Sociedad y Estado de Derecho

8/18/2019 Sociedad y Estado de Derecho

1/29

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONALAUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO

“Sociedad y Estado de Derecho

FACULTAD DE DERECHO

TEORÍA CONSTITUCIONAL

DR. JORGE ISLAS LÓPEZ

ARANZÚA CHÁVEZ CÉSAR OCTAVIO

SOCIEDAD Y ESTADO DE DERECHO

~ 1 ~


2/29

28 de mayo de 2!"#


3/29

ÍNDICE

I- INTRODUCCIÓN................................................................................................1

II- SOCIEDAD..........................................................................................................3EL INDIVIDUO COMO CÉLULA DE LA SOCIEDAD.............................................3

LA COLECTIVIDAD EN LA FORMACIÓN DE LA SOCIEDAD..............................5

III- DERECHO Y ESTADO.......................................................................................8

LA CREACIÓN DEL DERECHO............................................................................8

PRECURSORES DEL PENSAMIENTO DEL ESTADO.........................................9

N!"#$% M&'(&)*#"..........................................................................................1+

J*&, ",........................................................................................................1+T/"0&% H"*%...............................................................................................12

J"/, L"!*.......................................................................................................12

J*&, J&!'(*% R"(%%*&(..................................................................................12

4#/*#0 F*!/ H*6*#...................................................................................13

G*"6 J*##,*...................................................................................................17

H&,% *#%*,.....................................................................................................17

H*0&, H*##*..................................................................................................15

J&!'(*% M&&,..............................................................................................15LEGALIDAD Y LEGITIMIDAD DEL ESTADO......................................................1:

IV- ESTADO DE DERECHO...................................................................................19

GOIERNO..........................................................................................................2+

SEGURIDAD........................................................................................................21

V- CONCLUSIONES.............................................................................................22

VI- ILIOGRAF;A.................................................................................................27


4/29

I- INTRODUCCIÓN

L& 0&,*& *, '(* *# %* /(0&,"< !"0" ,)(" =%"#>6!" '(* /& * %&!& !*&% ,*!*%&*% ?&& ?"* %"*)) *, #" '(* ?&*!* (, %, %*,"< /&

,*&!(&" !", %(% %*0*@&,*% * )*%&% 0&,*&%< *!","!&%

/%>!&0*,* %"*""- *, !",%&,* &6*%>, " 6(*&B %(% *#&!",*% ," %*

/&, #0&" & *%& ?*%?*!)&< ?(*% a priori & !('(* ,*!*%& "#>6!&< *#

/(0&," %* /#& ,0*%" *, (,& !"#*!)& * ?*%",&%< '(* !"0" #< *,*, #&%

0%0&% ,*!*%& !"0?&*, **0,&"% **%< * *##" '(* %* %*

!",6*6(* !", %(% %*0*@&,*%.

I,0*%" *, #& ?#(&< !*& *#&!",*% * ,**?*,*,!& *,* #"%

0*0"%< ?(*% !&& (," *& &!!",*% &=, * &?"& & #& !"0(,& *#

*,*%& ?&& ?"* !",)) *, (, *%&" * !"&. N" "%&,* *#

?&,"&0& '(* 0* *=*" *%< *, !(&," & (,& #0&& !&,& * %(@*"%

,0*%"% *, #& !"#*!)&. C(&," *%&% !",6*6&!",*% !&,&, (,&

*0"6&=& *"&,*< *% =!# 0&,*,* (,& "6&,&!>, *, #& '(* ""% %*

)*&, 6( * *,*=!&"% *, #& 0*& *, '(* ,,6(," %*& ?*@(!&". P*" *#!","# ,*!*%&" ?&& ?*0 **0,&&% &!!",*% #*0*,* 0&,*,* #&

"6&,&!>, * #& %"!*&< *% *!< #&% *#&!",*% !!&%< *, (, $0"

%"! ?"#!"< %*0?* /& %" %*$ #& ?"& *# D**!/"< *# !( /& *

!",=6(& *# *%!*,&" >,*" *, *# '(* "&% *%&% !",!*?!",*% ?(*&,

##*)&%* & !&" * #& 0*@" 0&,*&.

A%< ?(*%< #& !"#*!)& !",=6(& (,& "6&,&!>, ?"#!& '(* ?(**

0&,*,* (, !","# "=*!* & %(% /&&,*% #&% !",!",*% ,*!*%&&% ?&&

%&%=&!* %(% ,*!*%&*%. L& %"!*& !",="0&& *, (, !(*?" ?"#!" *%

*!< '(*, /& !*&" *%& "6&,&!>, ," *% *%$!&< 6( '(* *# E%&"< *,

*# !( %* )* *##& 0%0& ,0*%& !"0?"0*&. D* *##" %* *,*,* !"0"

*#&!>, !!& '(* #& !"0(,&< ?0*&0*,*< ()" '(* *%&#*!* !*"%


5/29

"@*)"% #& 0&,*& * ?"*6*%*< &%*6(&," #"% 0*"% 0?*%!,#*% ?&&

!(0?# !", *%&% 0*&%. U,& )* *0?*," *# !&0,"< %( "6&,&!>, ?"!" &

?"!" =(* &'(*," (,& ?*%?*!)& 0$% %(@*)& )"&)& /&%& !",="0&

#& *& *# %* /(0&,"< ," %>#" !"0" ?*%",&< %," !"0" *,* ?"%**" *

**!/"% ,/**,*% '(* *# E%&" &0, *& *%?*&.

A ?0*& ,%&,!&< *% ,*!*%&" &,& & #& !"#*!)& '(* /& &'("

#& !",%!*,!& =(,&0*, ?&& %!*, %(% "@*)"% ?"&#"%< *%" ?&&

#"6& *,*,* *# ?"!*%" ?" *# '(* /& &&)*%&" *%& "6&,&!>, ?"#!&.

U, *0& &, !"0?#*@" !"0" #" *% *# E%&"< 0$% &, #& *=**,!& E%&"

* D**!/"< ," ?(** %* &"&" !", #6**&B %, *0&6"< *, *%* &&@" %*

*?",*< * #& 0&,*& 0$% %,!& *?#!&)& ?"%#*< #&% =**,*% *"&%

?*%?*!)&% '(* 0?(#%&, #& !"0?*,%>, * #& *)"#(!>, !"*%?",*,* & *%*

!(*?" @(!" =!!".


6/29

II- SOCIEDAD

P&& *,*,* #& 0?"&,!& * #& !"#*!)& "6&,&& !(" "@*)" /& *%* *# * 0&,*,* #& *%&#& !"& !",)*,& &*6#" &!"&" *,

*0?"% &,*"*%-< ?&& #& K&("*&!>, * !&& 0*0"< ?")*,"#"% *

#"% 0*"% *%*,!*% ?&& *##"< *% ,*!*%&" &,*% !"0?*,* *# ?"!*%"

!!" '(* /&, ?"(!" (,& 0(#( * %(@*"% % *, ," !&?&!*%< %

!",%!*,*% * #&% !!(,%&,!&% '(* #*% *&, *&0*,* ,*!*%&&% '(* &

&)% * #& /%"& * #& /(0&,& %* /&, &(!" *, *# *" *!","!0*,"

* #*&*%< **!/"% =&!(#&*%< %*," *%?*&"% ?" *# **,&" *#P"*.

