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Soil Summary 2019-2020
Soil Nutrient Status
For this year’s annual soil summary, we have again split our focus on the four different crop categories with data summarised according to the nutrient levels specified in the 9th Edition of the RB209. The data includes summarised P, K, Mg data for all soil samples submitted between June 2019 and May 2020 along with over 25 years of trended data. This year’s summary also includes details on the importance of trace elements and ensuring you are maximising your crops yield potential.
Arable andForage Soils
Grassland Vegetable andBulb Soils
Fruit, Vines andHops Soils
Phosphorus Phosphorus Phosphorus Phosphorus
32% of soils at target value 30% of soils at target value 35% of soils at target value 11% of soils at target value
Magnesium Magnesium Magnesium Magnesium
42% of soils at target value 33% of soils at target value 49% of soils at target value 36% of soils at target value > Index 2 < Index 2
Index 2 > Index 2 < Index 2
Index 2 > Index 2 < Index 2
Index 2 > Index 2 < Index 2
Index 2
Potassium Potassium Potassium Potassium
32% of soils at target value 26% of soils at target value 21% of soils at target value 37% of soils at target value > Index 2- < Index 2-
Index 2- > Index 2- < Index 2-
Index 2- > Index 2+ < Index 2+
Index 2+ > Index 2 < Index 2
Index 2
> Index 2 < Index 2 Index 2
> Index 2 < Index 2 Index 2
> Index 3 < Index 3 Index 3
> Index 2 < Index 2 Index 2
43%
25%
32%
35%
35%
30%24%
41%
35%
74% 15%
11%
34%
24%
42%
59%
8%
33%
32%
19%
49%
58%
6%
36%
41%
27%
32% 29%
45%
26% 21%
58%
21%
46%
17%
37%
The Importance of Trace Elements
Even though water makes up around nine tenths of a plant, the elemental nutrient composition of the remaining dry matter plays a vital role in successful growth. Their relative deficiency or excess can affect crop development resulting in lower yield potential and crop profitability.
Applications of bagged fertiliser containing trace elements is not standard practice for many farms. Instead some
nutrients may be applied with the farm sprayer as part of a tank mix, or as a result of applications of organic
material such as FYM. A broad spectrum of trace elements, including copper, iron, manganese, sodium, and zinc
are essential for plant growth.
Liebig introduced his ‘law of minimum’ (below) which
describes crop production as being limited by the nutrient in
shortest supply. For example, once the Nitrogen need of a
crop is met, another element such as Phosphorus potentially
becomes limiting. Liebig’s law demonstrates that in order to
manage a crops nutrition, first you must measure to identify
the limiting factor.
pH 38%
Phosphorous 27%
Potassium 32%
Magnesium 15%
Calcium 44%
Copper 38%
Zinc 46%
Iron 1%
Sulphur 29%
Molybdenum 16%
Manganese 43%
Boron 17%
Nutrient % of samples
deficient
Percentage of soil samples received at
NRM in an 8-year period (2010-2018)
which were indexed as deficient according
to the RB209.
Soil conditions and other growth factors
YIELD
Light
Molybdenum
Manganese
Iron
Boron
Nitrogen
Calcium
Magnesium
Sulphur
Potassium
PhosphorousZinc
Copper
SodiumW
ater
It is not only a deficit nutrient level which can be the limiting factor, excessive levels affect the plants nutrient
balance. Nutrients can behave in both a Synergistic and Antagonistic way. In other words, nutrients can either help
each other to perform their tasks or hinder each other.
Agri-Nutrient Service
Growers today are scrutinising every production cost, with the aim of growing sustainable and more profitable crops. Analysing nutrient levels and understanding any soil deficiencies, enables better management to maximise crop yield potential.
The NRM Agri-Nutrient Service provides a flexible broad-spectrum soil analysis solution that represents great
value. Both the standard UK agricultural extractions, and the Mehlich III universal extraction methods are used
to deliver a service with the usual high standards NRM’s reputation has been built upon.
