Sonam Parmar

8/13/2019 Sonam Parmar

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PRESENTED BY:

SONAL JUHI

SUBMITTED TO:

SONAMPARMAR


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HISTORICALMUMENTSIOFAGRA


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Guru-ka-Tal

Guru ka Tal was originally a reservoir meant tocollect and conserve rainwater built in Agra, nearSikandra, during Jehangir's reign next to the Tombof Itibar Khan Khwajasara in 1610. It had brick andrubble masonry embankments and retainingwalls. People believe that Itibar Khan Khwajasarafounded it and thus, his tomb was built on its

eastern side. The spacious tank is square in shapeand has a broad and long ramp paved with uprightbricks and stone slabs called 'Khurra' on itssouthern side and a stepped ghat on either side.These walls boast of four double-storeyedoctagonal towers. The upper storey of these towers

are built in the contemporary architectural style ofthat time with beautiful octagonal chhatri withpillars and brackets and stone hooks on all sidesprobably meant for tent ropes. The red sandstonewas used as the primary construction material ofthe ghat but it seems that originally cupolas of thechhatris appear were plastered or decorated with

glazed tiles.


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Jami Masjid Agra

Jami Masjid, built in 1648, is situatedopposite to Delhi Gate in the heart of the

city. The red sandstone mosque is very

simple and has just a little use of white

marble. It was built by Jahanara Begum,

daughter of Mughal Emperor Shah Jehan,

at a cost of five lakh rupees. Set on a highplinth, it has well-balanced proportions and

a courtyard surrounded by cloisters on three

of its sides and the prayer chamber on its

western side. The cloisters have engrailed

arches supported on pillars. The main

entrance is through the eastern side. Theprayer chamber has a faade with a broad

arched iwan in its centre and is adorned

with slender turrets alternated with kiosks.

Its dome is the largest and highest of the

three domes crowning the sanctuary.


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Fatehpur Sikri

Fatehpur Sikri was planned as a

great town by Akbar with greatcare and planning in the honor ofSheikh Salim Chisti but had to beabandoned only after fifteen yearsdue to scarcity of water in thetown. Sheikh Salim Chishti was aSufi saint who blessed the Akbar

with his first son and heir, whowas named Salim after him andlater came to be known as

Jehangir. The town was otiginally

named Sikri after the village,where it was founded but its twincity Fatehpur (Victory Town) waserected to celebrate Akbar'sconquest of Gujarat in June 1573.


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Kanch Mahal

Kanch Mahal is set near Akbar's Tomb atSikandara. The beautiful square monument

showcases Mughal domestic architecture at itsbest. One can still see the remnants of theCharbagh with its causeways, water channelsand tanks, where it was situated. According tothe belief, it was used formerly as a Mahal orRpyal Ladies' Resort and then as the royalShikargah (Hunting Lodge) by Jehangir. Builtsometime between 1605 -19, it is now in ruins.Previously, it was under the Church MissionarySociety but now Department of Archaeologylooks after it. The two storeyed mansion has acentral square hall roofed by a vaulted soffit.Four square rooms with two openings for

ventilation are situated in the four corners of thebuilding. These rooms also have opening on twosides for the purpose of ventilation. Theoctagonal double pillars on the raised plinth ontwo sides of the hall serve the purpose of apedestal for the piers on the second storey.


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gra or

Ever since Babur defeated and

killed Ibrahin Lodi at Panipat in1526, Agra played an importantcenter of Mughal Empire. Akbarchose this city on the bank of River

Yamuna as his capital and

proceeded to build a strong citadelfor the purpose. It is said that hedestroyed the damaged old fort of

Agra for the purpose and raisedthis grand group of monumentsinstead in red sandstone. Startedin 1565, it took eight years andthirty-five lakh rupees to completeits construction and is second onlyto Taj in Agra. Qasim Khan MirBarr-u-Bahr supervised the

construction of this building.


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Sikandra

Akbar started building his own mausoleum,

near Agra, that was to be a perfect blend ofHindu, Christian, Islamic, Buddhist andJain designs and motifs, bespeaking of hisreligious tolerance and secular views.However, he could not complete it and died.Thus, his son Jehangir completed his tomb,

popularly known as Sikandra after SikandraLodi, who established the community whereAkbar's Tomb is located. However, Jehangirmade quite a number of alterations in theoriginal plan, in keeping with thedevelopment of Mughal art and

architecture. The tomb has three-storeyedred sandstone minarets displayingwondrous inlay work of marble on the fourcorners of the building. 'Langurs', black-faced monkeys have found a safe haven inthe beautiful gardens surrounding the

mausoleum and often stray to the walkwaystoo.


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Mariam-Zamani Tomb

The daughter of Raja Bharmal

Kachhwaha of Ambar or Amer, thewife of great Mughal Emperor Akbarand the mother of his much-awaitedheir Salim, this Rajpur queen wasknown in Mughal History as'Mariam Zamani' meaning'Compassionate to the World'. She

was so named by Akbar on the eve ofthe birth of his son and heir Salim(later known as Jehangir) in 1569 atFatehpur Sikri. When she died in

1623 at Agra, Jehangir built a stylishtomb for his mother close to thetomb of Akbar within the compoundof Christian Missionary Society.These tombs are situated in Sikandra

region, which was so named becauseSikander Lodi was its founder.


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Taj Mahal

The daughter of Raja BharmalKachhwaha of Ambar or Amer, the wife ofgreat Mughal Emperor Akbar and themother of his much-awaited heir Salim,this Rajpur queen was known in MughalHistory as 'Mariam Zamani' meaning

'Compassionate to the World'. She was sonamed by Akbar on the eve of the birth ofhis son and heir Salim (later known asJehangir) in 1569 at Fatehpur Sikri. Whenshe died in 1623 at Agra, Jehangir built astylish tomb for his mother close to the

tomb of Akbar within the compound ofChristian Missionary Society. Thesetombs are situated in Sikandra region,which was so named because SikanderLodi was its founder.

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