EL INDIVIDUO COMO CÉLULA DE LA SOCIEDAD

A,*% * ?"* /&#& * #& &%"!&!>, ?&!=!& * #"% ,)("%< /&$ '(*

*,*,*%* #&% &",*% ?" #&% '(* %* /& !",="0&" !>0" #" /& /*!/". P&&

*##" %* !",%*& %* /(0&," %(% ?"!*%"% =%"#>6!"%< !"0" *# 0")&,*

?&& "& #& *%(!(& ?"#!& *, #& '(* !(#0,&, %(% *%=(*"% !"#*!)"%.

E# /"0* *% (, %* &!",< ?*,%&,*< &,!" *=#*)"B1 *,& *,

*#&!>, !", %(% %*0*@&,*% ?" )*%&% !&(%&%< !"0,0*,* #" /&!* ?&&

?"*6*%* !( %(% ,*!*%&*% $%!&%< !"0" #" %",B 0*,&%*<

*%6(&&%* * #&% ,!#*0*,!&% * #& ,&(*& %&%=&!* #& ,,%*!&

,*!*%& * ,*&!!>,.

S, *0&6" &, *," * #& &%"!&!>,< %* ?"(!*, =!!",*% '(*

&*,&, !",& *%* * * %*6(& '(* ?**,* #& (,>,< * 0&,*& '(* ?"!"%)* !(&," ," /& (, !",)*," *%&#*!" ?" !( ""% #"% ,)(" %*

*!","!&,< (,"% & ""%< !"0" 6(*% " 0**!*"*% * #" 0%0".

1

Cfr. G",$#*%< U. Hombre y Estado. M!"< D.F. E" P"&< 1988< ?.3:9


7/29

P"!" &,*% * #& (,=!&!>, *# *," * E%?&&< #"6" *# * F*,&," *

A&6>,< *# %%*0& =*( /&& *%&#*!" (,& ?"& * 0&%&%< *, #& '(*

!&& ,)(" *%&"##&& **0,&& &!)&< ?*" '(* ," *!& 0&"

0?"&,!& '(* #& * (,& "& ?*%",& *# =*(" " *# (6".

P&*!* %*< %, *0&6"< '(* #&% !",%&,*% 6(*&% &!&*!&% (&,* *#

%6#" II II< (&,* #& &@& E& M*&< /&&, *#&" *# %%*0&< ##*6&,"

,!#(%" & 0*0& #& *%&#& '(* ?"0")& *# ?"* ?",=!"< '(* %*

*,!",&& *, ?(6,& !", *# S&!" I0?*" R"0&," ?" #& /*6*0",& *"#>6!&-

*%?(.2 A,* *%& ,(*)& !!(,%&,!&< !"0*,& (,& !&*& ?" *"6&,& &

#"% /&&,*% !",!*,& #"% *!(%"%< * #"% *""%< /*!/"% '(* #"% reyes

catóicos %(?*", &0,%& &*!(&&0*,*. E%& (,=!&!>, %* ##*)> &!&" ,"

?" !",%*,0*," * #"% 0*0"% * !&& (6" " 0*,"% ," * 0&,*&

6*,*< %," '(* =(* #& !"",&< #*60&& ?" *# ?"* ?&?< '(*, %(%&@" * #&

?&%)& & #"% ?*'(*"% *,"% #"% ,!#(> &@" %( ?"*%&.

L& =6(& * #& %"!*& '(*& *,",!*% !"0" %& ?"* &%"#(%&.

E%" *% ?" (, #&" *, *# *?(*%" !&%" * E%?&&< '(* !", %( ?"*"

!",%"#&" !"0*,& #&% *?*!",*% * *%!(0*," ?" (,& ,(*)& (&

!"0*! /&!& #& I,& (&,* *# %6#" V. P" "" #&"< *# *@*0?#" ,6#%*0",& & #& R*)"#(!>, 6#""%& *, *# &" 1:88< !(" *%(#&" ?"0")> #&

#*& ,)( '(* %* *0(*%& !", #& R*)"#(!>, I,(%.

A% !",,& *# ?"* *%?>!" "?*%)" /&!& %"!*& /&%& #& 0& *#

%6#" VIII< !(&," #&% *&% #**% *0*6*, *, (,& ,(*)& *!!>,< #&

I#(%&!>,< *!#&0&," #& *),!&!>, *# %* /(0&,"< *%* (,& ?*%?*!)&

,)(B **!/"% #*&*% '(* /&%& *,",!*% ?&*!&, ," /&!* =&< '(*

)*,*, & ?",*%* *, *)*,!& & ?"!#&0& '(* %*&, *!","!"% *%?*&"%

2

Cfr. M*#"%%< D. E Estado de Co!tro Socia. "! est#dio socioó$ico de osco!ceptos de estado y co!tro socia e! a co!fi$#ració! de a democracia. &.M&, M( U&%&< M!"< D.F.< S6#" V*,(," E"*%< 1992< ??.27.


8/29

?" #& &("&. E@*0?#"% !#&"% * *%"% &!",*!0*,"% %", #& I,*?*,*,!&

* #&% *!* !"#",&% ,6#*%&% *, N"*&0!& #& R*)"#(!>, F&,!*%&.

D*%* *,",!*%< *# ,)(" /& %" *!","!" !"0" *# =(,&0*," *#

"*, %"!< ?"#!" @(!". E%"% %(!*%"% %", *# ?&*&6(&% *, #&*!",=6(&!>, *# E%&"< *, #& ?*%?*!)& ",* #& ,)(& )(*#)* &

"0& ?*%" *, #"% &!(*% %%*0&% #**% '(* ,(!*, & #& #* !"0?**,!&

* 0*!&" *, #& '(* *# /(0&,"< !(&&,"< ?*%",&< ** %* *!","!&

?"*6& ?" *# "*,&0*," @(!"< *,*,,"%* !"0" ?&* ,%?*,%&#*

?&& #& ="0&!>, * #& %(?**%(!(& ?"#!&.

LA COLECTIVIDAD EN LA FORMACIÓN DE LA SOCIEDAD

KE# T"" ?"%** !&&!*%!&% =**,*% & #&% * %(% ?&*%.

KE# ,)(" ?" % %"#" #* *% =!# %"*))< ,*!*%&&0*,* /& *

&6(?&%*< ," %>#" ?" #& %&%=&!!>, * %(% ,*!*%&*%< %," ?&& *# "

*%*,)"#)0*," * %(% !(&*% ?%'(!&% ...Q. L& %"!*& ?(** %* *%(&&

*%* (,& ?*%?*!)& "@*)& *#*0*,"% &%&!"% !"0" #& !(#(&< #& *#6>,< #&%

*"#"6&%< #& 0"& " *,< *%* (, ?(," * )%& %(@*)" & ?& * #& ,*6&!>,

,)(.3

A &)% * #& /%"& * #& /(0&,&< %* /&, *%&#*!" )&"%

0*!&,%0"% * !","# ?&& 0&,*,* *%&% *#&!",*% * *,*%&< !",="0*

%&% %* /&, )%" 0$% *%!","#&&%< /&, " 0?#*0*,$,"%* 0*&%

)*%&%. C", *# ?&%" *# *0?" %* *%&#*!*", ,"0&% '(* #"% ,)("%

*&, &!&& '(* 0?",&, (, !","#< *0" *0&,&"< *, #& /%"&

A,6(&< * (,& ?*%",&. P"!&% =(*", #&% !(#(&% '(* /&#&", * (, 6"*,"

!", #**% ,"0&% '(* ?"?!&&, !*&% !"0"&*% & 0$% * (, %*#*!"

