Hershey New YorkInformatIon scIence reference

Social Computing: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications

Subhasish DasguptaGeorge Washington University, USA

Volume I

Director of Editorial Content: Kristin KlingerDevelopment Editor Julia MosemannSenior Managing Editor: Jamie SnavelyAssistant Managing Editor, MVB: Michael BrehmTypesetters: Michael Brehm, Carole Coulson, Elizabeth Duke-Wilson, Devvin Earnest, Christopher Hrobak, Kurt Smith, Jamie Snavely, Sean WoznickiCover Design: Lisa TosheffPrinted at: Yurchak Printing Inc.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Social computing : concepts, methodologies, tools and applications / Subhasish Dasgupta, editor. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. Summary: "This book uncovers the growing and expanding phenomenon of human behavior, social constructs, and communication in online

environments,reflectingonsocialchange,evolvingnetworks,media,andinteractionwithtechnologyandmore"--Providedbypublisher. ISBN 978-1-60566-984-7 (hardcover) -- ISBN 978-1-60566-985-4 (ebook) 1. Information technology--Social aspects. 2. Technological

innovations--Social aspects. 3. Internet--Social aspects. 4.Technology--Social aspects. I. Dasgupta, Subhasish, 1966- HM851.S62996 2010 303.48'34--dc22 2009047176

Associate EditorsSteve ClarkeUniversity of Hull, UK

Murray E. JennexSan Diego State University, USA

Annie BeckerFlorida Institute of Technology USA

Ari-Veikko AnttiroikoUniversity of Tampere, Finland

Editorial Advisory BoardSherif KamelAmerican University in Cairo, Egypt

In LeeWestern Illinois University, USA

Jerzy KisielnickiWarsaw University, Poland

Keng SiauUniversity of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA

Amar GuptaArizona University, USA

Craig van SlykeUniversity of Central Florida, USA

John WangMontclair State University, USA

Vishanth WeerakkodyBrunel University, UK

Editor-in-Chief

Mehdi Khosrow-Pour, DBA Editor-in-Chief Contemporary Research in Information Science and Technology, Book Series

Hershey New YorkInformatIon scIence reference

Additional Research Collections found in the Contemporary Research in Information Science and Technology

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Electronic Commerce: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and ApplicationsS.AnnBecker,FloridaInstituteofTechnology,USA4-volumesetISBN978-1-59904-943-4

Electronic Government: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and ApplicationsAri-VeikkoAnttiroiko,UniversityofTampere,Finland6-volumesetISBN978-1-59904-947-2

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Intelligent Information Technologies: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and ApplicationsVijayanSugumaran,OaklandUniversity,USA4-volumesetISBN978-1-59904-941-0

Information Security and Ethics: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and ApplicationsHamidNemati,TheUniversityofNorthCarolinaatGreensboro,USA6-volumesetISBN978-1-59904-937-3

Medical Informatics: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and ApplicationsJosephTan,WayneStateUniversity,USA4-volumesetISBN978-1-60566-050-9

Mobile Computing: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and ApplicationsDavidTaniar,MonashUniversity,Australia6-volumesetISBN978-1-60566-054-7

Multimedia Technologies: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and ApplicationsSyedMahbuburRahman,MinnesotaStateUniversity,Mankato,USA3-volumesetISBN978-1-60566-054-7

Virtual Technologies: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and ApplicationsJerzyKisielnicki,WarsawUniversity,Poland3-volumesetISBN978-1-59904-955-7

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List of Contributors

Aaltio, Iiris \ University of Jyvskyl, Finland ................................................................................ 1648Abbas, June \ University of Oklahoma, USA................................................................................... 1174Abbott, Chris \ Reader in e-Inclusion, Kings College London, UK ............................................... 1489Abreu, Jorge Ferraz \ University of Aveiro, Portugal ...................................................................... 762Adkins, Barbara \ Queensland University of Technology, Australia .............................................. 2134Agne, Robert R. \ Auburn University, USA ..................................................................................... 1869Akoumianakis, Demosthenes \ Technological Education Institution of Crete, Greece ................... 527Alani, Harith \ University of Southampton, UK ................................................................................ 936Alder, William \ Sixth Form Student, Trinity School, UK ............................................................... 1489Ali, Irena \ Department of Defence, Australia ..................................................................................... 64Almeida, Pedro \ University of Aveiro, Portugal ............................................................................... 762Amelung, Christopher J. \ Yale University, USA.............................................................................. 885Amento, Brian \ AT&T Labs Research, USA ................................................................................. 732An, Junghyun \ University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA ............................................... 2211Auer, Sren \ University of Pennsylvania, USA & Institut fr Informatik,

Universitt Leipzig, Germany .......................................................................................................... 669Bachler, Michelle \ The Open University, UK ................................................................................... 864Baird, Derek E. \ Yahoo!, Inc., USA ................................................................................................ 2023Bala, Poline \ University Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia ..................................................................... 705Baro, Alexandre \ IST/INESC-ID, Portugal .................................................................................... 169Barglazan, Diana \ Politehnica University of Timisoara, Romania ................................................ 1155Baruh, Lemi \ Kadir Has University, Turkey......................................................................... 2057, 2305Basiel, Anthony Skip \ Middlesex University IWBL, UK ......................................................... 1610Batenburg, Ronald \ Utrecht University, The Netherlands ............................................................... 693Baur, Enzian \ London Metropolitan University, UK ........................................................................ 472Beck, Dennis \ Digital Worlds Institute, University of Florida, USA .............................................. 1362Benders, Jos \ Tilburg University, The Netherlands, & Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands ........................................................................... 693Bennett, Rick \ The University of New South Wales, Australia ....................................................... 1083Berki, Eleni \ University of Tampere, Finland ..................................................................................... 92Bernardi, Ansgar \ German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) GmbH,

Kaiserslautern, Germany ............................................................................................................... 2280Berrueta, Diego \ Fundacin CTIC, Spain ........................................................................................ 335Bevilacqua, Luca \ Engineering IT, Italy......................................................................................... 2005

Bibikas, Dimitris \ South East European Research Centre, Greece & Research Centre of the University of Sheffield and CITY College, Greece ............................... 1661

Bilandzic, Mark \ Technische Universitt Mnchen, Germany ........................................................ 622Bishop, Jonathan \ Glamorgan Blended Learning Ltd. & The GTi Suite & Valleys

Innovation Centre & Navigation Park & Abercynon, UK ............................................................. 1987Boloni, Ladislau \ University of Central Florida, USA ................................................................... 1969Botelho, Christopher M. \ Baylor Health, USA .............................................................................. 1636Breslin, John G. \ National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland ............................................... 1788Brzillon, Patrick \ LIP6, Paris 6, France ...................................................................................... 1754Brown, Ruth \ London South Bank University, UK ......................................................................... 1120Brown, Ruth E. \ The University of NebraskaLincoln, USA ......................................................... 1305Bruce, Bertram C. \ University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA ........................................ 2211Bullington, Joseph C. \ Georgia Southern University, USA ............................................................... 74Burke, Kelly \ University of Hawaii at Hilo, USA ............................................................................. 587Calton, Jerry M. \ University of Hawaii at Hilo, USA ...................................................................... 587Carminati, Barbara \ Universit degli Studi dellInsubria, Italy ................................................... 1706Carr, Mahil \ Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology, India ........................ 21Carter, Heather L. \ Arizona State University, USA ....................................................................... 2096Caus, Thorsten \ Georg August University of Gttingen, Germany.................................................. 294Cazier, Joseph A. \ Appalachian State University, USA .................................................................. 1636Chan, Tom S. \ Southern New Hampshire University, USA ............................................................ 1726Chatti, Mohamed Amine \ RWTH Aachen University, Germany ................................................... 1325Chorianopoulos, Konstantinos \ Ionian University, Greece ............................................................ 752Christmann, Stefan \ Georg August University of Gttingen, Germany .......................................... 294Chua, Alton Y. K. \ Nanyang Technological University, Singapore ................................................ 1778Clarke, Thomas L. \ University of Central Florida, USA ............................................................... 1969Code, Jillianne R. \ Simon Fraser University, Canada ......................................................... 1346, 1906Coleman, Phil \ Trinity University, USA .......................................................................................... 2113Correndo, Gianluca \ University of Southampton, UK ..................................................................... 936Coyne, Paul \ Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, UK ......................................................................... 1610Crabill, Scott L. \ Oakland University, USA ................................................................................... 1433Crosslin, Matt \ University of Texas at Arlingtons Center for Distance Education, USA ................ 849Curran, Kevin \ University of Ulster, UK ......................................................................................... 156da Silva, Alberto Rodrigues \ IST/INESC-ID, Portugal ................................................................... 169Dahl, Laura B. \ University of Utah, USA ....................................................................................... 1587Dautenhahn, Kerstin \ University of Hertfordshire, UK .................................................................. 602de Freitas, Hernni Borges \ IST/INESC-ID, Portugal .................................................................... 169de Pablos, Patricia Ordez \ University of Oviedo, Spain ............................................................. 335Decker, Stefan \ National University of Ireland, Ireland ....................................................... 1788, 2280Delalonde, Charles \ EDF R&D,, France ......................................................................................... 652di Carlo, Vladimiro Scotto \ Engineering IT, Italy ......................................................................... 2005Dorn, Jrgen \ Vienna University of Technology, Austria ................................................................. 305Draghici, Anca \ Politehnica University of Timisoara, Romania .................................................... 1155Drennon, Christine \ Trinity University, USA ................................................................................. 2113Dron, Jon \ Athabasca University, Canada ....................................................................................... 312Dunn, Randall \ Liberty University, USA ........................................................................................ 1527

