Socio-economic Status of English-speaking Quebecers ...conferences.chssn.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/2...Socio-economic Vitality Community Development and Policy Implications •Populations

Socio-economic Status of English-speaking Quebecers:Trends and Policy Implications

William Floch, JPocock Research Consulting

November 23, 2017

Overview of Today’s Presentation

• Socio-economic status – implications for community development and policy development;

• The “communities in context research initiative”

• Composite indicators for community vitality

• Composite indicator for the socio-economic dimension

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Socio-economic Vitality

Community Development and Policy Implications

• Populations with low socio-economic status are:

• more likely to experience material deprivation;

• less likely to have access to education and training;

• more likely to rely on government transfers as a source of income;

• may face health challenges and

• may be more apt to leave their region in search of economic and educational opportunities.

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Communities in Context Research Initiative

Québec (QC)

Communities in Context Relative Indices

Minority-majority Index (mmi)

• Compares OLMC in a given region with the majority group with whom it shares the territory

Relative Geographic Indices (rgi)

• Compared to OLMCs in the province (rgi-prov)

• Compared to OLMCs in the PCH region (rgi-pch)

• Compared to same OLMC across Canada (rgi-sameOLMC)

• Compared to all OLMCs in Canada (rgi-allOLMC)

• Compared to the Canadian national average (rni)

Gender Index (gi)

• Compares the characteristics of the female group in a given population with the male group

Temporal Index (ti)

• Compares given community with itself at a previous period in time (ex. 1996-2011, 2001-2011, 2006-2011)

Intergenerational Index (intergen)

• Compares the 25-44 age cohort with the 45-64 age cohort in a population

Reading the Values

A value of 1.00 for a relative index means that there is no difference in the populations being compared.

A relative index greater than 1.00 means that the characteristic is more common in the featured minority population than in the base population with whom it is being compared. (Values greater than 1.20 indicate that the characteristic is much more likely to be observed in the minority.)

A relative index less than 1.00 means that the characteristic is less common in the featured minority population than in the base population with whom it is being compared. (Values less than 0.80 indicate that the characteristic is much less likely to be observed in the minority.)

Values between 0.95 and 1.05 are considered to be similar.

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Quebec – Socio-economic Profile Socio-economic characteristics

Educational attainment

• Without an educational certificate, degree or diploma

• With at least a university bachelor’s degree

Labour Force Status

• Unemployment

• Out of the Labour Force

Income

• Low income (less than $20,000)

• High income (more than $50,000)

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Quebec – Socio-Economic ProfileOLMCs - Low Educational Levels

by Year, 1996-2011 and by Age Group2011

In 2011, as illustrated by the minority-majority index, the proportion of Anglophones in Quebec who had no educational certificate, diploma or degree was much lower than that of Francophones in the region (mmi=0.77).

The gap between the two linguistic groups remained about the same over the 1996-2011 period.

For the 1996-2011 period, the minority-majority index for Anglophones in Quebec (15 years and over) without an educational certificate, diploma or degree was highest in 2001 (mmi=0.82) and lowest in 2011 (mmi=0.77).

When we consider the minority-majority index for age groups in 2011, the gap between the two linguistic groups was largest in the 65+ age cohort and smallest in the 0-14 age cohort.

For the younger half of the working age population (those aged 25-44), we find that the proportion of those who had no educational certificate, diploma or degree was much lower than that of the Francophone population in this age group (mmi=0.78).

For the older half of the working age population (those aged 45-64), the level was much lower than that of the Francophones in this age group (mmi=0.79).

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Quebec – Socio-Economic ProfileOLMCs - Low Educational Levels

Minority-Majority IndexAdministrative Regions, 2011

There was substantial variation in the proportion of individuals (15 years and over) without an educational certificate, diploma or degree in the Anglophone communities across Quebec in 2011.

The Anglophone communities in Capitale-Nationale (10.9%), Saguenay -Lac-Saint-Jean (12.7%), and Chaudière - Appalaches (14.0%) reported a lower proportion of individuals (15 years and over) without an educational certificate, diploma or degree than the other Anglophone communities across Quebec.

Anglophones in the regions of Nord-du-Québec (59.2%), Côte-Nord (45.7%), and Gaspésie - Iles-de-la-Madeleine (35.1%) displayed a higher proportion of individuals (15 years and over) without an educational certificate, diploma or degree than the other Anglophone communities across Quebec.

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The minority-majority index (MMI) compares the value for the OL minority population with the OL majority with whom it shares a territory. A value greater than 1.00 indicates that the characteristic is more present in the minority than in the majority while a value of less than 1.00 means that the characteristic is less present in the minority group.

Quebec – Socio-Economic ProfileOLMCs - High Educational Levels


In 2011, as illustrated by the minority-majority index, the proportion of Anglophones in Quebec who had earned a university bachelor's degree or higher was much higher than that of Francophones in the region (mmi=1.59).

The gap between the two linguistic groups diminished over the 1996-2011 period.

