Smart grids in Europe

Smart grids in Europe

Marcelo MASERA

Energy Security Unit

Institute for Energy and Transport

Joint Research Centre

Support provided by Joint Research Centre (JRC)

STOA Workshop “Challenges arising from the large-scale deployment

of Smart Grids in Europe”

The JRC - Institute for Energy and Transport

Smart Grid landscape

Smart Electricity Systems at JRC-IET

Smart Grid projects in Europe

Costs and benefits of smart grids

JRC Smart Grids Simulation Centre

Networking and cooperation

The JRC inside the European Commission

3April 22, 2023

CommissionerMairé Geoghegan-Quinn

Research, Innovation & Science

PresidentJosé Manuel Barroso

27 Commission Members

DG Research & Innovation (RTD)Director-GeneralDominique Ristori



• The Joint Research Centre (JRC) is the European Commission’s in-house science service.

• It provides the science for policy decisions, with a view to ensuring that the EU achieves its Europe 2020 goals for a productive economy as well as a safe, secure and sustainable future.

• The JRC plays a key role in the European Research Area and reinforces its multi-disciplinarity by networking extensively with leading scientific organisations in the Member States, Associated Countries and worldwide.

April 22, 2023 4

JRC - Who are weand what do we do?

• 7 institutes in 5 countries: Italy, Belgium, Germany, The Netherlands, Spain

• 2,845 permanent and temporary staff in 2010

• 1,398 scientific publications in 2010• 125 instances of support to the EU policy-

maker annually• Budget: €356 million annually, plus €62

million earned income

Where you can find us

• Corporate Services – Brussels

• IRMM (Institute for Reference Materials and

Measurements) – Geel, Belgium

• ITU (Institute for Transuranium Elements) –

Karlsruhe, Germany and Ispra, Italy

• IET (Institute for Energy and Transport) –

Petten, The Netherlands and Ispra, Italy

• IPSC (Institute for the Protection and Security

of the Citizen) – Ispra, Italy

• IES (Institute for Environment and

Sustainability) – Ispra, Italy

• IHCP (Institute for Health and Consumer

Protection) – Ispra, Italy

• IPTS (Institute for Prospective Technological

Studies) – Seville, Spain

5April 22, 2023

JRC established in 1957

The mission of the Joint Research Centre – Institute for Energy and Transport (IET) is to

provide support to Community policies and technology innovation related both:

• energy - to ensure sustainable, safe, secure and efficient energy production,

distribution and use and

• transport - to foster sustainable and efficient mobility in Europe.

Petten, The Netherlands

Ispra, Italy

JRC Institute for Energy and Transport

STATIONARY

TRANSPORT

DeployClean

EnergyIncrease Energy

Efficiency

DeployAlternative

Fuels

Electrificationof

Transport

IncreaseVehicle

Efficiency

Modernisethe Grid

Techno-economic Modelling & Analysis

Experimental Activities

InteroperabilityInteroperability

ENERGY SUPPLY ENERGY DEMAND

JRC-IET priorities








Power system – present

Smart grid: (possible) future

Source: EC Smart Grid Standardisation Reference Group

Smart grid: dimensions, domains and zones








The Smart Electricity Systems team

performs independent scientific research

and acts as in-house scientific consultant

for EU policy-making actors, with focus on

the on-going transformations towards

smart electricity systems

Mission

http://ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu/

Smart Electricity Systems

POLITICAL

PHYSICAL

CYBER

ECONOMIC

SOCIAL

A multi-layer problem

POLITICAL

PHYSICAL

SCIENTIFIC

POLICY

SUPPORT

MODELLING, ANALYSES & EXPERIMENTS

DISSEMINATION COOPERATION

DATA GATHERING & PROCESSING

CYBER

ECONOMIC

SOCIAL

The multi-layer approach ofSmart Electricity Systems








Rising political attention on Smart Grids as a means to achieve EU energy

policy objectives. Need to unlock market investment potential.

EVRenewables

Smart Meters

Storage

Aggregators

Distributed Generation

Prosumers

Demand Response

Market

Background

• Smart Grids projects:− Growing number: deployment, demonstration/pilots, R&D − Participants: Grid operators, service providers, R&D actors..− Wide scope: smart meters, super grid, integrated systems..

• No inventory of Smart Grid projects in Europe available in 2011:

− Limited sharing of project experiences and lessons learned

− Need to monitor the developments on the field

• JRC-DG ENER Reference Report “Smart Gridprojects in Europe: lessons learned andcurrent developments”

Background

• Uneven distribution of investments across Europe. Most of investments in EU-15 Countries

• Over 5 billions of investments, but still at the beginning of the Smart Grid transition

• Uneven distribution of investments across Europe. Most of investments in EU-15 Countries

• Over 5 billions of investments, but still at the beginning of the Smart Grid transition

Bulk of investment in a few countries

Smart grid investments

The data collection and analysis continues – contact us!Smart Electricity Systems: http://ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu/

Note: not all projects planned to start in 2011 answered yet to JRC survey

Starting date across stages of development

Share of R&D, demo and deployment projects

• Deployment projects: greatest part of investment, main focus: Smart Meters roll-outs

• R&D and Demonstration projects: mostly small-medium scale (4.5 and 12 million € of average budget respectively), wider portfolio of technologies and applications

• Deployment projects: greatest part of investment, main focus: Smart Meters roll-outs

• R&D and Demonstration projects: mostly small-medium scale (4.5 and 12 million € of average budget respectively), wider portfolio of technologies and applications

M€

Distribution System Operators (DSOs) are the main investors

Budget, leading organisation and development stage

• Most of the DSO-led projects in RD&D are financed through public-private partnerships

• Funding comes mainly from EU Framework programmes (FP6 and FP7), national funds and regulatory funds

• Funding and incentives for RD&D are important for further progress in the development of Smart Grids

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

R&D Demonstration Deployment

Tariffs/Private

National/Regulated

EC

Funding by development stage (DSO-led projects)

Smart Grids Knowledge Sharing Platform(JRC-EURELECTRIC joint initiative)

http://www.smartgridsprojects.eu/

• JRC database to act as European repository of Smart Grid projects• New JRC online form available: http://ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu/:

JRC inventory ofSmart Grid projects

JRC on-line form

JRC DB

• JRC database to act as European repository of Smart Grid projects• New JRC online form available: http://ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu/:

Send information on NEW PROJECTS or provide UPDATES!