The broad spectrum Agri-Nutrient Service offers a number of analysis options including pH, P, K, Mg, Na, Ca, Fe,
Zn, Cu, S, Mn, Mo and Co, with the option of adding Organic Matter (LOI), Textural Classification and Boron. This
flexible service represents a vital tool in helping to make informed plant nutrition decisions.
The new style of report displays all the results for a single sample on
one page to make is easier to interpret your nutrient levels. The report
also incorporates some aspects of the standard soil report you may
have seen before.
The standard soil analysis results are displayed as the index (from
RB209 9th Edition) and the nutrient value in mg/l. All other results
are displayed graphically in relation to optimum level.
Each sample report will include
numbered notes which refer
to recommendations given
based on nutrient levels.
The recommendations are
based on either RB209, RB247
or Field Trials depending on
the nutrient.
For further information on the
analytical services that NRM provides,
please contact our customer service
team on 01344 886 338 or by email
Elements pH P K Mg Na Ca Fe Zn Cu S Mn Mo CoIncluded
Optional Organic Matter (LOI) Textural Classification Hot Water-Soluble BoronExtras
Part of the Cawood Scientifi c Group
NRM Coopers Bridge, Braziers Lane, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6NS
Tel: 01344 886 338 Fax: 01344 890 972 Email: [email protected] Website: www.nrm.uk.com
NRM Laboratories is a division of Cawood Scientifi c Ltd, Coopers Bridge, Braziers Lane, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6NS Registered Number: 05655711
AGRI-NUTRIENT SAVER SERVICE REPORT
Client : A FARMERTOPHILL FARMSOMERSET
Contact : ANALYSED BY COURTESY OF
NRM LABORATORIES
COOPERS BRIDGE
BRAZIERS LANE
BRACKNELLBERKSHIRE RG42 6NS
Tel. : 01344 886338 U 49
Please quote the above code for all enquiries
Sample Matrix : Agricultural Soil
Date Received 23-Apr-20
Date Reported 26-Jul-20
Laboratory Reference
Card Number 88149/20
Sample Number 717760/20
Notes (*)(1) Sodium is a non essential plant nutrient. It is seldom, if ever, deficient except for Sugar Beet and Spinach. No crops show recognisable symptoms of sodium
deficiency. Some crops can respond to sodium fertiliser when the potassium level is just adequate or low. At the level of sodium and potassium found in this
soil, no response to sodium fertiliser would be expected.
(2) Calcium plays an important role in soil fertility and its status is reflected in the pH of the soil. Plants thrive best when the predominant base in the soil is
calcium. If other bases, such as magnesium, potassium or sodium are present in amounts equal to or greater than calcium, nutritional disturbances can occur.
Correction is by application of a calcium based liming material.
(3) Zinc deficiency in UK soils is fairly uncommon. Symptoms may be seen if the spring growing conditions are cool and wet. However, crops sensitive to zinc will
require either a foliar spray or soil application when the soil level is low. Beans, Maize, Fruit Trees (Apples) and Onions have a high response to zinc. Root
Crops (including Potatoes and Sugar Beet), Barley, Strawberries and Tomatoes may be responsive to zinc under certain conditions. Winter Wheat has a low
response to zinc applications and specialist advice should be sought before applying zinc as foliar spray or soil application.
(4) Correlation between the standard method used by NRM for plant available Manganese (DTPA Extractable) and Mehlich III is only significant with a pH of less
than 6.5. In soil samples with a pH of > 6.5 the correlation between the methods is not significant so we recommend caution in the interpretation of these
(5) Very high levels of iron are common in soil, as it is one of the most abundant elements in soils and rocks. High levels are not generally associated with excess
iron availability to the plant but may have implications in the availability of other elements to the growing crop, such as manganese, zinc and copper.
