Smart Grid Implementation and Behavior NERC Smart Grid ...· Smart Grid Implementation and Behavior

Smart Grid Implementation and Behavior

NERC Smart Grid Workshop

2/23/2012

Rick Meekermeeker@caps.fsu.edu

Center for Advanced Power Systems (CAPS)

Florida State University2000 Levy Avenue, Building A, Tallahassee, FL 32310

http://www.caps.fsu.edu/

http://www.caps.fsu.edu/

2/28/2012 22/28/2012 2

Smart Grid Definitions

NERC SGTF

DOE SG Roadmap

2/28/2012 32/28/2012 3

Smart Grid OriginsModern Grid Characteristics1, 2

Enables active participation by consumers

Accommodates all generation and storage options

Enables new products, services and markets

Provides power quality for the digital economy

Optimizes asset utilization and operate efficiently

Anticipates & responds to system disturbances (self-heal)

Operates resiliently against attack and natural disaster

Smart Grid Characteristics3

Enables informed participation by

customers

Accommodates all generation and

storage options

Enables new products, services, and

markets

Provides power quality for the range of

needs in the 21st century

Optimizes assets and operates

efficiently

Addresses disturbances automated

prevention, containment, and

restoration

Operates resiliently against physical

and cyber attacks and natural disasters

1. http://www.netl.doe.gov/moderngrid/ 2005-2008.

2. Miller J., Pullins, S., Bossart, S., The Modern Grid, presentation to the Wisconsin Public Utility Institute and UW Energy Institute, April 29, 2008.

3. Smart Grid R&D Multi-Year Program Plan, 2010-2014, U.S. Dept. of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, September 2010.

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Smart Grid A Definition for the Bulk Power System1

1. Reliability Considerations from Integration of Smart Grid, Smart Grid Task Force, North American Electric Reliability Corp. (NERC), draft, August 2010.

The integration and application of real-time monitoring, advanced sensing, communications, analytics, and control, enabling the dynamic flow of both energy and information to accommodate existing and new forms of supply, delivery, and use in a secure, reliable, and efficient electric power system, from generation source to end-user.

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The Future Grid?

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The Future Grid?

Power Electronics (PE)

DC

HTS

DG

Microgrids / Microenergy / CHP

Information msmt, data, decision support

Communications

Control

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Modeling and

Simulation Effort Notional Florida

system PSS/E load-flow (also in

MATLAB for 14-bus version)

Representative dynamic PSS/E model

Seeking to create notional models for the research community (as done with electric war-ship IPS)

14 and 154 bus versions developed

Structured and scripted for model and scenario changes

Coordinating with FRCC and member utilities

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154 Bus

Model

0219

0813

0902

0803

1201

1202

1203

E 0405

E 0406 E

0404

G 0501

0502

0901 1401 G

G 0504

0503

0505

0506 G

G

G

E

G

G

G

0507

0508

0509

0519 0903

0904

0701

0702

0703

0704

0705

0706

0707

0708

0709

0710

0711

0112

0113

0114

0115

0116

1402

G

G

0924 0905

0906

0907

0908

0909

0910

G

G

G

G

G

1302

G

G

0804

0805

0806

0807

G

G

0809

0808 0606 G G

G G

0916

0914

0915

0912

0913 0911

0917

0218

1403

1502

1304

0801

1305

0802

0810

0601

0602

0603

0605

1503

G

G G

G

G

G

0811

0812

1504

1505

1511

G

1501 1301

1515

1506 1507

1508

1509

1510

1303

G

G

G

1101

1102

1103

1104

1105 1106

0604

1107

1110

1111

1112

1113

1114

1109

1108

G

G

1001 1002

1003

1004

1005

1006 1007

1008

1009 0814

0815

1404

G

G G

G G G G 0327

0326 1023

1024

1021

1022

1020

1019

1018 1013

1017

1016 1015

1014

1012

1011

0951 0952

0953

1405 1406

G 0958

0956

0957 0954

0265

0266

0959 0955

0960

0961 0963

0962

1407 1408

1409

1410

G

Duval

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Models: 154 Bus Base Model

154 Busses at 500, 230, 138,

and 115 kV voltage levels

46 generation plants, with

multiple units at each plant

All generation units employ

round rotor machine models

(GENROU), steam turbine-

governor models (TGOV1),

and simplified excitation

system models (SEXS)

