Slides 6 – Green procurement and hazardous materials Today’s topics What is green procurement? Evaluation criteria Product labelling, site certifications

Slides 6 – Green procurement and hazardous materials

Today’s topics

What is green procurement?

Evaluation criteria

Product labelling, site certifications

Organization of purchasing

Hazardous materials

Labelling and handling of haz. materials

Information sources (safety data sheets)

Storage of hazardous materials


Sustainable Chemicals Management

Risk assessment and risk reduction

Chemical leasing as means of SCM

International programmes


Why green procurement? (1)

First step towards the avoidance of waste and emissions

Avoiding that toxic and environmentally critical materials enter the company

Green procurement fosters quality Procurement has a high cost saving

potential


Company example: mail order Savings from green procurement

Plastic bags instead of cardboard boxes for sending certain articles:

- 20 t of packaging weight Reduced transport costs due to better

use of the loading space of lorries- 89,000 km per year

In-company multi-use of cardboard- 47 t of cardboard

Thinner middle layer of the cardboard boxes for sending the goods

- 16.5 t of packaging weight


Company example: producer of blinds

Savings from green procurement

Change to a new isocyanate-free glue:- 2,000 pieces (appr. 1 t per

year)

New route planning, new low-emission lorries:

- 4.5% of fuel consumption

Multi-way system (cardboard) with the suppliers :

- 13 t of cardboard per year


Why green procurement? (2)

Disposable products- 93% of the resources are not turned into

products- 80% of the products are thrown away after

being used ONCE- 99% of the materials turn into waste after 6

weeks

Acceleration- Every two years the whole range of products

is renewed. A clear shortening of the life cycle.


What is environmentally friendly ?

Relatively eco-friendly

Absolutely

Environmentally friendly ...

eco-friendly


Evaluation models

Life cycle analysisEco-balances Ecological footprintMIPS (Material Input

Per System)…


The five phases of the life cycle

Raw materials

Production

Transport

End of life

Energy

Use

Each product has different environmental effects in different phases of the life cycle.

To optimize the product you have to find out which life-phase has the most significant environmental impact.


Ecological criteria over the life cycle

Product life cycle

Raw materials Process materials

Production

Use

End of life

Disposal

Materials Fossil Renewable Scarce Regional

Efficiency of materials use Water consumption …

Repairability Long life time Packaging system …

Recyclability Possibility to return/to

take back …

Emissions into water, air, soil

Solvents Heavy metals, lead SO2, NOx, etc. ...

Dust, heat, etc. CFC Noise …

Formaldehyde from chipboards

…

Toxic contents (to the environment, health)

Formation of toxic emissions/material

…

Energy Energy production (water power, oil, gas, solar energy, coal)

…

Energy consumption Energy production …

Energy consumption Energy production …

Energy consumption


Criteria for environmental friendliness

Material/technology: choice of material, use of recycled material

Manufacturing: energy consumption, toxicity

Distribution: optimized ways, materials for packaging, etc.

Use: energy consumption, emissions Period of use: protection against

corrosion, possibility to upgrade, long life time, etc.

Source : Ecodesign Infoknoten/ ECODESIGN Checklist


Criteria for environmental friendliness

Repair: easily accessible, easy to dismantle

Maintenance: easy to clean, spare parts are easy to exchange

Recyclability: reusable, recyclable

Need-oriented: multi- functional, new ways/forms of use

Source: Ecodesign Infoknoten


Labelling and certification

Product

Eco-label of the EU (flower)

Austrian eco-labelBlue Angel

(German eco-label) CE marking

Site

Responsible Care (chemical industry)

EMAS or ISO 14001

BS 7750ECOPROFIT


How to establish green procurement in the company

Record all the products Define product requirements Determine environmental properties Evaluate products and suppliers Organize procurement:

centralized/decentralized Optimize procurement Control the results


Green procurement

Motivate, integrate

Consider economic feasibility

Be aware of quality problems: new procedures need training

Dealing with suppliers

Avoid ambiguity – many products only have an “eco-touch”


Hazardous materials in a company

Characterization/identification Labelling Evaluation Information sources Legal compliance Handling (careful and preventive) Storage and transport Working instructions


Types of hazardous materials (according to GHS)

Physical hazards

Health hazards

Environmental hazards


Rules for labelling materials with danger of fire and

explosion

Classification (Identification of danger)

- Danger symbol (pictogram)

- Hazard statement

- Signal word


Danger of fire and explosion (examples)