3

A,&< A. KS"!*& E%&". Re%ista de a &ac#tad de Derecho M!"< D.F.<1995< ,. 2+< "!(*-!*0*< ??. 159-1::.


9/29


10/29

D(&,* (, &?"0&" * *% %6#"%< ," *,* 0&" ?"&6",%0" #&

%"!*& '(* *# * *%& %"0*& ?"* &%"#(" *# 0",&!&B * *%&

#0&& *, "" &%?*!"< 0%0& )* '(* !",!",&& 0"*,* ?" #&%

0?"%!",*% *#6"%&%. N" *% %," /&%& #&% *)"#(!",*% #**% *# %6#" VIII

!(&," #& %"!*& *0?*,* (, 0")0*," #!" * *"#>6!" ?&& %*

*!","!& !"0" ?&* ,%?*,%&#* *# ##&0&" E%&".

C", *# *%?#*," * #& I#(%&!>,< #& "6&,&!>, ?"#!& %"! /&%&

*,",!*% !",!*& *% *# 0&" !&0" '(* %* ?"(!* !(" *%(#&" =(* #&

!",!*,&!>, *# ?&?*# '(* #& %"!*& ?"%**< *% *!< %* '(*, **,*

*,* #& !&?&!&< !",@(,&< * *%&#*!* (, "*,.

A% !"0*,& #& *!",=6(&!>, *# E%&"< *, *# '(* ="0*,* *#?(*#"< #& %"!*& "6&,&&< & !(*?" & #& "6&,&!>, ?"#!& '(* @& %(%

&!)&*%. KS %* '(** *)& '(* =&!&%*< *# ?&!" *,* '(* /&* %"

*%&#*!" *,* ,)("%< 0"< ?"#!& * ,!#(%" *!",>0!&0*,* %0#&*%.7

R*!","!"% #"% ,**%*% "@*)"% * #& %"!*& /&*," ,"0&%

?*%*,*%< %* ?"!** & !*& (, &?&&" ,"0&)"< '(* *,&, *%"% **%

'(* *%&#*!& #&% 0*&% ,*!*%&&% ?&& ?*)* *# "*, "%*)& *#

!(0?#0*," * "*,&0*,". S, *0&6" ," /& * %* *# 0%0" ?(*#"'(*, @& %( ?"?" 6"*,"< *% *!< &("!&!&.5 S," '(* %* **,

**0,& 0"*#"% ?&& *# >?0" "*, * *%& *%& %"!*&.

P" "" #&"< *# !",!*?" * N&!>, ," (* ,*!*%&&0*,* & (, E%&"

, &(, *""< %* *=** 0$% *, & !(&*% '(* %(% 0*0"% ?"%**,

?"!*%"% * ,*&!!>, *, #"% '(* %* )*, ,0*%"%. *, !0*,&& *%& ,"!>,

#& *%(!(& "6&,&!", *% 0$% =$!# * *%&#*!*< 0%0& *, #& '(*

7

H"*%< T. E 'e%iat(!. 2 *< M!"< F"," * C(#(& E!",>0!&, 1980.

5

""< N. Estado) *obier!o y Sociedad.&. J"% F#"*,!" S&,##$,< M!"<F"," * C(#(& E!",>0!&< 1989< ?. 27+


11/29

)"#(,&&0*,* ?&!?&, "**!*,. E# *%&" &?&*!* 6&(*,* & &)%

* #"% ?*=*!!",&0*,"% * #& %"!*& /(0&,&

III- DERECHO Y ESTADO

LA CREACIÓN DEL DERECHO

P&& #"% =,*% *# &&@"< &6*0"% '(* *# "*,&0*," @(!"< *% *# !0(#"

* ,"0&%< !",!*&&% * =**,*% $0"%< '(* #& %"!*& /& &%&" %",

#"% #,*&0*,"% $%!"% '(* *,!&,&, #& ?*%",& * %( E%&" '(* *%

*0" ?" >6&,"% #*6%#&)"% =&!(#&"% ?&& *##"< 0%0& )* '(* *%&

,"0&)& *% "%*)&& !(0?#&. E%* D**!/" '(* *#%*, *,=!& !"0"

(& *,* (," E%&" *% )&&,* * (,& "6&,&!>, ?"#!& %"! &

"&B %, *0&6"< *, #& &!(& %* *!","!* '(* *# E%&" /& ?*" *#

0","?"#" #*6%#&)" D**!/" C",%(*(,&" D**!/" ,*,&!",< ,"

"%&,*< %* "6&,%0" )6#& *# &!&&0*," ?" ?&* * %( %"!*&. :

G(%&) R&(!/ ?"?",*< ?&& %( *0?"< (,& *& *# D**!/" ,")*"%&<

!("% 0&!*% ?*%%*, /&%& /" *, &< & #"% !(*% 0* *=* & "%

*%?*!*,*

• L& *& *# =, #" '(* ** %* *# D**!/" ," !"0" (, * !",!*?"

,0&0*,* *#&!",&" !", %( "" "@*)"B J(%!&• S*6(& J(!& %* *=** & #& %*6(& 0%0& *# D**!/"< '(* ?(*&

%* &!&&" 0&,*,"< ?&& *##" R&(!/ *%&#*!* !(&" !",!",*%B

** *%& ?"%)&"< ** *%& *%&(" *, /*!/"%< '(* %"% %*&,

?&!!&#*% '(* *# D**!/" ," ?(** %* *?(*%" & !&0"%.

:

E% ?" *0$% ?**,%"%" '(* ?(*& "=*!* (,& ,(*)& ?*%?*!)& " #(!>,*# *0& *, !(*%>,< &% '(* #0& 0% *?#!&!",*% & #&% #,*&% *=*&%.

R&(!/< G. I!trod#cció! a a &iosof+a de Derecho. E%?&&< F"," * C(#(&E!",>0!&< 197< ?.192


12/29

E%* ?& * &%?*!"% ?&*!*, 0&!& #"% *'(*0*,"% $%!"% ?&&

%"%*,* *# "*,&0*," &#* K?*?*(& E%&" * ",* *0&,&.

R&!(/ %"%*,* (, *!* *#*0*," '(* *% #& J(%!&< %, *0&6"< *%(#&

%* (, 0?*0*," !(&," %* && * ?",* *, ?$!!& #"% *0$%

0*!&,%0"%.

PRECURSORES DEL PENSAMIENTO DEL ESTADO8

D*%* #"% 6*6"% %* !(*%",&& *# 0"*#" * * 6"*,"< *##"% &&, ?"

/*!/" '(* %( 0"*#" * "6&,&!>,< #&% pois,) *, #&% '(* *%& #& *%!#&)(<

A*,&% '(* !",!* (, 0"*#" ?0)" * *0"!&!&< (, 6"*," *, ",*

#"% /"0*% #*% *&, '(*,*% &*0$% * ?"* *!&%* & #& ?"#!&< *&'(*,*% *, !",@(," *, *# $6"& %!(&, #&% *!%",*%.

E# E%&" M"*," ,!& *, *# R*,&!0*,"< ?"!& *, ",* *# ?"* %*

!*,& *, (, %"#" ,)(" *" & #& ,*%&#& * #& I6#*%&< #& !(

!"0*,& & 0*0& *# %%*0& * ?"(!!>, =*(. U,& )* !",%"#&" *#

?"* *,"," & #"% /&&,*% * (, **0,&" *""< *% !(&," ?"*0"%

!"0*,& & /&#& * #"% E%&"% N&!",*%.

