smart materials, sensors and actuators - milkyway.mie.uc.edumilkyway.mie.uc.edu/nanoworldsmart/research/pdfs/smart materials... · Smart Structures Bio-Nano Lab Smart Materials, Actuator

Smart Structures Bio-Nano Lab

University of Cincinnati

SMART STRUCTURES BIO-NANOTECHNOLOGY LABORATORY

Department of Mechanical Engineering

440B Baldwin Hall, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0072

August 22, 2002

(Mark Schulz, Ph. 513-556-4132)

Smart Materials, Actuator and Sensor Concepts


Smart Materials, Actuator and Sensor Concepts(Active materials with higher strain are needed to make these concepts easier to build and to improve performance)

•Linear Actuators, Wireless Motor

•Vibration Attenuation, Flutter Suppression

•Micro-power Generation

•Semi-active Vibration Isolation

•Sensor Development

•Bio-Nanotechnology

•Nanotube Actuators

•Structural Health Monitoring Techniques


A Camless Valve System for IC Engines(M. Schulz, D. Klett, M. Sundaresan, J. Sankar )

OBJECTIVE: Develop a valve actuator using smart materials

Active Fiber Composite Actuator design and performance

0 0.005 0.01 0.015-0.2

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0.2Valve Displacement, actual (red) and exact (black)

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ches

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HIGH POWER DENSITY ACTUATORS RESEARCH(M. Schulz, M. Sundaresan)

OBJECTIVE: Develop high power density actuators using smart materials

An AFC strut actuator

AFC harmonic drive motor with no wires A hybrid AFC-hydraulic actuator


Comparison of Electromagnetic, Solid State, and Harmonic Drive Motors

Notes: Table data from MIT, last row data based on estimates at NCA&TSU, EM=electromagnetic, SW=standing wave, SS=solid state, TW=traveling wave, D=disk, R=ring,

ET=extension/twist, HD=harmonic Drive

Type Description Manufacturer Stall Torque(Ncm)

No-loadSpeed (RPM)

Power Density(W/kg)

Torque Density(Nm/kg)

PeakEfficiency

EM DC, brushless Aeroflex 0.33 13,500 106 0.29 71%EM DC, brushless Micro Mo 0.99 4,000 - 0.04 ~20%EM DC, brushless Maxon 1.27 5,200 - 1.13 70%EM DC, brushless Mabuchi 1.60 14,500 - 0.42 53%USS SW, ET Kumada 133 120 80 8.8 80%USS TW, D Shinsei 60 100 18 2.6 27%USS TW, D MIT 170 40 12 5.2 15%USS TW, R MIT 0.54 1750 108 2.1 -

EMHD FHA-17A-6006 HD Inc. 1,400 80 21.4 11.7 56%SSHD TW, HD NCA&T ~2,635 ~12 ~234 ~186 ~29%


VIBRATION SUPPRESSION RESEARCH (A. Ghoshal, M. Sundaresan, M. Schulz)

OBJECTIVE: Develop a vibration suppression technique using smart materials

Vibration suppression using a laser vibrometer and piezoceramic patches

Beam without control

Beam with hybrid control


FLUTTER SUPPRESSION RESEARCHOBJECTIVE: Develop a flutter suppression technique using PZT’s and a laser

sensor (Ed Shackleford, Anindya Ghoshal, Mannur Sundaresan, M. Schulz)

View of the wing tip in the low speed wind tunnel controlled using a laser vibrometer

sensor and piezoceramic patchesExperimental Setup for flutter suppression

using PZT patches & laser vibrometer sensor


MICRO-POWER GENERATION (M. Schulz, M. Sundaresan)

OBJECTIVE: Generate power for autonomous structural health monitoring

Approach: Power generation devices; (a) the Strain Power Pack; (b) two Series Power Mounts; (c) the parallel power mount with frequency spreader


Vibration Attenuation of Base and Mass Excited Automotive Components using Semi-Active Magnetorheologic Damping

by Greg Stelzer, Jay Kim, Mark Schulz

Objective: A semi-active magnetorheologic damper is used to attenuate vibration and noise of operating automotive components. An enhanced sky-hook control algorithm is used. Two factors are to be optimized:relative displacement and transmitted force from the component.

