4544 "IounNAl, n. a. ri. (crvlox). [\ro1. VI a66. 26,-1883'] Pr\DDY cuLTl\rATIo\r cus?oMs'

SIryHALESE CUSTOMS AND CER]TMONTITS c0NECTDD WITIT PADDY CULTIVATION

IN THA LOT\T-COUNTITY.

Bv I{. C. P. Bnr,r,, EsO., C.Cl.S., Ilonorary Secretary.(Read, Februury 1b, 188p.)

ON nearly all that pertains to the g-eneral processnative tillage in this Island, the culious enquirer neecl buconsulb the quaint descripticrn given by Robert Knox in hi((Ilistolical Relation of Oeilon,', or more recent wrinotably Pridham and Campbell,*who have, however, dolittle more than condeuse Knox's accorrnt.*

It is proposed here rather to follow out the pariiculabranch of enquiryiaken up by Mr. R. l[. Ievers, C.0.S., in hiinteresting paper contributed to the Society,s Journal fi1S80, by dealing wiih the superstitious beliefs and practiwhich continue to this day-though, be it noted, with marldiminishing force-to centre rorind and form an infegrapart of the agricultural operations of the Si4hale.. .oltivator.

A record of these semi-religious rites and ceremonies iimportant, not nerely for. purposes of comparisou with thfound cropping up under one form or another all over th

, :r,.lhood uf the wolld' Tire power of sun, moon, and stars

"t'l'i.--,i..d.j'rint,ly with the dreaded spirits of evil-those

lil.*o*o gods," to whose baneful influence is attributed--,1"-^"y chauges and chances incident to daily life-and

lr" f.rr malignant l)uaatdu6rto appease whom resort is had

^ti1" to the priest of Buddha, the KultdQiyd, and the Kapu-

ril,i ',lbatthe ignorant cultivators should themseives be unable

to account for the perfotmance of tirese ceremonies-the

inher.itance of ages-is not surpt'ising; but, though they ale

slowly and sulely dying out with the spread of knowledge,

ihe majority of viiiagels in inland districts attribute the

short crops of the past ferv yeals to their nou*observance

and the waning faith in their efficacy.*

ln no other occupation ale superstitious plactices more

rigorously observed than iu agriculture. This is only

uaturai, when the vital irnportance to the goyiyd, of ensuring

against precarious seasons and f'aiiure of crops is treld inview.

Pnpr,rurNanY OPERATIoNS.

tr'rorn the first commencement of agricultural operationsuntil the harvest is fitly closed by the f'easb of tLanhs-giving to the gods, every stage is urade dependent on theoccurrence of a c'lucky hourr" or, to speak more accuratelv,the position of planets and asterisms at specified moments.

At the outset the astrologer (neh,etrdlri) is interviewedwith the bula,t-qtq, or usual fee of 40 betel leaves and aleaf of tobacco, and asked to name a suitable time to startwork.t

t " Ancl indeed it is sad to consider how this poor people are subjectcdto the devil; and they themselves ackno'wledge it their misery, sayingtheir country is so f'ull of ilevils an<l evil spirits that unless in this mannerthey should adole them, they woulcl be destroyed by them. ,........ If astranger should dislil<e theirrvay, repro\re, or mook at them fbr theirlgnorance and folly, tbey would ackno'wledge the s*me, and laugh at thesuperstitions of their own der.otion; but withai tell you tirat they areconstrained to do what they do to keep themselves from the malice andtrischief that the evil spirits rvoulcl othelwise do them, rviih whicb, thel-say, tlieir country swalns."*Krtox, Oeilc,n, pp. 77, fl3.

i Notc l.

aspirations of the unenlightened goyiyd.The faith of the Sir;halese is a stlange mixture of demo

latry (iucluding the worship of devils ot yahserl| aademi-gods or DduiE6) tempered more or less by Buddhisbut withal showing unmistakeable traces of thal ol(( nature worshipr" .which preceded both, and dates from

world, but as tending to bring out, more thau ought ethe actual, if conf'usecl and undefined, religious ideas ,

* Pridharn, ,, Ceylon and its Dependericies," Vol. I., pp. 862_7,Oampbell, " F)xcursions, &c., in Ce,vlonr" voi. trL, pp. lJ4_48,Knqx " Historical Relatiou cif Ceilon," pp. 7-i l, 1661.

46 JouItNAL, il, A. s. (cnvloN). [\iol' V

I At the appointecl hour, on arriving at the grouud, one

the cultivators, who has the credit of being fortunate, begi

the worlr (purarsadanaud) hy clearing the boundariesjungle with a bill-irook and mamotie (barJaruepiya gahan,

or d(rnarud) ; and at the second lucky hour he and his co

panions go to the field with the required number of buffalo,

hh.ru o* yoked together and driven about the field for tpurpose of trampling clown and destroying weeds and g

and puddling the soil. This is the first mudding (merlauuma); if the fields are dug up by men with udali, thproper term is purun'ho{anauir' : if heltulan' fallowhas to be broken up, oxen are used to plough iL (binnt

/riya). (

The darns are thenltepaired and sloped with mud, ope

ings for the waNer cut (uahhatlaual hapanaud), andclosed at points of exit (aatura bandtt:taad),and the chan

for irrigation (depd ela) cleared,If aL the expiration of five or six weeks from the time

tire first ploughing the grass ancl weeds are not sufficient

decayed, the fields are mudded or plougheil a second ti( cle-mgJaauma ; cle-lti,yrt,) though with less regard to a lu'

hour. In some l(6ral6s a thirtl ploughing (edduma)

fotind uecessary.In the low countrv the fields are usually swampy, n

{0. 26,*1883.] PADDY culrlvArroN crTsrorrs. 4'1

A {'ew da)'s prior to manuring, the fields are trampled by

^," to clush the larger clods (heta pdganat;6); after the

i^1,, rno.tt. has been sprinkled about, it is trociden intoii" -od (mada hqlrul sLnaud), often by boys. 'Ihe liadda

)"""re withio lbur dams) is then levelled and divided inttr

lJ*ttb.,ls (pcitti) by a namoty.

Sowrxc.'When a favourable hour has been ascertainecl, as before,

the cultivator, taking a handful of seed padcly, strews itOver a corner of the li&dda he has raised with mud, and

in the centre of rvhich he plants a lrabq'ral& plant or an

arecanut flower with as many nuts on it as possible.* Tlre

rest of the fielcl is then sown with germinated paddy mixed

with bone dust.t For some clays after the seed has been

sown, and until the paddy piants have attainecl a height ofB to 4 inches, the fielti is bailed nearly dry of u'ater every

morning ; subsequently a few inches of water are allowed

to remain, the openings through the dam being stopped withmucl.

1'o prevenf the young plants suffering from the ravages ofinsect pests, such as ggtapanuu6, kohltanndu6,and goglauillw,

charmed sand or ashes are thrown over the field ai differentstages of the growih of the grain.

This ceremony is perfbrmed by a Kattd{,irdld, at dask.Taking the sand to the field and removing his waistcloth(which he wraps round his head), he proceeds to scatter the

* Note 3.

tSecd pnddy is prepared in the following.manner:-The paddyis put into au earthen or wooden vessel, fuli of water, and allowed tosoakfor g0 lnlyas (36 hours). It is then taken out, strained, and spreadupon a mat colered with ulantain and alecanut lea'ses' More leaves ofthe sume plants ancl anotirer mat are placed over the paddy and keptdown bJ'rveights for 150 piyns (2| days). TLe seetls wlrich arlheretogeihcr ate finally sepalated from each other by gently rubbing betweenthe palms.

.AnotLer way is to keep a bag of paddy in water for 90 piyas, afterslrich it is talren out and coverecl with leaves of the burwlla, lmbarala,and-wereniya cluling the clay, ancl put in water again at nights until thePe(dJ gcr'ru.inates.--See, tr,o, Knox, p. 10.

sitating considerable labour to drain. The day before tseed paddy is sown, a yotumdna* is erected on the bounda

dam (u6lta) at the lowest part of the field, where thechiefly accumulates and can be readily bailed out iutochaunelintencled to carry off the surpius. The bailingon throughout the night, the men whiling away the timesongs.t

* I\'gotu,mdna is generally constructed as follows:-Six bamboos

planted. on the claur, three ot either side and about two yards apartt

as to meet about 8 or 9 I'eet above, and form three crutches. Athese is l*id an arecanut stem, and the whole structure made fast

two extra barnboos supporting the ends' To the arecanut

a,re then suspenclecl as many yoltr'as m'ay be needed for bailing. Tlgolu are elongated canoe-shapecl scoops, about 6 I'eei long by l] in gi

hollowed ou{, of logs, one end of rvhich is to serYe lbr a handle'

f Note 2.

48 JolfRNAL, R. A. s. (onvr,oN). [Yol. VII

sand about the boundaries of the field : then, without a w

to any one, or allowing so much as a quid of betel tolris lips, ]re retires for the night to a deserted house ; otwise the charm will have no eflect.

It is considered advisable to protect the paddy plantthe performance of a separate hema, or charm, as it attaieach of its nine nodes (geta ; puruha), or rises each innode (petta.)x

trYhen there is every prospect of a Yery good crop,

Gar6-t1altun ceremony is resorted to in the hope of wardi

off the baneful influence ofevil-eye (gs-aaha) antl evil-ton(lra.ta-ualra), as Mr. fevers has noted in the Kggallatrict.t ,.

RnlrrNe.Similarly, when the crop is ready for the sickle, a I

hour is named, and the cultivator, after bathing and puttion a clean cloth and eating hiribat,! enters the field, and

the set time cuts three handfuls of ripe ears. These are kapart for l{ataragama Ddutyb on a tree, or post, close to tfield, and at the close of the harvest used in the D6ai.

d6.naya.$ Reaping is tlien commenced in earnest,

and women working jointly and 'rbeguiling their lawith clieering songs.ll The unthreshed paddy is stacked iricks ou cocks (goyan-ltola heti) fteqtently encircled wiyoung cocoanut leaves or jungle cleepers, round, or withithe plob of ground reserved as the threshing-floor (leamata

halauita; p6.uara,)

'InnnsniNc.Two or three da,ys ela,pse before the important business

threshing beg^ins.

* Note 4" f Journal C. A. S., 1880, pp. 47-8.

f Rice puclding made with cocoannt milk and a little salt in adish (ual{iya) and cut or pressed into convenient pieces for eating.

$ " When ye be come into the land rvhich l gir.e unto you, andreap the hanest thereof, then ye shallbring a sheafofthe first fruitsyour harvest unto the priest, antl he shall wave the sheafbefore theto be accepted ftrr yon."-Ler.iticus, xxiii., 10, ll.

ll Note 2.

,,'r - lS,!.1, ] l.lrr-,v ctlLl'IVllIoN cusrol[s. 4!]l\'0.'"'

r,, rlre frpPil,r'ation of tlrc /t*mo'ta, sorupttious a,ttention is

,,"Ur'ru uriuutc tletai[.r, which valy collsitlera,bly in differentl.),' .1 r'trlI5.

"'io^tn. 11.rr;'igam li<trral6, before the sheaves are reurovetL

n.,,m tlre i'ichs, five, severl) or nine large rnals (rndgal),

"l,n,,t + feet 6 inches bv 25 feet, are spread oD the gronnti,

l*..1 tl,rce cuncctrll'ic cir:cles tracettr lpon thern rvith aslie,.r-"'

t,.rltt/,n;t 7;r,,.!lnrt;,i') Two sli'aighL liles biscct the circles ab

"i,:l,t an.lies, Il. to \V. and N. to S., aud lvirhin each segmcrrt

,,itl,. iuu.turost circle axe dla,wn repr:esentat'ions ofl fbrrr

agricuifural inrplemenLs r ttiz., p6rztu1, or sclapel"r tleti"'goyiyu

oi lriLch-i'ork , /tu|,la or wiirnorving basliet, and a, ldLu weu."

$1r.c. lDiasram trro. 1.1 At the centre of, the figule is

plr,ce,l tire nutta. This consists of a large concli sirellt (rviiir"seven

i.,,ints. rvhenever procutable), into rvhich are stulfed a

liit,le gold (bearis, &c.), silver, copper, brass, iron, asltcs,

co',i'dnng, a J'ali florver (rcuraltii-mala), anc1, if obta,inabie, a"

17otiyt,rtu'i-or clot of hail which celtain bullochs ale sup-poserl to vtturit-rt'rapped together iu v'hit,e rag. A smallerconch serves as stopper to lieep all irr; afier: which bot,ltsliclls a,re further covered wit,\ tolabl leaves, hiressa, untltlrr"ee slreaves (up1tidi,) of patldy, and tied intr.r a i.runrlie rvitirt' ttr au &- mo,c!,u-rrl c leeper.

At, the ir:lcliy irour, a gcyi,.yti,, reputetl forlunate, placing ashea['of corn orr his Irearl ivallis thrice sc.,lernnly rountl tlitrmutto,bowing towa,rds ib each tinre at thc four cotncrs of thetrtats" Then, looliing in the direction fixed by the asLroloptr:rwith rel'erence to the nclratu,, he deposiis it upon tite,liu..ilLt,antl thrice salutes ii with joined palms. Aftc:r this, Llrecorn is bloLrg"hr in bv tlr e resb and spr:ead oul, on t;he ura,i,::,rounil ard r-rver. the ntzr,tta, the ears pointing up,nards. Six,or souetimes seven, bulloclqs yohed rvith t,opes in ti,l't 1ot,s,&I'e now driven over the corn rountl tltte nautta. untii all istouglrly tramliled out.

i\ urrerrrony tenneel d.r1,{,u-harananri is next perlfrriretl.TI:c cliief joy;yd ,n tlie htnnata taiiing ctgpi-goyigru Il,;,s it

r\ otc i.

*..1 ['urreh shul]s ma1,bc t.omnrorrly uoficeri ou the nlcl:s ot'LLLllouiis a,

'{rri:l.i:ll :rlt,ill::t llte t,il\\,r,t.r uJ t.S:l(i

50 J.)IiRNAL, R. A. s. (cnvr,ri.-)' l\:ol. \:ll t. "6..-lES3.] PADDY cuLrIvATroN ousrolus.

r\0'--&cross the back of his neck, rvith some sbraw hanging fro

51

basa), tbe otber two fbllowing hirn. At the corupleti

of the seventh tound, the three shout in chorus the last t'

its cnds, and two other cultivators do the same with sticks

llhe leader then walks seven times round the corn whi

the bullocks are in motion, repeating tlris refrain (goyi

,1.^ .eotte. Inside this hole are ananged seven diui-had,ur"tt

l::"";r, arrd upon them is placed either a small nrargosa-woorl

L',]"f.'f koltomba-lillal 3 by 4 inches (on which two circles

l^'.rptLrrot sun and moon have been descrilrcd), with a knot

lf- h'orot* creeper (horasa-get|), a pointed conch shell

rt atu-/raftllediya), and a stone-orr rnol'e commonly, outline

)onresentations in ashes of these articles and of a scraper' (p' i r uu a), fll'il ( d gt i' g oy iy a )' Itr oom (b o latta), m eas ure (y ti la -

,o,ti,/o), unclural and Buddha's foot (Bud'u-sri-putula).'lDiLgram No' 2'l' ,I'5e cultivator at the fixed time looking towards the field

fronr rvhich the paddy was reaped, and reciting lhe iv*aua-

qutle-q(itliro-a, walks with sorne corn on his head seven tinres

r,1und tlie aralrcala, and, once more looking at the fieldt,laces the corn into the hole. The whole of the corn js

il,en put onto the ltamata, and some six pairs of bullr-rcks

driven over it. \Yithin a short time the coro on the bordersofthe tirreshing-floor is tossed onto the centre heap with thedali-goyiya, the bullocks made to trample it, aud the sttarv(uata- lr e du- m9 {uu an) th rown outside th e ha mata.