Classification according to GHS

Flammable gas, Category 1

Explosive material, Division 1.2

Oxidizing gasCategory 1

Symbol

Signal word Danger Danger Danger

Hazard statement

Extremely flammable gas

Explosive; severe projection hazard

May cause or intensify fire; oxidizer

Slides 6 – Green procurement and hazardous materialsClassification according to

European legislation on chemicals


Flammable liquid, Category 1




Classification criteria according to GHS

Flash point < 23 °C and initial boiling point ≤ 35 °C

Flash point < 23 °C and initial boiling point > 35 °C

Flash point ≥ 23 °C and ≤ 60 °C

Flash point > 60 °C and ≤ 93 °C

Symbol No symbol

Signal word Danger Danger Warning Warning

Hazard statement

Extremely flammable liquid and vapour

Highly flammable liquid and vapour

Flammable liquid and vapour

Combustible liquid


Health hazard


Dangerous to the environment (example)


Acute hazards to the aquatic environment, Category 1

Symbol

Signal word Warning

Hazard statement

Very toxic toaquatic life


Product labelling according to GHS

Product identifier Chemical identityPictograms (symbols)Signal wordHazard statementsPrecautionary statementsSupplier identifier


Safety data sheet (1)According to the GHS the SDS has to include the following 16 sections:

1. Identification

2. Hazard(s) identification

3. Composition/information on ingredients

4. First-aid measures

5. Fire-fighting measures

6. Accidental release measures

7. Handling and storage

8. Exposure controls/personal protection


Safety data sheet (2)

9. Physical and chemical properties

10. Stability and reactivity

11. Toxicological information

12. Ecological information

13. Disposal considerations

14. Transport information

15. Regulatory information

16. Other information


Storage of chemicals

+ Can be stored together

- Cannot be stored together

O Can be stored together if specific precautions are taken. Consult the safety data sheets.

– – – – –

– + – – –

– – + –

– – + +

– + + +

– – – + +


Sustainable Chemicals Management (SCM)

Definition: Safe management of chemicals in a way that harmful exposure of humans or the environment is prevented.

Strategy: Proactive handling and objectives set at the beginning

Advantage: Potential for economic improvement by SCM


Risk assessment: Collection of information

Safety data sheets of chemical substances

Manuals of equipment

Legal regulations and technical standards

Scientific and technical literature

Records of work accidents and occupational diseases

Interviews


Risk assessment

Probability

Severity of consequences

Moderate harm Medium harm Extreme harm

Highly improbable

Small risk Small risk Medium risk

Probable Small risk Medium risk High risk

Highly probable Medium risk High risk High risk


Risk assessment – Probability

Highly improbableShould not occur during the entire

occupational career of an employee.

ProbableOccurs only a few times during the


Highly probable Occurs repeatedly during the



Risk assessment:Severity of consequences

Headaches Moderate harm

Dermal allergy Medium harm

Cancer, death Extreme harm


Risk reduction

1) Elimination of the need to use a hazardous substance

2) Substitution of a hazardous substance by a less hazardous alternative

3) Control measures to prevent or reduce exposure

Haz substance


Elimination or substitution

Increase fire and explosion risks Lead to high exposure of workers Result in exposure of many workers Are volatile, e.g. organic solvents Are dispersed in the air (aerosols,

dust)

Cause acute health risks, e.g. poisons, corrosives and irritants

Elimination or substitution should be considered for substances that:


Control and reduction measures

Substance-related measures

Technical measures

Organizational measures (communication in the chemical supply chain)

Personal protection measures


Technical measures

Ventilation of area concerned

Enclosure of emitting process

Direct extraction of contaminated air

Exhaust air treatment- Physical techniques (e.g. filtration)

- Chemical treatment (e.g. absorption)

- Biological treatment


Exposure monitoring

Sampling of air from the

workplace environment

- Active (pumps for air collection)

- Passive (depending on air currents)

Detection of contaminants

- Instantly (detector tubes)

- By laboratory analysis (adsorption

tube)

Compare results with limit values

Source:

www.industrysearch.com.au


Advantages of participating in non-regulatory initiatives

Awareness raising among public Positive image Proactive approach towards

environmental issues Rapid solution of problems

compared to regulatory approaches

Lower costs to achieve benefits for both governments and industry


Chemical Leasing

Economy:

Air pollution

Water pollution

Waste load

Costsusers

Costs producers of chemicals

Costsothers

Added value

Environment:

≈

Emission reduction

The customer pays for the benefits obtained from the chemical, not for the substance itself.

Documents

Slides 6 – Green procurement and hazardous materials Today’s topics What is green procurement? Evaluation criteria Product labelling, site certifications