Duthler, Kirk W. \ Petroleum Institute, UAE .................................................................................. 1626Eardley, Alan \ Staffordshire University, UK .................................................................................. 1378Eisenstadt, Marc \ The Open University, UK .................................................................................... 864Enz, Sibylle \ Otto-Friedrich-Universitaet Bamberg, Germany ........................................................ 602Esteves, Jose \ Instituto de Empresa Business School, Spain .......................................................... 1185Ewbank, Ann Dutton \ Arizona State University, USA ................................................................... 2096Fernndez, Sergio \ Fundacin CTIC, Spain .................................................................................... 335Ferrari, Elena \ Universit degli Studi dellInsubria, Italy ............................................................. 1706Ferri, Fernando \ IRPPS-CNR, Rome, Italy ...................................................................................... 896Fiedler, Sebastian \ Zentrum fr Sozial Innovation Centre for Social Innovation, Austria ........... 403Fini, Antonio \ University of Florence, Italy ...................................................................................... 238Fisher, Mercedes \ Milwaukee Applied Technical College, USA .................................................... 2023Fitzgerald, Robert \ University of Canberra, Australia .................................................................. 1030Flygare, Jill A. \ University of Utah, USA ....................................................................................... 1587Fonseca, Antnio Jorge Filipe \ ISCTE, Portugal .......................................................................... 1923Foo, Schubert \ Nanyang Technological University, Singapore ...................................................... 1778Foth, Marcus \ Queensland University of Technology, Australia ............................................ 622, 2134Foulger, Teresa S. \ Arizona State University, USA ......................................................................... 2096Friedland, Lisa \ University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA......................................................... 1797Friedman, Robert S. \ New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA ......................................................... 1Fu, Wai-Tat \ University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA ................................................... 1511Gangadharbatla, Harsha \ University of Oregon, USA ................................................................. 1569Gao, Fei \ East China University of Science and Technology Business School, China ................... 1336Garrigos, Fernando \ Universitat Jaume I, Spain ........................................................................... 1674Garza-Salazar, David A. \ Tecnolgico de Monterrey, Mexico ......................................................... 855Gibson, Kerri \ National Research Council, Canada ........................................................................ 802Goh, Dion Hoe-Lian \ Nanyang Technological University, Singapore ........................................... 1778Goldspink, Christopher \ Incept Labs, Australia & University of Surrey, UK .................... 1817, 1932Gomez, Lorena G. \ Tecnolgico de Monterrey, Mexico .................................................................. 855Greenhow, Christine \ University of Minnesota, USA ...................................................................... 188Grifoni, Patrizia \ IRPPS-CNR, Italy ................................................................................................ 896Grimes, Joe \ California Polytechnic State University, USA ............................................................. 816Grimnes, Gunnar Aastrand \ German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) GmbH,

Kaiserslautern, Germany ............................................................................................................... 2280Groza, Tudor \ National University of Ireland, Ireland .................................................................. 2280Gulbahar, Yasemin \ Baskent University, Turkey .............................................................................. 993Guzzo, Tiziana \ IRPPS-CNR, Italy ................................................................................................... 896Hagenhoff, Svenja \ Georg August University of Gttingen, Germany ............................................ 294Halvorsen, Andy \ Nagoya University of Commerce & Business, Japan ....................................... 1061Handschuh, Siegfried \ National University of Ireland, Ireland .................................................... 2280Harboe, Gunnar \ Motorola, USA ............................................................................................. 719, 950Harris, Lisa \ RMIT University, Australia ......................................................................................... 439Harrison, Chris \ Carnegie Melon University, USA ......................................................................... 732Hearn, Greg \ Queensland University of Technology, Australia ..................................................... 2134Hernn, Carolina Surez \ IE Universidad, Spain ......................................................................... 2226Ho, Wan Ching \ University of Hertfordshire, UK ............................................................................ 602

Hoanca, Bogdan \ University of Alaska Anchorage,, USA .............................................................. 1764Hoeken, Paul \ Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands ...................................................... 693Hoffman, Richard R. \ University of Utah, USA ............................................................................ 1587Huang, Elaine \ Motorola, USA ......................................................................................................... 950Huang, Jiehua \ Guangzhou University, China and Lappeenranta University

of Technology, Finland .................................................................................................................. 1648Huang, Wilson \ Valdosta State University, USA ............................................................................ 1740Humphreys, Lee \ Cornell University, USA ...................................................................................... 283Ibrahim, Yasmin \ University of Brighton, UK ..................................................................... 1718, 1855Jackson, Lorraine D. \ California Polytechnic State University, USA ............................................. 816Jagannathan, Sheila \ World Bank Institute in Washington DC, USA .............................................. 980Jkl, Mikko \ University of Jyvskyl, Finland ............................................................................... 92Jarke, Matthias \ RWTH Aachen University, Germany .................................................................. 1325Jazayeri, Mehdi \ University of Lugano, Switzerland ..................................................................... 2280Joly, Adrien \ Universit de Lyon, LIRIS / INSA, France ................................................................ 2172Joseph, Rhoda C. \ Pennsylvania State University Harrisburg, USA ............................................. 1185Juszczyszyn, Krzysztof \ Wrocaw University of Technology, Poland ............................................ 1957Kalelioglu, Filiz \ Baskent University, Turkey ................................................................................... 993Kamthan, Pankaj \ Concordia University, Canada ................................................ 105, 457, 560, 1012Kannampallil, Thomas \ University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA ................................ 1511Karatza, Marianthi \ Bank of Cyprus, Greece ................................................................................ 1470Kaup, D. J. \ University of Central Florida, USA ........................................................................... 1969Kay, Adam G. \ Dartmouth College, USA ....................................................................................... 2096Kay, Robert \ Incept Labs Australia, & University of Technology, Sydney, Australia .................... 1817Keegan, Helen \ University of Salford, UK ........................................................................................ 321Kelly, Owen \ University of Ulster, UK .............................................................................................. 156Kelshaw, Todd \ Montclair State University, USA........................................................................... 1804Kennedy, Max \ University of Kentucky, USA ................................................................................. 1555Kenny, Eugene \ University College Dublin, Ireland ...................................................................... 2164Kidd, Paul T. \ Cheshire Henbury, UK ............................................................................................ 2337Kim, Hak-Lae \ National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland................................................... 1788Kim, Hong-Gee \ Seoul National University, South Korea ............................................................. 1788Klaebe, Helen \ Queensland University of Technology, Australia ................................................... 2134Klink, Stefan \ Universitt Karlsruhe (TH) Research University, Germany ................................ 1389Kochikar, V. P. \ Infosys Technologies Ltd., India ........................................................................... 1317Koaczek, Grzegorz \ Wrocaw University of Technology, Poland ................................................. 1544Kolp, Manuel \ Universit Catholique de Louvain, Belgium ............................................................ 490Kompatsiaris, Ioannis \ Informatics & Telematics Institute, Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece .......... 2069Kostakos, Vassilis \ University of Bath, UK ...................................................................................... 911Kulyk, Olga \ University of Twente, The Netherlands ..................................................................... 1454Labra, Jose E. \ University of Oviedo, Spain .................................................................................... 335Laegran, Anne Sofie \ Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway,