Of the corn that remains unthreshed, two-thirds areseparated and winnowed (hal6binaad.) and again thrownnnder the bullocks' feet, and the resulting straw (rnaha-ntg{,uuan) removed as before.

The rest of the corn is once more tosseil about,.winnowed,and ruaiie into aheap, overwhicb the bullocks are a third timedriverr, ancl the straw (goyih,amt-mgduoan) finally cast asitle.

Tlre paddy is then collected (rdlti-karanaud) into the heap(ui-oarttua) ready to be measured.

To return to the Kalutara District. At the conclusion ofLhe (utdu-heri?n a cerenlony-during.wh ich the bullock-driversrun.the lisk ofl getting a sound lap on the head with thea.eh-goyiya should they forgetfully shoul to their animals1a7t(u/terati yatmui)-the threshecl corn is piled il heaps&t tLe li,rrr

"L.n.r. of the mats, and the men-begin to win-

no.w ( huidltrinautfi:1 Lhe seed ( beta) fi.om the stuaw (mgcluaan)"Yery tlme the nreu stoop to remove the grain from theof,raw ( m,?d,tt'an-hqt'anaa(r) or to sweep the paddy towards',.'t-u tuutl4 ( boleli-uonqri) t,hey bow in adoration of the cornltcrtlr in r h"

"r,rrt.r.l,.

words :-qd S,4 apgeo E.6eQeo@:rJ o.6ror gttsoal:d qd ozs:oaO c,6ndSC: coiO oqOO dinq ortordiir qrid.d q,6 6Q qr.6SdsJ qzorael:r} Ad::l 6tq13O oro:g agr0r cide^6Sogf oOco6j a:q oOdoC OgCcJoqf Ogo0rOoq'i

edlOrooqi ggcBco @g oqg:oo9 @g Ou:or

qrdJfl,916'!Deti deti hum.anu dgtiSanta,nalin genlt deti-Kos dr:ti kosum,ba dgtiKatupila geta dem'ala nihada ltol',lti detiIlau dgt'i ridi detiEran dette'n. eru.n uAulata h'ola saldbd puraaatiEgal tnegal tn,d'a merrtgal malarund6 nt'alabaQadi

parur,urt,tadd mtt,lagiya mula denoge rnala wassd.

A,ldtt, At'dn.

.Deti. wbat deti?/)efi trrouglrt fronr Aclarn's Peak.Kos dcti, hosamba dgl'i,Kcr,tupila. geta.. demuta, ri,ikudtt,Kobbi deti.Gold deti, silver deri..\Yith these goklen dgti toss ihe coru aud frll tlie

centre.O dead calf of the dead cow. are you sturdy as thisrock'

that rock, or Meru rock, or like dead gold, a

(tree), or mountail ?

Peace ! Peace l*

In the Si.yanf li6ra16 the procedure differs slightly.s{tlu,n or tris&lu is iutroiluced rnore frequently iuto the digram drawu on the hamata, and a hole (arulnala) dag

I Note 6,

.roIrl,iAL, Il' '\. $" (crrt,lN)' IVoi' Vltr

lVherr ajrotrt three-foutthg c,f tlre Oorn iS reduced to grai

a,ll the ears of oornr except t'hose on them'utta',axe talien (

the heap, separateti fi'om the grains (scatieled round), sprea

uot, a,oi thieslred as before (aa.ta-nelarzaud") Ai'ter the gra'i

h,rs b.e" thresheci out of t'his, and tire stra'w put aside, t

t)n e ('1t a,l la1 t e I I *.n q'ru ti )lteanwhile a c,rrlt,ival'ol'pref&r€s t'hc amlthetl,* a lvhisp

strau, six inches lon;1 n,nrl of the thichness of the wrist, i

-"Elrich are encloseil aftw seetl-q of pa,ddy, some ashes, a sc

of the bulioch horns. n. hnir or two from their foreheads

l,ails, a liitle tlung of the trvo bullock9 moying immedia

,"on11 tl.t,, mrttta,o.lrit of tlte rope ;'oking thern, and chips

tire ilriver's roc'[, of tlte dcti"'goyiya and p6rurua'

After all the grain iias been fleed from strawr the chi

goyiyd steps intolhe centre cf the paqry and stands on t''iitt'io, nliitst tire others pile thc padgl round him kn

deep, covering tire heap with a rnat, and hand up to hiur

o*iirrt6. IIe clranges it from o'e land to the other rotr

his legs, repeating each of the f'tllowing lines three tin

.' .. t;r\,;.1 t.rt'lt''' i-'l'J,ft1',1'l'lUN I't'i'1('\!s.,11,

Iha,lrt ucIi tihcu,tt bttrt,t

Pt,halu' teli tibena betrt,t

-1 {,u ^ lto t t'r -t a.l,a t ib e rur, b e tatI! du, purtt uurt rui lutzittttttlrt "

() .i1\'1re t grain-cot:i< \ t) tctnbili-|tuecl oxetr I

L,lncc crecPer (yokcs) on (tireir) Leads'

!4ly thc prridy in tlre uppcr fields--"Iiire pultly in the lorvcr Jieltls-1.'hc p:ltlly iu lofts arid bams-

i:lr: 11r'arvl to fil.l this l&matu,

As high ls Mccca's sacretl lbot,

-rls high as Strmtlnai:l's sacretl fbot !

'N,,'

ancl at the encl jumps down backlr'ards :-q Or aslOq o'.5], cJr$1flero0r pga: oerdJi6fOannO 88 e-":q 6aOerOrng 85 mrq 6,eoO

gog oOoSf 6s',0sr 6rmsfce,rg o,Oogf Zaoaal 0r6ritjqpoal: Pery,6oOel Ozz!-'J

qrQ ECOrJ oO oOenO

A nzdfr eta da g o nt'enzbili

?ttbti mudurtrt' nnha,ra welMct ltha m a .Qiri,p ri rla us ataSama'na,{a Bi'riPdda wsala

* I]nknorvn in the $i1'el6 Iitira,l6. Grass sotis tulnecl up ining are trrtnctl unilintli':!t|'

Ashes are given hirn at orce and witl-r them he lays threc

lirres, one allove another, ronnd the g|aiD. 'I-rvo other culti-

vators next join him in pla'cing five or six erlpty bags a-piece,

iD0uths in fi'ont, on their heads, and walli thlice round tbe

rrir,iitlr-, bowiDg to it each time at the I'our corners of tlre'ur,,ts.' Ttvo or tltlce men then cautiouslv open just' enough

of the mlt coveriug tire paddy heap to allou' of their hands

lreing int,roduceLl, antl brishly filI the bags which are lianded

to tlreur fi'om behind. I{eanw}rile tire principal goyiyd

remains kneeling oD the opposite side with his fore-iread

resting on the graiu, auci repeats tb'e Nauagttlta-gdtildn;a :*gr3 8oe: soOr Edo. toOO: erOQoE:8*3Q66t ecO:o::'.tns pcso€Dr og:zsr Ecgglavoo,5 gCeoCOO erd3 rlalc o{OOo:l',roreo" @oOc eccoO:5.

fti Ttiso bl'trtgauri uro'ltat1 scrntmd srtnln'dtllt'ot:ijj d'ck'arctna sanlpdnna sutJato lokcr' tvidu'

il nltt t (7 1" o p ttr u s ct d I t a nt'nt tr' s dr a t / Li' s tt t t h d' d e u tt'

manussdnary IJ wtldho blta g aatiti'

l,o I r,hllt ]llessed onc is sa[ctified, is full,v cnlightcncti, endorve d

rvith linol.leclge antl conduot, the Auspicious Ortc, acqullil{cdwitli the rvorl.l, the u'ri'alied trai'cr of tlre lnmat stcer, tireIlstructor of gocls and men, t,ho Wise One, the Iiloly'

SileDce is strictly enjoinecl throughout the performance oft\'e cun,(,ltr,ti cereilolrv unt'il tlrc lratltlr' ILas llecn puL i'lobngs, ali .r,e q..rirerueois I'eing iutl icrltr ,.1

.l,r r'oLions c'f hctrcl

auci hrritl"

r

l*.l Jourilial,. R. A. $. (crrr,ox1. [Yol. VIII

Indeetl, little Iicence is permittecl inside the limits of thha'm(rta frorn the comurencement of threshing operations.is unseemly to stand on ene leg or to place the hand undthe chin, whilst the presence of certain persons a,nd articof food is absolutely tabooed. Any one who may haveof meat or fish which is held unclean-names ending in raare impure-is not admitted : nor are (unless after bathiaud putting on clean clothes) pelsons who bave attended{uneral or come from an (( unclean house." After threshihas once commenced, womeu are prohibiied from enterin[bhe threshing floor altogether.

The tabu extends even to the words employed at thethreshing-floor. All terms conveving a, negative or unluckvsense are discarded, and, a thrtiyi, the names of Ya/tsey6uever breathed.

l'[r. Leverq has alreacly drawn attention to the strangecouventioualism adopted by Sir.rhalese cultivators of substi-1;uting an odd shibboleth for the ordiuary colloquial tall< ofeveryday life.

'Ihis goyibasn or threshing-floor speech, as might bee-xpected, varies in different localities. A con:parative listis appended ef some of the words in use in the KdgallaI)istrict, the Rayigam and Siyane I(6ral6s of the WesternProvince, and a portion of the Gtr,lle llistrict, which,however incomplete. may serve as a nncleus for furtheriuvestigatit.rn into this blanch of the sulrject.*

If threshing is done by men (rnittissunnen pdganaud)a h,atura is erected. This construction consists of fbur poles,placed so as to form two crutches, across which anotherpole (pduara-liya) is laid horizontally, chest high. Matsare spread underneath, and the corn from the heap graduallytrodden out by men, who hold orr to the cross pole fr<-,neither side to make greater play with their f'eeb.

When all the grain has been threshed, the mats are takenup and the bags covered with straw to protect them fronrrain. The paddy is wilnowed ( ltula,n-harq,nand or gaha.narud) finally a day or two days afterwardu and dried frirtwo or three days mol"e as required.

.. -n --133;i.-l pADlly (Ut,TtVATION OL;ST{)IIS, 5l:(,q6.'lv'" '

I'lnesunlrqc eNn SlonrNc.

,r,6en fullows the measuring of the paddy, which in soure

,,.ir;rt, at least is carried out with equal superstitious

i^",rrntnoro.ss of detail. A mat is first laid on the ground,

l"",i', f*tgt piclietl-i-'ag of paddy (paturzt malla) placed on

,i '"0,t

ro".r.d with one end of the rnat. The person about to

,".*ror. t,lre grain hows thrice to the l-rag, and tltrice moves

,1.r" U/to uleastlre, hottom upwartls, round his legs ; then,

,,r..riug it lretween his body and the bag, he rapidly places

il,, fiog.ru of one hand over those of the other upon the

bottonl of tire measure three titnes, and turns it again round

the legs thrice every third time the hands are shifted.*

After this he sits down on the mat, tilts tlre bag over towards

him, and after saluting it thrice proceeds to measure"

The cultivators of some part of the Galle District, be1'ore

rxoceeding to measure the patldv, consider it essential to,lrol0 oo the heap with both the palms a rough replesenta-tion of tbe trisilla, or trident, the signification of whichthey rlo not prol'css to rrnderstand.t. The paridy is talien home ab anotber lucky hour. Therethe seed paddy is first, dlied in the sun, and put up in bagsof 12 or' 15 ltu,runi each. The re-st of the paddy is similarlvtreated, except the portion-a lq,ltaor two-set apart for thegods (qlr,udla; 1)tuiyanni ai)t at the threshing-floor, whichis so dealt rvith lasl. At a lirlther lucliy hour the bags ofseetl paddy ale fir'st secured in the loft, and af'telwarils the

* Io the rvolll-wide prevalence ofthis (, mysterious practice of touch-ins objccts to bafHc the evil chance," tbe Si+haicsc g oyigti antl the 'l'amilol X{oor eocily ar"e no lcss witncsscs, r'hcn ignora.ntly striking tlrc kiha,tr tLe bushel .b{)x, }vith r,pen }rnnd bcf"rrle rneasuriue grair,, than wasliolalty ic,nre centrrlics l-rack by nssenting to toucli frrr ., the liing'sel ll

l'L'he tris{rla, Shiva's emblern (especially common in Coorg at placcscuunectctl l.ith superstition), clcnotes that the tlrree gr.eat attributes oftl'eiltor, Destroyer', antt ltegencrator ale combinecl in him.

.^ 1 " There is yet another dueochgaul, which belongs to their gods, antl's an o{ieriug sornetirncs calricd away try the pric.sts, and sometirnesItrcy bestorv it rrpon tLe beggars, and sornetimes thcy rvill take it and{4rrg lL ul) il lheir houses, and n.t convenient time sacrifice it thern-)'l::. t, is oue of their ureasures, rvhich is about hall'a peck."-Kuox,P.101_:l

.Note 7.

necessilj'.The Satigha-din6 or alnrsgivine to 13udttrhist priests, al

pi'ecetles or ftill,.rrr's the New lf,ice l"east according to trcligious {'et'vour of the gry'g/6 donor't

Timely inLimation of the day appointerl for '(eatingnew rice" (alut-bu't-ltlwtal is given to friends and relati

it6 J(iIITtNAl,, li' '!' s" (cilvt,iiu)' 1\rol' \'II

l'etnilintler', leru'ing snlli<licnt {irr l}ie }i'eu' liitltl }-east (a'

!trt,t-/irtmr't,) 'l\c [)t:t:iyctttnl ai rs sf irt'ecl in a si:pat'ate palb

tlre lr-rft. lfttntrus arc occasiontrll)' resorted to fr-rr the p

selvation of'the paddy from rats.

A 1,u'r-134t - I(P,",r4.

\Vhere, as is too frequentlv t'he cn'se, the cnltivators

por-,r and in r,vant c,f'f,ootl, the Dtu'itlanni-tlt|rtat1a, or o{feri

il'tl-," first-fi'uits of tLe irarvest to tire gods* is clefet'r

rrntil after the Nerv liice Fea-qt, though such action

generally admiiiecl to be irregtrlar and ouly justifietl

I aR -i:S3.] TADDY CULTIYATION cusronls' 5I

N,t'-"'; {,rr a, succeecling ceremony' Rdlahd'mi-lticli'ma ot:

rcset'/ctL-t,',",')-nidi,mrc, The other two portions, after beingI@'t-11i.;';,",;-rir the suu on clean mats, are huskecl by aboutagl'n^':,'.,n-.n, wlro have putified tlremselves by bat,lring

" tl"1-:l;*;'; o. clean cloths (pirunuta') The rice is then

^"1 l1:'i;;os ancl kept in the cltin6'peta or cadjan covererl

r.tt "i;-,i ivLictrr is eiected opposite the space where t'ire

4tt:::;;i- to pei'form. Iusicle foe pela are also placetl

lit'li*o.",',t v&ctables brought by those att'ending theti',:, ;;;; a health r:oughly buiit fot cooking' The l(apur{la":'.'.::;,'.,,*to Le goL ready for him 5c sticlis, 6 young cocoanrtb

l:.::;;;. 4 arlcliaLrut flowers, 6 young cocoanuts (gobalu)'a

Y:i-,;" n{ t:ulltiliLre. 2 clean cloths for each man, 50 torches,

::i;;";;" (,1iiti-Li{tala), and 5 chatties-a hotal6, a smail

i),r;i,o. aLrtl tlrree ftalagedi' A boy is sent ahead to erect a

rr"ii tft.A ( Iiltltm;a ; ltoraturua ; nut'l-pelu ; paltan-pela),

,arr".a wibh young cocoanut leaves, flowers, and encircling

larnPs.o'*On alriving in the evening with three or four assistants,

the 1(apirlri'la, first places his box of bangles (cl'eyiran-ft'ara1z-

rlun'a) ol trvo cliails cleansed wilh saffron watert and coverecl

witlr a wlrite clo{ h.