Model development

continuation in cooperation

with FERC validation plan in

place and started (early

stages)

0 2 4 6 8 10

59.2

59.4

59.6

59.8

60

60.2

60.4

60.6

Time (s)F

requency (

Hz)

Southeast

Southwest

Central

Northeast

Frequency (Hz)

0 2 4 6 8 10

59.2

59.4

59.6

59.8

60

60.2

60.4

60.6

Time (s)F

requency (

Hz)

Southeast

Southwest

Central

Northeast

Frequency (Hz)

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FSU CAPS: Power Systems Simulation

REAL-TIME RTDS

Large-scale electromagnetic transient simulator

EMTP type simulation covers load-flow, harmonic, dynamic, and transient regime

Real-time simulation, with time steps down to 2500 analog, >200 digital). Can connect in real-time to any electrical node within the simulation.

MODBUS TCP, DNP 3.0 and IEC 61850 interfaces also available.

Capability for remote access over VPN link

Recent upgrade activity:

2 RISC GPCs in every rack for small time step (1-2 s)

Backplane upgrades - bus transfer rate improved from 125 to 60 ns

Increase electrical nodes per rack from 54 to 66

REAL-TIME Opal RT, recently added

Other simulation tools in-use at CAPS:

PSS/E, PSCAD/EMTDC, MATLAB/Simulink, ATP, PSPICE, ANSYS, DSPACE

14-rack RTDS at CAPS

Zone 4LoadCenter

Zone 1Load

Center

Zone 2LoadCenter

Port Propulsion

MotorDrive InverterCapacitor

Bank

DC/DC Converter

Energy Storage GT

Main AC Generator 1

AC Circuit Breaker

AC/DC Converter

GT

Auxilary AC Generator 1

AC Circuit Breaker

AC/DC Converter

DC Disconnect

DC Disconnect

MVDC Port Bus

MVDC Starboard Bus

Starboard Propulsion

MotorDrive Inverter

GT

Auxilary AC Generator 2

AC Circuit Breaker

AC/DC Converter

GT

Main AC Generator 2

AC Circuit Breaker

AC/DC Converter

Zone 3LoadCenter

Zone 5 Deck house

ATG1

ATG2 MTG2

MTG1

DC/DC Converter

Radar

Pulse Charging

Circuit

DC/DC

Conv erter

Pulsed Load

Stern Cross-hullDisconnect

Bow Cross-hullDisconnect

See separate f igure for details

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IEEE 30-bus System

5 racks, dt=65 s

6 machines incl. governor & v-regulator

36 transmission lines

70 breakers

Ship zonal integrated power system

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Dynamic HIL Testing of large PV Inverters

Highly dynamic testing

of PV converters is

possible today!

LV ride through

Anti islanding

Fault current contribution

Unbalanced voltage condition

SubstationB1

T1

B2

S10

B15 4.16kV

T9.1

4.16kV AC Bus

T10.1

B13

B14

DC Bus: 0-1150VDCI max = +/- 2.5 kA

T9.2

=

~

~

=

=

~

=

=

PV Inverter

Power Grid Simulation

PV Array Simulation

6.3 MVA Variable Voltage Source (VVS)

Real Time Simulator RTDS

Real Time Simulator RTDS

VVS 1 VVS 2

=

~

4160/480V1.5MVAZ=5.86%

T5

466/4160V3.93MVA Z=5.6%

B11

AC Bus1: 0-4.16 kVI max = 0.433 kA

AC Bus2: 0-0.48 kVI max = 1.8 kA

SubstationB1

T1

B2

S10

B15 4.16kV

T9.1

4.16kV AC Bus

T10.1

B13

B14

DC Bus: 0-1150VDCI max = +/- 2.5 kA

T9.2

=

~

~

=

=

~

=

=

PV Inverter

Power Grid Simulation

PV Array Simulation

6.3 MVA Variable Voltage Source (VVS)

Real Time Simulator RTDS

Real Time Simulator RTDS

VVS 1 VVS 2

=

~

4160/480V1.5MVAZ=5.86%

T5

466/4160V3.93MVA Z=5.6%

B11

AC Bus1: 0-4.16 kVI max = 0.433 kA

AC Bus2: 0-