& Research Centre for Social Sciences, Edinburgh, UK ............................................................... 1139Laffey, James M. \ University of Missouri-Columbia, USA .............................................................. 885Lameras, Petros \ South East European Research Centre, Research Centre

of the University of Sheffield and CITY College, Greece .............................................................. 1045

Lavariega, Juan C. \ Tecnolgico de Monterrey, Mexico ................................................................. 855Lee, Chei Sian \ Nanyang Technological University, Singapore ..................................................... 1778Lee, Mark J. W. \ Charles Sturt University, Australia ...................................................................... 417Leezer, Jason \ Trinity University, USA ........................................................................................... 2113Lemesianou, Christine A. \ Montclair State University, USA ........................................................ 1804Leng, J. \ Visual Conclusions, UK ................................................................................................... 2317Levy, Philipa \ University of Sheffield, UK ...................................................................................... 1045Lewis, Mark \ Trinity University, USA ............................................................................................ 2113Lewkowicz, Myriam \ Universit de Technologie de Troyes, France ............................................. 1155Lim, Meiyii \ Heriot-Watt University, UK ......................................................................................... 602Linton, Jonathan D. \ Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA .............................................................. 1Lisewski, Bernard \ University of Salford, UK ................................................................................. 321Little, Alex \ The Open University, UK .............................................................................................. 864Long, Shawn D. \ University of North Carolina at Charlotte, USA ................................................ 1626Lowenthal, Patrick R. \ University of Colorado Denver, USA & Regis University, USA ........ 113, 129Magaldi, Massimo \ Engineering IT, Italy....................................................................................... 2005Mah, Manuel W. \ University of Calgary, Canada ......................................................................... 1234Malone, Linda C. \ University of Central Florida, USA ................................................................. 1969Manca, Stefania \ Institute for Educational Technology, National Research Council, Italy............... 38Markless, Sharon \ Kings College, London, UK .............................................................................. 137Martinez, Margaret \ The Training Place, Inc, USA ........................................................................ 980Massey, Noel \ Motorola, USA ........................................................................................................... 950Mattia, Angela \ Virginia Commonwealth University, USA .............................................................. 550McCarty, Steve \ Osaka Jogakuin College, Japan .......................................................................... 1259McGinley, Ryan \ University of Ulster, UK ....................................................................................... 156McLoughlin, Catherine \ Australian Catholic University, Australia ............................................... 417Menemenis, Fotis \ Informatics & Telematics Institute, Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece .................. 2069Merchant, Guy \ Sheffield Hallam University, UK.......................................................................... 2239Mesnage, Cdric \ University of Lugano, Switzerland .................................................................... 2280Metcalf, Crysta \ Motorola, USA ...................................................................................................... 950Mnguez, Almudena Moreno \ Universidad de Valladolid, Spain ................................................. 2226Mock, Kenrick \ University of Alaska Anchorage, USA ................................................................. 1764Mok, Jeffrey \ Miyazaki International College, Japan.................................................................... 1838Molcho, Gila \ Israel Institute of Technology, Israel ....................................................................... 1155Mller, Knud \ National University of Ireland, Ireland .................................................................. 2280Molyneaux, Heather \ National Research Council, Canada ............................................................ 802Mrch, Anders I. \ University of Oslo, Norway ................................................................................ 512Mori, Maryann \ Evansville Vanderburgh Public Library, USA ....................................................... 210Mostefaoui, Ghita Kouadri \ Oxford University Computing Laboratory, UK ............................... 1754Mulvany, Julie \ Swinburne University of Technology, Australia ..................................................... 829Musia, Katarzyna \ Wrocaw University of Technology, Poland ................................................... 1957Mussetta, Marco \ Politecnico di Milano & Politecnico di Torino, Italy ....................................... 2263Mustaro, Pollyana Notargiacomo \ Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Brasil ...................... 637Na, Jin-Cheon \ Nanyang Technological University, Singapore ..................................................... 1778Natale, Leandro Pupo \ Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Brasil .......................................... 637Nathan, Mukesh \ University of Minnesota, USA ............................................................................. 732

Nijholt, Anton \ University of Twente, The Netherlands ................................................................. 1454Novak, Ashley \ Motorola, USA ......................................................................................................... 950ODonnell, Susan \ National Research Council, Canada ................................................................. 802OKane, Paul \ University of Ulster, UK ........................................................................................... 156ONeill, Eamonn \ University of Bath, UK ........................................................................................ 911Okada, Alexandra \ The Open University, UK ................................................................................. 864Oleson, Rex \ University of Central Florida, USA .......................................................................... 1969Oliverio, James \ Digital Worlds Institute, University of Florida, USA .......................................... 1362Oriogun, Peter \ American University of Nigeria, Nigeria ............................................................... 472Papadopoulos, Symeon \ Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece Informatics

& Telematics Institute, Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece ................................................................... 2069Paraskakis, Iraklis \ South East European Research Centre, Greece

& Research Centre of the University of Sheffield and CITY College, Greece ..................... 1045, 1661Pascoe, Celina \ Department of Defence, Australia ............................................................................. 64Pata, Kai \ Center of Educational Technology, Tallinn University, Estonia ...................................... 403Pelliccione, Lina \ Curtin University of Technology, Australia ......................................................... 829Pellon, Michael \ Trinity University, USA ........................................................................................ 2113Perego, Andrea \ Universit degli Studi dellInsubria, Italy ........................................................... 1706Petrucco, Corrado \ University of Padua, Italy ................................................................................ 841Phillips, Niki \ Hellenic Open University, Greece, & Bank of Cyprus, Greece ............................... 1470Picherit-Duthler, Gaelle \ Zayed University, UAE .......................................................................... 1626Pierno, Stefania \ Engineering IT, Italy ........................................................................................... 2005Pocknee, Catherine \ Swinburne University of Technology, Australia ............................................. 829Polaine, Andy \ The University of New South Wales, Australia ...................................................... 1083Potts, Liza \ Old Dominion University, USA ................................................................................... 1197Psychogios, Alexandros G. \ CITY College, affiliated Institution of the University of Sheffield,

Greece ............................................................................................................................................ 1661Quigley, Aaron \ University College Dublin, Ireland ...................................................................... 2164Ragusa, Angela T. \ Charles Sturt University, Australia ................................................................. 1498Ranieri, Maria \ University of Florence, Italy ................................................................................ 1697Ravenscroft, Andrew \ London Metropolitan University, UK .......................................................... 472Razikin, Khasfariyati \ Nanyang Technological University, Singapore ......................................... 1778Reif, Gerald \ University of Lugano, Switzerland ........................................................................... 2280Revilla, Elena \ Instituto de Empresa, Spain ....................................................................................... 55Robelia, Beth \ University of Minnesota, USA .................................................................................. 188Roberts, Desiree M. \ Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA ............................................................... 1Robinson, James D. \ University of Dayton, USA ........................................................................... 1869Romano, Guy \ Motorola, USA ......................................................................................................... 950Romano, Luigi \ Engineering IT, Italy............................................................................................. 2005Romero, Margarida \ Universit de Toulouse, France & Universitat Autnoma de Barcelona,, Spain

2252Roush, Paula \ London South Bank University, UK ........................................................................ 1120Roy, Abhijit \ University of Scranton, USA ......................................................................................... 45Rubin, Andee \ TERC, USA ............................................................................................................. 2211Russo, Roberto \ Engineering IT, Italy ............................................................................................ 2005Ryan, Yoni \ Australian Catholic University, Australia ................................................................... 1030