L& *"& !#$%!& *# E%&" #" *,=!& !", *% *#*0*," 0?*%!?#*%

Territorio) -#ebo y -oder ?" *%* #0" ?"*0"% *,*,* '(* %* *=** &

S"*&,&< 0*,&% '(* #& =**,!&!>, * P"#&!>, P(*#" #& !",%(* #*

!",!*?!>, * N&!>,< '(* %>#" ?(** %* &(& & #"% %(@*"% *," * #&

?"#&!>, '(* !"0?&*, &%6"% !(#(*% '(* #"% *,=!&, !", *# *%"< *,

!(&," & &("% !(&)"% !"0" #& #*,6(&< #"% **% #& !(#(&.

8

E, !(&," & #"% &("*% '(* ?*%*,"< %", *"% !"0?#&"% *, M&,%##&<M&.Teor+a *e!era de Estado. A!too$+a. M!"< D.F.< %&< )"# 1-3.

9

KL&% P"#% #&% C)&%< P*! A!(& V6#< 2++1< *, #,*&Q. D%?",#* *,?&)%&6",&(&.W"?*%%.!"02+11+5+9#&-?"#%--#&-!)&%


13/29

/ico(s 0a1#ia%eo

L& ?"!& '(* ))> *# =#"*,," =(* *%6" * #& !",%(!!>, * (,& ,(*)&

"6&,&!>, ?"#!&< *, #& !( #& (,=!&!>, *# !","# %"* *# *"" %(%

/&&,*% %&,!&& * #& "%*)&,!& * #& I6#*%& ?*0> (, *%&"##"

%"!< #!" ?"#!" '(* #& I& *# %6#" IV V ," *%&& !*!& * !","!*.

L& "0,&!>, *# ?"* ?&? *, #& ?*,,%(#& I!&< *, *%* *,",!*%

*,!&,&" ?" A#*@&," VI< !"0?#!&& #&% *#&!",*% ?"#!&%. D(&,* *%*

*0?" * ,*%&#& *, "" &%?*!"< N!"#$% M&'(&)*#" #"6> !"0?*,* #&

?"#*0$!& '(* &&)*%&", #"% (!&"% ?,!?&"% * I&< ?" #" '(*

*> (, &,$#%% &!*!& * #& 0?"&,!& * !",%( (,& "6&,&!>, %"!

'(* ?"0")*& *# &?&&" ?"#!" * (,& 0*@" 0&,*&. P&& *##"< %( * =(* #&

(,=!&!>, * #"% *""% * #& ?*,,%(#&B %, *0&6"< ?&& *%* 6&,

?*%",&@* *%* &!" %>#" ?"& %* *?"(!" ?" (, /"0* !", *# *," #&

/&#& ,*!*%&&B * *%& 0&,*& &%> %(% *?*!&)&% *, *# /@" *# P&?&<

C*%& "6&.

S *, ," ?(" )* *&& %( *&< M&'(&)*#" @(," !", %(%

?#&,*&0*,"% &,$#%% *0?!"< *?(*%"% *, %( "& ?,!?< E# P,!?*

=(* *# ?0* &(" *, ,!& *# *%(" * &'(*##& "6&,&!>, ?"#!& & #& '(* #

0%0" ,"0& KE%&"< !"0" ,!& %( "& KT#tti i Stati” . E%& ,"!>, /&

&%!*," /&%& ,(*%"% &%< )"#),"%* ,%?*,%&#* ?&& *,*,* #&%

*#&!",*% %"!*%< ?"#!&% @(!&%.

2ea! 3odi!

É# =(* *# ?0*" *, ?"?",* *# E%&" N&!",< *,=!$,"#" !", %*%

0?"&,*% *#*0*,"%


14/29

1 U,& 0",*& !"0,2 U, !"0*!" **" *6(#&"3 U,& 6#*%& ,&!",7 U, *@!" (,=!&"5 U, ?"* !",!*,&" 0",&'(& " *?#!&

: U,& !",!*,!& ,&!",. A%< ?(*%< %* *,*,* ?" N&!>, !"0" 0," %"!"#>6!" !",@(,"

!(#( #*,6(&@*< !"%(0*%, * (, =((" !"0,<

'(* !"0?&* (,& !"0(,& %"!B %"% &("% ""6&, !"/*%>, & #&

!"#*!)&.

", !",!*&< *%* *,",!*%< #& ,&(*& *# D**!/" !"0" *# D**

S*. E, %( "&< 'os seis ibros de a Rep4bica< %* ?(** &?*!& #& ,*,!>, *

%"0** %"*&," & #"% *6#&0*,"%B *% *!< #& #0&!>, *# ?"*

?**,*!*,* *?*%*,&,* *# E%&".

P" "" #&"< ", *% '(*,< ?" )* ?0*&< *%&"##& #& *& *

S"*&,& !"0" (, *#*0*," ,%?*,%&#* ?&& *# %"%*,0*," *

"6&,&!>, ?"#!&B * *%& *& ?")*,* %( &=0&!>, * '(* ," *& #& I6#*%&

'(*, **0,&& E%&"1+. É# 0%0"< %*,& *%&% ,"!",*%< ,!#(*

!(&&,"< ," !"0" %(@*" * #"% ?)#*6"% '(* #* ""6& *# /&&

*%&"##&%* *, #& !"#*!)&< *6" ?" (, "*,&0*," )6#&& ?" (,&

&("&< %," !"0" *# *,* '(* *% *!","!" ?" #& "#6&!>, *,* %"*&,"

%".

E%& !",!*?!>, %* 0"=!& & ?& * #& ="0&!>, *# E%&" *

D**!/"< *, #& '(* #& *#&!>, *,* 6"*,&"% 6"*,&,*%< &%!*,* #&

%0?#* "**,!& " %(0%>, * %(@*" &,* "".

E, %( #" I#ris "!i%ersi Distrib#tio< *# &(" *%"& #" '(* 0$% &* %*

!",%*&& !"0" (, E%&" %(?&,&!",< %*," (, ?#&,*&0*," '(* ""%

*>!"% *"0&&, *%&"##&&, !", 0&" ?*!%>,.

1+

P&& *@*0?#"% *#&)"%< ?"*0"% 0*,!",& *# !&%" * I,6#&*&.


15/29

Thomas Hobbes

E# E%&" " L*)&$,< !"0" # #* *,"0,& *% (, *,* "0,?"*,*< !*&" ?" *#

/"0* !", *# =, * *%6(&&%* "*,* ?"*!!>, ?" ?&* * %*B &%< *#

,)(" !** %( #*&< %, *0&6"< *%* &!" ," !",(* & '(* *# /"0*

%*& %(0%" E%&"< ?(*% * #& 0%0& 0&,*& *, '(* # #" !*>< #& %"!*&

?(** *%% * #& (,>,< & %*& ?" &(%" * ?"* " ?" #& ,!"0?**,!& *#

0%0".

2oh! 'oc5e

E%* &("< * "6*, ,6#%< ?"0(*)* #& =!!>, * (, !",&" %"!< #& !(

&%*,& *, %( =&%* KS*," ""% #"% /"0*%< !( %* /& !/"< #*%< 6(*%

* ,*?*,*,*%< ,&* ?"$ %* %(%&" * *%* *%&" %"0*" ?"*

?"#!" * "" %, %( !",%*,0*," *# !( %* *!#&& !",),*," !", ""%

/"0*% (,%* *, !"0(,& ?&& )) !>0"&< *%6(&&& ?&!=!&0*,*

(,"% !", ""% XQ. C(&," !('(* ,0*" * 6*,*% /(**, !",%*," *,

!",!*& (,& !"0(,& * 6"*,"< %* /#&$, ?" *##" &%"!&"% ="0&$,

(, !(*?" ?"#!".

