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THE HUMAN BODYSkeletal System Muscular SystemCirculatory System
Respiratory SystemDigestive System Excretory System
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Epithelial TissueLine or cover all body surfacesProtects, allows
diffusion, reduces friction, assists in cleaningTightly bound3
basic types: squamous, cuboidal and columnar
SquamousLining of capillaries and alveoliCuboidalLining of
Kidney tubes
ColumnarLining of stomach, intestines
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Connective TissueMost abundant and diverseBinds, supports and
protects structuresCells embedded protein fibers and large amounts
of matrix Intercellular substanceSolid, semisolid or liquidEx:
cartilage, tendons, fat and blood
Loose ConnectiveDense ConnectiveCartilage
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Muscle TissueCells that can contract3 types: skeletal, smooth,
cardiac
Smooth: individual cells, lines blood vessels and all organs,
not striatedInvoluntary except for anus sphincter musclewhich we
learn to control Skeletal: attached to bone by tendons and
ligamentsNo individual cells, striated, voluntaryMass of cytoplasm
with numerous nucleifilled with actin and myosinCardiac: heart,
involuntary, striated
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Nervous TissueCells (neurons) that receive and transmit messages
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, retina of eyeCoordinate
voluntary/involuntary responses, response, regulation of body
processes
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Anterior SuperiorInferiorPosterior
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0 Adult Human Body has 206 bones
O A baby has about 300 bones
0 Make up less than 20% of your body mass
0 Bones are not dry and rigid. They are moist, living
tissue!
***You have to memorize 25!!!(spelling counts)
Bones of the skull, ribs, spine and sternumBones of the arms,
legs, scapula, clavicle and pelvis
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craniumclaviclemaxillamandiblesternumhumerusribscervical
vertebraelumbar vertebraesacral
vertebraepelvisulnaradiuscarpalsmetacarpalsphalangesfemurpatellatibiafibulatarsalsmetatarsalsphalangespubisscapula
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Periosteum: tough membrane that covers the surfaceHard bone
(compact): dense connective tissue-provides supportSpongy Bone:
network of separated connective tissues: makes them light and
strongYellow Bone Marrow: mostly fat-energy reserveRed Bone Marrow:
production of blood and plateletsBlood Vessels: supplies
nutrientsPeriosteum(Red and
Yellow)http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/en/daniel_kraft_invents_a_better_way_to_harvest_bone_marrow.html
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JointsFixed (Immovable): prevent movement. Small amount of
connective tissue absorbs impactEx: Skull
Cartilaginous (Semimovable): permit limited movementSeparated by
disks of cartilaginous tissue to compress and absorb shockEx:
vertebral column, rib cage
Synovial (movable): Ex: shoulder, hip, elbow, saddle,
gliding
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OsteoporosisThinning of bone tissue and loss of bone density
over time1 in 5 American women (over 50)Fails to form enough new
bone, when too much old bone is reabsorbed by the bodyNot enough
calcium/phosphate
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ArthritisInflammation of jointsOver 100 different typesBreakdown
of cartilage due toAutoimmune diseaseBroken boneGeneral wear and
tearinfectionhttp://www.ted.com/talks/lang/en/kevin_stone_the_bio_future_of_joint_replacement.html
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MUSCULAR SYSTEM
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Muscular SystemMyofibrils: bundle of threadlike structures
Two types of protein (thick and thin)
Myosin: thickActin: thin
Form overlapping pattern, gives striation
Anchored at their endpoints to a Z line
Sarcomere: one Z line to anotherMake up the bulk of the body
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Muscle Contraction
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Tendon: connects bone to muscleOrigin: point at which the muscle
attaches to the stationary boneEx: bicep-scapulaInsertion: point at
which muscle attaches to the moving boneEx: bicep-radius
Muscles arranged in pairsFlexor: muscle that bends
(biceps)Extensor: muscle that straightens (triceps)(Ligaments: bone
to bone)
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Bill
Nyehttp://www.gamequarium.org/cgi-bin/search/linfo.cgi?id=7673