Sagar, Musbah \ London Metropolitan University, UK ..................................................................... 472Sakaguchi, Toru \ Northern Kentucky University, USA .................................................................. 1555Salvadores, Manuel \ University of Southampton, UK ..................................................................... 936Snchez-Alarcos, Jos \ Quasar Aviation, Spain ................................................................................ 55Sangwan, Sunanda \ Nanyang Technological University, Singapore ............................................. 2198Sauermann, Leo \ German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence

(DFKI) GmbH, Germany ............................................................................................................... 2280Schermerhorn, Paul \ Indiana University, USA .............................................................................. 2150Scheutz, Matthias \ Indiana University, USA .................................................................................. 2150Schimke, Diana \ University of Regensburg, Germany ..................................................................... 783Schouteten, Roel \ Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands ................................................ 693Scott, Peter \ The Open University, UK ............................................................................................. 864Sfakianakis, Stelios \ ICS-FORTH, Greece ....................................................................................... 350Shannon, Ross \ University College Dublin, Ireland ...................................................................... 2164Sharrock, Wes \ University of Manchester, UK ............................................................................... 2317Shi, Lian \ Fundacin CTIC, Spain.................................................................................................... 335Shum, Simon Buckingham \ The Open University, UK ................................................................... 864Sigala, Marianna \ University of the Aegean, Greece ..................................................................... 1280Siguaw, Judy A. \ Cornell-Nanyang Institute, Singapore ................................................................ 2198Silveira, Ismar Frango \ Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Brasil ........................................ 637Simonov, Mikhail \ Politecnico di Milano & ISMB, Italy ............................................................... 2263Sintek, Michael \ German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) GmbH,

Kaiserslautern, Germany ............................................................................................................... 2280Smedlund, Anssi \ Helsinki University of Technology, Finland & Tokyo Institute

of Technology, Japan ..................................................................................................................... 1947Sordia-Salinas, Martha \ Tecnolgico de Monterrey, Mexico .......................................................... 855Soulier, Eddie \ Universit de Technologie de Troyes, France .......................................................... 652Soysal, Levent \ Kadir Has University, Turkey ................................................................................ 2057Sprague, Robert D. \ University of Wyoming, USA ........................................................................ 2045Staples, D. Sandy \ Queens University, Canada................................................................................ 248Streatfield, David \ Information Management Associates, UK ......................................................... 137Stoeger, Heidrun \ University of Regensburg, Germany ................................................................... 783Supino, Gian Luca \ Engineering IT, Italy ...................................................................................... 2005Terveen, Loren \ University of Minnesota, USA ............................................................................... 732Theng, Yin-Leng \ Nanyang Technological University, Singapore ................................................. 1778Tomadaki, Eleftheria \ The Open University, UK ............................................................................ 864Tullio, Joe \ Motorola, USA ............................................................................................................... 950Tzikopoulos, Argiris \ Agricultural University of Athens, Greece .................................................. 1470Uden, Lorna \ Staffordshire University, UK .................................................................................... 1378Vakali, Athena \ Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece ........................................................ 2069van der Veer, Gerrit \ Open University, The Netherlands ............................................................... 1454van der Vet, Paul \ University of Twente, The Netherlands ............................................................. 1454van Dijk, Betsy \ University of Twente, The Netherlands ................................................................ 1454van Elst, Ludger \ German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) GmbH,

Kaiserslautern, Germany ............................................................................................................... 2280Vartiainen, Elina \ Nokia Research Center, Finland ......................................................................... 920

Vasconcelos, Ana C. \ The University of Sheffield Regent Court, UK ............................................. 1661Vat, Kam Hou \ Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau ....................... 1882Wandel, Tamara L. \ University of Evansville, USA ....................................................................... 1211Wang, Shun-Yung Kevin \ Florida State University, USA ............................................................. 1740Warne, Leoni \ Department of Defence, Australia .............................................................................. 64Waters, Richard D. \ North Carolina State University, USA .......................................................... 1420Watson, Scott \ University of Hertfordshire, UK ............................................................................... 602Wautelet, Yves \ Universit Catholique de Louvain, Belgium ........................................................... 490Wei, Peter \ FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Germany .................................... 1389Weistroffer, Heinz Roland \ Virginia Commonwealth University, USA ........................................... 550Wright, Judson \ Pump Orgin Computer Artist, USA ....................................................................... 369Yang, Harrison Hao \ State University of New York at Oswego, USA ............................................ 1096Yuen, Steve Chi-Yin \ The University of Southern Mississippi, USA ............................................. 1096Yusof, Shafiz Affendi Mohd \ Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia ............................................. 1445Zaparyniuk, Nicholas E. \ Simon Fraser University, Canada .............................................. 1346, 1906Zhang, Yu \ Trinity University, USA ................................................................................................ 2113Zhang, Zuopeng (Justin) \ State University of New York at Plattsburgh, USA .............................. 1246Zheng, Robert Z. \ University of Utah, USA ................................................................................... 1587Zich, Riccardo \ Politecnico di Milano, Italy .................................................................................. 2263Ziegler, Albert \ Ulm University,, Germany ...................................................................................... 783Ziv, Nina D. \ New York University, USA ........................................................................................... 267Zoll, Carsten \ Otto-Friedrich-Universitaet Bamberg, Germany ...................................................... 602Zucchi, Wagner Luiz \ Universidade de So Paulo, Brasil .............................................................. 637

Contents

Volume 1

Section I. Fundamental Concepts and Theories

This section serves as the foundation for this exhaustive reference source by addressing crucial theo-ries essential to the understanding of social computing. Chapters found within this section provide a framework in which to position social computing within the field of information science and technology. Individual contributions provide overviews of computer-mediated communication, social networking, and social software. Within this introductory section, the reader can learn and choose from a compen-dium of expert research on the elemental theories underscoring the research and application of social computing.

Chapter 1.1. Social Influence and Human Interaction with Technology ................................................ 1Robert S Friedman, New Jersey Institute of Technology, USADesiree M. Roberts, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USAJonathan D. Linton, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA

Chapter 1.2. Social and Human Elements of Information Security: A Case Study .............................. 21Mahil Carr, Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology, India

Chapter 1.3. Computer-Mediated Communication Learning Environments: The Social Dimension .. 38Stefania Manca, Institute for Educational Technology, National Research Council, Italy

Chapter 1.4. Online Communities and Social Networking ................................................................... 45Abhijit Roy, University of Scranton, USA

Chapter 1.5. IT and the Social Construction of Knowledge ................................................................. 55Elena Revilla, Instituto de Empresa, SpainJos Snchez-Alarcos, Quasar Aviation, Spain

Chapter 1.6. Social Learning Aspects of Knowledge Management ..................................................... 64Irena Ali, Department of Defence, AustraliaLeoni Warne, Department of Defence, AustraliaCelina Pascoe, Department of Defence, Australia

Chapter 1.7. Agents and Social Interaction: Insights from Social Psychology .................................... 74Joseph C. Bullington, Georgia Southern University, USA

Chapter 1.8. Cyber-Identities and Social Life in Cyberspace ............................................................... 92Eleni Berki, University of Tampere, FinlandMikko Jkl, University of Jyvskyl, Finland

Chapter 1.9. Establishing the Credibility of Social Web Applications ............................................... 105Pankaj Kamthan, Concordia University, Canada

Chapter 1.10. The Evolution and Influence of Social Presence Theory on Online Learning ............. 113Patrick R. Lowenthal, University of Colorado, Denver, USA

Chapter 1.11. Social Presence ............................................................................................................. 129Patrick R. Lowenthal, Regis University, USA

Chapter 1.12. Reconceptualising Information Literacy for the Web 2.0 Environment?..................... 137Sharon Markless, Kings College, London, UKDavid Streatfield, Information Management Associates, UK

Chapter 1.13. Social Networking ........................................................................................................ 156Kevin Curran, University of Ulster, UKPaul OKane, University of Ulster, UKRyan McGinley, University of Ulster, UKOwen Kelly, University of Ulster, UK

Chapter 1.14. Social Networks in Information Systems: Tools and Services ..................................... 169Hernni Borges de Freitas, IST/INESC-ID, PortugalAlexandre Baro, IST/INESC-ID, PortugalAlberto Rodrigues da Silva, IST/INESC-ID, Portugal

