Software Testing

Advanced Software Engineering and Project Management Program

(ASPM)

软件测试高级软件工程和项目管理程序

(ASPM)

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ObjectivesAt the end of this module, you will be able to:

Identify the significance of software testing in the software development life cycle.

Apply the methods of testing. Perform defect tracking and correction. Optimize the QA process to improve software development process.

目标本课结束后，你将能够： 确定软件开发生命周期中软件测试的重要性。 应用测试方法。 执行缺陷跟踪和改正。 优化质量保证（ QA）过程来改进软件开发过程。

Initiating the Software Testing Phase

开始软件测试阶段

Establishing the Software Testing Phase in SDLC

在软件开发生命周期 (SDLC) 中建立软件测试阶段

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Objectives

At the end of this session, you will be able to:

Establish software testing in the SDLC.

目标

本课结束后，你将能够：在软件开发生命周期 (SDLC)中开展软件测试。

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Recap Quiz

1. What are the phases in SDLC?

2. How would you define software testing?

课堂测验1. 软件开发生命周期 (SDLC)有哪些阶段？

2. 你将如何定义软件测试？

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Key Task Analyze the given scenario and answer the following questions:• Why did the team face so many problems in fixing the errors

reported in testing?• How could they have avoided all the rework in the last

stages of development?

关键任务

分析给定的场景，回答下列问题：• 为什么该团队在修正测试发现的错误时面临这么多的问题？ • 他们怎样才能避免在开发的最后阶段进行重做？

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         Apply the V model to ensure that success parameters for each phase are established while working on that phase and not at a later stage. Prepare the Acceptance test criteria in the requirements phase. Prepare the System test criteria in the analysis phase. Prepare the Integration / Unit test criteria while creating the High / Low Level Design during design phase. Conduct testing in the coding phase.

Solution

         应用 V 模型来确保每个阶段的成功要素建立在该阶段而不是建立在后面的阶段中。 在需求阶段准备验收测试标准。 在分析阶段准备系统测试标准。 在设计阶段创建概要 / 详细设计时，准备集成 / 单元测试标准。 在编码阶段执行测试。

答案

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In this session, you have learned that:

Software testing is the process of executing a program with the intent of finding errors and verifying that the program satisfies the specified requirements.

The software development process and the software test process should begin simultaneously to ensure that defects are detected early in the development life cycle.

The V model of development proposes an approach to software development in which both the software development process and the software test process begin simultaneously.

Key Learning

在本课中，你已经学到了： 软件测试是以发现错误和验证软件是否满足指定需求为目的来执行程序的过程。 软件开发过程和软件测试过程应该同步开展， 以确保在开发生命周期的早期发现缺

陷。 V模型提出了软件开发过程和软件测试过程同时开始的一种软件开发方法。

要点

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The W model of development is also a process model, which relates testing activities to development activities. The W model helps reduce costs.

Key Learning (Contd.)

W开发模型也是一个将测试活动与开发活动相联系的过程模型。W模型有助于降低成本。

要点 (续 )

Quality Assurance and Quality Control

质量保证和质量控制

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Objectives

At the end of this session, you will be able to:

Differentiate between Software Quality Assurance (QA) and Software Quality Control (QC).

目标

本课结束后，你将能够： 区分软件质量保证 (QA)和软件质量控制 (QC)。

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Recap Quiz1. What is SQA?

2. What is SQC?

3. What do you understand by validation?

4. What do you understand by verification?

课堂测验1. 什么是软件质量保证（ SQA） ?

2. 什么是软件质量控制（ SQC） ?

3. 你怎样理解确认？4. 你怎样理解验证？

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Key Task List the QA and QC activities and debate on

their differences. Also, discuss the relevance of QA and QC activities in the SDLC.

关键任务

列举质量保证 (QA)和质量控制 (QC)活动并说明它们的区别。同时，讨论软件开发生命周期(SDLC)中质量保证 (QA)和质量控制 (QC)活动的相关性。

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         Quality activities can be divided into two categories: Defect prevention or QA activities: QA is a planned and systematic set of preventive activities that involves monitoring and improving the software development process. Defect detection or QC activities: QC is the process by which the quality of software is compared with specific standards, and action is taken if the quality does not match the specific standards.

Solution

         质量活动可以分成两类： 质量预防或质量保证（ QA ）活动：质量保证 (QA) 是一个计划的和系统化的一系列监视和改进软件开发过程的预防性活动。 缺陷检测或质量控制（ QC ）活动： QC 是一个过程，通过进行产品质量和指定标准之间的比较，当质量与该标准不符时，就要采取某些措施。

答案

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Solution (Contd.) The QA activities performed during SDLC are:

• Quality Audit• Process definition• Tools selection• Training• Peer review• Requirement traceability matrix• Quality metrics collection

答案 (续 ) 软件开发生命周期 (SDLC) 中执行的质量保证 (QA) 活动有：

• 质量审计• 过程定义• 工具选择• 培训• 同等检查• 需求跟踪矩阵• 质量度量数据收集

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Solution (Contd.) The QC activities performed during SDLC are:

• Walkthrough• Inspection• Testing• Checkpoint review

答案 (续 ) 软件开发生命周期 (SDLC) 中执行的质量控制 (QC) 活

动有：• 预排• 检查• 测试• 检查点审查

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In this session, you have learned that: QA is a planned and systematic set of preventive activities that involve

monitoring and improving the software development process. QC is the process by which the quality of a product is compared with

specific standards, and action is taken if the quality does not match the specific standards.

