Upload
bailey-mcdaniel
View
240
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
SOIL COMPOSITION
-Ms IkmalzatulCE1303 – Engineering Material Properties
CE 1203 : Geotechnical Properties and Construction Methods
The nature of Soil
Soil is defined as a collection of mineral particles that was formed due to the weathering process of igneous rock and mixed with organic matter.
The void between particles is filled with water and gas. Cementation among the particles is weak and is due to
carbonation and oxidation between particles and or organic matter.
Characteristics of soil in general are greatly influenced by the process of the soil formation.
The structural arrangement of the particle may be loose, medium dense or dense depending on the packing of material.
CE 1203 : Geotechnical Properties and Construction Methods
Soil: A 3-Phase Material
Solid
WaterAir
CE 1203 : Geotechnical Properties and Construction Methods
The Mineral Skeleton
Volume
Solid Particles
Voids (air or water)
CE 1203 : Geotechnical Properties and Construction Methods
Three Phase Diagram
Solid
Air
Water
Mineral Skeleton Idealization:Three Phase Diagram
CE 1203 : Geotechnical Properties and Construction Methods
Fully Saturated Soils
Fully Saturated
Water
Solid
Mineral Skeleton
CE 1203 : Geotechnical Properties and Construction Methods
Dry Soils
Mineral Skeleton Dry Soil
Air
Solid
CE 1203 : Geotechnical Properties and Construction Methods
Partly Saturated Soils
Solid
Air
Water
Mineral Skeleton Partly Saturated Soils
CE 1203 : Geotechnical Properties and Construction Methods
Three Phase System
Volume Weight
Solid
Air
WaterWT
Ws
Ww
Wa~0
Vs
Va
Vw
Vv
VT
CE 1203 : Geotechnical Properties and Construction Methods
Weight Relationships
Weight Components: Weight of Solids = Ws
Weight of Water = Ww
Weight of Air ~ 0
%100(%), s
w
W
WwContentWater
CE 1203 : Geotechnical Properties and Construction Methods
Volumetric Relationships
Volume Components: Volume of Solids = Vs
Volume of Water = Vw
Volume of Air = Va
Volume of Voids = Va + Vw = Vv
s
v
V
VeRatioVoid ,
%100(%), T
v
V
VnPorosity
CE 1203 : Geotechnical Properties and Construction Methods
Volumetric Relationships
Volume Components: Volume of Solids = Vs
Volume of Water = Vw
Volume of Air = Va
Volume of Voids = Va + Vw = Vv
%100(%), V
w
V
VSSaturationofDegree
CE 1203 : Geotechnical Properties and Construction Methods
Specific Gravity
Unit weight of Water, w w = 1.0 g/cm3 (strictly accurate at 4° C)
w = 62.4 pcf
w = 9.81 kN/m3
WaterofVolumeEqualanofWeight
ceSubsaofWeightGravitySpecific
tan
WaterofWeightUnit
ceSubsaofWeightUnitGravitySpecific
tan
CE 1203 : Geotechnical Properties and Construction Methods
Specific Gravity Iron 7.86 Aluminum 2.55-2.80 Lead 11.34 Mercury 13.55
Granite 2.69 Marble 2.69 Quartz 2.60 Feldspar 2.54-2.62
CE 1203 : Geotechnical Properties and Construction Methods
Specific Gravity, Gs
CE 1203 : Geotechnical Properties and Construction Methods
Soil Unit weight (kN/m3)
Bulk (or Total) Unit weight = WT / VT
Dry unit weightd = Ws / VT
Buoyant (submerged) unit weightb = - w
CE 1203 : Geotechnical Properties and Construction Methods
Typical Unit weights
CE 1203 : Geotechnical Properties and Construction Methods
Example: Volumetric Ratios
Determine void ratio, porosity and degree of saturation of a soil core sample
Data: Weight of soil sample = 1013g Vol. of soil sample = 585.0cm3
Specific Gravity, Gs = 2.65 Dry weight of soil = 904.0g
CE 1203 : Geotechnical Properties and Construction Methods
Solid
Air
Water
Wa~0
Volumes Weights
1013.0g585.0cm3
904.0g
s =2.65
109.0g
341.1cm3
109.0cm3
243.9cm3
134.9cm3
W =1.00
Example
CE 1203 : Geotechnical Properties and Construction Methods
585.0cm3
Solid
Air
Water
Volumes
s =2.65341.1cm3
109.0cm3
243.9cm3
134.9cm3
W =1.00
%7.441009.243
0.109%100(%)
%7.411000.585
9.243%100(%)
72.01.341
9.243
v
w
T
v
s
v
V
VS
V
Vn
V
Ve
Example
THE END