Chapter 1.15. Educational and Social Benefits of Social Network Sites: Applications to Human Services Education and Practice ........................................................................................ 188

Christine Greenhow, University of Minnesota, USABeth Robelia, University of Minnesota, USA

Chapter 1.16. Teens and Social Networking Services: An Overview ................................................. 210Maryann Mori, Evansville Vanderburgh Public Library, USA

Chapter 1.17. Social Networking and Personal Learning Environment ............................................. 238Antonio Fini, University of Florence, Italy

Chapter 1.18. Web 2.0 Social Networking Sites ................................................................................. 248D. Sandy Staples, Queens University, Canada

Chapter 1.19. Mobile Social Networks: A New Locus of Innovation ................................................ 267Nina D. Ziv, New York University, USA

Chapter 1.20. Mobile Social Networks and Services ......................................................................... 283Lee Humphreys, Cornell University, USA

Chapter 1.21. Mobile Social Web: Opportunities and Drawbacks ..................................................... 294Thorsten Caus, Georg August University of Gttingen, GermanyStefan Christmann, Georg August University of Gttingen, GermanySvenja Hagenhoff, Georg August University of Gttingen, Germany

Chapter 1.22. Social Software (and Web 2.0) ..................................................................................... 305Jrgen Dorn, Vienna University of Technology, Austria

Chapter 1.23. Self-Organization in Social Software for Learning ...................................................... 312Jon Dron, Athabasca University, Canada

Chapter 1.24. Living, Working, Teaching and Learning by Social Software ..................................... 321Helen Keegan, University of Salford, UKBernard Lisewski, University of Salford, UK

Chapter 1.25. Mailing Lists and Social Semantic Web ....................................................................... 335Sergio Fernndez, Fundacin CTIC, SpainDiego Berrueta, Fundacin CTIC, SpainLian Shi, Fundacin CTIC, SpainJose E. Labra, University of Oviedo, SpainPatricia Ordez de Pablos, University of Oviedo, Spain

Chapter 1.26. Social Semantic Web and Semantic Web Services ...................................................... 350Stelios Sfakianakis, ICS-FORTH, Greece

Chapter 1.27. Technological Social-ism ............................................................................................. 369Judson Wright, Pump Orgin Computer Artist, USA

Section II. Development and Design Methodologies

This section provides in-depth coverage of conceptual architectures, frameworks and methodologies related to the design of social computing tools and technologies. Throughout these contributions, fun-damental development methodologies are presented and discussed. From broad examinations to spe-cific discussions of particular frameworks and infrastructures, the research found within this section spans the discipline while also offering detailed, specific discussions. Basic designs, as well as abstract developments, are explained within these chapters, and frameworks for designing successful e-learning environments, social search engines, and social software are examined.

Chapter 2.1. Distributed Learning Environments and Social Software: In Search for a Framework of Design ................................................................................................. 403

Sebastian Fiedler, Zentrum fr Sozial Innovation Centre for Social Innovation, AustriaKai Pata, Center of Educational Technology, Tallinn University, Estonia

Chapter 2.2. Pedagogical Responses to Social Software in Universities ........................................... 417Catherine McLoughlin, Australian Catholic University, AustraliaMark J. W. Lee, Charles Sturt University, Australia

Chapter 2.3. Electronic Classroom, Electronic Community: Designing eLearning Environments to Foster Virtual Social Networks and Student Learning ............................................ 439

Lisa Harris, RMIT University, Australia

Chapter 2.4. A Methodology for Integrating the Social Web Environment in Software Engineering Education .................................................................................................... 457

Pankaj Kamthan, Concordia University, Canada

Chapter 2.5. Ambient Pedagogies, Meaningful Learning and Social Software .................................. 472Andrew Ravenscroft, London Metropolitan University, UKMusbah Sagar, London Metropolitan University, UKEnzian Baur, London Metropolitan University, UKPeter Oriogun, American University of Nigeria, Nigeria

Chapter 2.6. A Social Framework for Software Architectural Design ................................................ 490Manuel Kolp, Universit Catholique de Louvain, BelgiumYves Wautelet, Universit Catholique de Louvain, Belgium

Chapter 2.7. From Pragmatism to Interaction Design: A Sociotechnical Design Space .................... 512Anders I. Mrch, University of Oslo, Norway

Chapter 2.8. The Social Experience Factory and the Fabrics of Collaboration in Virtual Communities of Practice ..................................................................................................... 527

Demosthenes Akoumianakis, Technological Education Institution of Crete, Greece

Chapter 2.9. Information Systems Development: Understanding User Participation as a Social Network ............................................................................................................................ 550

Angela Mattia, Virginia Commonwealth University, USAHeinz Roland Weistroffer, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA

Chapter 2.10. A Framework for Integrating the Social Web Environment in Pattern Engineering .... 560Pankaj Kamthan, Concordia University, Canada

Volume II

Chapter 2.11. A Framework Describing the Relationships among Social Technologies and Social Capital Formation in Electronic Entrepreneurial Networking .......................................... 587

Kelly Burke, University of Hawaii at Hilo, USAJerry M. Calton, University of Hawaii at Hilo, USA

Chapter 2.12. Towards Learning Self and Emotional Knowledge in Social and Cultural Human-Agent Interactions .................................................................................................................. 602

Wan Ching Ho, University of Hertfordshire, UKSibylle Enz, Otto-Friedrich-Universitaet Bamberg, GermanyKerstin Dautenhahn, University of Hertfordshire, UKCarsten Zoll, Otto-Friedrich-Universitaet Bamberg, GermanyMeiyii Lim, Heriot-Watt University, UKScott Watson, University of Hertfordshire, UK

Chapter 2.13. Social Navigation and Local Folksonomies: Technical and Design Considerations for a Mobile Information System ............................................................ 622

Mark Bilandzic, Technische Universitt Mnchen, GermanyMarcus Foth, Queensland University of Technology, Australia

Chapter 2.14. Social Networks Applied to E-Gov: An Architecture for Semantic Services .............. 637Leandro Pupo Natale, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, BrasilIsmar Frango Silveira, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, BrasilWagner Luiz Zucchi, Universidade de So Paulo, BrasilPollyana Notargiacomo Mustaro, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Brasil

Chapter 2.15. DemonD: A Social Search Engine Built Upon the Actor-Network Theory ................. 652Charles Delalonde, EDF R&D, FranceEddie Soulier, Universit de Technologie de Troyes, France

Chapter 2.16. RapidOWL: A Methodology for Enabling Social Semantic Collaboration ................. 669Sren Auer, University of Pennsylvania, USA & Institut fr Informatik, Universitt Leipzig,

Germany

Section III. Tools and Technologies

This section presents extensive coverage of the tools and specific technologies that change the way we interact with and respond to our environments. These chapters contain in-depth analyses of the use and development of innumerable devices and also provide insight into new and upcoming technologies, theories, and instruments that will soon be commonplace. Within these rigorously researched chapters, readers are presented with examples of specific tools, such as social television, wikis, mobile photo gal-leries, and personal digital libraries. In addition, the successful implementation and resulting impact of these various tools and technologies are discussed within this collection of chapters.