JRC inventory ofSmart Grid projects

JRC on-line form

JRC DB

Smart Grid Task ForceProjects DB

Projects

DB

EEGI – SETIS

Projects

DB

Other users

www.smartgridsprojects.euhttp://ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu Visualisation platforms

Projects DB

One repository fordifferent users








Policy context and impact

• The JRC has defined an assessment

framework to provide guidance for

conducting cost benefit analyses of

Smart Grid projects and smart

metering deployment.

• This work draws on the existing

collaboration between the EC and

the US Department of Energy (DoE)

in the framework of the EU-US

Energy Council

CBA for smart meters/grids

Downloadable fromhttp://ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu

• The assessment framework is based

on the work performed by EPRI

(Electric Power Research Institute).

‒ Several modifications to fit the

European context have been

proposed.

• A European Smart Grid project from

the JRC inventory (InovGrid, led by

the Portuguese distributor EDP

Distribuição) has been used as a

case study to fine-tune and illustrate

the proposed assessment framework.

CBA for smart meters/grids

Guidelines for Cost Benefit Analysis ofSmart Grids

projects

Available soon onhttp://ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu

Quantifiable impacts

(Societal CBA)

Non-quantifiable impacts

(Qualitative impact analysis)

Merit deployment of the roll-out (contribution to policy goals, e.g. security of supply, RES integration)

CBA Externalities (e.g. employment, safety, environmental impacts)

KPI analysis

Qualitative descriptions / physical units

Economic Net Present Value (ENPV)

Economic internal rate of return (ERR)

B/C ratio

General assessment framework








• JRC is permanent member of the Reference Group for smart grids standardisation: pressing need for smart grids component testing and integration evaluation

• JRC-US increased cooperation on e-mobility and smart grids through the interoperability centres: JRC priority

Smart Grids Simulation Centre

Information and communication

technology

Ispra (IT)

Integrated Testing Centre

Pett

en (N

L)


Pett

en (N

L) Batteries, componentsand new materials

Ispr

a (IT

)Electric Vehicles

Ispr

a (IT

)

The centres research will include:• Electric vehicle performance, safety and energy efficiency• Vehicle battery safety, durability and charging time as well as performance under different environmental conditions• Vehicle-to-grid communication and compatibility

Interoperability lab

Visualisation

Simulation GIS

HPC Display

Simulation

Real-time modules

Evaluation

Power components

ICT components

Mobile unit

Energy networks

data inventory

Eurostat, and others

JRCICT

networkemulation

Real world power

Installations-

Pilot cases

Manufacturers

ENTSOEENTSOG,

GCG

Power Companies

-Pilot cases

Simulator modules

Power modules

Other JRC-externalenergy models

Other JRC-external economic/

environmental models

Risk assessmentCost-benefitIndicators

Offline modules

Smart Grids Sim. Centre

• Real time simulator and several

hardware equipment:

– First set bought 2010-11

– Plans for further modules

• Objective

– Ultra-fast Dynamic simulations of

power system behaviour

– Hardware-in-the-loop testing

(electric vehicles, batteries, …)


• OBJECTIVE - Identification of ‘European critical infrastructure’

– Critical infrastructure whose disruption or destruction might have a

significant impact on at least 2 member states

• MAIN ASSUMPTIONS:

– The most critical infrastructure for a cyber-attack are the 400 kV substations

– A coordinated cyber-attack would aim at opening all switches at the

substation(s) busbars

• PROBLEM - classical contingency analysis tools do not analyse:

– consequences of failure (disconnection of overloaded lines and transformers)

– possible failure propagation (cascading effect)

– network reaction (primary reserve, load shedding,…)

Critical infrastructure protection

Loading > 130% ?

Run load flow

Identify overloaded lines

Disconnect the most overloaded line

Disconnect attacked nodes

Evaluate lost load

yes

no

• Disconnection in steps of highly overloaded lines (I > 1.3 x Imax), until there is no congestion

• All generators contribute to load balancing (simulation of the primary reserve)

• No load shedding is implemented

• European criticality measured by lost load abroad

Simulation of cascading effects








• Argonne Nat Lab: Smart Grid – Electric Vehicles interoperability

• Israel: smart grids/cities and e-mobility

• Mediterranean solar power integration (HELIOS, MEDGRID,..)

• US Department of Energy: smart grid assessment methodologies

• Universities/Research Centres: EERA, TU Delft, TU Eindhoven, RSE, PoliTO, PoliBA, …

• Industry: ENTSOE, EURELECTRIC, CIGRE, EDP, EDF, ENEL,…

• R&D projects: FP7 AFTER (power system vulnerability), IEE GridTech (transmission costs-benefits), FET SEEDS CS (agent-based models), FP7 ICT4SSG (ICT for smartgrids), NGI…

Networking and cooperation(selected examples)

Smart Electricity Systemshttp://ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu/

Thank you for your attention

Documents

Smart grids in Europe