Tlren tlie 7t6-bat meal, consisting of untasted rice and

vegetal-rle curries, is served, and the Kapulir'la with tlieoilier persons assembied thele sib on mats and proceed toeat from plantain leavesr after the l(apuriila has invokecl

tlre gocls' blessing (yiga-haranan-ti ) and lirsl tasted the ftrod.

Dinnei concluded, fbur or five wornen, dressed iu clea,n

cloths, repair to the clfrn|ltela and begin cooking, while tircKapurtl,tra,, t5'ing a clotli roultrd his heaci, enters f,he treal''1t9la ancl malies obeisance td' the red cloth arlas eri:bt'oi-c.lerecl wit]r representations of t'leities, and takiug a tont-tonl

on the day itself su{'ficierit pacld;' having been previous

r.lrieil and husliecl, first by pounding o11 an ox ol elk hi(ui kotatrciai) antl finalLy in the usttal wooden mortar (

X.rct/tinaai), tLre resulting rice is coc,trteti, as well as vegetair

l,nd fish, rtone of rvhich may lie tasted during preparati'

'l'he lucli)' moment for commencing to eat is narked 1.'y

chief rna,n o{'ttrre liouse tasting t}re fooil; after whic}r 1r e serv

.those assenrbled aucl seated, with rice and curries u

plautain leaves..DnvrvaNN1r-D,{.Nava.

To name a suitable day for the l)[uiEann6-c]drz6, the fin houor of'the gocls, a l(apurdlfr, or Pattinihrimi is called i

{Jlion the set tlay tlte house is well cleansed ancl tlre lJlyann6-ui talien out, divideri into three portions, one of which

x (iolls.pondilg rvith the o Sing -t]oug-a' of' ccrttin Ifill l'ribesIndia. " It is solcrlnised in August when the gord rice lipens, atrtl

the sacliiice is couriilcte the nerv rice ntust not be eatcu. 'lhe offeri

in addilion to ::ice is a rvhiie coel<. 'I'Lis is a thanks-ofli:r'ing tr-r tOrcaLor antl Itresell.cr. It is callctl t.iuurtr:r,r'trar'urtcl ccinsidetedgrclt intlrortlLtrt,"

'flre closc siurilarity bctween the Sighrrlesc goyigti's ollcrilgs ands*clificcs cl.joinccl upon tLe Jsraelites :rt han'est tirue by the Leviiilarv rvill lst fail to Lre rerrra.r'kcd iu thc cusling Cc:rr:r'ir,li,,l uf thcr

yutistd tltitti,

J'l,ote u

. * " \f lrrn they rv,rrslu'p bhose 'wlrom they call <levils, many of whonr

thcy Loi,i to Lu spitils ,f sorue tlrat clietl heretofore, they rneke rourrv:cs thr tl,cur, rs tliey tlici for thc planets; Lut onl.r briild a ncwhonss i;',hcir.' ylril, like r barn, r.er:y slight, covered ouly nith leaves,[]r'l adolrr it witlL bi'rrri:hcs and 1lolqers." (Iinox, p. 77.) IIe acltls

,t]'lt " r;"t,,,0[r" ti'c placc{ 6u ,!sboo]s a[ ouc clrtl r-rf ihe l-ir-ruee, wLichl\ 1'rr11'p1l rvitlr ri,,t,L li,r,rl,al l)rrp.,se."

t Sce U. A. -s" Jor.rrn. lB.jj-6, p. f "8. nole (+).

58 JotTuNAL, R. A. s. (cur*l,ttx). [\'t,1. VII ..r.^ 2A,- t55.t.l PADDY cUL'I'IVA'-['IO-N UUS'|OMS. OU

( wle Ihirltr,) an(l (lanuiog in front of the seated house-inma(fituray6) recites soogs (y(ic/'ini) in honor of PattiniIiatataglt,rua Devir'6 *'

I{aving continued this performance for some time, tKapuriila calls for a pe f idan'tarJa or pingo of tbree neli rsix cocoauuts, a btrnch of plantains, a pumpkin, and aof chiilies (miris-mula), and srnoliing it rvith(resin) incense,t places it in front of the fgured cu

insitle themalygla. Again ciranting awlrile, he has brougto hirn sorne untasted oi1 in an atecanut lea,f c;..ne (qotcoyered with aclean cloth, which, after perfurning, he pour

into one of the lamps (scoopetl oub of half papaw fruitstLre Mo,duptn"cryi, an assistant, anci hung round the prliglrts tlLe rvick and bids the 6tlray6 light the rest. Wtlris is done, anrl }ie has recited :l;orc y(t.dinl, tlie Kapurritlesires them to bring their pandaru, or money offerinwhich ate sprinkled with sa{fron watet, saluteddeposited with the tuda. l{ext, t}re l(a'purila, still sinEicovers liimself entire);', except the face, with a red clothopens the box contairiing tire deyh'on; then washing hirn.nds, and perfuming the bangles, puts them on his wrianrl begins io janggle them (lrolarrpdruddenaru(t), frnallappeaiing to the dturayS to offer Lhern pa'y,rJuru.

Contiriuing liis chant, tlie Kapurila drives a stake intoground togetlier with a piece of a plantain stalk to which h

a,ffixes twelve torches at the bottom, and puts some cocoa

refuseroundthefooi. Then talringthree betel ieaveslie hothem over the lighted torches, rubs then on the headst\e 6htray6, and tosses them once or thrice into the aiiIf the majority of the leaves fall face upwards, it is looupon as a good ouren ; if oiherwise, the gods are not satis( Deui-d6sa).\ Subsequently two additioral six'huruniof pacldy with two cocoanuts in each are placed nearclrair on rvhich lhe ha,lan box stands. The l(apurd,lamencing liis incautations, separately ties to three pieces

cocoanut stalk, a cocoanut flc,wer and a pair of youngnuts,anddirects the dtura,y6 to touchthem ; after wirich

t Note 9. j- Sec C. A, S, Journ. 1865*6 p. 62, note.

f Cf. 1Ir'. I'ow]cr''s ae couut oI'tLe I'anilihans' siLnilar cer,emony,p. 15"

-";rzs them three times round the deyiran box, anil ends by

'11'-i;"o them in the earth in a line, exclaiming " Bo/ti biPll."r')."ir,';,t',wri !" ( Mayitbe (aharvest) of greati:lenty!t"oiii"'1:,ltf * At the s&1ne momenr the fuladupurayd breaks

1"1,,.,,*not wittr a bill-hook (oana-tleuiyan-gah.anaud)'

bo., rot. t\e itut'o.y6 are invited to coutribute pan'duru

r^r tlre r(tryrran.'"Tt,. oigltt is genelally well advanced before the above

,;res are carriecl thrtlugh. \\then dawn is approaching, tlieiil",o.,il" turns his at'tention to the last ceremony preceding

ii,l'"rt"*t feasting, hnown as hiri-itiraai,ttta, or c'causing

,itt. to oveLflow." Entering I'he paltatt-1'tgla )re ties a,piece

of white cloth over liis rnouth, and places tltree nerv cla;' pots

ou three ';iilisyJrettle' supports i n a ro w. lnto the potshe puts

sulrc rice rvibh water, and liinclles a fire under each, fanning

lh. floo,d., but taking ca,re not to blow the fire rvii,h his mouth.

As sor-rn as the water boils he poul's in untzr,sted cocoanut

rnilli and allows the whole to boil over' I\'Iuch rveight is

attached to the direction torvartls nhioh the scum runs over,

as on it is believeti to hang the cultivatols'fortune for the

ensuing ;'ear. If it fall Eastwards or Soutlrwards all will be

well (ntltlta) ; if to tbe West or Nor:th it poltencls the form of

ill-lrrclr, called respectively Deui-d1sa and Yu'h-tl6sa' The

bcilecl nilk is then poured irrto auother cha,lt;, antl tireftturaq| splinkled with it by the l{apur61a, whilsl, chaulingsonrething rnore.t

lfcanrvhild, during the night women have been cookingf\e tlin6-a meal differing in soue respects from that con-

* Jttsb as many arl old orchardist irl the cider di'qtricts c'f Devotr anii

Oollri'a,ll n'il1 dlink to his rppte tlees on the cvc of llpiliLany some sttclr

toast ts tlris. (Notcs atrl Qrrcrics, Vol. 6, Znd Scrics):-

" ltrcle's to t1lce, old alrirle tr:cc I

\\ihcncc thou rnay'st butl, anti wltctrce tlton uray'sN blolv,

-A.trtl rvhertce thou rnay'st bear appkrs cnolv !

Ilats full,*-caPs {'ull !

lJnsltelg full,-saoits f'ull !

.A.nd rrry pockcts full!IIozzat"

.lli, h,'t, lttlt,i, hitltl(ttti, -Deil.ytrnrti Ttihilttyi / is a courtiti.t. liigii'rlt'lt('Jilj rllitIur v Irlr. or' Irlt'r'crIirrg :rt,l rrrrdct rnltitrg.

* r''

iltliO (),

6160 J()uuNAL, n. A. s. (ouvl,oN)" [Vo]. YII .. qn.--1ss3.l r-trrnv uuLt'IyATIoN ct-lsrorrs.1\()'-

rtila, or an assistanl,, places not far: rtff a qotttucu (which h

has fillecl with a litt,ie of each kind of food provided) upo

sutiled a,f ihe subsequent feast' which closcs Rdlaltitmi-pidtLu

a,ntl consistiog ln.t.1y of untasted rice arid vegetable curri

lti,ri-talapc," anil the inevitable betel' Auyihing frihaving .p..;ut attrraction ftir the Ycthsay6, flesh aud ca'kes t

st,iiuted t,wo got'u placed oue.a,bove the other on the sa

frarue, sorue space apart-th6 ripper for the celestial bein

inva,riabl-v exr:luded from the gods' d&'t26.

lVheu all is in readiness for the feasting itselt the lia

a three-ctoss-stick stand, a,nd a chair covered rvith a ciea

wlrite cloth (etiritla) on rvhich is put a plarttaiu leaf wi

a, siurila'- offering, ltatlqlurtt, a quitl of beiei, and rnay be

rfieroot.Sc.rnetimes for the single gott"r'oa and chair tatluua, ate s\

. Lano t.,f crops and cattle, rvhose goocl u'ill it, is essentialiltc I1''^..o"

lri' a spccial snclificc.*t"Xjii.",t,# r.1..t.,1, four or'. mor"e womelr, after bathiug

--)'i,*rri,,g in clean cloths, husl< the padd,v previously sel

1l]".ir.t this ditft, as before. TVhen weli beateu out they

li",ru ;t in a room, rvliich ha,s been tholo-rrghly cleansecl, ancL

l"i,rr., the I(apun'ii sumrnoned to olficiate, vho, filiing a'"r,r^11y

1n,:mltiliyr,) with the rice a,ntl nruttr,ering some incan-

ir,tiornl, lian,ls it over to the rvouien. In the same roorn is

.olt.rteA the lest of the food inte nc.led to be consumetl at the

feast-e.S'.: otfl,Ir[fes, sug&l'-cane, toddy, arrack, opium, {ish

a'11 nreat, str,lt, rnilk, hone5', vegetalllcs, biscuit.s, cocoanuts,

arrd tlrree liincls of' plantains (as ratnanr,6lu, 1til,u1tla, anc-

hurtnatuz6rtQ 'Sorrg cf'the women-coolis pouud the rice to flour, extract

oil, aud fiy cakes, seven of rvhicli they put into each of thleebags. Others are ernployed in coolting t'he cllt,n{, for whichai.e lequired, in addition to the calies, tliree chatties of boiledrice (eaclr containing three ou:li)f and seven curries rnade

with seven clifferent liinds of vegetables. IXi'erything shouidnot only be untasted, but prepared without so much asblowing tlie flre rvith the mouth.

\\rliilst the cooking is proceeding, the Kapur/r,la constructsa slrelf Qlr.thauc) waist-high, and over it a cloth canopyatlornecl'i,vilh florn'els. The cor-'king over, and ail being ready,the Kapurilla, tying; a piece of rvhlte ciotJr ao:oss his urouth"enters the roorl. IJpon the clean white ctroth spread overt\e yaltana he arranges five plantain leaves, and on thefloor he lays a mat with a white cloi,h, and puts two otherplantain leaves thele; lastiy, he uses a chair as amal-{tulat-tcLttutafi. The dishes as cool<ecl are placed in a line, the fir'stchatty nearest to the shel! and so on. Tlie tr(apulrila putssome boiled rice into a rzimbiliya, and" f}om it, deposits alitble on each plantain leaf three times" "[\riih a cocoanub-

rrrythology.The gods are now considered to

jusl dues, antl nothing remainsmcal.

tlre lorver tlor Xfu'ltihdtztdud tbe f'emale Atlas of A'ry

have received ali thbut to partake of th

trrirst, all the r'vomen wlio have prepared Nhe ddrzd

sprirrkiecl wil,h salTron rvater, and atotrement made to tligods liv the Kapuwd for any fauit they Irra;r 121o. unwittinglcoinmitted. 'tr'he Kapurd,la and the rest of the persons the

sib down and proceed to eat, after the ftirmer has blessecl tfood witir an incantation and tasted it. The rreal over, th

Kapurd,la aud his nssistant carr.y away the food and

qLuru collected since the evening.t

R't r,,q.n,i mr-PIDiMA.

$orne days-at least three-elapse before lhe lldTticlinz*, or ceremony aud f'east to propitiate l{osganza

* A. kinil of ctstard pudding made of rice fiour, cocoanut milk,honey, boiled to some consistelcy, and eaten lrith rice as srveetmeat.

f " Ancl all tha.t tirne oI'the sacrif;ce there is drumming, piping, sr

ing, antl duucing; which being encled, they take the victuals awayrgive it to those 'lvhich drum antl pipe, witir otircr bcggars and laqlbr only such clo eat of their saclifices; not tLat they do account su

things Lallolved, ancl so dale not,presume to eat them ; but contrariwthey aro uovr lookctl npon as polluted neat, and, if they should atterto eat thcrcof, it rvouid irc a reproach to them ancl thcir generations,"

* Note 10,

.-t ^{f,i- is thc nnrnl,rel rsual in the Galle District. In thc llayigain

ultrt siyan6 l(ti'ali-*, ser-c* chatties of rice are pr"or.iclctl, a,rc1 se"eri plan-

[ll" lt in t]rc hitcr' 1itir.a16 the pounding o{'t}rc ptclci,v is clone by trvo

,r.,,1r".1".U l{ttllurutr6, lvhti havc to purifi, thcrlselves bc{brc criur-

I'(nox, p. 77.