Chapter 3.1. A Modern Socio-Technical View on ERP-Systems ....................................................... 693Jos Benders, Tilburg University, The Netherlands, & Radboud University Nijmegen,

The NetherlandsRonald Batenburg, Utrecht University, The NetherlandsPaul Hoeken, Radboud University Nijmegen, The NetherlandsRoel Schouteten, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands

Chapter 3.2. Social Shaping of Technologies for Community Development: Redeployment of Information Communication Technologies among the Kelabit in Bario of the Kelabit Highlands ..................................................................................................................... 705

Poline Bala, University Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia

Chapter 3.3. In Search of Social Television ........................................................................................ 719Gunnar Harboe, Motorola, USA

Chapter 3.4. Asynchronous Communication: Fostering Social Interaction with CollaboraTV.......... 732Brian Amento, AT&T Labs Research, USAChris Harrison, Carnegie Melon University, USAMukesh Nathan, University of Minnesota, USALoren Terveen, University of Minnesota, USA

Chapter 3.5. Examining the Roles of Mobility in Social TV .............................................................. 752Konstantinos Chorianopoulos, Ionian University, Greece

Chapter 3.6. From 2BeOn Results to New Media Challenges for Social (i)TV ................................. 762Jorge Ferraz Abreu, University of Aveiro, PortugalPedro Almeida, University of Aveiro, Portugal

Chapter 3.7. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Social Visualization Within Virtual Communities ...... 783Diana Schimke, University of Regensburg, GermanyHeidrun Stoeger, University of Regensburg, GermanyAlbert Ziegler, Ulm University,, Germany

Chapter 3.8. A Framework for Analyzing Social Interaction Using Broadband Visual Communication Technologies ................................................................................................. 802

Susan ODonnell, National Research Council, CanadaHeather Molyneaux, National Research Council, CanadaKerri Gibson, National Research Council, Canada

Chapter 3.9. The Hybrid Course: Facilitating Learning through Social Interaction Technologies .... 816Lorraine D. Jackson, California Polytechnic State University, USAJoe Grimes, California Polytechnic State University, USA

Chapter 3.10. The Use of Social Interaction Technologies in E-Portfolios ........................................ 829Lina Pelliccione, Curtin University of Technology, AustraliaCatherine Pocknee, Swinburne University of Technology, AustraliaJulie Mulvany, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia

Chapter 3.11. EduOntoWiki Project for Supporting Social, Educational, and Knowledge Construction Processes with Semantic Web Paradigm ............................................. 841

Corrado Petrucco, University of Padua, Italy

Chapter 3.12. Course Management Meets Social Networking in Moodle ......................................... 849Matt Crosslin, University of Texas at Arlingtons Center for Distance Education, USA

Chapter 3.13. Personal Digital Libraries ............................................................................................. 855Juan C. Lavariega, Tecnolgico de Monterrey, MexicoLorena G. Gomez, Tecnolgico de Monterrey, MexicoMartha Sordia-Salinas, Tecnolgico de Monterrey, MexicoDavid A. Garza-Salazar, Tecnolgico de Monterrey, Mexico

Chapter 3.14. Knowledge Media Tools to Foster Social Learning ..................................................... 864Alexandra Okada, The Open University, UKSimon Buckingham Shum, The Open University, UKMichelle Bachler, The Open University, UKEleftheria Tomadaki, The Open University, UKPeter Scott, The Open University, UKAlex Little, The Open University, UKMarc Eisenstadt, The Open University, UK

Chapter 3.15. Using Notification Systems to Create Social Places for Online Learning ................... 885James M. Laffey, University of Missouri-Columbia, USAChristopher J. Amelung, Yale University, USA

Chapter 3.16. Social Aspects of Mobile Technologies on Web Tourism Trend .................................. 896Fernando Ferri, IRPPS-CNR, Rome, ItalyPatrizia Grifoni, IRPPS-CNR, Rome, ItalyTiziana Guzzo, IRPPS-CNR, Rome, Italy

Chapter 3.17. Cityware: Urban Computing to Bridge Online and Real-World Social Networks ...... 911Vassilis Kostakos, University of Bath, UKEamonn ONeill, University of Bath, UK

Chapter 3.18. Improving the User Experience of a Mobile Photo Gallery by Supporting Social Interaction ................................................................................................................................ 920

Elina Vartiainen, Nokia Research Center, Finland

Chapter 3.19. Social Support for Ontological Mediation and Data Integration ................................. 936Gianluca Correndo, University of Southampton, UKHarith Alani, University of Southampton, UKManuel Salvadores, University of Southampton, UK

Chapter 3.20. Getting to Know Social Television: One Teams Discoveries from Library to Living Room ................................................................................................................................... 950

Gunnar Harboe, Motorola, USAElaine Huang, Motorola, USANoel Massey, Motorola, USACrysta Metcalf, Motorola, USAAshley Novak, Motorola, USAGuy Romano, Motorola, USAJoe Tullio, Motorola, USA

Section IV. Utilization and Application

This section introduces and discusses the utilization and application of social computing technologies. These particular selections highlight, among other topics, the many applications of social networking technology, social software, and social marketing strategies. Contributions included in this section provide coverage of the ways in which technology increasingly becomes part of our daily lives as it enables the creation of new forms of interaction among individuals and across organizations.

Chapter 4.1. Social Networking, Adult Learning Success and Moodle .............................................. 980Margaret Martinez, The Training Place, Inc, USASheila Jagannathan, World Bank Institute in Washington DC, USA

Chapter 4.2. Use of Social Software in Education: A Multiple Intelligences Perspective ................. 993Filiz Kalelioglu, Baskent University, TurkeyYasemin Gulbahar, Baskent University, Turkey

Chapter 4.3. Using the Social Web for Collaborations in Software Engineering Education ............ 1012Pankaj Kamthan, Concordia University, Canada

Chapter 4.4. Exploring the Role of Social Software in Higher Education ....................................... 1030Yoni Ryan, Australian Catholic University, AustraliaRobert Fitzgerald, University of Canberra, Australia

Chapter 4.5. Using Social Software for Teaching and Learning in Higher Education ..................... 1045Petros Lameras, South East European Research Centre, Research Centre

of the University of Sheffield and CITY College, GreeceIraklis Paraskakis, South East European Research Centre, Greece & Research Centre

of the University of Sheffield and CITY College, GreecePhilipa Levy, University of Sheffield, UK

Chapter 4.6. Social Networking Sites and Critical Language Learning ........................................... 1061Andy Halvorsen, Nagoya University of Commerce & Business, Japan

Chapter 4.7. Creative Waves: Exploring Emerging Online Cultures, Social Networking and Creative Collaboration through e-Learning to Offer Visual Campaigns for Local Kenyan Health Needs ........................................................................................................ 1083

Andy Polaine, The University of New South Wales, AustraliaRick Bennett, The University of New South Wales, Australia

Chapter 4.8. Using Social Networking to Enhance Sense of Community in E-Learning Courses .. 1096Steve Chi-Yin Yuen, The University of Southern Mississippi, USAHarrison Hao Yang, State University of New York at Oswego, USA

Chapter 4.9. Publishing with Friends: Exploring Social Networks to Support Photo Publishing Practices ................................................................................................................ 1120

Paula Roush, London South Bank University, UKRuth Brown, London South Bank University, UK

Chapter 4.10. Technosocial Space: Connecting People and Places .................................................. 1139Anne Sofie Laegran, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway,

& Research Centre for Social Sciences, Edinburgh, UK

Chapter 4.11. Social/Human Dimensions of Web Services: Communication Errors and Cultural Aspects. The Case of VRL-KCiP NoE ......................................................................... 1155

Anca Draghici, Politehnica University of Timisoara, RomaniaDiana Barglazan, Politehnica University of Timisoara, RomaniaMyriam Lewkowicz, Universit de Technologie de Troyes, FranceGila Molcho, Israel Institute of Technology, Israel

Volume III

Chapter 4.12. Social Software Use in Public Libraries .................................................................... 1174June Abbas, University of Oklahoma, USA

Chapter 4.13. Social Computing: Implications for E-Government .................................................. 1185Rhoda C Joseph, The Pennsylvania State University Harrisburg, USAJose Esteves, Instituto de Empresa Business School, Spain

Chapter 4.14. Designing for Disaster: Social Software Use in Times of Crisis ............................... 1197Liza Potts, Old Dominion University, USA

Chapter 4.15. Student Use of Social Media: University Policy and Response ................................. 1211Tamara L. Wandel, University of Evansville, USA

Chapter 4.16. Social Marketing in Healthcare .................................................................................. 1234Manuel W. Mah, University of Calgary, Canada

Chapter 4.17. Social Software for Customer Knowledge Management ........................................... 1246Zuopeng (Justin) Zhang, State University of New York at Plattsburgh, USA

Chapter 4.18. Social Networking Behind Student Lines in Japan .................................................... 1259Steve McCarty, Osaka Jogakuin College, Japan

Chapter 4.19. WEB 2 0, Social Marketing Strategies and Distribution Channels for City Destinations: Enhancing the Participatory Role of Travelers and Exploiting their Collective Intelligence ..................................................................................... 1280

Marianna Sigala, University of the Aegean, Greece

Chapter 4.20. Marketing for Children Using Social Interaction Technologies ................................ 1305Ruth E. Brown, The University of Nebraska - Lincoln, USA

Section V. Organizational and Social Implications

This section includes a wide range of research pertaining to the individual and organizational impact of social computing tools and technologies. Chapters included in this section analyze the usability of social software, the creation of social relationships in virtual communities, and social networking in educational settings. The inquiries and methods presented in this section offer insight into the implica-tions of ubiquitous and pervasive computing at both an individual and organizational level, while also emphasizing potential areas of study within the discipline.