For the 1996-2011 period, the minority-majority index for Anglophones in Quebec (15 years and over) with at least a university bachelor's degree was highest in 1996 (mmi=1.69) and lowest in 2001 (mmi=1.51).


For the younger half of the working age population (those aged 25-44), we find that the proportion of those who had earned a university bachelor's degree or higher was much higher than that of the Francophone population in this age group (mmi=1.44).

For the older half of the working age population (those aged 45-64), the level was much higher than that of the Francophones in this age group (mmi=1.60).

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Quebec – Socio-Economic ProfileOLMCs - High Educational Levels


There was substantial variation in the proportion of individuals (15 years and over) with at least a university bachelor's degree in the Anglophone communities across Quebec in 2011.

The Anglophone communities in Nord-du-Québec (4.8%), Gaspésie -Iles-de-la-Madeleine (6.7%), and Côte-Nord (8.0%) reported a lower proportion of individuals (15 years and over) with at least a university bachelor's degree than the other Anglophone communities across Quebec.

Anglophones in the regions of Capitale-Nationale (35.1%), Montréal (32.3%), and Bas-Saint-Laurent (29.2%) displayed a higher proportion of individuals (15 years and over) with at least a university bachelor's degree than the other Anglophone communities across Quebec. 10


Quebec – Socio-Economic ProfileOLMCs - Unemployment Rates


In 2011, as illustrated by the minority-majority index, the proportion of Anglophones in Quebec who were unemployed was much higher than that of Francophones in the region (mmi=1.36).

The gap between the two linguistic groups grew over the 1996-2011 period.

For the 1996-2011 period, the minority-majority index for Anglophones in Quebec (15 years and over) who were unemployed was highest in 2011 (mmi=1.36) and lowest in 1996 (mmi=1.15).

When we consider the minority-majority index for age groups in 2011, the gap between the two linguistic groups was largest in the 25-44 age cohort and smallest in the 0-14 age cohort.

For the younger half of the working age population (those aged 25-44), we find that the proportion of those who were unemployed was much higher than that of the Francophone population in this age group (mmi=1.49).

For the older half of the working age population (those aged 45-64), the level was much higher than that of the Francophones in this age group (mmi=1.33).

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Quebec – Socio-Economic ProfileOLMCs - Unemployment Rates


There was substantial variation in the proportion of individuals (15 years and over) who were unemployed in the Anglophone communities across Quebec in 2011.

The Anglophone communities in Chaudière - Appalaches (5.3%), Capitale-Nationale (6.5%), and Estrie(7.0%) reported a lower proportion of individuals (15 years and over) who were unemployed than the other Anglophone communities across Quebec.

Anglophones in the regions of Gaspésie - Iles-de-la-Madeleine (28.1%), Côte-Nord (27.5%), and Nord-du-Québec (14.7%) displayed a higher proportion of individuals (15 years and over) who were unemployed than the other Anglophone communities across Quebec.

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Quebec – Socio-Economic ProfileOLMCs - Out of the Labour Force


In 2011, as illustrated by the minority-majority index, the proportion of Anglophones in Quebec who were out of the labour force was similar to that of Francophones in the region (mmi=1.02).

The gap between the two linguistic groups remained about the same over the 1996-2011 period.

For the 1996-2011 period, the minority-majority index for Anglophones in Quebec (15 years and over) who were out of the labour force was highest in 2001 (mmi=1.05) and lowest in 2011 (mmi=1.02).


For the younger half of the working age population (those aged 25-44), we find that the proportion of those who were out of the labour force was much higher than that of the Francophone population in this age group (mmi=1.48).

For the older half of the working age population (those aged 45-64), the level was lower than that of the Francophones in this age group (mmi=0.93).

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Quebec – Socio-Economic ProfileOLMCs - Out of the Labour Force


There was substantial variation in the proportion of individuals (15 years and over) who were out of the labourforce in the Anglophone communities across Quebec in 2011.

The Anglophone communities in Laval (29.4%), Outaouais (32.3%), and Centre-du-Québec (32.5%) reported a lower proportion of individuals (15 years and over) who were out of the labour force than the other Anglophone communities across Quebec.

Anglophones in the regions of Gaspésie - Iles-de-la-Madeleine (50.4%), Mauricie (47.3%), and Estrie(45.1%) displayed a higher proportion of individuals (15 years and over) who were out of the labour force than the other Anglophone communities across Quebec.

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Quebec – Socio-Economic ProfileOLMCs – Low Income


In 2011, as illustrated by the minority-majority index, the proportion of Anglophones in Quebec who reported total income under $20k was higher than that of Francophones in the region (mmi=1.12).

The gap between the two linguistic groups grew over the 1996-2011 period.

For the 1996-2011 period, the minority-majority index for Anglophones in Quebec (15 years and over) with total income under $20k was highest in 2011 (mmi=1.12) and lowest in 1996 (mmi=1.01).


For the younger half of the working age population (those aged 25-44), we find that the proportion of those who reported total income under $20k was much higher than that of the Francophone population in this age group (mmi=1.42).

