Sintesis Protein - English

8/8/2019 Sintesis Protein - English

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PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

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GROUP 7

Mulqiyati Zikra (8)

Luluan Thahura H (4) Marlina (34)


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DEFINITION

Protein is a macromolecule composed by various

amino acids. Meanwhile, enzymes are proteins that

have the ability as a catalyst for biochemical

reactions in the process of cellular metabolism.Based on the results of Beadle and Tatums (1941)

experiment, genes controlling the metabolic

processes or the lives of individuals through the

process of enzyme control. Thus, changes in genestructure can cause changes in protein structure at

amino acid level, which in turn will cause changes

in metabolic processes


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Protein is not synthesizeddirectly by genes, but through

the process of transcriptionand translation (the gene is afunctional, is a DNA structure).Transcription is the process of

DNA replication to form theRNA-d. Meanwhile, thetranslation is the process oftranslating genetic informationcontained in RNA-d into thepolypeptide amino acid runs. Intranscription, DNA is used as amodel for protein synthesis.


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1. TRANSCRIPTION

Transcription is the process of transfer of genetic

information from DNA segments (genes) into RNA

molecules which are guided by a katalisatornya

transcriptase enzyme. Pieces of base sequence on RNA-d isdetermined by the base of runs contained in one segment

of DNA, and each of these bases will be searched

ribonukleotidanya counterparts, then bundled into the RNA

chain-d. Readings by the beginning of the earliest signs

transcriptase (promoter) to mark the end (terminator). Only

the segment flanked by two signs that will be transcribed.

Gene is a gene controlling the protein so that there should

be at the link between the promoter and terminator.


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2. TRANSLATION

After the process of transcription in the nucleus ofcells is completed, then the RNA-d out from the coreto be printed in the preparation of a series of modelamino acids in the translational process. Genetic

information carried by RNA-d contained in the baseruns, they contain. Each type of combination of threeadjacent bases that contain the genetic code (codon)specific, which can be translated into one type ofamino acid. In one chain of RNA-d, only certain parts

of a mold pattern in protein synthesis, namelysegment flanked by initial codon (AUG) and the finalcodon (UAA, UAG, UGA)


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After RNA-d to the ribosome, RNA-t begintransporting amino acids into the complex

translation (ribosomes), also read codes (codons)

RNA-d. Furthermore, the amino acids brought by

the RNA-t assembled into polypeptides. The abilityof RNA-t perform these tasks, due to the anti-codon

loop and the ability of a compound with an amino

acid called aminoacyl-t RNA. The process of

translating a series of RNA codons-d into thepolypeptide amino acid sequence called a

translation.


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STAGES OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

1. Conduct DNA transcription (print dRNA) to bring the code - thecode-forming proteins, based on the sequence of nitrogenous bases2. mRNA to escape from the DNA and carry the code - the geneticcode (codon) exit from the nucleus to the ribosomes in thecytoplasm. This mRNA acts as a template (matrix). In this ribosomes

attached to mRNA ribosomal RNA (rRNA)3. tRNA in the cytoplasm came with amino acids in accordance withthe code - the code that was brought by the mRNA. tRNA is attached(coupled) with the mRNA in accordance with pasngan - nitrogen basepairs (with a triple from nitrogenous bases of tRNA).4. acids - amino acids that are brought by the tRNA will be holding

each other and form a series of polypeptide chains to form proteinsthat are expected in the ribosome. Proteins that form this is anenzyme that regulates cellular metabolism.


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GENETIC CODE

The genetic code is the code carried by

messenger RNA (mRNA) to be submitted to the

transfer RNA (tRNA). The genetic code is a

sequence of three nitrogenous bases that

make up a so-called codon tripet (kodogen)


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DELIVERY MECHANISM OFGENETIC

CODE

Each code (one codon) is comprised of three nitrogenbases located in the mRNA sequence. Codon - codon onthe mRNA must be translated by the tRNA, to learnwhich amino acids should he brought

Example: if the codon on the mRNA read urasi-uracil-uracil (UUU), the tRNA must deliver the amino acidphenylalanine.The genetic code is universal to all organisms, meaningthat an organism's genetic code can be translated by

other organisms and form the same amino acid.Example: AAA codon in human cells and in bacterialcells will generate Lysine

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Sintesis Protein - English