Chapter 5.1. Managing Organizational Knowledge in the Age of Social Computing ...................... 1317V. P. Kochikar, Infosys Technologies Ltd., India

Chapter 5.2. Social Software for Bottom-Up Knowledge Networking and Community Building .................................................................................................................. 1325

Mohamed Amine Chatti, RWTH Aachen University, GermanyMatthias Jarke, RWTH Aachen University, Germany

Chapter 5.3. The Essence of Organizational Knowledge: A Social Epistemology Perspective ....... 1336Fei Gao, East China University of Science and Technology Business School, China

Chapter 5.4. Social Identities, Group Formation, and the Analysis of Online Communities ........... 1346Jillianne R. Code, Simon Fraser University, CanadaNicholas E. Zaparyniuk, Simon Fraser University, Canada

Chapter 5.5. Enhanced Interaction in Mixed Social Environments .................................................. 1362James Oliverio, Digital Worlds Institute, University of Florida, USADennis Beck, Digital Worlds Institute, University of Florida, USA

Chapter 5.6. The Usability of Social Software ................................................................................. 1378Lorna Uden, Staffordshire University, UKAlan Eardley, Staffordshire University, UK

Chapter 5.7. Social Impact of Collaborative Services to Maintain Electronic Business Relationships...................................................................................................................... 1389

Stefan Klink, Universitt Karlsruhe (TH) Research University, GermanyPeter Wei, FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Germany

Chapter 5.8. The Use of Social Media by Nonprofit Organizations; An Examination from the Diffusion of Innovations Perspective ................................................................................. 1420

Richard D. Waters, North Carolina State University, USA

Chapter 5.9. Situating Social Identity through Language Convergence in Online Groups .............. 1433Scott L. Crabill, Oakland University, USA

Chapter 5.10. Building Social Relationships in a Virtual Community of Gamers ........................... 1445Shafiz Affendi Mohd Yusof, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia

Chapter 5.11. Situational Awareness in Collaborative Work Environments ..................................... 1454Olga Kulyk, University of Twente, The NetherlandsBetsy van Dijk, University of Twente, The NetherlandsPaul van der Vet, University of Twente, The NetherlandsAnton Nijholt, University of Twente, The NetherlandsGerrit van der Veer, Open University, The Netherlands

Chapter 5.12. Developing Social Skills through an On-Line Learning Environment: A Qualitative Study ........................................................................................................................... 1470

Niki Phillips, Hellenic Open University, Greece and Bank of Cyprus, GreeceMarianthi Karatza, Bank of Cyprus, GreeceArgiris Tzikopoulos, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece

Chapter 5.13. Social Networking and Schools: Early Responses and Implications for Practice ..... 1489Chris Abbott, Reader in e-Inclusion, Kings College London, UKWilliam Alder, Sixth Form Student, Trinity School, UK

Chapter 5.14. Peer Learning and Social Interactions in an Asynchronous Learning Environment ...................................................................................................................... 1498

Angela T. Ragusa, Charles Sturt University, Australia

Chapter 5.15. Harnessing Web 2.0 for Context-Aware Learning: The Impact of Social Tagging System on Knowledge Adaption ......................................................................... 1511

Wai-Tat Fu, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USAThomas Kannampallil, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA

Chapter 5.16. Entering the Virtual Teachers Lounge: Social Connectedness among Professional Educators in Virtual Environments .................................................................. 1527

Randall Dunn, Liberty University, USA

Chapter 5.17. Trust Modeling in a Virtual Organization Using Social Network Metrics ................. 1544Grzegorz Koaczek, Wrocaw University of Technology, Poland

Chapter 5.18. Trust in Social Networking: Definitions from a Global, Cultural Viewpoint ............ 1555Max Kennedy, University of Kentucky, USAToru Sakaguchi, Northern Kentucky University, USA

Chapter 5.19. Individual Differences in Social Networking Site Adoption...................................... 1569Harsha Gangadharbatla, University of Oregon, USA

Chapter 5.20. The Impact of Individual Differences on Social Communication Pattern in Online Learning ................................................................................................................ 1587

Robert Z. Zheng, University of Utah, USAJill A. Flygare, University of Utah, USALaura B. Dahl, University of Utah, USARichard R. Hoffman, University of Utah, USA

Section VI. Managerial Impact

This section presents contemporary coverage of the managerial implications of social computing. Par-ticular contributions address the importance of guarding corporate data from social engineering at-tacks and explore a professional social network system. The managerial research provided in this sec-tion allows executives, practitioners, and researchers to gain a better sense of how social computing can impact and inform practices and behavior.

Chapter 6.1. Exploring a Professional Social Network System to Support Learning in the Workplace ............................................................................................................................... 1610

Anthony Skip Basiel, Middlesex University IWBL, UKPaul Coyne, Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, UK

Chapter 6.2. Managing Relationships in Virtual Team Socialization ............................................... 1626Shawn D. Long, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, USAGaelle Picherit-Duthler, Zayed University, UAEKirk W. Duthler, Petroleum Institute, UAE

Chapter 6.3. Guarding Corporate Data from Social Engineering Attacks ........................................ 1636Christopher M. Botelho, Baylor Health, USAJoseph A. Cazier, Appalachian State University, USA

Chapter 6.4. Social Interaction Technologies; A Case Study of Guanxi and Women Managers Careers in Information Technology in China .............................................. 1648

Jiehua Huang, Guangzhou University, China and Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland

Iiris Aaltio, University of Jyvskyl, Finland

Chapter 6.5. The Potential of Enterprise Social Software in Integrating Exploitative and Explorative Knowledge Strategies ............................................................................................. 1661

Dimitris Bibikas, South East European Research Centre, Greece & Research Centre of the University of Sheffield and CITY College, Greece

Iraklis Paraskakis, South East European Research Center, Greece & Research Centre of the University of Sheffield and CITY College, Greece

Alexandros G. Psychogios, CITY College, affiliated Institution of the University of Sheffield, Greece

Ana C. Vasconcelos, The University of Sheffield Regent Court, UK

Chapter 6.6. Interrelationships Between Professional Virtual Communities and Social Networks, and the Importance of Virtual Communities in Creating and Sharing Knowledge ................................. 1674

Fernando Garrigos, Universitat Jaume I, Spain

Section VII. Critical Issues

This section addresses conceptual and theoretical issues related to the field of social computing. Within these chapters, the reader is presented with analysis of the most current and relevant conceptual in-quires within this growing field of study. Particular chapters discuss ethical issues in social networking, security concerns that arise when individuals share personal data in social networks, and reducing social engineering impact. Overall, contributions within this section ask unique, often theoretical ques-tions related to the study of social computing and, more often than not, conclude that solutions are both numerous and contradictory.