For the older half of the working age population (those aged 45-64), the level was higher than that of the Francophones in this age group (mmi=1.19).

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Quebec – Socio-Economic ProfileOLMCs – Low Income


There was substantial variation in the proportion of individuals (15 years and over) with total income under $20k in the Anglophone communities across Quebec in 2011.

The Anglophone communities in Chaudière - Appalaches (20.8%), Saguenay - Lac-Saint-Jean (22.2%), and Centre-du-Québec (31.2%) reported a lower proportion of individuals (15 years and over) with total income under $20k than the other Anglophone communities across Quebec.

Anglophones in the regions of Gaspésie - Iles-de-la-Madeleine (48.8%), Montréal (41.3%), and Estrie(40.9%) displayed a higher proportion of individuals (15 years and over) with total income under $20k than the other Anglophone communities across Quebec.

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Quebec – Socio-Economic ProfileOLMCs – High Income


In 2011, as illustrated by the minority-majority index, the proportion of Anglophones in Quebec who reported total income over $50k was similar to that of Francophones in the region (mmi=0.97).

The gap between the two linguistic groups diminished over the 1996-2011 period.

For the 1996-2011 period, the minority-majority index for Anglophones in Quebec (15 years and over) with total income over $50k was highest in 1996 (mmi=1.23) and lowest in 2011 (mmi=0.97).


For the younger half of the working age population (those aged 25-44), we find that the proportion of those who reported total income over $50k was lower than that of the Francophone population in this age group (mmi=0.85).

For the older half of the working age population (those aged 45-64), the level was similar to that of the Francophones in this age group (mmi=0.99).

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Quebec – Socio-Economic ProfileOLMCs – High Income


There was substantial variation in the proportion of individuals (15 years and over) with total income over $50k in the Anglophone communities across Quebec in 2011.

The Anglophone communities in Gaspésie - Iles-de-la-Madeleine (8.4%), Centre-du-Québec (14.5%), and Estrie (14.6%) reported a lower proportion of individuals (15 years and over) with total income over $50k than the other Anglophone communities across Quebec.

Anglophones in the regions of Saguenay - Lac-Saint-Jean (31.5%), Outaouais (28.6%), and Capitale-Nationale (24.5%) displayed a higher proportion of individuals (15 years and over) with total income over $50k than the other Anglophone communities across Quebec.

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Composite Indicators for Community Vitality

Québec (QC)

Quebec – Socio-economic ProfileComposite Indicators Values

Québec (QC)

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Composite indicators developed for 9 dimensions of community vitality

More than 150 demographic, institutional and other measures contribute to the composite indicators

Relative to other OL minority communities across Canada, Quebec Anglophones show high community vitality in most dimensions.

Notable exceptions are observed in in socio-economic vitality and presence in key occupations and industries.

Quebec – Socio-economic ProfileOverview of Composite Indicators

Québec (QC)

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There are 1,058,250 Anglophones in Quebec (QC) where they comprise 13.5% of the population.

Overall, when compared to other OLMCs in Canada, they display a:

simple geo-spatial context (ranking=10 of 13 regions, falling into the 4th quintile).

very high demographic vitality (ranking=13 of 13 regions, falling into the 5th quintile).

very high demo-linguistic vitality (ranking=13 of 13 regions, falling into the 5th quintile).

very high socio-cultural diversity (ranking=11 of 13 regions, falling into the 5th quintile).

very low socio-economic vitality (ranking=2 of 13 regions, falling into the 1st quintile).

low presence in key occupations and industries (ranking=4 of 13 regions, falling into the 2nd quintile).

very high institutional presence (ranking=12 of 13 regions, falling into the 5th quintile).

very high institutional proximity (ranking=12 of 13 regions, falling into the 5th quintile).

very high presence of federal offices (ranking=12 of 13 regions, falling into the 5th quintile).

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Province of Québec (QC)Overview of the Province

Composite Indicators of Community VitalityAdministrative Region of Gaspésie - Iles-de-la-Madeleine (QC)

(relative to other O.L. minority communities)

geo-spatial context(rank=63 of 64, 5th quintile)

demographic vitality(rank=74 of 74, 5th quintile)

demo-linguistic vitality(rank=70 of 74, 5th quintile)

socio-cultural diversity(rank=38 of 71, 3rd quintile)

socio-economic vitality(rank=24 of 71, 2nd quintile)

presence in key occupations and industries

(rank=51 of 67, 4th quintile)

institutional presence(rank=51 of 71, 4th quintile)

institutional proximity(rank=69 of 74, 5th quintile)

presence of federal offices(rank=9 of 73, 1st quintile)

Composite Indicators of Community VitalityAdministrative Region of Laval (QC)

(relative to other O.L. minority communities)

Composite IndicatorsSocio-economic Dimension

forQuebec’s Administration Regions, 2011

Quebec – Socio-Economic ProfileSocio-economic Vitality

Québec (QC)

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William [email protected]

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Documents

Socio-economic Status of English-speaking Quebecers ...conferences.chssn.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/2...Socio-economic Vitality Community Development and Policy Implications •Populations