(6) Plants absorb sulphur as the sulphate ion. Sulphates are not retained in the soil, to any great extent, they are soluble and tend to move with the soil water and
are readily leached by high rainfall or irrigation. This is particularly true for low capacity (sandy) soils. Sulphur behaves very much like nitrogen, the
largest pool of sulphur is contained within the organic matter. The sulphate sulphur becomes available to the plant via bacterial breakdown of the organic
matter, atmospheric sulphur and other forms of reduced sulphur. Intensification of agriculture, improved crop varieties, the use of sulphur free fertilisers and
control of atmospheric pollution have aggravated the sulphur deficiency problem. In many UK soils, the distribution of sulphate sulphur may not be consistent
throughout the soil profile. A profile test down to 90cm should be considered before using the soil test levels alone to calculate fertiliser sulphur
requirements. If the soil has relatively high sulphur levels at lower depths, the amounts can be reduced. The best method of building soil sulphur reserves is by
adding organic materials and maintaining an adequate organic matter content. Where satisfactory organic sulphur reserves cannot be maintained, certain
fertilisers or amendments have to be used to supply the crop with its sulphur requirement.
(7) Low molybdenum levels can be caused by low soil pH (less than 5.5) and/or high levels of phosphate. Acid, sandy soils are most affected. Legumes are
particularly susceptible to molybdenum deficiency and plants suffering from low levels of molybdenum will lack vigour and the leaves become light green. The
symptoms are very similar to nitrogen deficiency, however, non legumes will show symptoms of excess nitrate. The leaves develop yellowish areas and may curl or
cup upwards and become distorted. The soil pH should be adjusted (see lime recommendations) to target pH for the crop. This will increase molybdenum
availability. Soil applications or foliar sprays can be used to correct for molybdenum deficiency. The correlation between extractable molybdenum and crop
response is the weakest of all the essential nutrients. Therefore it is recommended that plant tissue analysis is carried out in conjunction with soil analysis.
Mehlich III is not suitable for extracting Mo due to the low pH of the extracting solution. Any results obtained for Mo from this extraction process will
Part of the Cawood Scientifi c Group
NRM Coopers Bridge, Braziers Lane, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6NSTel: 01344 886 338 Fax: 01344 890 972 Email: [email protected] Website: www.nrm.uk.com
NRM Laboratories is a division of Cawood Scientifi c Ltd, Coopers Bridge, Braziers Lane, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6NS Registered Number: 05655711
AGRI-NUTRIENT SAVER SERVICE REPORT