Chapter 7.1. Cyberspaces Ethical and Social Challenges in Knowledge Society ........................... 1697Maria Ranieri, University of Florence, Italy

Chapter 7.2. Security and Privacy in Social Networks ..................................................................... 1706Barbara Carminati, Universit degli Studi dellInsubria, ItalyElena Ferrari, Universit degli Studi dellInsubria, ItalyAndrea Perego, Universit degli Studi dellInsubria, Italy

Chapter 7.3. Social and Legal Dimensions of Online Pornography ................................................. 1718Yasmin Ibrahim, University of Brighton, UK

Chapter 7.4. Social Networking Site: Opportunities and Security Challenges ................................. 1726Tom S. Chan, Southern New Hampshire University, USA

Chapter 7.5. Emerging Cybercrime Variants in the Socio-Technical Space ..................................... 1740Wilson Huang, Valdosta State University, USAShun-Yung Kevin Wang, Florida State University, USA

Chapter 7.6. A New Approach to Reducing Social Engineering Impact .......................................... 1754Ghita Kouadri Mostefaoui, Oxford University Computing Laboratory, UKPatrick Brzillon, LIP6, Paris 6, France

Volume IV

Chapter 7.7. Effects of Digital Convergence on Social Engineering Attack Channels .................... 1764Bogdan Hoanca, University of Alaska Anchorage, USAKenrick Mock, University of Alaska Anchorage, USA

Chapter 7.8. On the Effectiveness of Social Tagging for Resource Discovery ................................ 1778Dion Hoe-Lian Goh, Nanyang Technological University, SingaporeKhasfariyati Razikin, Nanyang Technological University, SingaporeAlton Y. K. Chua, Nanyang Technological University, SingaporeChei Sian Lee, Nanyang Technological University, SingaporeSchubert Foo, Nanyang Technological University, SingaporeJin-Cheon Na, Nanyang Technological University, SingaporeYin-Leng Theng, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

Chapter 7.9. Representing and Sharing Tagging Data Using the Social Semantic Cloud of Tags .................................................................................................................................... 1788

Hak-Lae Kim, National University of Ireland, Galway, IrelandJohn G. Breslin, National University of Ireland, Galway, IrelandStefan Decker, National University of Ireland, Galway, IrelandHong-Gee Kim, Seoul National University, South Korea

Chapter 7.10. Anomaly Detection for Inferring Social Structure ..................................................... 1797Lisa Friedland, University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA

Chapter 7.11. Emerging Online Democracy: The Dynamics of Formal and Informal Control in Digitally Mediated Social Structures ............................................................................................ 1804

Todd Kelshaw, Montclair State University, USAChristine A. Lemesianou, Montclair State University, USA

Chapter 7.12. Agent Cognitive Capabilities and Orders of Social Emergence................................. 1817Christopher Goldspink, Incept Labs, AustraliaRobert Kay, Incept Labs Australia, & University of Technology, Sydney, Australia

Chapter 7.13. Social and Distributed Cognition in Collaborative Learning Contexts ...................... 1838Jeffrey Mok, Miyazaki International College, Japan

Chapter 7.14. Social Networking Sites (SNS) and the Narcissistic Turn: The Politics of Self-Exposure ........................................................................................................... 1855

Yasmin Ibrahim, University of Brighton, UK

Chapter 7.15. Audience Replies to Character Blogs as Parasocial Relationships .................................1869James D. Robinson, University of Dayton, USARobert R. Agne, Auburn University, USA

Chapter 7.16. The Generative Potential of Appreciative Inquiry as an Essential Social Dimension of the Semantic Web ..................................................................................................1882

Kam Hou Vat, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau

Chapter 7.17. The Emergence of Agency in Online Social Networks ...................................................1906Jillianne R. Code, Simon Fraser University, CanadaNicholas E. Zaparyniuk, Simon Fraser University, Canada

Chapter 7.18. Two Informational Complexity Measures in Social Networks and Agent Communities ..........................................................................................................................1923

Antnio Jorge Filipe Fonseca, ISCTE, Portugal

Chapter 7.19. Social Self-Regulation in Computer Mediated Communities: The Case of Wikipedia ............................................................................................................................1932

Christopher Goldspink, University of Surrey, UK

Chapter 7.20. Social Network Structures for Explicit, Tacit and Potential Knowledge ........................1947Anssi Smedlund, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland and Tokyo Institute

of Technology, Japan

Chapter 7.21. Motif Analysis and the Periodic Structural Changes in an Organizational Email-Based Social Network ....................................................................................1957

Krzysztof Juszczyszyn, Wrocaw University of Technology, PolandKatarzyna Musia, Wrocaw University of Technology, Poland

Chapter 7.22. Social Potential Models for Modeling Traffic and Transportation ..............................1969Rex Oleson, University of Central Florida, USAD J Kaup, University of Central Florida, USAThomas L Clarke, University of Central Florida, USALinda C Malone, University of Central Florida, USALadislau Boloni, University of Central Florida, USA

Chapter 7.23. Increasing Capital Revenue in Social Networking Communities: Building Social and Economic Relationships through Avatars and Characters ....................................1987

Jonathan Bishop, Glamorgan Blended Learning Ltd. & The GTi Suite & Valleys Innovation Centre & Navigation Park & Abercynon, UK

Chapter 7.24. Providing Mobile Multimodal Social Services Using a Grid Architecture ....................2005Stefania Pierno, Engineering IT, ItalyMassimo Magaldi, Engineering IT, ItalyGian Luca Supino, Engineering IT, ItalyLuca Bevilacqua, Engineering IT, ItalyVladimiro Scotto di Carlo, Engineering IT, ItalyRoberto Russo, Engineering IT, ItalyLuigi Romano, Engineering IT, Italy

Section VIII. Emerging Trends

This section highlights research potential within the field of social computing while exploring unchart-ed areas of study for the advancement of the discipline. Chapters within this section discuss social bookmarking, the emergence of virtual social networks, and new trends in educational social software. These contributions, which conclude this exhaustive, multi-volume set, provide emerging trends and suggestions for future research within this rapidly expanding discipline.

Chapter 8.1. Pedagogical Mashup: Gen Y, Social Media, and Learning in the Digital Age ............ 2023Derek E. Baird, Yahoo!, Inc., USAMercedes Fisher, Milwaukee Applied Technical College, USA

Chapter 8.2. Legal Issues Associated with Emerging Social Interaction Technologies ................... 2045Robert D. Sprague, University of Wyoming, USA

Chapter 8.3. Public Intimacy and the New Face (Book) of Surveillance: The Role of Social Media in Shaping Contemporary Dataveillance ................................................ 2057

Lemi Baruh, Kadir Has University, TurkeyLevent Soysal, Kadir Has University, Turkey

Chapter 8.4. Analysis of Content Popularity in Social Bookmarking Systems ................................ 2069Symeon Papadopoulos, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece Informatics & Telematics

Institute, Thermi, Thessaloniki, GreeceFotis Menemenis, Informatics & Telematics Institute, Thermi, Thessaloniki, GreeceAthena Vakali, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GreeceIoannis Kompatsiaris, Informatics & Telematics Institute, Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece

Chapter 8.5. Conceptualizing Codes of Conduct in Social Networking Communities .................... 2096Ann Dutton Ewbank, Arizona State University, USAAdam G. Kay, Dartmouth College, USATeresa S. Foulger, Arizona State University, USAHeather L. Carter, Arizona State University, USA

Chapter 8.6. Modeling Cognitive Agents for Social Systems and a Simulation in Urban Dynamics ........................................................................................................................... 2113

Yu Zhang, Trinity University, USAMark Lewis, Trinity University, USAChristine Drennon, Trinity University, USAMichael Pellon, Trinity University, USAPhil Coleman, Trinity University, USAJason Leezer, Trinity University, USA

Chapter 8.7. Embedding an Ecology Notion in the Social Production of Urban Space ................... 2134Helen Klaebe, Queensland University of Technology, AustraliaBarbara Adkins, Queensland University of Technology, AustraliaMarcus Foth, Queensland University of Technology, AustraliaGreg Hearn, Queensland University of Technology, Australia

Chapter 8.8. Affective Goal and Task Selection for Social Robots .................................................. 2150Matthias Scheutz, Indiana University, USAPaul Schermerhorn, Indiana University, USA

Chapter 8.9. Using Ambient Social Reminders to Stay in Touch with Friends ................................ 2164Ross Shannon, University College Dublin, IrelandEugene Kenny, University College Dublin, IrelandAaron Quigley, University College Dublin, Ireland

Chapter 8.10. Leveraging Semantic Technologies Towards Social Ambient Intelligence ............... 2172Adrien Joly, Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labs, France, & Universit de Lyon, LIRIS / INSA, FrancePierre Maret, Universit de Lyon, France, & Universit de Saint Etienne, FranceFabien Bataille, Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labs, France

Chapter 8.11. Virtual Social Networks: Toward A Research Agenda ............................................... 2198Sunanda Sangwan, Nanyang Technological