62 JoullNAr', x' A' s. (cnrr,,r). [\-u]' \'lllNo.3{i. -lSl3.l I'ADDY our,'lrl\/A'i'toN ousl'or{s" (iB

+^ f'e Loour, "n,l *t iris bidding the house innratcs offerii,ni, ,,n,.,,.t,,r'zz, fl,nd are splinkled with the holy saffron

Llri*,'*o rvell as_-the women 'lvho have prepared Lhe clini.l.inrll.vr the Kapurdla talring some du,rnmala (resin),

,,lr*ror* ii with a ltepa-/tarirza-rnantra ancl perfumes tliewl,ole ui' the 1i,o,l about to be partalien. Those a,qsembletl

tScn seat thernselves on mats in a row, and do justice to tlieviau..is, on li'ivaiting for the Ilapurella to first taste something.The mul-l.,ulat-tat.luuu and the seven plantain lcaf offcringsare pla,ced at a little distance fr:om the house-left for clolssncl crorvs, into 'lr,hom it is considered has enteretl tbe diitior percePtion of the )lthsay6.

As tlrouglr the superstitious rites of tbe Dcuiryutuul-rldnar1n

nn,l .1,-,i./,,/,,i ,,1i-pir'/ima wet'e nt,I suilicielrb " ri,olo ,,n l.lreirfcrsts c,f charitr'," the SiShales e goyigdtoo frequentl;, rcsortto furthel rlevil ccremonies suclr as -I)e,uol-nztttlu, Gam-ntadu,,wirich ncetl not be tlescribed at length here, not l_,eing inti-nraiel.y conuected with lhe subjbct in hn,nd.x-

shell spoon he then mixcs in lhe nimbilit'1o a. litlle

each of the seven cuuies taken thrice' thrts tlltTllg.ll;;;;";;,";;i; i* aclis to the seven rice heaps' perfumin

tlrem arrtl muttering mantras (kepaltaratsaud). o:l^tli"-* trcirttee cake iags, antL after incensing thern puts

the cakes (one frtim etch in turn)-on to the ttl"t1] 1:,1

ff#"?;ii'1*. ptuotain bunches'from each of whic

J*.o ir..it, are iahen ; a liLtle ltirijja (lTil:d""":?*"1.*ll;;;;t;i;g' after the oil is shirnmta o1T; is fulther add

ii; .. cieisert"-the o'anges, biscuit''s, $t'-l: .l-:]::::iilJ "."* "r,

,ir. *r*ir, ir'u iaytiya dis', so that any dem

gn.f or deniotr uray hcip Linlself at p]ti::lt^^,. ^r, r. T{thao!' t)u uI u!ruvrr

o_

Tlris clnrre, tlre tr'a1'urila rnakqs a colre-l)oltch ( Iiol''c'ri

:trir"'.l ".ti ir a planiaiu t.:utlofr.]'-t',t'll i ;t."," ^.?:1,,,i:::;.ii;t;J;f fl ",ii"ti it,forrnallv tleposiis it fot l{i,crt-)ltlts

;;';;,ttpttt natle of three-closs-st'icks ( !tat!;yty|' " ^'

;;t;;,;;;;;i,.tty "r rice he covers r'ith a piantain leaf' afte

i,,'tti"g i"-ide three cakes and" thr:: irfi.n:tilfl: :i::::::j'T;

i"ii"ii"r'iirr:u"o)'i'i". iin"n evervthing is tlius arra'ged' th

il;p"t;i"tnppii*tt* the gods and demons tole:t]t;*:t".",*i,;1 ;;ilffiiall afresh"and reciting over them a hannatcma' i,i' i t'i,i,: i t ; i rl'1 o tu * tl o c c a s i o n al I v o t

: :': : y': : r:ti:.::: ( i;'' er,ir irti- ixopiiiation ( hepa-gummud ; distr'-lunaud')-

Xrr,ptr*a .o-u* oui of .tt''u t*-.1id ^1",11T-it:":1i;i;;";r,;;"-*rt.'"*'a' he knocks at' it' as though seeki

;,;;;"'nom the Yattl'. t1"i:", 1*1.11:ll'-:t,i:i:l,r,*i"- it;t tlancinq rvith furbher invocations' he 1lc

i*';;. "*"i", bririging out the l{(,beri-(totur-ra' which

i.-".. "t t'he 'ilach J tL* house' Then taking ?ctT

;;; " quid of betel from .lhe dtur,ay6' ,ltt t:.^tl:::-

t""J., "J

rr.f"r'c' and laviug t hem on the ;/&Ia'tzrc rcciLes' st

,i;;;-t t n,ntl whilst'so-engaged ta'kes one of lhe

e1

;il;;--^nd a plantain liaf", 1od- oo- thern puts a li

;?;;;;L',cl of footl as weli as a lishted"'u'"]-''-o 1,1*;r"] h. .ur.ies to the stepping stone in fronl of the h.. D -"- - ' 'fot'itte thirtl time) and tlier:e pre(afLel lochLrlg the ttoor t 7 t.:^^^ .:.^.. +1,^ ,.li;il;' ;;tr? ili,no,t' o t o xt 6 tctnlru(ta A imtin d' -t ue den

Iinown elservhere as l{nr.lauara-I-aksatf i' T{e then retut

,r*ilit]],:l,l':rlicts (Sr';lan6 l(6r:116, ro rvit) instead of the ,gipsy-ketlc,r itlir"l,:i 7,,rsl ( (t,rtt'i-furttrtot) is plarted outsicle tLc cornpouutl rvithra,.f i..rrl"m it, itrr,l tLc pl:rltain-lc,af.-<:cinc therc ofllr.ed to liad,a,-

NOl,nS.

( 1.)Agrnorocr rn A<;n,rcur,runu.

,,,Ttt,,*u rrlro nray carc to becone thorougLly versod il the sct

^ trtncs atrrl se:rsons7" rvhicir ought to be observed in uativcu8trcrilhtlrl o|si'ut,ions, rvil.l finrl fiill particutals in the ]Iuhhrtttr-

""_"'.1ii,",,1'1_." metrical trcatise on thc subjecf, by the famousqnrrologer

E'pi Al,pnLrirni, puLrlished at Coiombo in ig76.

ooil",fuito)uirrg cxtnrr:ts from a similar oia, I{S. in the rvriter,sit,^i.'"t,,,, Slvc sorre idca of th: extent to rvliich 16 the stars iu-'"tr cout$cs" irlluence the rction of t)re Siahalese cultivator.

* gl)tcc will noL Irrl'lrlib of 1,hc irrscrtion o{t tlrc strclal

,r,c.. irrrl,r'r, t'I itr IIrc r itrrrI d li'i!r'I'ir'ti-,ni'liut r("u ).-,,i"'.,.r[, itrrrt tLc 1tl:riltain_lc,af._<:cin0 tLerc oflcr.ed to 1iary'.a-" ttti\tt.ttr;. 'Jlrc y,Jtrru,t, too, is cunsNl.uctctl in thg grirupcruutl, autl

JoIInN,\L, R. A. s' (cuvl,ox).

I )t'li tr il iott s,

I.-f'lie follorving arc thc trvertty-sevetr astcrisms (neltet) 'x '

No, 26,,-.Iss3'] nennv culrrvarroN cusrol\rs" 656l

il

lI

fi

li

.[.-Asvidl.2.-IJeratla'3.-1{cti.4.- ll.ehcna'5.-Muwasirisa.6.-AcIa.7.-Punilrvasa.B.-Pusha.9.-Aslisa.

1.--P6lavi) a.

?.-I)iyawaka.3,-'l'iya,waka.4.-Jalarvalia"5.-Vis6ni; n.

6.-$ntawalra.7.-Sata'waka'8.-A!awaka.9.-N arvriwa,ka.

10.-I)asawalia.

19.-Mula.20.-Purvasala.2l .*llttarasala.22.-Suvana'23.-Dcnata'.24.-Siyit'asa.25.-PuwaPrrtuPa:26.- Llttrrapu[u27.-trt6vaiiYa.

11.- Ttrliofos'waka.

I 2. * I)oiosrvaha.I 3.

-i['cles'waka.1 4.- 1'uclusw aka'I 5.-Pasafoswaka.

the Li{teen tithiha.f

11.-Tbe scven daYs rre :-- l.*Ravi

2.*Ohandra3.*Kuja4.-Budha5.-Guru' 6.-Sukra or I(ivi7.-$9ni

trV.-The twelve signs

| . -I\{6sha.2.-Wrishabha.3.-llithuna.4.- Ii arka{aka.5.-Sigha.6. - Kany6'

of the

Sun"l\foon.I\[ars.Mercury,Jupiter.Venus.Saturn"

Zodiac (rdsd) are :-#/.- r ula.8,-Wrischika.9.-Dhanu,

10. * Makara,I I .- I(umbha.12.-Mfna.

10.-M6rrgkatn.I 1.-Ptrvapal.I2.-Uttara,pal.I 3. * T:[ ai&.

14. -Sitr.I ;).-nil.i 6.-Vis6.I7.-Anura.I B.-Deta

II.-'Ilrc flftcen lunar tlays (tithi) tluring 'which the.trr'lxcs a,re named :- I

'Ihe snrne or,ler shoulil bc firllo-lvet-[ frrr

lv&nes-tlte l5th tlay beiug tcrme'1 Arndrva

Aommen cing Op erations.V.-Slre nehgt Pusba, 56,, Uttarapal, IJttarasala, Ifitaraputupa,

Sita, Anura, and Berapa, and the titltip(laviya, Diyawal<a,, Tiya-waha, Vl's6niya, Satarvaka, Dasawaha, Ekoloswaka, and pasalos-waka, atcl the cla,1's Kuja,, Guru, and Budlra, in the rrisd assignedto the plancts, Guru, Sukra, Budha,t are auspicious for elteringupon a field to commence cultivation.

Ploughing.

* VI.-For_ploughing adopt the following neket t_pawapa,l,Fuwasala,

.Pulvaputupa, Ifata, Sita, Mdiekata, Deta, Mula,R6watiya, Anura, Punivasa, Suvana, pushar' Uttarapal, IJttara,_sala,_ Uttalaputupa,

-Si, Vis6, ll uwa*i.i.u, D"ou ta ; oja t.ithinaYrng no riht.t i thc days Ravi, Budha, Gur.u, $ukra ; tLrc

gah.tut.* sti:icbly spcrliing thcr-etrc 28 tteltet oI astelismg: i1te,ttgIt.ata 'Abi

(a flactiontl or occasion:rl "mansiorr' onil-, conseqncnt.-:tt tl;tt "1'

Dcr.io.li"al rcvoluiiun occLLpying 27-8 d*1's) lies beNween'ut'i:arasala'Isnu"r.".' Xllte llJl,ljvirns rctain the fuil nurnbct of " luna'r mansi

but piacc'Arihi'(Abiyut) lasi, s:tve'Rdra' (lldvatiy:r), tlrus:-As'sida, tsu

Iieti, iltinu, ltiyrheliha, A^tla,, Funr5s, |us, Ahuliha, l'[d, Itura, Utura,

,,:.". 11. Sun, l\Ioon, and planets move through the.sc zrjs,i in their courses."tutttl(ta ('year') is ihe time during which the Sun travels through all 12rd'ri in his course, bcginning from the fir.st point of Mdsha rdsi l, andthe solar*","1^a!. tine tlurir:rg w}ich the Sun continues in urry orre na*.

KJ._""ij*tivelve rdsi. th-at callecl SitSb,a (Ieo) is altotted to the Sun, anclt";i;:T:]. j ::r,:",:) to the Moon ; the rest are given ro the other f ve ptanersth.';:,:;'i:^:.::_lheir.position wiih regard to the Sun. t{ithuna and i{any,r,b.1.;;";jXrl::l:g ,,rhe mansions', of rhe Sun and n{oon, on eit}rersirie,.^-.-b ou rlercurv : the i;wo beyond these, viz., Wlishabha ancl TuLi, arei,iili:l^t"_":'rs: the nexb two, -stdsha and l4r1ischika, to "urars: Mina ancl

t,:;,:'.1.:11.t'' and the last tn.o, l\fakara and Kurnbha, ro Satun.ot or|]^'i,!lj, '

,1t:e.lhe cleren f,illr.i from tr)asawaka of ?ru ra ltah.\a to Visdnil,o

* bili;;;il "",];.these.

Tudusn'aka anit Jalawaka ui ,,,iit,i,,, and rejcctcrr

IIiin. I{d,1rihri, }Tora, I)orha, }Iula, Furrrhall, IJturu}rala, Iluran, tr)

Hiyavihri, Furabatiuruvr, Iasbaeluruva, Ar-ihi, Iiiva' "'lhe titlt'iet.eiata of a'ny clay or time are those in rrhich thc ittoon is in her c

through the zoditi,c in that tlny or tiilo."

t Tlre lnnar mc,nth is tliviticd inio ??t]'(t ot 1'ttrr;:a, paltttltd, (frorn tlie

n{tcr the new lnoot} to {u1I ntcron rlay), lr,rlri t{t:t{ o! a}/ttt\'L '?{f i;tll(t \tt'otta{iei' 1u.i} moon to lerv rtloon tlav).

lnqnasF \\ryishabha, Karliatal<a, NIn,kara, Mina, Mithuna, wl-ri

66 JotrRNAr,, R. A. s. (cnvr,cilr). [Yol. YIIio. za'-r883'l

PADDY CULTIYA1TON CLTSTOIIS. 67

, ,r-i,.rcer)rh prya for eight peurts of the neAet l{qt,i. Itehena'ib"'i'.,"i.n. Uttaraprrlrrp.'r anr.l Hdrvrtiyn.ttH"iiii" i'*'s 1dir1,r-tonrli) frotn tlie hrst [tqyo for eigbt, peyas oI'

,,r,"]iu,, arrtl l)iyarvaka, aga.in at the 47th peya, ilt the 2ncl,

ii,i. "'1,r

,itttb pg.vn of 'I'iyal'rrka. tire 20t,h peya of Salarva'ka,

itl"izra peuu of I-I:r,tawaktr, 23td Ttcyn of' r\tartaka, the 20th

^"i rt,t, of I)iisrtll'al;;r,, the 20th of liho]osrvaka, tLe 20rh of

I)o1o.r.,,"1.,,, 8th :ind 2'ith of 'lefe,rrvtrlia, the ilth peryrt o{ tsasa}os-

*oiro. Ai all tlrese times from tlre comrueucement of' Lbe peyu

rhc ti,le florvs [or 6 PeYrts.

At tlre fonrlb Ttada of the fcrLrr lagnas I'l6sha,, lVrishabha,,

tr4ithgna and l(arka,taka, lvater will rise. !'or tlrleslring coru and

merrsrrrirll p:rddy, if tJre mornent rr lten nehata,. titlti- and lu gna f'or

tlre r.isiug of tire tide are contemporat)eous can be taken, it is begt :

iftrvo agree ib is good: one alotte is failly good.

Storing and, Consuning Pat!,dy.

XI.-!'or stoling padd,v the nehet I{a,ta, Ada,, M6. ald Rehe4a

ancl tlro loqnas Wlishrr,biia, Sigha, Wriscirika, and Kuml-rhru

should be ta,lien, a,ud (if possible) nhen seen rvith the planedSir turn.

Orr Suuday at suurise at Rehena nghata consurrle patld.y.

Eating the New llice.XIL-l'or alut-bat-hlnta observe a goorl frlli, avoirling Nlina

14dsha, and Wrischika, at tl.re neh.et Sira, Asvida, Itra,t:l. Pur,r6,-wasa, I'nsha, Suwnna, Anura, llunaturu, tt'lu'lv:rsirisa, J)cnatn,Relieln, Ildrvnti,r'a, Siy6,rvasa, Sir, Mula. M6, and Yisi.