Key Learning

在本课中，你已经学到了： 质量保证 (QA) 是一个计划的和系统化的一系列监视和改进软件

开发过程的预防性活动。 质量控制 (QC) 是一个过程，通过进行产品质量和指定标准之间

的比较，当质量与该标准不符时，就要采取某些措施。

要点

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Key Learning (Contd.) The QA activities performed during SDLC are:

Quality Audit Process definition Tools selection Training Peer review Requirement traceability metrics

Quality metrics collection

要点 (续 ) 软件开发生命周期 (SDLC)中执行的质量保证 (QA)活动有：

质量审计 过程定义 工具选择 培训 同等检查 需求跟踪矩阵 质量度量数据收集

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Key Learning (Contd.) The QC activities performed during SDLC are:

Walkthrough Inspection Testing Checkpoint review

要点 (续 ) 软件开发生命周期 (SDLC)中执行的质量控制 (QC)活动有：

预排 检查 测试 检查点审查

Identifying the Phases in Software Testing Life Cycle

确定软件测试生命周期的阶段

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Objectives

At the end of this session, you will be able to:

Identify the phases in the Software Testing life cycle. 目标

本课结束后，你将能够：认识软件测试生命周期的阶段。

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Recap Quiz

What are the phases in the testing life cycle?

课堂测验

测试生命周期中有哪些阶段？

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Key Task Analyze the given scenario and answer the following

questions:• Which phase of the software testing life cycle was not

followed? • Can you identify the problems in the scenario? Suggest a

corrective action for the problem.

关键任务 分析 给定的场景，回答下列问题：

• 没有遵守软件测试生命周期中的哪个阶段？• 你能够找出场景中存在的问题吗？给出该问题的一个改正活动。

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Solution

Planning process, which is a critical phase in the overall testing life cycle is not followed.The problems are: The application was not tested for cross-browser compatibility. Testing team had insufficient time to test the application. Resource estimation was not done correctly.

答案没有遵守计划过程，该过程是整个测试生命周期中一个重要的阶段。问题有： 程序没有进行交叉浏览兼容性测试。 测试团队没有足够的时间对软件进行测试。没有正确的进行资源估计。

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Solution (Contd.)The corrective actions would be: A web-based application needs to be tested on multiple browsers. Accurate test effort estimate by the Project Manager ensures that testers get more time to test an application on multiple browsers. Back-up resources needs to be identified for a project.

答案 (续 )正确的行为应该是 : 一个基于Web的程序需要在多种浏览器上进行测试。 由项目经理进行精确的估计测试成果，能够确保测试人员有更多的时间在多种浏览器上对程序进行测试。 需要为项目确定备份资源。

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Key LearningIn this session, you have learned that: The phases in the testing life cycle are:

Risk Analysis Planning Process Test Design Test Execution Defect Tracking and Management Quantitative Measurement

Each testing phase has a different focus and purpose to ensure an organized approach to testing. 要点

在本课中，你已经学到了： 测试生命周期中的阶段有：

风险分析 计划过程 测试设计 测试执行 缺陷跟踪和管理 量化评估

每个测试阶段有着不同的重点和目的，来保证按照有组织的步骤进行测试。

Identifying Roles and Responsibilities of the QC Team

确定质量控制 (QC)团队的角色和职责

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Objectives

At the end of this session, you will be able to:

Identify the roles and responsibilities of the QC team.

目标

本课结束后，你将能够： 确定质量控制 (QC)团队的角色和职责。

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Recap Quiz1. What are the key roles in a QC team?

2. Which of the following specifies the purpose of QC in SDLC?

Defect Prevention Defect Detection Defect Deterrence

课堂测验1. QC团队有哪些主要角色？2. 下列描述中哪个是软件开发生命周期（ SDLC）中质量控制（ QC）的目的？ 缺陷预防 缺陷发现 缺陷制止

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Key Task

Identify the possible reasons for the failure on the part of the QC team to detect defects effectively.

关键任务

找出质量控制（ QC）团队有效的发现缺陷失败的可能原因。

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SolutionThe reasons for the failure of the QC team are: The QR did not check and review the design of the software in the initial phases. The QR and the tester did not participate in the development phase of the project. The Test Manager did not chalk out any training program for the testing team.

答案质量控制（ QC）团队失败的原因有： 在开始阶段，质量检查员 (QR)没有检查和评审软件的设计。 质量检查员 (QR)和测试员没有参与项目的开发阶段。 测试经理没有为测试团队制定任何培训课程。

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In this session, you have learned that: QC team members are involved in the testing process in identifying

defects. QC activities measure the efficacy of QA processes. The roles that fulfill QC responsibilities in a software development

organization are: Quality Reviewer (QR) Peer Reviewer Tester

Key Learning

在本课中，你已经学到了： 质量控制（ QC）成员参与发现缺陷的测试过程。 质量控制（ QC）活动度量质量保证（ QA ）过程的效率。 软件开发组织中执行质量控制 (QC)指责的角色包括下列成员：

质量检查员（ QR） 对等检查员 测试人员

要点

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Key Learning (Contd.) The roles that are specific to projects in an

organization are: Test Lead Test Manager

Expert/Specialist

要点 (续 )公司的项目中明确描述的角色有：

测试领导 测试经理 行家 /专家