Skin DiseaseSkin Disease

I. I. SkinSkin

A. FunctionsA. Functions

1.1.

2.2.

3.3.

4.4.

B. AnatomyB. Anatomy1. 1.

0.007 - 0.12mm thick0.007 - 0.12mm thick

2. 2. Supports the Supports the

epidermis.epidermis.

Contains accessory Contains accessory organs ( , organs ( ,

, nerves, , nerves,

sebum sebum oil : Acene oil : Acene plugged plugged sebum sebum

gland.gland.

secretion is secretion is important to microbial important to microbial population, water, population, water,

A.A. & A.A. & lipids.lipids.

pH pH

Microbial produce Microbial produce

which may which may inhibits potential inhibits potential . .

II. Normal Skin flora

organims/cm2. million on scalp & armpits3 Main groups

1.

No spores

Ex. Propionibacterium acene

Anaerobic or aerotolerant.Grows hair follicles.Growth by oily conditions.Produced F.A. - defend the skin from

infectionsExcess - produces , infect the

, bone & (aids patients).

2. Staphylocci

Cocci-

Ex. Staphylococcus epidermidis

Prevents by pathogen & maintain

balance of skin flora.

3. Single Cell Fungi (Yeasts). t in the human body from early childhood.

Mala sezia - common genus.

Harmless - Scaley fair rash,

- patchy scaliness (fair

skin - dark patches, dark skin - light patches).

Staph InfectionsStaph Infections

Staph InfectionsStaph Infections

MRSAMRSA

ReviewReview

Name two functions of the skin.Name two functions of the skin.

Why is it good for there to be natural Why is it good for there to be natural floral on your skin?floral on your skin?

When do you have problems with the When do you have problems with the natural floral on your skin?natural floral on your skin?

III. Skin Diseases caused by bacteria

Most enter from a , but some may enter from the .

A. Infection of a hair follicles1.

Symptoms - developed at the site of hair follicle.

Treatment - non,

2. Furuncles (boils)Symptoms - developed from a ,pus.

3. Carbuncles - large area of swelling

Symptoms - pus, areas of thick skin, fever with sever infections.

Treatment - Pus must be drained from a lesion (surgical) & anti staphylococcal medicine must be given.

Squeezing bad - may spread to the brain or

bone.

ReviewReview

How can these diseases spread How can these diseases spread through out the skin?through out the skin?

What is the most common type of What is the most common type of treatment for these skin diseases?treatment for these skin diseases?

B. Scalded Skin Syndrome (Ritters)

Staphylococcus aureusPotential fatal in infants, up to .Symptoms - of the body is .Fever, malaise, painful around the nose & mouth.With in hrs of redness, skin wrinkles & large blisters appear.Tender to the touch & feels like sand paper.

- toxins carried by the bloodstream which causes the skin to split below the epidermis.

- placed in protective isolation, antibiotics, all dead skin is removed.

C. Rocky Mountain Spotted fever -gram negative –

Symptoms - headache, pain in muscles, joints, & fever ( ).

Days, rash appears on palms, wrists, & feet.

Eventually spreads to the rest of the body.

in the mouth & nose.Effects the heart & kidney - result in shock & death if not caught early enough.

Epidemiology - - affect mainly animals, some humans

West - East -

Pathogens - Pathogens - , , transmitted by ticks, mites, & lice.transmitted by ticks, mites, & lice.

Bite is painless, & symptoms don’t Bite is painless, & symptoms don’t developed until 4 hours later.developed until 4 hours later.

Prevention - No VaccinesPrevention - No Vaccines Avoid tick infested areas.Avoid tick infested areas. Protective clothing.Protective clothing. Tick repellents.Tick repellents.

Inspect body.Inspect body. Remove tick without Remove tick without crushing, gasoline, crushing, gasoline,

whiskey.whiskey. Treat with antiseptic.Treat with antiseptic.

Treatment - Antibiotics - Treatment - Antibiotics - TetracyclineTetracycline

Caught late the damage is irreversible.Caught late the damage is irreversible.

With out treatment - fatal 20%, early 5%.With out treatment - fatal 20%, early 5%.