In spite of the n'ell-ureant offorts now bcing rnade to convertthe gouiyri from the error of his ways by opening a School ofAgriculture. antl the introtluctiou of moclern appiianccs, it ig tobe feared that vcars must ela,pse before his *i,r,l is disatnrsetl ofthe conserr.atir,le rrotions he shares rvirh the A:rner.ican o! !-aLrnerBen" (Notes altl eucries) :*

"l tell ye il's lonsense," saicl Fanuet llcn.'Ihis farmin' by books and rules,

And sendin' the boys to learn that stuflAt the rg.ricultural scliools.

Iiotation o' clops anrl anaJysis !

f'alk that to a youug baboon !

Iiut ve neecln't be telliii yel science to nrt,,Ilor I belier-e in the rnoon.

ilre besl; 'I-r-1i6, I)hanu lnd l(nnyi, firirty gooil. At these zelr

?Inal oli:relviug the lttgnrts, u'ah, &c,, rnalie one' three, or fi{'urrows, t itir thc plouglr pJaziug Eastwat'ds, ivithout stooping

looking dorvn.f,ntr o dzr.cin, g VI/a,tcr.

YII.-ilho fbllorving nghgt are good fbr atlmitting n"ater irrto

{ield :-}lula, Ptnvasala, IJttarasala, Suwaua, R6lvatiya, l)r:nat

i$ilngl<atl,, Ilurvasirisr'r, Puwapal, Deta, Si, and llelapa'

a"gozoin g u,n d'I.r ansplantin g.

YIIl.*Sorv seed paildy at' tbe neftet 1\{1, ['Iata, ll{uln, Tu

turu,t Pusira, biiy6,rvasa, A uttra, S/.ra\iuwasilisa, Iliwati;'a, a

S u rrn a ; o rt lbe ti tlti \ris6 n iy a, Sl tarva,k ir, Itrkol o swcha.'lclesrT'a k

and l'tisaJosrvaka ; aud on the tlavs Sltidu, BLrdlltl, Gutu, $rrk

also obserr-iug the la'y1nn"n'hich these plauets belong to'

For soning prrld.y accordiug to tire hthulap system, adopt tlr

aafred 'lrtnatururt L'rrni.lva,sa, Pushn, Auuril, I-Iata, I[h' flehe

N.hich nro to be tzr,heu ft-ir transplaLrting also.

Orr Srinday mornings iir the month of Mithrrna a'ntl Sigha so

r/ padtl;'.Ilaapdno.

IX.-Reap coru orr goor.l dl,ys (i"e. riays having ho aao'

at, the nehet Kqti, trielrerla, Arla, 1'ushr'', Si', Denat'a, Si.y6rv

Itu t'aputup:r,,'lun lltriln, Anur:a, Mlt'"

7' h'r eshin tl u')?d Mea,s'ut'in q,

X.-'I'hreih cot'n ai Anrira, B6waliya,, Muln', Pusl-ra, S6,,

anrl at the lngnas. ll ithuua, l)hnnn, Iiulubha, antl Miua, a,ntl w

tlie pianets Gurtr und $ikulu are il the sald lugnas,

Ail wolk connecteil r,vith patlcly cultivri,tion shoultl be perfor

rvherr the t,itle rises {iorn the first' peyrt lbr eight p€yusl 2lrd

' The rlry tt! 60 ltggtt's or'2{ houls (hd'rd) is in astrological calcu

further divided into 12 htqtuds, e?.cl\ lugna camprising roughly 2

The Zagnas are Eylronyrnous rrith the 12 rtisi, artd rotate in tlie same

the first {,agna of each ciay rr,lways being that of t}re particulnr rtisi, otthrough l'hich the Suri is passing. $ee, too, C. A. li. Joum. 18I

pp. rsi-te+. " The Priuciples ol Sir"rhalese Clironology," by liev. C. Al

I funaturu', i.e" Ilttarrrpaln, Uttarasala,, Uttaraputupa.

! -hu-ytigr:r,, i.e. the unlucliy conjunction of certaiu meAel with special

'I'hus on Sunday, Ada anil Deia, on Tuesdrr,y, Deta and Suvlna, on TlAda, ou I'dizly, Visd, and on Saturday, I'undr','asrr and Suvrrla, ate a

Tlrele are !0 bad (dds4 rl.&ll'v dd:jd), and. 4 gttod^'yigus.

6968 JouRNArr, R. a. s. (cnvr,ox).

Ifye plant yer corn on the growin'moon,And ptit np the lines for crows,

You'll {ind it will bear, and yer wheat will, too,ffit's decent land where't grows.

But potatoes, no1v, are a difl'erent thing,ll'hey want to grow down, that is plain;

And don't ye see you must plant for thatWhen the moon is on the wane.

So iu plantin' and hoein' and hayin' time,It is well to have an eye

On the hang of the moon-ye know ye can tellA'wet moon from a dly.

.A.nd as to hayin', you wise ones, nowAre cuttin' yer grass too soon;

"{1'you want it to spend, just wait till it's ripe,And mow on tlre full o'the moon.

*****With farmers' rneetin's and grrnEes nerr

Folks can talk till atrl is bluc;But don't ye be swollerin' all ye hear,

For there ain't more 'n hall on't true.I'hey are tryin' to make me change my planso

Bui I tell 'em I'm no such coon ;

I shall heep right on in the saJ'e old way,Anrl worh my furm, by thc ntoon !

(8.)Culrrvarons, SoNcs,*

L.- Whilst bailinq Water.OOgo: gdeoq oOerJ 96 OQpO: d8dlqei @ocd 6@eoQ@O dcongf 6)€DiO 6roc @OE@O Oeoa;d1 €O o€$r€D€Da gqoor@gd ascc\O8 eQcoes: ft]ooetJz$5 eoz8co grJ dO qcogerJogd oeef6d, usgoe€rj €D?p{tJ qtd ococd O@ orz$oe€oas Or

flo@ @z2d1O a:@erc oEro@er:oOd eed OzSOres $zoey o@ rsrdd g1O gQo8oeY o@ OzOenizo 6oo oOoerjeo

{a;---,sssJ "i "'-" ^ :^t

"trvAr I oN c usrous'

s.a o,e,6c q6€"i osr qco

4. X]^:^Ye qzdoz8 qcazs6 8s

n"sz:;;"'?F:ry'3::':::4 dilgj q6P6t41) qeesi5'"'Y^"o,e.'i €e6 sJ mScs sJ

e)l'Xiip. od'oqo @o oqerl

Xt-a aJatq- edq oeorcovJ

6', *:s ;:;z,gF':l iS,s;"-arsi Fl@oi 64 oAlAgJ

X..a aaA P6EO OleoQC

a * r-rla@ 8@ @e nz:rj Oe@'rf" Xot-O eooren:85J OoJ q'desi

nauO zo€Qd 6q o89:l

[YoI. VI

6€rio€rJ6\{tJ6\etJ

oOooo@6\c,]

duJxri6J

6x5J

o5J6\{tJo{rJ6rgJol'JouJo{tJ6\6J6lljorJosJo{tJocrjoerio:tJ

t.

gzrfn@ OzD q9€d O€@6J

l. T,ike the moon shining in {irll splendour,

1\{y beauteous enclearing lord'Since the day of departure thou returnest not as yet :

Till I may reach thce where rvilt thou remain ?

2. At a. desolate torvn ofNegroes I arrived,Lea'r'ing kith and kin for a foreign land.

With scalding tears I bathe rny breast ;By him dcscrted, how may I sustain my grief !

3. though the lliendiy earth quake and tremble,-Maha l{eru thunder with torrents of rain-Though thcse, and such like portents, thou beholdest,Whatever thy undertaking, it will not prosper.

4. A woman empty-handed, or bearing empty pot,A beggar, be he deaf oi' be he blinil-These in good journey sbouldst thou meet,Fruitless will be thy going.

5. Heal rne, ye learned, that benefit the world,Consider it with mind unfettered :Galadevi, grant me to receive wisdom:May the assernbly not firrd frrult.

6' Fcllows, a miglrty boon is sced;Desilcrl of every creatule Iln firrittr"ul lund it nnrltiplics:

_ Worship olr the Tcacher.r' Oflantl.acquircd spv out the Iow plaees;wause nce received to be served with glad heart;From.stunrps autl roots ever stlive to r.id you,tsuilding tlanrs for tanks aequilcd

, i ]tl spccimens given arc ihroughont ungrammatical anil clisconrbut tusc as tatren down from the mouih of an oiclinary illiterate guyiyci,meaning is in places very obrcure.

p.lT.\::t^*1.. st::Lnzns nill be found in atmost the same form in a smallr*^w!ur Harvest Songs styled Gogan.rntilaya, printecl in Colombo, lg8l,

?0 JouuNAL, n. A. s. (cnvr,or)' [lrol' VI

IL-Ile.a'Pers" Sons'

H- }-;! .et- 'oa' oa.'oi gto qo65r16o zoE eesocrJ

3. ar$er cozrloqs oe65J Sneoo 9"1i-tlf,e^11f ece'

;@ ;;;o ;dzo,ee'ooe gf,-Do B6@oe'6o*. PF 98ct;;;";o -t"" 6a2@ odz6o..-t n*3Ti9::?

' ;#;; Ja9^@oaodsr ersnd@ qor odoerJ

E3Er-torgo ugo*:rl 6haod oznqOgocosJ@a qsJ g:r}

o.qE'tO ao8 's-.o6o erl,8'SoqOoei qood @o oqc}

n - ..6I erOrnoo 6SsrOoz6tfdo6f ed8g fldo:es OzQ6 co

;;.66 erod, OrSogto EEgo qg'ao'd8loococozei oe

"a -1ES3.-l Pr\DDY cIILTI\rATroN crlsTolfs. 71

No.'"'o 1l'be gotl of tle srtu's ra,ys shiuing on the hill has now shsdcd' tl'it uttr gang:

lVith fortune-bringing sickles in right-hancls invoke we melitson ttrre Mother'

Slould tle goyi-lord on the highiand hear me, I shall receive

t'ergar'tl:

May all this eompanyr grea,t aud low, recite songs witl,rout

bi<-:kering'

g. Srlcdevi, descending I'rom his aboc.le, begs alms in hi"o ascelic garbof Yole :

'l'he corn sown on the rnudded golclen roch bentls dorun ripenedears:

lYith boiling water dressing food by supernatural power the ahns

rvcl'e giren,l\lay goddess l'atiini grant me permission.to composc and recite

these verses'

4. In lluyigam li6ra16 reno'wnecl tlrcre grew tbe fai'-famed palm tree,Ftrir beyontl words of poet, with manifolcl beauty crowned I

l'rom hamlet unlo hamlet knorvn, iike lotus petals, cxpanding onthe tree,

ll*rely tbis palm-florver bloomecl gloriuus in colour.

5. I{alf tbe clay has passed since morning, nor failecl of god's plo.tec tir.rn,

Irrom head to foot tlrro' every linrb god has blessed and ple-ser'.r'ed us I

'Jhe songs in rhyming meosure we loudly sang to-day have madethe.rvelkin ring.

l\'ill leave be blithely grauted to ftrrego work the rest of thetlu; ?

6. GoJ, grant me to tell in vetse the flower's fame,Of tire lovely tank liiy's golden hue, its petals splead in teu

dilectir,ns,As o'er the water"s surface tLe Ma-nil's scent is scattered:Its petals spread iu teu directionsr golclen-hucd as tbe lovely

tank lily.

7. l'he seecl was sown and sprouied, antl like a grove rose the tree ILike boughs of bamboo shools entrvined, tLe pahn-florver's

pageant seerned:Lur"d by sigbt of the floner-petals the rvayfarerhis journey

f'ciIgets.l.o I ti'orn Gosua lakc clescelding the erjl to avelt, in safety

hcep us 0oci (of rlcrt:y).

l. gSoq8coctOrS o??O O8:denO eolOoqSocol geced oq:r}

esiOoqd cs :;Joco o q Ccsd qdif gar' i"l 9 6 qr aoi'S oq rJ

Jr"-=ea.ag og: porzsd 8a6f geo qq dzs:oqeJ

o'ilo'gja;.*8ig-oec'e'locigb'oq8ocofocorloqs}2. L!t.1 ecceeo gdzdsoq8ocol oo lQaro^q'?

otrosus

OrOoeen Qtz$rd3 gdenO qdcl6: qOO:eo.8rrJ oqqe'Y

.., ab o e i azri oco' I O o':2 si o' a q t e 1]' d 11o -t3 3:: S'

s e."\l8O:tj ezrj OdrOasfoeoatrdr oq888oasf 6A roiQO 9u' :#5;;"L qecj@ qecrq ct\eor oqdo$f oczii gsJ

il;3;t zsr3'8€-Scsrerq 69o9 treo^o g5q$ -

;5 bd;- a.a geZoo"to qq oqmsq qoeed te*86.* @o6f Odrd OO 6co.6$ eqzod oq8gd3 EOeo6 OO oq:rJ" i;E a,e,n o6 irJaal €tcoo qeogooo oeei SEoqrJ

erE e.Ddea bg-a @coeo6f otd F?c oo SEoq:rJ

e;E ;e.6 o6 Zriori e1co6 qesTmoo^oerd t-:1u1.r.* q,,JOgod ogre e,ee$od coeo c;?3'01ll 6'cezrasi og8

6, ar oo : O o 6f E ?) e, clo?.? sr' q : :"?9i ::::-?f::g-'r'oJu'erJev \ ) a '1 - - - i^' t- oao:t3 oq-8o:ri oco orcoco

dduo,,+od O$orod rjfi#;;t&; or,. odJBeo''qzs oq-o:r'Qo:J 9o

1(aocrr

3. o d€t]€ftfi€ oqs ogorJ oO@q oord 91CPs @q@ qo

' ;;J;;dsoialoa'r o'Q el oof';6f QQ5f o a5f qd-

ese rtl es9tJ ooaQ@q eg@L-tl'o€Do9 o 9loore odqo-

:il;;J;;;a-X6 'i*.,'o-s',r $o :d 60r o1j q.tE a6t

e. lolri.toi eozrloqoeol oq oocd Qocso Q?-"-d*T*.:?I Lrodessj ed':eo2@6f oqtdrrJ 8g

Odr: g0rtood oqEocel

JZrll X,..ooos-* aoQg@ €erslcrslcozrf oo6 tg;;;;;t;J 's''5*-"i qco sscosr eooors 8g

l. I\'lay ali the gocis permit us to ertter the 6eld afterwtrrshi

the sun god:d;;;;ii ?"; seut obtain ecr, o. g:l' i 1"::":

1l:-:^i:- :.:t.t "'''"1, tlL:rclirrg thc sttlr's ll'*"

i\Iay tLe clouds keeP us co'i"i it""-",* J"ui"t r*"i all evil' granting peace these

p9yas.

* These sl,anzas probably formpalt olilte I<ctra'mal'a-ncntt'n'nrt'tit'ct"

I

I

ryo JouRNAL, R. A. s. (cnvr,on). [Vol' VINo, 16.-i-c83.] r,rour- TjIII.TIYA'I'IoN r;usi'orrg. 7li

8, Orcharcl of golclen tgmbili,* lime, orange,'beli't mora'l (8.)

1'enu.