Client : A FARMERTOPHILL FARMSOMERSET
Contact : ANALYSED BY COURTESY OFNRM LABORATORIESCOOPERS BRIDGEBRAZIERS LANEBRACKNELLBERKSHIRE RG42 6NSTel. : 01344 886338U 49Please quote the above code for all enquiries
Sample Matrix : Agricultural Soil
Date Received 23-Apr-20Date Reported 26-Jul-20
Laboratory ReferenceCard Number 88149/20Sample Number 717759/20
Sample Ref: BIG FIELDSoil pH : 7.3
4 acres Winter Wheat into Winter Wheat
Notes (*)Index Result Deficient Marginal Target Marginal Excessive
Available Phosphate - P mg/l
17.1 2
Available Potash - K mg/l
49 0
Available Magnesium mg/l
174 3
Ammonium Nitrate Extractable Sodium mg/l110.01
Ammonium Nitrate Extractable Calcium mg/l480.02
Mehlich III Extractable Copper mg/l
3.6Mehlich III Extractable Zinc mg/l
3.03Mehlich III Extractable Manganese mg/l
20.14Mehlich III Extractable Iron mg/l
222.05Mehlich III Extractable Sulphate mg/l
40.46Mehlich III Extractable Molybdenum mg/l
<0.57Mehlich III Extractable Cobalt mg/l
0.38Estimated Cation Exchange Capacity meq/100g
7.99(*) See notes pages
Trends in pH, P, K, & Mg 1994 – 2020:
Grass samplesArable samples
For further information on the analytical services that NRM provides to the agricultural sector please contact our customer service team on 01344 886 338 or by email at [email protected]
Trend in mean Mg
Year
5.00
5.50
6.00
6.50
7.00
7.50
94/9
5
95/9
6
96/9
7
97/9
8
98/9
9
99/0
0
00/0
1
01/0
2
02/0
3
03/0
4
04/0
5
05/0
6
06/0
7
07/0
8
08/0
9
09/1
0
10/1
1
11/1
2
12/1
3
13/1
4
14/1
5
15/1
6
16/1
7
17/1
8
18/1
9
19/2
0
pH
Trend in mean pH
15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35
94/9
5
95/9
6
96/9
7
97/9
8
98/9
9
99/0
0
00/0
1
01/0
2
02/0
3
03/0
4
04/0
5
05/0
6
06/0
7
07/0
8
08/0
9
09/1
0
10/1
1
11/1
2
12/1
3
13/1
4
14/1
5
15/1
6
16/1
7
17/1
8
18/1
9
19/2
0
Soil
P (m
g/l)
Trend in mean P
100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
94/9
5
95/9
6
96/9
7
97/9
8
98/9
9
99/0
0
00/0
1
01/0
2
02/0
3
03/0
4
04/0
5
05/0
6
06/0
7
07/0
8
08/0
9
09/1
0
10/1
1
11/1
2
12/1
3
13/1
4
14/1
5
15/1
6
16/1
7
17/1
8
18/1
9
19/2
0
Soil
K (m
g/l)
Trend in mean K
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
94/9
5
95/9
6
96/9
7
97/9
8
98/9
9
99/0
0
00/0
1
01/0
2
02/0
3
03/0
4
04/0
5
05/0
6
06/0
7
07/0
8
08/0
9
09/1
0
10/1
1
11/1
2
12/1
3
13/1
4
14/1
5
15/1
6
16/1
7
17/1
8
18/1
9
19/2
0
Soil
Mg
(mg/
l)
Trend in mean Mg
Trend in mean P
Year
5.00
5.50
6.00
6.50
7.00
7.50
94/9
5
95/9
6
96/9
7
97/9
8
98/9
9
99/0
0
00/0
1
01/0
2
02/0
3
03/0
4
04/0
5
05/0
6
06/0
7
07/0
8
08/0
9
09/1
0
10/1
1
11/1
2
12/1
3
13/1
4
14/1
5
15/1
6
16/1
7
17/1
8
18/1
9
19/2
0
pH
Trend in mean pH
15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35
94/9
5
95/9
6
96/9
7
97/9
8
98/9
9
99/0
0
00/0
1
01/0
2
02/0
3
03/0
4
04/0
5
05/0
6
06/0
7
07/0
8
08/0
9
09/1
0
10/1
1
11/1
2
12/1
3
13/1
4
14/1
5
15/1
6
16/1
7
17/1
8
18/1
9
19/2
0
Soil
P (m
g/l)
Trend in mean P