E% 0?"&,* 0*,!",& '(*< &(,'(* *%* *0?" &$% A%>*#*%<

C!*>, P"#"< & /&!&, (%>, *0&< L"!* =(* *# )*&*" ?*!(%" *

#& )%>, * =(,!",*% *# E%&". S, *0&6"< C/&#*% L"(% * S*!",&, *%

'(*,< 0$% &*< !",%"#& *%& *"& ?&& ?"?",* (, P"* E@*!()"< (,"

L*6%#&)" "" J(!. E, )* * *%* *!*" L"!* ?"?",& *# P"*

F**&)" !(& !"0?**,!& *&, #&% *#&!",*% **"*%.

2ea! 2ac1#es Ro#ssea#


16/29

C", *%* &(" =&,!% ?&*!* !",!#( ="0*,* #& *"& !",&!(%&<

?"?",*," (,& ?*%?*!)& 0$% ?*%",%& *# E%&"< ),"%* *=#*@&& *,

%( =>0(#& KE,!",&" (,& ="0& * %( %*!!>, '(* *=*,& ?"*@& !", #&

=(*& !"0, #& ?*%",& * #"% *,*% * !&& &%"!&" ?" #& !( !&& (,"<

(,,"%* & ""% ,")*#*%!& !0& % 0%0" ?*0&,*!& &, #* !"0" &,*%.

J*&, J&!'(*% *),!&< * 0(!/&% 0&,*&%< #& ?"%!>, *# ,)(" *

#& %"!*& &,* *# ?"* * #& "6&,&!>, ?"#!&. E, %( "& %* #"6&

*%'(*0&& *&% *# i#s!at#ismo< 0%0&% '(* %*&, ?"0""&% * #&

*)"#(!>, *"#>6!& * %( *0?" '(* *, !",@(," !", ""% &("*%< %*

?#&%0&&, *, #& KD*!#&&!>, * #"% D**!/"% *# H"0* *# C(&&,".

E% ?*!%&0*,* !", *%* "!(0*," !", *# &!& * ,*?*,*,!& * #&%

*!* !"#",&% * N"*&0!&< !(&," %* /&#& ="0*,* *# E%&"

C",*0?"$,*"< !",*0?#& ," %"#&0*,* (,& "6&,&!>, %"! ?"#!&

@(!&< %," &*0$%< *!","!* & #"% ,)("%< ," %>#" !"0" %(@*"% * *%*

6"*,"< %," *%* (,& !",!*?!>, '(* ?"&0"% !",%*& 0*&=%!&-

!"0" %**% /(0&,"% ?"%**"*% * **!/"% * #"% '(* %", 0**!*"*% ?" *#

%0?#* /*!/" * %* *%.

6ihem &riedrich He$e

M&!& *# ,=&%% *# &,%?*%",%0"< *% *!< *# E%&" !"0" ?*?",*&,*

,)(". P&& H*6*#< *# E%&" *% (, ?"!*%" !!" *,* #& *%% * #& =&0#&

#& &,*%% * #& %"!*&B ?&*< %*6, #< * (, *%?( %(@*)" !"0?(*%"

* *&% ,*,&% " ?*,%&0*,"% '(* %*0?* *,*, /&!& (, =, * (, *%?(

"@*)" '(* 0&,=*%& *%&% *&% *, *# 0(," =%!" 0*&,* ,%(!",*%B *%"%

*%?(%< (,%*< !",!*&, *# *%?( &%"#(" *# E%&"< '(* *# &(" *0$,

*!","!* !"0" *# D"% '(* ?&%& ?" #& T*&.


17/29

*eor$ 2ei!e5

E%* &(" *,=!& ?(*#" !"0" #& !"0(,& * /"0*% %"0*"% & (,&

&("& *!","!& &!*?&&11. P" "" #&"< &0, *!","!* '(* *# P"*<

!"0" *#*0*," *# E%&"< ," *% *# G"*,".

J*##,* *,=!& #"% "@*)"% " =,*% * *%& *%(!(& ?"#!"-%"!<

),"#"% *,

• F,*% A%&!"% *, !"0,< 0?&!>, * @(%!&< %*)!"% ?#!"%• F,*% R**% #*& %*6(&.

E# E%&" *% '(*, !*& (,& C",%(!>,< =*,* & #& !( ** %"0**%* * #&

0%0& 0&,*& '(* #"% !(&&,"%< &(,&" /*!/" * '(* ** "%*)& '(* #&

%"!*& !(0?#& !", *##&. E, *%& *& %* ?*!* #" '(* !"0*,& & %* *#

?,!?" *# E%&" * D**!/"< !",!*?"% '(* **, *%& #6&"% (," "".

Ha!s 7ese!

R*"0& (,&% * #&% *&% * #& *%!(*#& * #& J(%?(*,!& D"60$!&< * #&

'(* J*##,* *& 0*0". E# E%&" *% D**!/".

P&& *#%*,< *# D**!/" *% !*&" ?" *# E%&"< ?*" ," *%$ "#6&" &

!(0?##". E, %( "&< 'a Teor+a -#ra de Derecho< *@& *,*)* '(* *# D**!/"

%* (!& *, (, ?#&," *>,!" S"##*,-D** S*< 0*,&% '(* *# E%&" *%

!*&!>, *# %%*0& ,"0&)"< & &)% *# !( *% *@*!" ?#*,&0*,* *#

D**!/" ?&& *%&#*!* "*,. É# /&!*< 6(*,*< #& ?*,*,* %,!>, *,*

G"*," E%&"< %*," *# ?0*" (, 0& * ,**%*% '(* *%&#*!* (,

"*, ,"0&)" *0&,&" * %(% =&!(#&*% !",!*&% ?" *# E%&"< !(&

*@*!(!>, %* /#& & #& ?& *# D**!/" !*&" ?" *# E%&".

11

J*##,*< G. Teor+a *e!era de Estado. &. F*,&," * #"% R"%< (*,"% A*%< A6*,,&< E("%< 2++5< ?. 997


18/29

Herma! Heer

E, %( Teor+a de Estado ?"?",* (, *%(" *%& 0*&,* #& "%*)&!>, *

!,!" *#*0*,"%

& N&(*& /(0&,& *%$!& E%*,!& * (,& %"!*&! E%*,!& * (,& &("& C*&!>, * (, "*, @(!" '(* *6(#* & #& &("&< * C",%&,* !(*%",&0*," * #& **,&!>, *# ?"*

E, %( "&< H*##* /&#& &!*!& *# P"* P"#!" #" *,*,* !"0" *#

K*@*!!" #* &(>,"0" * ?"*< !", #" '(* *=** '(* ," "&% #&% &!!",*%

*# E%&" &(, &'(*##&% %(%*,&&% *, *# "*, @(!" %", &!"% ?"#!"%.

2ac1#es 0aritai!

F,*,*< J&!'(*% M&&, ?"*!& #&% ,"!",*% *

& Com#!idad !",@(," * ?*%",&% '(* ," *,*, (, =, !"0,< ?" #" '(*!"*%?",*, & (,& %0?#* *(,>,.

Sociedad !",@(," * ?*%",&% !", !",%!*,!& * ,**%*% "@*)"%!"0(,*%< *# !( %* =(,&0*,& *, (,& =(*& 0".

