Slide 1 COOPERATIVE

LEARNINGTurning “ME” into “WE”

Based on the works of Spencer Kagan, Jeanne Gibbs, David W. Johnson, Roger T. Johnson, and Edythe Johnson Holubec

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Students work alone.

They are evaluated against a criteria based standard.

The students’ success or failure is unrelated to what other students do.

Individualistic: We are each in this alone.

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Students work alone.The are evaluated on a “curve” or ranked from best to worst and try to be better than others.

What benefits one student deprives another.

COMPETITION: If I succeed you fail. If you succeed I fail.

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Students work in small groups.

Evaluated on a criteria based standard.

What benefits one student in the group benefits all students in the group.

COOPERATION: We succeed or fail together

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Positive Interdependence

Face to Face Interaction

Individual Accountability

Interpersonal & Small Group Skills

Group Processing

Elements of Cooperative Learning

Slide 9 Positive Interdependence

1. Mutual Goals

2. Joint Rewards

3. Shared Resources

4. Assigned Roles

It is one of the beautiful compensations in this life that no one can sincerely try to help another without helping himself.

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Slide 10 THE TEACHER’S JOB

1. Pre-Teaching Decisions

2. Task and Cooperative Structure

3. Monitor & Supervise

4. Evaluate and Process

Slide 11 Pre-Teaching Decisions

1. What are the academic objectives?

2. What are the social skill objectives?

3. What is the best group size?

4. How is best to compose the groups?

5. What are the best roles to assign?

6. What materials will work best?

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1.Explain the academic task.

2.Explain the criteria for success.

3.Structure the positive interdependence.

4.Structure the INTERGROUP Cooperation.

Task and Cooperative Structure

Slide 13 Monitor and Supervise1. Ensure face to

face interaction

2. Monitor behavior

3. Intervene when necessary to improve teamwork and taskwork

4. Provide closure by having students summarize or review.

Slide 14 Evaluate and Process

1.Evaluate Group Learning

2.Process Group Functioning

Slide 17 TRAITORS

What is treason

Why would someonebetray their own country?

What should be done withtraitors?

What is it that makes the difference between a

traitorand a hero?

US ConstitutionArticle III

Section 3Treason against the UnitedStates, shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies,giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testi-mony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confes-sion in open court.

Slide 18 LOS SAN PATRICIOS

Who: Approximately 200 Irish and Irish-American soldiers fighting for the Americans in the army of General Zachary Taylor during the Mexican- American War (1846-1848) who deserted and switched sides to fight for Mexico. Los San Patricio is translated as “The Saint Patricks.”

Background: The Mexican American War broke out in 1846 when President Polk made a blatant grab for Mexican territory. A war was exactly what he wanted. The Americans would win this war and receive from Mexico parts of what is today California, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming, Arizona, New Mexico, and Colorado.- Many of the soldiers who fought for the Americans were NOT American citizens but were Catholic immigrants from Ireland and Germany. They had been pressed to join the US army right off the boat as they were told there was no other work for them in America. Many of the soldiers who were citizens were Catholic-Irish immigrants who had become citizens in the recent past.- Many of the Catholic soldiers were outraged when they saw their fellow American soldiers desecrated Catholic churches and mistreating priests and nuns during the war. When they protested to higher authority their pleas were ignored and their own privileges to worship with Catholic priests or in Catholic churches was revoked. The leaders, almost all Protestant, distrusted their men.

A few men disobeyed the order and sneaked off to attend worship services held by a Catholic priest. They were caught and were whipped mercilessly. This was the final straw. Sergeant John Riley led a group of mostly Irish Catholics away from the American side and over to the Mexican side.. The numbers grew until there were approximately 200 of them. They formed themselves into the Los San Patricios Brigade and fought valiantly for Santa Anna and the Mexicans. They were rewarded with their own, green, flag and green uniforms. Each man was to receive land in Mexico when the war was over. Many of them married Mexican women and all of them were sworn in as citizens of Mexico.

As the war was being lost by the Mexicans, many of the San Patricios were killed and a large number captured. Around 177 of them were given a court-martial trial.

Treason???????

Slide 19 LOS SAN PATRICIOS

Verdict: Most were found guilty of treason, a few were released because of age and mental incompetence. Fifty of them were sentenced to be branded on the cheek with the letter “D” for deserter. This was the sentence given to John Riley.

One hundred were executed for Treason. The largest of these executions were at the battle for Chapultepec Castle. Each condemned man was fitted with a noose. As the Americans defeated the Mexicans and the American flag was raised over the Castle the San Patricios were dropped through the gallows. Their last sight was to be the flag that they had betrayed.

How did the court martial decide who would be branded and who would be killed? It was largely, but not completely, based on American citizenship. Those San Patricios who had been American citizens when they deserted were generally branded and released. Those who had not received American citizenship when they had deserted were mostly hanged.

Their end: John Riley lived out his days in Mexico with a land grant from the Mexican government. He married and raised a large family. Today the San Patricios are honored as heroes in both Mexico and in Ireland. A large and riotous celebration to honor these men takes place in Mexico on Saint Patrick’s Day each year. There is also a more somber celebration, in their honor, in Mexico on September 12, the day they were sentenced to death. Ireland also honors these men on September 12th each year. However, most Americans have never heard of these Irish citizens and their story is never found in a textbook. Their story has recently been told in a adequate, but not great, movie – One Man’s War, starring Tom Berringer.

Slide 21 A FEW COOPERATIVE ACTIVITIES

1. Reading in pairs or triads

2. Jigsaw

3. Debate

4. Projects

5. Analyzing

6. Writing

7. Roll Call

8. Checking Work