100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
94/9
5
95/9
6
96/9
7
97/9
8
98/9
9
99/0
0
00/0
1
01/0
2
02/0
3
03/0
4
04/0
5
05/0
6
06/0
7
07/0
8
08/0
9
09/1
0
10/1
1
11/1
2
12/1
3
13/1
4
14/1
5
15/1
6
16/1
7
17/1
8
18/1
9
19/2
0
Soil
K (m
g/l)
Trend in mean K
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
94/9
5
95/9
6
96/9
7
97/9
8
98/9
9
99/0
0
00/0
1
01/0
2
02/0
3
03/0
4
04/0
5
05/0
6
06/0
7
07/0
8
08/0
9
09/1
0
10/1
1
11/1
2
12/1
3
13/1
4
14/1
5
15/1
6
16/1
7
17/1
8
18/1
9
19/2
0
Soil
Mg
(mg/
l)
Trend in mean Mg
Trend in mean pH
Year
5.00
5.50
6.00
6.50
7.00
7.50
94/9
5
95/9
6
96/9
7
97/9
8
98/9
9
99/0
0
00/0
1
01/0
2
02/0
3
03/0
4
04/0
5
05/0
6
06/0
7
07/0
8
08/0
9
09/1
0
10/1
1
11/1
2
12/1
3
13/1
4
14/1
5
15/1
6
16/1
7
17/1
8
18/1
9
19/2
0
pH
Trend in mean pH
15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35
94/9
5
95/9
6
96/9
7
97/9
8
98/9
9
99/0
0
00/0
1
01/0
2
02/0
3
03/0
4
04/0
5
05/0
6
06/0
7
07/0
8
08/0
9
09/1
0
10/1
1
11/1
2
12/1
3
13/1
4
14/1
5
15/1
6
16/1
7
17/1
8
18/1
9
19/2
0
Soil
P (m
g/l)
Trend in mean P
100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
94/9
5
95/9
6
96/9
7
97/9
8
98/9
9
99/0
0
00/0
1
01/0
2
02/0
3
03/0
4
04/0
5
05/0
6
06/0
7
07/0
8
08/0
9
09/1
0
10/1
1
11/1
2
12/1
3
13/1
4
14/1
5
15/1
6
16/1
7
17/1
8
18/1
9
19/2
0
Soil
K (m
g/l)
Trend in mean K
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
94/9
5
95/9
6
96/9
7
97/9
8
98/9
9
99/0
0
00/0
1
01/0
2
02/0
3
03/0
4
04/0
5
05/0
6
06/0
7
07/0
8
08/0
9
09/1
0
10/1
1
11/1
2
12/1
3
13/1
4
14/1
5
15/1
6
16/1
7
17/1
8
18/1
9
19/2
0
Soil
Mg
(mg/
l)
Trend in mean Mg
Trend in mean K
Year
5.00
5.50
6.00
6.50
7.00
7.50
94/9
5
95/9
6
96/9
7
97/9
8
98/9
9
99/0
0
00/0
1
01/0
2
02/0
3
03/0
4
04/0
5
05/0
6
06/0
7
07/0
8
08/0
9
09/1
0
10/1
1
11/1
2
12/1
3
13/1
4
14/1
5
15/1
6
16/1
7
17/1
8
18/1
9
19/2
0
pH
Trend in mean pH
15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35
94/9
5
95/9
6
96/9
7
97/9
8
98/9
9
99/0
0
00/0
1
01/0
2
02/0
3
03/0
4
04/0
5
05/0
6
06/0
7
07/0
8
08/0
9
09/1
0
10/1
1
11/1
2
12/1
3
13/1
4
14/1
5
15/1
6
16/1
7
17/1
8
18/1
9
19/2
0
Soil
P (m
g/l)
Trend in mean P
100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
94/9
5
95/9
6
96/9
7
97/9
8
98/9
9
99/0
0
00/0
1
01/0
2
02/0
3
03/0
4
04/0
5
05/0
6
06/0
7
07/0
8
08/0
9
09/1
0
10/1
1
11/1
2
12/1
3
13/1
4
14/1
5
15/1
6
16/1
7
17/1
8
18/1
9
19/2
0
Soil
K (m
g/l)
Trend in mean K
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
94/9
5
95/9
6
96/9
7
97/9
8
98/9
9
99/0
0
00/0
1
01/0
2
02/0
3
03/0
4
04/0
5
05/0
6
06/0
7
07/0
8
08/0
9
09/1
0
10/1
1
11/1
2
12/1
3
13/1
4
14/1
5
15/1
6
16/1
7
17/1
8
18/1
9
19/2
0
Soil
Mg
(mg/
l)
Trend in mean Mg
NRM Laboratories Coopers Bridge, Braziers Lane,Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6NSTel: 01344 886 338 Fax: 01344 890 972
Email: [email protected] www.cawoodscientific.uk.com/nrm