Figure 1. Semi-active control system for vibration attenuation of automotive components.

component

vehicle

kpassive cpassiveMR

x(t)

y(t)Skyhook ControlButterworth Low Pass Filter (2nd order, 20 Hz)Integrator

Processor WithControl Law

Amplifier ForMR Coil

Fcomponent


ACTIVE FIBER COMPOSITE SENSOR DEVELOPMENTOBJECTIVE: Develop an AFC sensor for structural health monitoring

(Saurabh Datta, Mark Schulz, Mannur Sundaresan)

Piezoceramic fiber preforms(figure from CeraNova Corp.)

Piezoceramic fiber sensor built at the UC

Problem: AFC’s are designed primarily for actuation

Approach: Develop new electrode for sensing

Teaming: UC, NCA&T & CeraNova Corporation

(+)

(-)

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(-)

Parallel connectivityfor actuation

Series connectivityfor sensing

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ARRAY PROCESSING FOR SMART STRUCTURESOBJECTIVE: Develop a smart sensor array and new sensor materials

A Continuous Sensor Array

(Mannur Sundaresan, William N. Martin, Mark Schulz)


WAVELETS AND PIEZOCERAMIC SENSORS(D. Hughes, A. Ghoshal, M. Sundaresan, M. Schulz)

OBJECTIVE: Develop wavelet analysis techniques for smart sensors

• The Wavelet Transmittance Function (WTF) of piezoceramic sensor data is used for crack detection in structures

2

2

)(t

ti eet o−

= ωψ∫∞

∞−

= dtttfuaW ua )()(),( *,ψψ

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212 WT

WTWTF =

No crack: WTF~1.0 With crack: WTF~0.75


The Wavelet Transfom indicating damage in a helicopter flexbeam, (a) input, (b) response of healthy leg, (c) response of damaged leg.

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Response at healthy location

Sensor at delamination

Results from 50 KHz, 10V Peak to Peak Excitation at Collocated Sensors

(c)(b)(a)

Flexbeam Component with Offal Intact


A CONTINUOUS PIEZOCERAMIC SENSOROBJECTIVE: Develop neural composite materials for SHM, BHM

(with Mannur Sundaresan at NCA&TSU)

Voltage response for the single PZT sensor and the continuous sensor with nine PZT nodes

Comparison of the energy of the continuous sensor (DS) and a single PZT sensor (SS)

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Simulated AE Location Sensor


BIOBIO--NANOTECHNOLOGY:NANOTECHNOLOGY:

THE NEW FRONTIERTHE NEW FRONTIER

IN MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES


•The Biological Neural System

The generalized neuron. The visual cortex.Levels of information

processing in man.


Skin is a multifunctional and Skin is a multifunctional and layered material that can layered material that can

inspire the design of inspire the design of structuresstructures


FORMS OF CARBON (figures from General Chemistry, 3rd Edition, Hill and Petrucci, Prentice Hall )

DiamondDiamondEach carbon atom is bonded to four

others in a tetrahedral fashion.

Carbon Carbon NanotubeNanotubeThe molecules vary in length from a few nanometers to a micrometThe molecules vary in length from a few nanometers to a micrometer or more. er or more.

GraphiteGraphiteThe ball and stick model (a) of graphite indicates the closelyThe ball and stick model (a) of graphite indicates the closely--packed nature of packed nature of

the carbon atoms. The layers of carbon in graphite are 335pm apathe carbon atoms. The layers of carbon in graphite are 335pm apart, rt, approximately twice as long as the Capproximately twice as long as the C--C bond distance of 142pm (b). C bond distance of 142pm (b).

C60 C60 BuckyballBuckyball


Developing Piezoelectric Nanotube Actuators and Sensors (Mark Schulz)

Top electrode

Field direction

BNT fibers in a flexible matrix

Bottom Electrode

Boron nitride nanotubes for piezoelectric actuation


Developing Carbon Nanotube Electro-chemical Actuators (Mark Schulz)

CNTs coated with polymer electrolyte (black) form unidirectional ropes and a fiber that is actuated by setting up

an electric field using interdigitated electrodes (red/blue)

Concept for using carbon nanotubes and double-layer charge injection for actuation

Documents

smart materials, sensors and actuators - milkyway.mie.uc.edumilkyway.mie.uc.edu/nanoworldsmart/research/pdfs/smart materials... · Smart Structures Bio-Nano Lab Smart Materials, Actuator