! /ació! %"!*& " !"0(,& "6&,&&< &%&& *, *# #,&@*.

C#erpo -o+tico ?**,*!*,* & #& %"!*&< *% #& "6&,&!>, '(*?*%6(* (, =, '(* %>#" ?(** %* %&%=*!/" 0*&,* #& ,*)*,!>, *#E%&".

* Estado *% #& ?&* *# !(*?" ?"#!" '(* !*&< "*,& ?"*6* #& #*<*,!&6&" * "%*)& *# *, !"0,. S* )* *, >6&,"% '(* *@*!*, *#?"* 0*&,* #& !"&!!>,B * *%& ="0& /&!*, !(0?# #& ,"0&. E#E%&" %>#" *%*< *, &>, * #& (#& *# /"0*< ?&& %&%=&!* %(%

,*!*%&*% ?")**#* #&% !",!",*% ,*!*%&&% * %*6(&.

M&&, *% (, *>!" *# E%&" S(?&,&!", *0& '(* ", J*##,*

/&&, *%&"##&" !", &,*"&< '(* %(%*,& *, #&% "6&,&!",*%

,*,&!",*% !"0" #& ONU< #& OTAN #& UE.


19/29


20/29

)"#)*%* #*60". E# ?"* #*6 *% &'(*# *, *# '(* *# !(&&," @(%=!& %(

"**,!& "*,&0*,"B *% *!< %"#&0*,* %* ?(** /&#& * ?"*

#*60" !(&," #"% 6"*,&,*% &%(0*, ?" !",)!!>, *# "*,&0*,"

0?*%", *%&#*!" #*6*,*.

D*%* #& "& ?*%?*!)&< "" !& & *#%*,< ?&& '(*, D**!/"

E%&" %", (," 0%0"B #* &%& #& )* ="0& *# "*,&0*," @(!" 0$%

'(* (, !",*," @(%"13. *#%*, &%$,"%* *, !", %( N"0& H?"!&

F(,&0*, !",%*& '(* ** /&* (,& ,"0& '(* !** *# %%*0& ,"

'(* %*& ?" *# %"*&,"< * %* &% *%* *# ,!" %* && * (, ?"* * /*!/"

," * **!/".

E, #&% !#$%!&% ,"!",*% * #*6& #*60&< ?" (, #&" (, 6"*,"

%(% %?"%!",*% *&, #*60&% *, &," *&, *!","!&% &!*?&&% ?" *#

?"* ?&?. C",%"#&"% #"% *,"% *("?*"% *, #&% 0",&'(&% &%"#(&%< %*

*%!(& &(%& * *%* ?"* '(* #*60& *# ?"?" %"*&,". E%* "*, %*

0&,*,* /&%& 0*&"% *# %6#" VII< *% !(&," *# ?*,%&0*," #* ?"#!"

?*0*& #& *%=*& *# ?"* *%?>!" ?&& #&% ?0*&% !&&% *# %6#" I< *,

*# *%" * A0!& !"0*,& #& *& * #* **0,&!>, *# 6"*,".

A(,'(* *, #"% !&%"% * #&% 0",&'(&% &%"#("% "!(& (, *!*%" *

?"*< %(!** &0, '(* ?" %* *0&%&" ?"!"< *%& "%*)&,!& *# "*,

,"0&)"< ?(** ##*6& & ?*%*,&%* #& ,*!*%& * *?",* 6"*,&,*< !",

*# ?"?>%" * 0&,*,* #&% !",!",*% $%!&% ?&& *# ?#*," *%*,)"#)0*,"

*# ,)(" *# #"6" * #&% 0*&% %(?&,)(*% '(* ?"%** *# E%&".

E, %(0&< #& e$itimidad %* *=** (#" * ?"*B #& e$aidad (*

*@*!!" * *%& ?"*%&. E# ?,!?" * #*6& '(* *,=!&& *# (*,

13

E%& ?"%(& %* *),!& /" *, & !", #& ,"!>, * D**!/"% F(,&0*,*%B(, !",*," 0,0" * "%*)&,!& 6*,*< '(* *# E%&" *!","!* **&%*6(& %( *" !(0?#0*,".


21/29

6"*," *# 0 6"*,"< *, #& &!(& ," *% 0$% '(* (, *=**,* ?&&

*%&#*!* !*"% )"&)"% %(@*)"%.

L& #*60&< %* *?*%*,& & &)% *# !",%*,%" '(* /& *%&#*!" #&

%"!*& *, %(% #**%< %&% %"%*,*, #"% *'(*0*,"% 0,0"% * #*6&'(* **, ?*)*!* ?&& *# 0&,*,0*," *# E%&".


22/29

IV- ESTADO DE DERECHO

S* *,*,* ?" E%&" * D**!/"< #& ="0& ,%(!", &%(0& ?" *# 6"*,"

* #&% #**% r#e of a89< !",&?(*%" 6"*," * #"% /"0*%B ?")%" *

,"0&% )$#&% ?&& "& #& !"#*!)&. P" &," %* *,*,* '(* #& #*6&

**0,& &/"& *# 6"*," #*60" *# #*60"17.

L&% #**% *, #&% '(* %* &%& *# 60*,< *%&#*!*, &0, #&% ,%(!",*%

0*&,* #&% !(*% *# E%&" /&* !(0?# %(% =(,!",*%. C"0" /* 0*,!",&"

&,*%< %* & ," ?"%** *# 0","?"#" #*6%#&)" *=*" D**!/"

I,*,&!",< *# E%&" %* )* !"0?"0*" & #,*&0*,"% (,& ,"0&)&

'(* ** 6(*,* *& *, "& #& *%(!(&.

P(*%" '(* ," *%* (, D**!/" (,)*% &!&&"< *,*,*0"% '(* /&

E%&"% * D**!/"< '(* ," *,!&@&, *, #& !",%*&!>, * !",%(!",*%< ?*"

'(* % ?"%**, ,%(!",*% ?,!?"% ,"0&)"% '(* *6(#&, *# "*, %"!

?"#!".

R*%?*!" & '(* % ?(** &,%6* " ," *# E%&" * D**!/"B @(%&%

'(* &*,*, &0, & #& %"!"#"6&< ?*!*, a!omias< !"0" &'(*##&%

!!(,%&,!&% *, '(* "!(* (,& ,"%*)&,!& *# "*,&0*," @(!"< & %*&?" =& *# !(0?#0*," ?" ?&* *# E%&" " ?" ," %* &!&&" ?" #"%

%(@*"% & '(*,*% )& 6"B *,=!&, *,",!*% (, E%&" * L**%< *, *# '(*

," %* &?#!&,. E%" %* **< %*6, M&,(*# O"?*&< ?" #& *=!*,* &("&B

?" ," &?#!& !"*!&0*,* #& #*6%#&!>,< " *, ?" #& =& * #6*,!& *#

#*6%#&" !*& #& ,"0&< !(& *=!&!& *% ,(#&.

17

Cfr. ""< ,. Ori$e! y: op. cit.