This tabu resenrbles the custom of ,rPomali" practiseil by the

niak" of f3orneo, the Alfuros of Celebes and Timor, uo.l tlru-i"rtumei Islanders'' ulha ouly outward indication that Pomali is being resortetl

to is a bunCle of maize leaves stuck into 1,he ground, or bushels

of rice susl'entletl f'rom a bamboo post, either in a rice fieici oruntler the house of a person who is ill. All strangers are for-bid;en to cross the thresholcl of a house where the signal isplace ,'l'' ,,Mr.llugl: Low, in his 'Sarawakr' also mentions threekindsof Pomali, or. as he calls it, Pamali.

,(Tlte ll*nt,al,i omar'2 or tabu on the ftr,rms. occurs imrnei.liateivafter the wbole of the seed is sown. It lasts fr-,'r days, ancl duringthat period no pcrson of the tribe enters any of the plantations onany account; a pig and feast are accoriling to their praclice a.lsonecessary."-Carl Bock, (t lfead Hunters of llorneo," p. 2BO.

The oraons and Mundrlris (hilr tribes of rntria) .bserve similarprecautions to propitiate Des6uli a,nd J6hir B6rhi for a blessing orrthe crops in their '( Hero-llouga" and (, Bah-Towli-Bouga,' sicri_fces, to which the ('Karam" of the Irol vilragers is neariy alied.t(Eacir cul{i'ator sacrifices a fowl, and afte' some mysteriousrites a wing is stripped off a'd inseried in a cieft of bamboo antlstuck up in the rice field. If this is omitted, it is supposed thatthe lioe will not come to maturity."

Saman-devi.

9.

tree ;

Samanala.

I

eS@ OgroO rrJ OQen oasrr.6o00-1nrdtrs)r 6c5rE q*qo@osnd €Qoco grQd ereqrJ- @i63eslOr@ Ogeo qaqo@

qreocSSgloJ oq8g O1O8O-@gd oerde:rd qq oO

I came intent on singing to while the livelong day-Say when again, my comrades, ye'll Iisten to my lay'Ifkinsfolk now stand by us, all trouble will seem light,And in Maitri ]luddha's f'east with one accord unite.

lYith sport andjest full varied our pilgrim path we cheer,

Ilark ! the band before us shouts sridas ec)roiug clear :

The palace.shrine who beautify, to crorvds tire land gives

Safragam's fair temple, the frontal-mark of earth !

As surge tbe rvaves of ocean, the thronging lines go by,Theirhair-knots bound in circles dark, like stars in midnightLikejewels gleam the torches, adown the four-spread iane,

The patron god in howdah rides, as in a wedding train.

(4.)Ksu. on, Cnanys.

(I.) Against Gelopanuuri (Grubs).

.Si19g 1T. T?-p."16{[,]**-, s coo o1so, ; oaxn Q scoE ;;;-:j:* af er1 ; oo:

.@_crg d dcoc grroO os:r E zr} 9 gf dOc ; 96f gr

6,oo].t^K'1tf 5's:'eor; ".5 d ezg'dre:; golo:{ cgQo!6 o"tr.,:-og,e*:l".:" <z?'€o: ; eo;J d j otcozsi er gO: ; S g dcSeo :iJo srodo-jJc$t r;;:"1:' c'p3ef. t-.dgodo g,6fdo,; o8o r) eqoef gazst

""f O;;::lY: o:r,-io6iq 6<rJO:rr aodgC e1Qeo,; ey aodgb co,rf Ocno9COO,,'"T -t, E 9:; S SOoJ Q g dd, eo slOer: eiJoedocri g: g;oc oedO$fo *Jil q$P'c?,j 969 d 8co ozocosr, orr] 8oc, qosf geocotoe."jfilt er 86 de{,cDaJOosJodocd qcg;eoroOrrJ qiJ qtrsf

l'bat clay seven goddesses offereil celestial vestures ancl 6r

The god empowered, with both hands ofieled flowers of I

Golden haSupztl lotus of the N6ga rvorld divine N6gas ofle

Tbenceforth continuously all people of the world w

lll.-At close of Worh,

t. qOce gd ao8 e$cod$ Seucs:eo€ qr

qroco @oco:rJ ao8 geo6 zsOdaogq SerJ

qero eD16\coc gq grztJ€DO gaoO 8Ee oOtrJ

8co oOzrJozr} 8g @qeo gSaJ ecOo: OrJ

2. €oq 06q oeocq oeo6@ Oz4.eo:oO cos}

gdtnd 6co o€3€Dctr8 Oo esrgaordoqt'j _ *a.riOaS.ri oeoiiJor gtO,:ri coeceoC8co Or@ortor@ 6o00 6gal8 Oco aerSo:$oD @c@oc

3. eoOd od@co coenoasrO-Qqdgoqer geq

oOoltjoerjo5Jo€tJoetj.

ar

a

o@

+ The king-cocoanut,{' .l0gle marmelos.

{ Asclepias acida.

$ Mangifera intlica.

ll The wild date-palm.

tl The trumpet flower (Bignoniasuave olens.)

** Feronia elephantum.

tt Bassia iatifolia.

{[ Shorea robusta,.

$$ A kind of cocoanut.

llll l\{ichelia champaca.

1.+ .lolr l{NAl', ti' l' ri' (c:t':vrr''l)' [\''(ri' \rItI' Ncr. :16. -- i E83.] P,\DDY cui,'r'rvA?roN ousr,o[{s. t it

rle stro,v g 9! o P u'nrr'r: ti'

(6)

Seten of these grrrlrs tre collectetl fi'om apltnt' anil the fol

ing P;rir rePeatcd over lhem :-

$:or5q Efor8 OO e"aod OrE6'

a:t6e1'"a1A Ottti;CF e:a;Oe to$ Oo6r$c'

(fi'rrm ali evil)"''Ihree are tlten rlurnt with pd'$-pf4,n:t'. !1":..:tljTr :i"'l:

-#fi ";;,:; j::::::lli?T':Tli;:'il.1""i;';:T[x'jbnried. at the foul cot'ne

of this ccrcmonv ]tro ^a

t t d'di!/"oou'I o:.'::illll1-"11 ill

Tho Yaltilessri shoultl spend the previouslight in a loneiy s

after having.pot on "t"uo "i

otl'"' (pi'u*:!") ^;d?y':r":151

of tnls ceruurut'J "*- 't'uoJo peyas\n a' rrrnfroquented placo'

clusiotr retnaiu drrrub f:r seYerr fPyas lll au rrrrr

he reurains mute'

(III.) Against '4f,essd (Fiies)'

(a)

t,,rlJ if li)r a n'Ljle iu rosil snloke, ovcr wlricL !e has mrrt[ererrl

ii* futtutui,,g chu,r',r 108 tiLues, a'd a{terrvar.tls l.elease it in tLc:

fieltl:-d,rj.ogl Ee6,crl Ag dt4or.rJOa:sJored See:Cc Oc" ored Cr:r$.sr

a6iao frdta6--1?,?: 9:g1oroe.d, qglrf oo o'a:otr3, @C o,d"*t,26D

grodocor, oo:O{rf OreJoaf, oo::OO$ e 6oel ogrrg5 -jO OO8g)tt

r:ro 9l co 5zs2 O a: :J q gd eoorC,Oenr Or osi uslp s;; 6e ;J A €rJ OzeJ

orrio, 69 o;a^!ze+o1lco, 9B ozdocsJcs,9d @r<Jo*l* ro".*:o.oJoo:Se e0" 1f,' Odo":rJeder.

O,nnr.ttrd! Ily the porvcr of Lcn.d llt-tltlha rvbo ca.mc t, dispel tLepestiJcrl.'c ,_t t-,1". *,.:ra rity,'ll-ixiln,.rli. r.6,1.y drr. all "" rlr*"._,i;*.,1bla,'l< llics, l)robosl is-auned flic..

.antl errrtlt y.r.rrl,s ef ,t,;, t;"i,t, oruf,&wry (r)rJxt,, _6du) ; stay not.

-l,et it be so! ( -U,,sudh 2.

Nurn,i ! Ye llorver-flIles, fr(,boscis-x.nlerl liics, tiry flies, asL flies, b,r.*f11;p tlr e rnrtirth of (j aj u - k u m l, t - r I ul u. r ti Is lt ct- d I u u tritbis fie,i.,. rrr the narne of trre ,rr.irrtl (o,r';:;;:;"*,i"irl1i",,l'"'"ilDcril','' 1 Raruudt ). IJe i1 sr' !*

(1,)

'Ihe followirrg rvell-kuown qdthdwa is recitcrl l0g tirues oversorno soud, rvbich is strevrrr in the field at dusk. rvhile fotrr Ja.m1.,*(the oii u:ed having been prepared rvifhout bciug ta,sfeJ) nre kcpfburuing at its Ibul conlels :-

c:OOe;:er-;r* gzs:d6oarooe,rrc 6eel&c,eo:c;tief,r5't:^1.1 qq:Jc,.$a:"

QOce;eraeo,r\Lstain {,r,,,nr nll sirr ;A<rqnire rrrer:it:i,ru.ify tlre lrear.l :

fhis tlre l]urldIta,s c(.)niitl€rildnlefl t.,'F,r'il swcll. llre rlebrs tl rrr.r-

(;ou,l (lrlircr\ nnrl rr.rlrri'rs.Sirun evil, fr,li,rrv gooci; lxrlcl swav0vcr thvseif. llhis is the way.,,

"

( Light of Asia. ).n'I'hr,rug;,uu6 t'e performa,nce of this hema, a,ntlurrtil rLext nrorn_

]]tt l,t.-"oo so ocr:ripietl rnust uot converse rvith anybody.rlt_ %

, ;'il:T]:l:1i:*,,Tt':'' Jiih. lh:. *":r]. o' r.t rr i p, vlicrr in Falsrrpir,i*ruXi*:*i1il1Jiiil''i'l'',i,'i"""1i:?l,.?l;;*i;;,i;":l;:*ipr*^-^_"],,,,11ro thc Hindf Trinity." The l{attzidiyds not lrcing wor_*ri,Ur,,,,,] :l]1,"^|i'"t'"

rrrtl nob undersrrrnding rh" porport "f rh; ;;;;-.;r;Ithih,,,,. ' !il1r 1flntly, rrrtl nob underslrrndj

t" Sf .ilil! tu thom sornc nrysrcrious magical\inhut,l"^ "^"ll_l', soxre nlysrerlous maglcal propcrties, freq reniiy arlcl themq*inJ;,, tnar-nrs, in.r'hr'ch the viltues and r:mnipotence of llldclha axr

It llny tlre nll-atrspiciorts qoddessof spcech,lSaraswati)' the hcst'o1a

"r. ;"' : J,;;' 1,, r

; *; *'t u' o ;i: "' :tTl'i: ]:^.'"]::, :1,T,"' 1 i l',1"X l: Hiof tlre essuuue

moutlts of the illustrtous

7t iirlo "' r' 1."''r'o" fol I o w in g m ornin g'-'r ith ou t commun i cating

H;;;;;i. shool'l go to tile fiel'I' I:[a'r'ing caught a flv' he

0r*,ifr_i'll. ctar-nrs, in.r'hich the viltues and r:mnipoience of llldclha arg'', rrr \'{ rv i,rnnrli),r1uent style, in the e:;cl'si.it. of thr:rse .f the Ilindri

?6 ;Ioultl{Al,, 11. A' s' (<;llrr'ox)' [1rol' \rlII

(")Wit'b red santlalwootl, ground to polvder, t'his gt'tr'nza is writt

on a rabdna, or the drum of a tou-l'om :-

yo. l6.-1uS3.] rl.rruv cur,,r,.lvAl'loN Lrusrolr{s. 77

lluch the same ceremonies lrave beeu noted in fndia :-Idangal panni sutti segti

ftta Ttido mittliAd,anga nu"un puje segrzt

,,,ffi{;i;;1i#;1;,. And heaping ashes on it,

Pelform ye many a lite."

1,, farnil Popular Poetry," by Dr. Caldrvell, in Ind. Ant., vol. I.),, lVlren Gonds, I(u.kus, or Bharias start togethcr irt their tilli

crops, they take rvith them some ashes and Iudian cornseeds, andastheyg.' along theykeepmaking circlesrvith tbe ashes, and placein their centre the seeds of the corn. 'I'his practice is supposecl tokeep n,rvay_all the bad rvill of trlne Tlsqsqs.',-(Notes on the 13harias,by C. Scanlan. Assistant Surveyor, in Ind. Ant. Vol. I. p. lJ9.)

According to Mr. Ievers (C. A. S. Journ. 18g0, p. 52, DLgramjths figure described on the tbreshing-floor by the culrivato.s ofthe Kfga,lla District co'sists of

'o less than seven concentriccircles with four cross lires.

Tbis is a uote worthy departure from the ditr,gram us,ally seenelsewhere. 'rhroughout the low-cou't.y not more tlran threeconcentric circles witlr tlvo diameter.s betrveer the eardirai poiutswould seem to be drawu.

Precise directions regarding the oreparation tif a thresling-flooralo laid dorvn in ttte f,:ruhu.tn-"{;r:;{.,t (sranzas 2sT_zat) :_

E-

\v.257

qrq €sre e{DerJ S6 oqE6asi gO Qoo:otqi-S {Drzs)rar gSoqc.og gD <Jeo

Pg€nO eoloor6:6door6r 6di eoz,reio:,i.qcro cl.€n!€ aslg€E ccesl g$oOg;

I

A la,rnp fed by miatel (oil of the Bassia latifolizr)' which I

been lrnllowed by the recital of the gtithdwa over it' is placeci

tlre field inside a ntal-pekllt (temporaly altl'r tlecked] with lea

and florvers). At dush a man shoultl walk round the ffelcl repe

ing the same stanza antl beating the said tom-tom n'ith a pi

<tf hrtyila-uela (creeper). This clone, he must retile try the entra

he cu*e in at. closing it. and sleep that niglrt in an untenan

iroitss.

benefit.

(5.)Tsn K.E narA. oR'l'ElrEsHIN6-FLooR.

t6 When they ale to tread their corr," writes I{nox (p' l1)' tt th

choose a convenient adjoining piace' Ilere tLey lay out a r

piece of grouutl, some twenty or Jive-and-twenty foot over,

ivhich they cut away the upper turf. 'I6e' ccrta.irr cerernonies

useil. Irirst ttrey adorn this place with ashes made into flor

and branchcs anti round circles' Then they tzr'lie clivels

shells antl pieces of iron, and some sotts of rvood, anil a bunch

betel nuts (which are reserved for such purposes) antl lay

these in the very middle of the pit, and a large stoue u

them.t'See also Mr. Brodie's Paper in C. A. S' Journa'I, 1849, p'

ancl Davy's Ceyion, p. 275 (whcre a rvood-cut is given)'

triad. Sometimes, hower-er, the names of Bt:ahrna, Vishnu, Siva, aud

I]incld deities are fountl mixeil with those of lJnddha and other B

divinities in irretrievable confusion in the same charm. Nearly every

Sausklit, SiBlralese, or 'Iamil, ends \titl\ It',su(ih-tl" corruption of the Sarstt

Sori,l*., corr-ecponditg to "Amen" in me*uirrg. (C..d' S. Jonru, 1866'6' P'o

oooa\

:E J0rilt)ii\l', ti' A' tj' (curr'or)'

258

8O zoO oqo'O6 as:e88 octrgco it9oa-lc

O,€;oortOgl 66a2r:JOto ^,e q-O:O

Oiq8-6,a;@ oedclOedrdr erDoO

.1 ontlat^tO:r} <fl O C doogcs oodQd

259

oed g$eCz e1e;1 oeorgeorl- 6@

ooCQco 6, c;do:'c1fl doo:do Og'co

ea c2d. r4{) a26tQ 6ooecjdO^ocr:mrO rogs: O1O pOorlco O{5-1oO

260

60 OOecq Olqzse@':-J q:dade

tnO ca;QcoO oO'5 Ozld co':: qt

pqiJ g.r:ytrrti 6(io9'a 96.E zs:dore:

.:la.oia, ea3od octrsJeo znO qdaicl

261

. : - ,- ,Ao{ a"J A:lOl,*Zl5 e,a;-l':Uq alrJr I '5\

t.rOq oq@rJ 48ogot qq 8E co:q

qeOa2Scj' qd eO@;l 6dez3orasc

rneo2'6oceei3 coe 91q 5,or asrOelO

'fo ma,he a 'I'hreshinq-fllot'

257.

l.\toi. Vi.I

{D

5J

, q(t--- 1853.-l rADDy crrLTllATr.)N c(rii,J,olrs. 7\)l{tr' -"'

. .:"o llest :rr,d Nortl. ('lroose a lncrlty /rrjrri* in Tztnu.trtrurra*el ([ittata-lt"'iol U t torr."t., Ll tta ru l rr,r tupr) on [i ur:u ('l']rulstlay). .l Ie tlrlesliing..

llul]*,,,rr c,rrstttrctetl $'ili ensure success as clesired.