Reported cases of Rocky Reported cases of Rocky Mountain Spotted feverMountain Spotted fever

D. Lyme Disease

Symptoms occurs in 3 stages

1st - days- weeks

(erythema chronicum migrans).Red bump to a size of cm. symptoms.

2nd 2 - 8 weeks after skin rash appears.

Effects the electrical condition of the . spells & fainting. of face, impairment in arms & legs

3rd 6 months after the rash appears.Joint pain & swelling.

Epidemiology - - affect mainly animals, some humans.

East - % of ticks infected.

Pathogens –

- large spiral 11-25 um which is transmitted by deer ticks, Ixodes scapularis.

PreventionSame as Rocky Mountain Spotted fever.

Treatment Antibiotics –

Doxycycline, Amoxicillin, & Eryhromycin

ReviewReview What causes Rocky Mountain Spotted fever What causes Rocky Mountain Spotted fever

& Lyme disease caused by? & Lyme disease caused by?

How are the transmitted?How are the transmitted?

What is the best methods of dealing with What is the best methods of dealing with these diseases?these diseases?

What should you do if you find a tick on you?What should you do if you find a tick on you?

IV Skin Diseases caused by a virusA. Chicken Pox - Varicella,

humans are the only host.

Symptoms

Lesions appear anywhere on the body (head, legs, arms, chest).

of the adults that get it develop .

Symptoms are more severe in children & adults.

Major threat to newborns if mother develops it within 5 days of delivery & 2 days afterwards, mortality increases to 30%.

Congenital varicella syndrome - underdeveloped limbs.

Chicken PoxChicken Pox

Pathogenesis

1. DNA Virus.2. Enters the body via system.3. Enters the sensory nerves, but conditions inside the nerve does not allow for full expression of the virus.

Epidemiology 1. fewer than /year2. of humans are infected by the age of 15.incubation is days.3. Infection can spread days before rash & lesions crust over.

Prevention

1. , live, attenuated varicella vaccine.2. proven safe in over million cases.

B. Shingles - Herpes zosterSymptoms

Occur at any age, but are more common in (weaken immunity).

Enters the sensory nerves, but conditions inside the nerve does not allow for full expression of the virus.

Rash lasts weeks, but pain may last for several months.

along the nerve path.

C. Rubeola (Measles) - paramyxovirus family Worldwide reduction of measles due

to vaccines.Symptoms

Fever, runny nose, cough, swollen - red eyes.

Rash after a few days, begins on the forehead & spreads to the rest of the body.

Lasts for about week.

Complications arise from secondary infections due to weaken immunity - Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae.

leads to pneumonia.

Brain involvement 1/1000

- brain damage, retardation, deafness, epilepsy.

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis - 2 - 10 yrs after the measles, degeneration of the brain until death, 2 years.

During pregnancy - , premature labor.

Pathogenesis virus - paramyxovirus family.

Enters through the respiratory route & spreads to the lymphatic system.

EpidemiologyHumans are the only host.

D. Rubella - German MeaslesSymptoms

fever, cold, enlarge lymph symptoms.rash, pink spots.painful joints.

PathogenesisEnters through the Reproduces in the .

Infected early in pregnancy - Congenial rubella syndrome - brain damage, deafness, heart defects.

Infected in 1st 6 weeks of pregnancy, the of the fetuses have detectable injuries.

Measles OutbreaksMeasles Outbreaks

Epidemiology

are the only natural host

of adult didn’t get it.

of rubella don’t get symptoms.

PreventionSubcutaneous injection months of age.

get long lasting immunity.

E - benign tumor (papillonia) from the Papillomaviruses.Some genital warts are associated with cervical & uterine cancer.

V. Fungi (mold)- Ringworm, Jock itch, Athlete’s foot.

Mold ( ) invades hair, nails, & skin.

Symptoms

None -> itching, rash, odor.

PathogenesisNormal skin is resistant to invasion. skin are easier to invade. - enzyme that breaks down keratin.

Prevention

Cleanliness, dry-normal skin.Powder, open shoes.Changing of socks.Application of rubbing alcohol to nails.

TreatmentOver the counter medication - undecylenic acid.

ReviewReview

What are the three classes of skin What are the three classes of skin diseases?diseases?