23/29

GOIERNO

H& * *,*,*%* !"0" (,& !&?&!&< #0&& *%(!(&&< '(* ?"%** *#

E%&" ?&& *& #"% &!"% !"*%?",*,*% & %( **< *,*,"% *%"%!"0" "@*)"% %(?&,)(*%.15

E%* %*& '($% *# *0& '(* 0&" &0?#( ?(*& /&* *," * #&%

!",%*&!",*% *# *0& * KE%&"< ?&& !"0*,&< *% =!# **0,& *, '(

0"0*," %* /&#& * (,& !&?&!& *%(!( '(* ?"0(*)& &!!",*% '(*

*6(#*, #&% *#&!",*% * #"% 0*0"% * #& &%"!&!>, !", *# ?"?>%" * #"6&

(, =, *, *,*=!" * "& #& !"#*!)&.

D*%* A%>*#*%< C!*>,< P"#"< %* /&#&& * #&% ="0&% **% *

6"*," #&% *!&*,!&% * #&% 0%0&%B *,=!$,"#&% !"0"

• 0o!ar1#+a;dictad#ra, *# ?"* * 0&,*&

&&& *%?>!&.• Aristocracia;oi$ar1#+a< E# 6"*," * #"% 0*@" ?*?&&"%< (, 6(?"

*(!" '(* ?"& )*#& ?" *# *%" * #"% 0*0"% * #& !",6*6&!>,<

'(* %* !""0?& &(%&& * #"% ?)#*6"%< !*&& #& *%=*& ?"#!& &%( !",))*,!&.

• R*%?*!" * #& *!*& ="0& * 6"*," *!","!& ?" #"% 6*6"%< *%

=!# /&!* *,!&@& *, (,& %"#&B (,"% !",%*&&, & #& democracia

!",!*& *, %( *&?& &!&!& !"0" #& ?*" ="0& * 6"*,"< %*," %(

"?(*%" ?"%)"< #& rep4bica.

E%& !#&%=!&!>,< 0*,"% *, !(&," & #"% 0,"% '(* 0&,*@&< /&

?*)*!"< %, *0&6"< &," #&% !",!*?!",*% !"0" %(% *=,!",*% %* /&,0"=!&" & #" #&6" * #& /%"&< ?(," * !",%*& & #& Democracia !"0"

*# 6"*," 0$% &*!(&"< *%(#&" * #&% *)"#(!",*% #**% '(* ?*0* *#

15

A,&< A. KS"!*&X op. cit.


24/29

*%*,)"#)0*," * #"% !(&&,"%B *%?&" ?" (,& C",%(!>, '(*

!",*0?#* #& !"*!& "6&,&!>, *# E%&"< * 0&,*& '(* ," &,%6*& *%&%

#*&*%< ?(** *,*%* ?" *# 0*@" 6"*,".

SEGURIDAD

C"0" & *%"&" &,*"0*,*< #& =(,!>, ?0" *# E%&" * D**!/" *%

*# * ?")** %*6(& *, "&% %(% *%=*&% ,&!",< ?#!&< @(!&

Y& R&!(!/ /&!& *=**,!& & #& %*6(& !"0" *#*0*," *# D**!/"<

?*" ," !"0" (,& &%&!!>, '(* **& ?")**< %," !"0" #& !",%&,* '(* #*

?*0* "*,&0*," @(!" ?*)*!*. S(0&" & #& (& '(* ?"?",*

*#%*, ?(** *,*,* '(* #& %*6(& @(!& *% *%& *%&#& '(* ""6&

!",=&,& #& ?*%*)&!>, K?*?*(& *# E%&".

P" %( ?&* #& %*6(& ,&!", ?&* * #& !",!*?!>, /(0&,%& *#

,)("< ,0*%" *, #& !"#*!)&< !", =,*%B **%< 0*&%< !(#(& *,

!"0,< #" '(* !",=** (,& *,& *," * #& !",!*?!>, * N&!>,. A%< *%*

?" * %*6(& ** )*#& ?" 0&,*,* #&% !",!",*% ?&& '(* *# /(0&,"

?(*& !",%*)& *%"% &%6"% !&&!*%!"% '(* &*0$%< & *, #& &%"!&!>,<

?*0*, #& *,& *# E%&".

L& %*6(& ?#!& ," %* #0& /*!/" * 6&&,& #"% *,*% @(!"%

&=*!&"% ?" !",(!&% !",&&% "*, ,"0&)"< !",%*& &0, #"%

**!/"% ?#!"% ?"?*&< #* &%"!&!>,< %( *% *!< %)&6(&& #"%

,)*#*% 0,0"% * *,*%& &!!*%" & #"% %*)!"% $%!"%. 1:

V- CONCLUSIONES

1:

G",*< R. et a. Se$#ridad -4bica e! 0=>ico. -robemas) perspecti%as y prop#estas. M!"< UNAM< 1997< ?. 19+.


25/29

L& )*& *$% * #& *)"#(!>, *# E%&" * D**!/"< *% '(* ," %* && * (,

6"*,&,* ?"?!&," #&% !",!",*% $%!&% " ,*!*%&&% ?&& #& *%&#&

* #& %"!*&< %," (,& *#&!>, *!?"!& *, #& '(* #& %"!*& ?&!?& * #&

!",%&,* &!)&!>, * #&% =(,!",*% *# E%&"< & &)% * #&% )*%&%

,%(!",*% '(* *,!&,&, "6&,%0"< *%?*&," #& #*6& '(* %* /&

?"0")" *, #& '(* !&& ,(*)" ,)("< *0?" " K?*0&,*,*0*,* **

?&!?& &," ?&%)& !"0" &!)&0*,*.

S* && * (,& *#&!>, !!& *, #& '(* (,& !"#*!)& "6&,&&< *,

&!"% #*% * ?"*< *% *!< *@*!*," #& =(*& * *%%*,!& " #& * *6*,!&

!"0" ?*!>,< &,* #& &&*& *# " * #"% **,&"*% * #& "6&,&!>,

?"#!&< !*&, ( "*, &=, & %(% ,*!*%&*%< **% *'(*0*,"%< 0%0"

'(*< *,",!*%< &," *# 6*,* !"0" #"% 6"*,&"% /&, * &!&& !(0?#

"%*)& %( !(0?#0*,". A% %* !*& *,",!*% *# E%&" * D**!/"< !("

%%*0& ,"0&)" #*60& 6"*,&,* (,& )* '(* ?" !",)!!>, &!*?& *#

!&6" &% %* "#6& & *& *%&"##& #"% 0*"% ?&& ?")** * #&%

!",!",*% $%!&% & #& %"!*& ?&& *& %( *%&"##" & ,)*# ,)(<

0%0& )* '(* &%*6(& *# *,*%& #& %)&6(&& * #&% #*&*% **!/"%

?#*,&0*,* *!","!"% &!*?&"% *, *# ?"!*%" !!".

C"0" ?,!?" =(,&0*, * #& É!&< %* ** &!*?&< '(* ,0*%" *, *%*

?"!*%" !",%&,* * !&0"< * *),!&!>, *# %* /(0&," !"0" *,* =%!"<

%*,%#*< ,*#*!( 0"< %* *,!(*,&, #"% )"*% &=,*% * %( *%&"##"

'(* &@" ,,6(,& !!(,%&,!& &!*?&, *"!*%" *, %( ?"!*%" !",!*?(. D*

*%" %* *)& #&% &%*% %"* #&% '(* *# ,*"!",%(!",%0" /& ?"" &&@&

*, #&% '(* %* /& ?"*!&" & ,)*# ,*,&!",.

