DefineDefine Centrifugal-Centrifugal- Centripetal-Centripetal-Centrifugal forces in IndiaCentrifugal forces in India-- Caste SystemCaste System Mixed ReligionsMixed Religions Economic InequitiesEconomic Inequities Poor communicationPoor communication Transportation systemTransportation system

Centrifugal -VS- CentripetalCentrifugal -VS- Centripetal

Low Educational Low Educational levellevel

Many languages- 20 Many languages- 20 plus different plus different dialectsdialects

PopulationPopulation Agricultural based Agricultural based

economy economy MonsoonsMonsoons

Centripetal Forces Centripetal Forces in India-in India-

Caste systemCaste system

Hinduism-Hinduism-philosophy of life philosophy of life as much as religionas much as religion

Communication Communication system- better system- better than mostthan most

Disadvantaged, Disadvantaged, underdevelopedunderdeveloped

-1947 opposition to -1947 opposition to British rule was British rule was Ghandi, NehruGhandi, Nehru

God, life, universe, God, life, universe, nature are cyclic-nature are cyclic-

non-linearnon-linear *What you *What you

practice in life is practice in life is more important more important than what you than what you claim to believeclaim to believe

HinduismHinduism

HinduismHinduism

One of two oldest One of two oldest religions in the world religions in the world (Judaism) 5000 years old(Judaism) 5000 years old

No 1 God- many different No 1 God- many different gods- 3000gods- 3000

example- example- creation, preservation, creation, preservation,

destruction:destruction:

forest fire, seasonsforest fire, seasons

God is revealed in all of God is revealed in all of lifelife

Hinduism (cont.)Hinduism (cont.)

*Because this is a way *Because this is a way of life in India, there of life in India, there cannot be a separation cannot be a separation of church and of church and governmentgovernment

*Places of worship-*Places of worship-usually in the homeusually in the home

-some temples -some temples in Indiain India

-Hari Krishna as close as -Hari Krishna as close as you can find in the you can find in the U.S.U.S.

*Karma-refers to that *Karma-refers to that which one which one doesdoes

-This determines -This determines your status of rebirthyour status of rebirth

*Moksha the ultimate *Moksha the ultimate goal of India religion is goal of India religion is to stop the cycle of to stop the cycle of rebirth, “to achieve rebirth, “to achieve release”( The same as release”( The same as Buddhism’s Buddhism’s “Nirvana”)“Nirvana”)

Anapurna

Hinduism (cont.)Hinduism (cont.)

““Caste” system- List Caste” system- List points from readingpoints from reading

Understand the link Understand the link between this and between this and HinduismHinduism

Ayurveda-Ayurvedic Ayurveda-Ayurvedic healing/medicinehealing/medicine

Has a growing Has a growing following today in following today in the U.S. -Deepak the U.S. -Deepak ChopraChopra

Define: Using ones Define: Using ones Mind,Mind, body type, body type, diet and exercise to diet and exercise to maintain health and maintain health and to heal. (Body as a to heal. (Body as a pharmacy)pharmacy)

(Search “Deepak (Search “Deepak Chopra lecture Chopra lecture Youtube’,,,one on Youtube’,,,one on one)one)