260.

irr tlru uritlsl of foll;nnate l}:lrnba (llt'alma) por,iioru, ttig; the uraltaala

,1ig. ,prott,,'tiorr _Lole'),

clear tlre bonnt.larv th.ain, ancl have the: arahg.ala

,t,o.,,,r,li,,n.st,,,tc') Lrt'r,trgbt and placed by the hands of a male cLiid rvibh

).'rf..r, fi'.t'',', t lil<c 1'urnl,uti (nroon.)

26 r,

Ja'firll;' ba.the-.tLe bod.y with pcrfurncd water : there sacrifice cluly

to the tlcrnr',*, olicl asbcs oharmecl lty rnatttras, ancl elcircle tlre thresh-

ing.{loul rvitlr a tLleld htllorved by tbe Nat;aquna-gtithrit:a.

The M$, from _Pa,stluu l(rjral6 gives a sonrewhat different dia-gralll'

$!eAO ege$.E.

61)

6t6&

ee

(j

ooo

qtlo

oaelv.

ozs::sJOo o,e.o6,rdgeo qO gpO egOco€ Ozq gOorias:1zri gA ere oooeDeq88$gor:gc qze€ro coOrsldozd zoeE8 sus: oOoeSsJ g€0 ,sco

oN.G

o

258.

'l'he sixteen nglrgl stanrliug on the outer and second circuiar

torvartls the tbut direotions'are pro{itless ancl bnd : likervise the

un rt "

titl"A space : the niitidle {bnr are {brtunate' ldecl<on SouLh

frorn East to \\rest linishing agnin at' Itrast'

6)<t)

€U.j

oJ

Of the 1ti portions of, grountl clescril:ed by anoient sages" sclect

6 Tire sixteen portious of la,nd, as gilen \t t'he M'iu'i,nto!.n!*'*,?,

follou'ing : -Sigh,iidr:aya, Szirdkriraya, 13rirhmalidrtl'a, Sul'hrikJr:lya'-u

krirayn, Gdndharvilidrl';'a, Chatrrikdr:rryl, I'rltrtilitirayr' Ilai$:f+tifChatultvdhdr:rya,, Rrihshamuh!rd,krirlya','I'tisulrihdraya, Grngrikrirdya' v

k6,rrya, I{trrnmdhrirayn, Nancli,liriraya. Jahtalilidrayn' 1'o these aro

tirnes aclcletl l(aratalS.hdlaya, A'yntanlukir.raya. Iu pad'n-bt:t|'|nt'a'-or dil

into liuilcl'rng 1ots, the subtlivisions are:--'Rra!ma-p:irleyti' ttewa-v*'

trtranussiy*-pridaya, 1)r'etnlridayrl, of nhich tlie last is netcr selected &b &

7' h r e s hing -1flo or D i agr utn.

,lhu.iS)rt_roL"l lext tlrc twclve at the carclinal points are unlucky.,ii"lljo)],n,:. midtlle eight nehet witt bring luck. piace fifai lsun) at,no,i"I.l*,ul',ttr{ point) aud calculate Soutl"rrvards. Thus counting,resolve tle tr,"

"J,ils-;"'""' oiug"u-.

ot6.r]ilotiuers supposc tirat the same ser.en god.< to whom the supervisiou

3:rni.'*l,i,i,IO"ao ilrl ('t tlre Trcck arc approPri

To.r, s"ri"\tj-is flont tlrat otre to s'

the 1",-_"";".-,o ruIl)osc rla[ rt]e same sel.en god.c to wlrom the supervisiou,a* i.irl nt the week arc approprilted, preside over each successive seien

hom the rlay belongs, but in the followii:o."i',,t"*""r;;;;'ilil.;,lfi ;,';;;J"i';i:l"J:Tl"f

:a

nor tlroge port,iorrs of the othcrrs o*l1etl fecllnicaily del! tnil kattr'rn'n..,;..il-'_:ll,i#;

80 .roIInNr\L, R. A" s. (crivr,ox)' [Yol' \rI

(6.)

(I.).-'Iun Arypur<uer/ua Csnr:uoxv.

The form of the A'ndu'hertm,r, ceremony (t'hough not kno

uncler that name ) as practised in the Siyan{ K6ral6 differs to

cxtenb.After the corn is threshed and before removing the straw f

t\e hantatct,, fir'e cultivatols, each tahing a dgti, repeat the

lon'iug rvortls thrice :-

n.0. 26,-i883.] rannv cur,rrvArroN cusroMs. g1

.1s'ar.ed arrtl the crop rca,ped and placed on the threshing-floor, five

f.rroo, ,"p"""tc the stlaw (fi'om the paddy) tvith five tleti*

Deti, deti, what d,eti ?GoId, cleti, silvet dgti,Ratupila, niha, tlemala, hobbi, hoson rlgti.l'atring fi:te oI'these clgti,Five (uren) stand and toss the corn:.l'wo (rnen) drive the bullocks :

The god looks on:Cultir.ators work,Nay manifold return attend this royal hatnatu tlis

(harvesi) titre !

Conrpare ttre I-Iarvest song ( trIuttaril of the Coorg ryots(Gover's Folh-songs of Southern Inclia, p. l2l) :_

.'l'irst they pra.y that God's rich graceStill should rest upon their race.

trVaiting till the gnn has roaredMilk ihcy sprinkle, shouting gay,PolD ! PoIi, ! Deuari !

lilultiply thy mercies, f,ord !

96c, Oreorzs:oa::rJ co@eogcogoOr$si 8g@orsrl:rJ cozr} O

6\itr:rroC; 8ari5-3 ocr8 a;:rJ8o;orJ co@OO oeC61o:Oc argOEdOO; ozsJoe:,6 oqoerefl z2oJocat3 cadoretff soocad co{tj(

o*saqge, eq d6orQ er8 zog8Oes$ rettnoc oll:3coerJ

a:rgEOO qOc

..P -"A .-6)n ^"eqtrj geJ .!ilv4 rreJ

6a q.a 64 s.amOSe 6ao oq@O oesroot o'ls:orocrsi 96oOt:reJ geB et:zsl ocoen:

edoqoarrl8O ozorgtog: grg96rqoito:z5J oorr eJ qzsfao.6

oqEoco{ OiO836oclrEocsf OrOzodEo@c"oO de3asOoOga':c coeoedj oerc@

(II.)*Tnn Aul.nnrd Conpuorvr.

It is interesting to find a.n analogous custom, mutatis mtttanclis,existing to this ciay in many rural districts of Englant.l, anjmarliedly Devonshire and Cornrvall.

fhe custom of (t crvi.g trre nech"-a relic of olcl heathe'worship, whether of 'I'eutorLic or Celtic origi', to the gotidess whopresided over tlre eart]r's fruits-is thus described in Mrs. Bray,.sttlrnditions

of Devonshire" .-

," JIIhen the reaping is finished, towards evening the labourers

select some of the best ears of corr from the srreaves. 'rhese thevtie togetlrer, antl it is called" t;,e naclt. Th" .";p;;; ";;;;;ito.a high place. The mau who bears the offering stands in thenitlst..an,l elevates it, while all the other labourers fbrm them_octvss 16[6 a circ]e abo.t hirn. Each h.ltis aloft his hook, a'd ine rlroment tlrey all shout tbeso worcls : Arnach 1o, oi ,roiS,til;:!.:

.*"::h.; . ru,houen (pronounced wee-/taa-en), wehauen,4cn:11PtL. This is repeated three several times.,'

*#,":.:!,meanilg 6'a bunch of ears of corn,,, when thus coupled

,rii..!rr!:r" expresses either a wish for a prosperous (Norse,

;";::':iO4^narvesi, or the joy that fts labours are endi,t (we_'"-tt), $ee Notes aud Queries, bth Ser"ies, Vols. VI., IX.

Ltirht ntd nghufht SamanalttgaluboQin ela migorz sathdnah gennaud

rlesi tunsigen ;ali ntarla poiu gtiuti eln'aul gra biiu aaQd chpeti d

hutpeti paspeti sa,peti satpetidf' barytlialuti pidi hiriagtla pgsi

.rosscc'ri goyan hapri halauitula tlamd

Deti dsti hum'ana dptiRan rleti ridi deliIfutupila niha demata hobbd hoson dqti

Menan tlpti pasah gena

Pas deneh sifa hola salti elalil)enneh gott dahhatiDez:iud aerla sititiGouiyti aeda haratiMedd md raja ham,ata[a

Itti .ualtapati poli'

Seven yokes of rvhite bullirloes having been brought from Adarn's P

al, Mdrrchata on Sunday, when the fir'st, secontl, ancl third ploughi

have beerr pcrfolmetl, and ttre mud leveiled, with pdru, channels opt

seed sowni the parltly (plauts) risen to their first. secontl, third' fo

fiI'th, sixth un.l ."oetitliltodes, end become pregnant with ears, the

apperred and the glain rnaturecl. After the thleshing-flcor has

JouRNAr,r B. A, s. (cnvr'ou)', [Vo1. VIII. ': gs, 26.-1S83.J renrv cLrLrIVArroN cusrort{s,Q'

I

I-t5l-.e ! Zl

:. t ? E +i-:!

.. e: !'.d | !

rio FftelF.\*ru lnl!lo1 . l=l'-l.t

rd1*

i,O!eq-i.' : 13Y d l.-

l566

= !. l-

>r > li__j=-; i€

l=t9Itsir

e l!)d19

i lbo:' I .=

d : i?t9

l*______--_! i o]Gi+'loiolLtLd

IFI i9^d i|j

lir^

a. lF;b0

4! e'i': !

e 7.t=ar-pa1t

@u9r+D' b/':- F9,,-----------"--z

+i "u

l-a

di | -i

d,.o

Il\d

:,o'!tbnFF

:r

G

d(,

.t9+o

'^UAP

oo

Ia

k

g

-5O

Eo

F-

d;

v>

N.:

c)

Oc)a

a

gaFlFI

ts

LJ

\dia4dl]':

::YJ

.3

,td

''i' .d '9>d

;. .:'E l ;dEp

l.cFd

da

FA

l*i| .-.d ='t:" J. .i c- .r

.ad,=gJlE.! >

'' 1o.d d 6 Y'Lg E E U

^o

du

do

-

)^-.1.+II

IIli

)

O

oar! tE

o

3=!q= =-! ! ?. ^. :

,=.=P-q At n Y o; ; ; r: < b,- - @!i ln a * r 9 i:s € d! ! u 6 d g vlp 6 A.aai..iH-* i'.i; ;*dF)r€ r'a

i

*.65c !tr!- 'F .: ='iocii-:-1-? F, d E::,1-..:

,qa.o

!1i

-l tnQtr-oiOA

I

84 rouRNALr ri. A. s. (cnvloN)- [VoI' YIII'fo. 16,-1883']

rAnnv cur'rrvarrou cusrous' 85

ltllltlt

\d -.r '9 E Eb'S':"d d d d._qieae. =_. .oj{'i.=i';'E. I g k'*

.:*j 6t f I d H d d E 9-a

= = l FSEs; E.g'e€ tE:; d r = tr o-d -ii'.q*ni!;T€€jd + = X ;,.:'.'i c a.a4!!O

.d'Ec.dfad-t1'*a+

d

tN.;;:: I -, *lE\i' 'u6"e-.- r'9 f.c t90 :t4 €' -H i : .a$e'e'E\" 4?'i.? d-E;; s.i €'9 E # S-*,- !.'3 C-.!= e=-

.F .6 d*? Z r.:i: 'f .; llq. b0 6. .-

!il

a

r.dt

c --=.

.d 't; i{ i r l dN'3o .: .: E I !.* .- i.'s .* .se 6s 'sS:HeFE kF4 i'r A-& r+rF: .:E

i il-: : :' tr j-'. +-d ; F

E ES _3 -u *Eii't E€

-i .ti -:: .58.:'edip-tiaah;)^a)

i .:T !eo+ J d d c o'=4. :-, A.= t i,. A

t 'r -EP-. a a

.c

t> > €

\03;>\6d--.=.-d,_I yIEgIrsr'[F.s

; i c s a; + E so!SE'i ,7 r .E s+F4 E P:i5 1{ *gl,i

.di 'S \6jf.6 Ed!'Ld=

.d 4 i'E'E A'E s'[V E t. - - ?:6 Cd d F .= = : ! i d

!!€:aaJ.h0r:-u * 5. i _g 3,'E_ 8.€

€:!\t

!!J-.cidd5:r* a; x

o

>=r

\:l3l.ErEN3lII:tqtb0 I.:l4lolL]

Go

o

atrIot{

:s

()

C)a)ao'e

a

FIo

il

HFg

A

o(J

I

o

=.-

if

-9.:d^gPa-! € =o:1d ilo:: c i=dap-Ad

dJ

'i

a

qoa€sH r-

o

b0c

.U€F!i'stI1Is^

86 JouRNAL, n' A' s' (cnvl'os)' [\rol' VI26.,.-lq83.l

pADDy clr,rryArroN cusroMs n gZ

(8.)Bar,t, on Drns.

rest at home.

Informertirrresgrantsoflandn,ereapportionedbytlreKtodifferentDetillesald.Koyils,wheretlistiuctgodswefeinfreqrrently worsbipped- , t .- ^!

'Ihus, to this day, the adjoining hamlets of lialutara'-on

r""irltia *"th of the Kaluga4ga, retain.the.names Disapt"i)"r'ortnrlo'

atd I/eld?tura' -'Ihe

former js saiil to tlerive its

from Diuasdshd2 a synonym of Vibhisana' brother of R6'

;;;';fit;;i rote' or Lairka a'd abd.ctor of Sita ; the latter

;;;;;. on the seaboard (l/ild) in which Ka"d. 5"TTitl"U"*U -"Ostanbial aid to the bereavetl Rirma against R6'v

il-;i--account it is asserte'l that Kataragama l)eviy6 is e

.iotty ttooootecl south of the KaJuga4ga'*

n 6|Dq6rj qcoqenesaf eeaig des:cBdoegJ OrOcBJilr. eooo(3j] *

"^ ^nrdr9

3,ad l i-ale)car 6 sj Oer';Jro I

6te v' J grrjosjoOS:Bcoedq ,ruO:E OqddOg:

,. o?€ eer3:ril1l-nO ego:J Oreo:Drs:cozsrod $Eo, dpro;

"jiorro*,rltl9ercJ;o zoperleo:erJoSO a$cooaseoergQO ocld6

^-.<'6fr?t;,v\= SerJco:aele3:GcoOdq reOcE Oc,d6OE :8lljcroe)O3:

4. 6A q. oqoqto6: OO g Ee6_co gQezdocgfao@csr elrj Oa::ij,oSsjcogjcr:e8:Gmedq a*oO:E Oe"66agiggjcrr:r,ef OB:

I

(e.)