L"% ?#&,"% '(* &&", #"% 6*6"% '(* M&'(&)*#" ,"0> !"0" E%&"%", /"< ,&)"% &, ?#(*% '(* ,!#(%" &% !"0?&*, !*&% !(&*%B ?*"

!(&% ?(#&!",*%< %(% %"!*&*% %", &, 0$% )*%&%< ?" *##" ," *% =$!#

0?#*0*,& !*&% 0*&% * (, 0"*#" * "6&,&!>, ?"#!& & ""B *, *#

'(* #&% !",!",*% 6*"6$=!&% %", 6( * **0,&,*% *, #" !",!*,*,*


26/29

*%&"##" *!",>0!"< ?&& '(* ?(*&, %* &?")*!/&"% *, ?"% * *,*=!&

*%&"##" %"!.

N" "%&,* % ,(*%" E%&" ," ?*) #& ,"0&)& ,*!*%&& &*!(&&

& #"% *'(*0*,"% * #& %"!*&< '(* ?*%* & *##" *% 0?(*%"< ?" '(/*0"% *,",!*% * "**!* & *%* D**!/"< '(* ," ?&*!* ?")*, * (,&

"6&,&!>, ?"#!& * #& '(* *# ?"!*%" *)"#()" * #& %"!*& /&& !",)*,"

&!*?&" '(* ," #"6& !(0?# !&*,* !", #& =,& * %*6(&

C(&," (," * #"% *% =,*% *# "*,&0*," @(!" =#&< ," %* )(*#)*

*,",!*% (,& 0*& !,!& * !","# %"!

E% ,%?*,%&#* ?&& *# E%&" * D**!/" '(* ?(*& ?")** #&%

!",!",*% 0,0&% * %*6(&< '(* ?"%*& !**& *, #& &?#!&!>, * #&

,"0&)& !", *# "@*)" * ?"* *& ?#*,&0*,* #&% *#&!",*% #&%

&!)&*% * #"% ,)("%< 0$% #$ * #**% @(%&%B '(* ?(*&, %* &?#!&#*%<

'(* %* &?#'(*,.


27/29

VI- BIBLIOGRAFÍA

ARNAIZ< A("&. E Estado y s#s f#!dame!tos i!stit#cio!aes. 2 *. M!"<

T##&%< 2++< ?.7+5.

;;;;;; Estr#ct#ra de Estado. M!"< T##&%< 2++8< ?.3:.

;;;;;; /orberto 3obbio) s#s aportacio!es a a Cie!cia -o+tica. M!"< D.F.<

E" P"&< 2++:< ?. 211.

------ KS"!*& E%&". Re%ista de a &ac#tad de Derecho M!"< D.F.< 1995<

,. 2+< "!(*-!*0*< ??. 159-1::.

LONDEL< J*&, C&,%,"< C%& *"*%. -oitica 'eadership i! cha!$i!$

societies. M!"< C*," * E%("% * P"#!& C"0?&&&< 1998< ?.22.

OIO< N"*" et a . Diccio!ario de -o+tica 17 *< M!"< S6#" )*,(,"

*"*%< 2++5< ?. :83.

------ Estado) *obier!o y Sociedad. &. J"% F#"*,!" S&,##$,< M!"< F","

* C(#(& E!",>0!&< 1989< ?. 27+.

------ ")*"< M!/*#&,6*#". Ori$e! y f#!dame!tos de -oder -o+tico. M!"<

D.F.< E" G@"< 1985< ?.138.

OGDANY< A0, V",


28/29

FI-FIERRO< H!" L>?*< S*6". KL*60& !",& #*6&. L"% #*0&%

* #& &,%!>, @(!& *# E%&" * D**!/" *, M!"< -o+tica y *obier!o)

M!"< 2+11< )"#. 8< ,.2< %*6(," %*0*%*< ??. 37-393

FI-ZAMUDIO< H!". @ei!tici!co aos de e%o#ció! de a ?#sticia co!stit#cio!a B,;B,. M!"< I,%(" * I,)*%6&!",*% J(!&%< UNAM< 19:8< ?.1.

GONZ[LEZ< U*. Teor+a -o+tica. 17 *.< M!"< D.F.< E" P"&< 2++7< ?.

:1.

------ Hombre y Estado. M!"< D.F. E" P"&< 1988< ?.3:9.

GONZ[LEZ< R( et a. Se$#ridad -4bica e! 0=>ico. -robemas) perspecti%as y

prop#estas. M!"< UNAM< 1997< ?. 19+.

JELLINE< G*"6*. Teor+a *e!era de Estado. &. F*,&," * #"% R"%<

(*,"% A*%< A6*,,&< E("%< 2++5< ?. 997

ELSEN< H&,%. Teor+a *e!era de Derecho y de Estado. 3 *.< M!"< D.F.<

UNAM< 2++8< ?.7.

------ Teor+a -#ra de Derecho. &. F*,&,& A*, ""%< (*,"% A*%<

A6*,,&< E!",*% C"#/(*< 2+11< ?. 33.

LACLAU< M&,. Sobera!+a y Estado de Derecho. (*,"% A*%< A6*,,&<

A%*&< 2+17< ?.27.

LASI< H&"#. 'a $ram(tica de a -o+tica< e Estado moder!o. &. T*"""

G",$#* G&!&< G&,&< E%?&&< E" C"0&*%< 2++2< ?. :7.

LOE4ENSTEIN< &#. Teor+a de a Co!stit#ció!. &!*#",&< E%?&&< A*#< 198:<??. :28.

MA\UIAVELO< N!"#$%. E -r+!cipe. M!"< D.F.< E" T&((%< 2+13< ?.23:.


29/29

MANSILLA< M&& E#*,&. Teor+a *e!era de Estado. A!too$+a. M!"< D.F.< %&<

)"# 1-3.

MELOSSI< D&". E Estado de Co!tro Socia. "! est#dio socioó$ico de os

co!ceptos de estado y co!tro socia e! a co!fi$#ració! de a democracia. &.M&, M( U&%&< M!"< D.F.< S6#" V*,(," E"*%< 1992< ?. 295.

PORR]A< F&,!%!". Teor+a de Estado. 39 *.< M!"< D.F.< 2++5< ?. 53+.

RADRUCH< G(%&). I!trod#cció! a a &iosof+a de Derecho. E%?&&< F"," *

C(#(& E!",>0!&< 197< ?.192

SARTORI< G")&,,. Eeme!tos de Teor+a -o+tica. &. M&& L( M"$,< M&<

E%?&&< A#&,&< 1999< ?.3:8

SALAZAR< P*" CÓRDOVA< L"*," !""%. Repe!sar a 3obbio. 2 *.<

M!"< S6#" V*,(," E"*%< 2++< ?. 33:.

SERNA< J"% M&&. Estado de Derecho y tra!sició! ?#r+dica. M!"< D.F.<

I,%(" * I,)*%6&!",*% J(!&%< UNAM< 2++2< ?. 23.

SIRVENT< C",%(*#". Sistemas 2#r+dicos Co!tempor(!eos. 1 *. M!"<

E" P"&< 2+15< ?. 338.

STUART< J"/,. Sobre a 'ibertad. 8 *0?*%>, *, *%?&"#< &. P&#" *

A!$&*< M&< E%?&&< 2++< ?. 2+9.

URIE< E,'(* !"".. Estado) Sociedad y Derecho. M!"< E" P"&<

2+12< ?. 21+

VITALE< E0&,,". KH"*% #& *"& *# E%&" 0"*,". L& #*!(& * "".&. A*& G*??< ISE*ORFA. Re%ista de &iosof+a 0ora y -o+tica) 2++< ,.

3:< *,*"-@(,"< ?? 1+5-127.

Documents

Sociedad y Estado de Derecho