INc.lNtartoNS usED rN DEYTYANNIi

gcoOdq zar@rE OgddOg r

Eerjcr::rjelOB r

6. 6:eq oO@ $g.aordJ,b).c$ gOaroOc: e$O:rJqrgerr} $rqoq€DB4;.ee gerfi ogf q dr €o O,: zrJff @ e A er8 cqcoc el l;JOi, {rJo$r.f ;:;;;r: sj8cso:zsf

- e 0,6 ol Q d cn: e: enl esr gQOr.d oef Ji::el Oco r co rJ e ec <ijor$oor} 6,de oO g,.ro:O

?;je1o9 auogfa.:O @,6 gd(5); -;;;ErrOoEer O: I e3ogCe g € cs ro. I a codrd il oa;, O.aO O,a "f

g *=OL]Ed.{QOr5odJ5:'trgce:to gJ Oo:r}ec,S sjcosjeoO3:Gcoedq re@rg Oqd6Og:

I 7. f td€C g glOsJ GrO:tiot:*o*'E e8es:o $a:r doeo as:erdsr ODee€r 3 6r src jr :rJ ee' c;e: oq? rlqt 6,qe, g*5 O_, ;^;;J;;&goO api: --a"rO oddrecoO u..sr-,.:cc5o-.4)rg,:sO oes6slq

P^o:3 oo 5q asr aqo o,s#r ..., 5 j;; ;:J; eJssoco

" a, : ooft d fl Eor oceo 5 Soooer do o, do^;o;;;"ir"-o,

" zs: :q*drlajOo s+eo trl :. 5J4D ) {rJo:J O ebco{D ao ster g Oe,, QO eCrsldr 6: eOoc, 6cqd60F,

g lJcoedo-re3:

d. gDOq 6aOd 8"o,4 g89O OlOEEeo &e€dolrrJOar{'J.3'

A.g:tcoeiraeg:

Srrjco.Ll:JaDeB:

SsjcotrjsrO8:SoOdq aro@:3 Oqd6OE.

QOr6od,fr:*o@cor

tr)AN.tv,s..

orOgoOO( I.)-tsgldogoqg€aa{oe$ qo'd eqal\-'l 6crsl eir6znrolgf'

eloOreoees sctrooar Edeoo€Dr eo@:aOfle ou'

90oo6 !

1. aoecen$oai @gOsiO:Ederriror: 6,oluoO fl 6OaiC :

gdesE eOdcococnzsi flgOerJO ;

9A^ e:9 qeteo'?s'ro Q b)drao(1i: :

eintlzoo m@SEeenr:o aogs :

;#; f's-e-c.,t'- ao!;:qarmmo @go

SceOdq aeo@r8 OgddOg:lJerjcosJeoOS:

ooq o:2 qrrr--*rif :"*ruj as:eo @6oOcJa QgoOo: aod e.rrO S 3 eo or a: JO, o oes J ao) ,9oor

€D sJd6 sdcJ,

g_oodq;o@rg OqC6O€:rjicorier:ej€: -

eri'oiJ. o' o 9eo q o e &a:ce o,

-Q!r 1l o, eo, *go: g ger qare ai o

d;:9 o{ e:6ceO OrC@a:a' Oird6 to9erlq5o6osjaaO,:r

* The above ingenious but {rrnciful derirations arc giren for w

are worth,

88 JouRNAL, R. A. s. (cnvr,oN)' [Vol' V

Namd Tassa Bhagauatri' AraTtato Sammd' Sam Bud'dhassa'

Permission !

l. Be thou lluddha to the end <tf a halpa:

Be tltou Buddha for immeasurable time:Be thou Buddhn whilst sun and moon exist :

Ile thou Buddha for a thcusand fall halpas:

for a thousand intermccliate halpas :for a thousand samauarshaptunu halpas :

for a thousand tiyu-ttarshaptartu' hnlpas !

2. 0 Sahampati, urighty lord Br6hma, who with one frnger su

tbese 10,000 uni.vcrses (sahwula),accept our merits :

pardon our o{feuces :

hear r-rs !

3, 0 illustrious Vish4u, greet hen'venl,v kiug, who residest on

ku+{ilra Mounr, risten to r;:.r#i:llT::lT:. to thee,

&c., &c.

4. O Sakra, mighiy king of heaven, lortl of two god-'worlds,

accepL oul' mcrits :

&c., &c.

5. O great heavenly king I'svara, the presiding deity of the

cycle of twenty yearst sccept our merits :

&c., &c.

r O benvr.nll.kirrg l-ita, who hopest to become a Brrddha rvhou ive

hoivo'1""" c\f r'i'(ri

-".;:.: "r" nrcr.irs :

^ ,. hearenl_v hing $antano presirlin"{ over Samanta,lcnta parvatn

.,- ,. I,eak), Irivdgnhiva, e*rcred lotus-like San:rnnla Sripitla,($|ffi ,;,;,;',, Lrr ra id,

ceept onr nrerits :

,!t'., &r..

PA,DDY OULI]IVN,TION CUS'rOMS. E9

(I f .) --a$6'ga3,i$ g)O ffi m ar oarQed*rs. tr

'Nit' 26'-1slii')

a9,6il5 oO88g'tr85gna clrO'to$sl

orefOtqar@ qledn d$'6 c.d e?O6

6OeoelsJ qd'€dqerzoo{D5l' d.5o: 8gioqacti€Dl;} alg zqer$

6,o:rJoqO 13g Or$doooJcSoE ffoco.5jtri:rogdlezo6OOiQsloqOOggc,oo:{1,::iloro:ogre ocoredOllr$tciOozsgalrnE.:doefooeooo: Ocogorcsr: E erJ

oOzoQq QOdgCJQBzogercoO 9ooqSoarocnaf SrorgrcDrcndd oreet O1Q.n1crgq0tl3docosJOrQg orc@coeessJgGsJqO lqegscrJ

Sc.szsloq8 es go€oz.OOqdo6118{tJSzsrc:Fi)oetrOgstdoclr8-cJ OO orm a3f oSrriOdrrrorr@oO@rr}oeo:oq7odqr58QoO6sleod.arO.cogrocoer}oerodor@:o{8oodeecee deo qdgzoceiqdotncqgl oOSooJgroedSS oao:eocszr}o6O:o(tlrd ol9ocorgal@6o90 oo:6oq€et'o:do0q Qrogz8erJcog@oo:6 eooeilreflccneS@ @g 65cOcelSQcooorJeneroO186 8€coO

QEocr::8:rJ 6giqcoO6coroO:d E5{tJ OO

€l$cor ooieJslgsjoo:d o@:prJ ooodfOr884:gr OeJqOroco.6eogO 6gd@edeo:OOqaod@sJoraorcr@pg OdO@d@6dioOed oco.6 g8crlgciSaSSffeoOoolenO:rJEQel:geSoJgQeoezri66 gdeddgoercoiqOo"foe@$J

;l

it

6, O great Vishgu, heavenly kiug, who art seatedst on the

f,rll-groin garuda, of blue^colour, of eminent:"I:"",' Tho,,:

o"t ifri. L"uitt u lt three footsteps, when entrusted to thee

h.orenly king Salrra, rluring the existcnce of Bnddhism'

omniscilnt, ti'ue, and perfi:ct Lord Burldha, 1'eacher of the

'\Morlds (Bud'd'ha-sisaniya) \har will last' 5,500 years'.to sh^ow

7. 0 Kat*ra,gama Kanclaswftmi, of the race of the f'-rur gods' U

(V is'o4u ), Sami,n-bok salla, Vibhisana, and illustriou's N^*{"1,1

;;;"ii;;.i;;;;,"i, - *r..' presiclest over. l)evunda m D6v'at6'

kataragam D6vit6, 1(u{6, t(ataragam l)6r'61c., Pu"nnaswaram,-

irrhut ;tunt* of tltis glorious Larika the path to the bliss of thOi

('death-ceasi.g" Nitt6tu;."ept our merits :

&c,, &c.

Sellaucftwa, Rankanda, Ridikancla, ]\lenikgag96'va,'liriniga4

v6ga4giga, lgmbiliviminaya, Kiri Vehera, iisten with divine

ness to the prayers addressed to thee,

ar:cept our merits :

&c., &c'

*--\-..-_p.,tiiilt, yddinn,a-n rery di.sjointed ancl hrrdty intelligible account of

' 1/tIUil-l[ used durirg the,tKi,ri, itaracittta,,, cgremouial.

90 JOUR\-AL, N. A. s. (cnvr.ox,1. [Vol.

AOengQasrQpo.sl

QSzs:6sl gto@orJQ8oordeJ qee@o:rJ

6Otri OdqzsigosJgo:rJ es @r O:;J oq ScooroJdec€r oOercOrqoeotsre drSzrJe:Qoc-JOr QorrOr{orosJ Oep QosJOr

Yu, -"tt't P aDDY cu''rIYarIoN cusro*s'

^ke er=Oosrec o2OJlsJ OzS oodI' eu', l" -.a * ^6Jtrtr+ o,F ^Jt' ;;; Ar.rsiOr-t orOf cJ OrS ocd

f,3.4 "11rn)

cfl6ozof oao@ odiJ:,e a^^cc eaki6 oq€ G\d

o aBoq?c'f' eS9 erero:r} o.'," ie^6 ddqesl gO gltcc$ 65r

aaqta26sa csaf,6) o{erii ol5J

g6oq5 c'oAlB e:Orco:rJ orf

10. ooq8coJr eS6 er:Orcr:rJ o,,-J *'Qco*.tt. Edgoq8oo:: zSB e:O:cotd ocJ gcQco*.

n. al,er,4@62 e36 <:cecar:sJ ool q:r{c08.

tg. {orztolq86 235 €rOrsllrJ o'rJ gr{co€.14. a@aJoq8g zSB c:cO:oal o.trJ qcQcog.

15. SSeoooq8 z36 c:cOccoer} osJ grQco€.i6. c')66)q8ocf'l 8B erO:coid oroj qcQog.17. eoJz3.d3oq8 eS8 ecOrotr} orrrJ gr{og.18. Orcrgoq8 ei8 erOrsrcJ o,sr q:QoE.19. oqoOcgl oq8g aSB ecOro:crJ 6l6J20. @ocrrgorQBg e$8 ereccocrj orerJ

l, '(Parted Ii'om my spouse, I am left alonr:Left to stille my heart,s love :L€ft with tJre grief born on that day_,,'I'hus mourneth pattini.

,. tt n{/ spouse has goue to tradeTo the great city Madura.Hrxv many gows is it distantISay, Iiali I comfolt me.

3. .'Like the hare in rnoon midst,So liyed we in fond lovc.

91cnOoooc6:rJ Oct ostoteSgldO OrOoctrGrit@1d1 o,en:Ca;d1qarouor roO.Q g coOorc5)g I {rJ6@6eqe:oroodoO6f@OOOOqroerlO1O@O:esoel:8osJ

6dp6O OS@o:d6lq(r{D Ot[ qo]@6){s

(f Il;*66'eelJts6 oOgrOO 6aeetI Eid*.6oo:nl oOaJO cff

€ooeooenqe qrdO 6Oq€D err@6 g,6erJ 6q,6)di o@ogcs eo}6eSOoco6@ 6co oegq:@@9531dO6 gOdqz{q oas:cooesf orQ DOd:ScoO ao@co oeofQco O

cc:Od @1q t3ec6eng

Ocodzog Seozo ocorg;Ocood 6t@ oeo:g OlOao€roa zSO qq.oo{D;e

oceOo @g oeore3co{oe€Dio€fJ €uo OlgoeD5Jcnrn es8cserj gmzsrd@E@ eOrOg zSoJ

goocc4$6 8O Scscc

orsrrc:ecD pg Oqq eOesdeoO go oOerelggQd Q6zq! qOrs€o6.,{Doqd 6dasf zsSog8oq6o,r g& Oormf Eg,Od corqf 8q SOrogOd ooqd qcs OaoS

e:1co8co 60 66o9ro O@eodcoco oeorE &60r€ oo.6 fiO goc

€oeoce€D ezrJets6esg e1S OqOleo o@gdccO oc"€o gd1zo6

- t A mere fra,gment in verse of the story of Fattini,

lhe ytirtrin,na given abr.rve. Ior a fultei account ofFattrni-h,(lla.

,lIy spousc is a goutl lrelprrrare;vYhy oomcs he nur to tiri: Ca.y.r

" 0ffcred thcy not ibr thc br.;rcelet.s Illas chenge coure o.(,r. his ruinil .:

Or maJhap sorne ollrer sorlowtlas delayed rny lortl."

lTtnt:* tears that weII in ber oycr,cheeks, bofi,, back, all,:.:i t" ber foot,s sole,rJrleless as a log remaiu.

T: ^ttn the cow she forbid<terb,j, o":qh the calrcs siand Iowing ;

nl.*t"*. tLe pinfolds rbey buret for.th.riY tens tbey rcanrpcr home.

u6!s.f

oo{oolOco,

o6f

6t6t6t6t

6rqtoqtoqf6'Qf

cqsq

ooc,

o

recitecl su

ooc)

o

6.e,eteret

the goddees 6€0

T,

JuuBNAL, R. a. s, (curr,ox). [Yc,l.

'Ihe ground is hoed antl neally trimmed,tsure white sancl bronght and strervn IFor tirc aclvent feasi of holy l'attini.I)egcend to this city dispeliing evil !

By irdi rryibh the bracclets she cante IL\y irdi t.ame slre uu f,,oL ;

l4y irdi the bracelets shone like fire.Guard and bless us, I'attini !

O sun god ! accept our uilh ollering:I'aldon the faults thou knorvest:Ilestow happiness on these patients :

0 Srin gocl ! aocept our milik. olferir,g.

10. 0 llloon goil ! &c.11. 0 Vishrlu! &c.12. O l(anda Kuruara ! &c.13. O l{ir0! &c.14. 0 Saman! &c.15. O Vibhisana! &c.]6. O Ga','adevi!&c.17" () Pattini!&c.18. 0 Visala Dcvi ! &c.19. 0 l)evolI)evindu! &c.

20. 0 \,I*BealaI)evindu! &c

(10.)

$ronv cl-E Rir,a,rr.{rn.

Long ago in Kosgama, a village of the Wosternthere tri recl a mau of respectable bilth, calleil liud6, RiilahSmi,waiJ sultrering f,rom the \yorst form of tbat loat,hsome dp(ir&I.gi,. 'Ihis nan, as aD outcast, was forced to livc a,lone,

from lrarrnts of mer1, in a pela, or smali hu[, for fear lestnrighi be curseil rn'ith tho same compl:r,int, Ilis meals weretlav brougl-rt anci placed on a stone or other elevation ilot !b,r

the'pe{a, by trris relations, wtrio shunned his very sight, ubelief that his mere giance falling on them wonld sufiice tornunicilte tlre fcli disease.

One colrl rainy evening ar tirydiyti., or fakfr', took shelterhis roofi anrl to heep theru both rvarrn l<iudied a fire nea,r theshelf (nrcssoJ on rviiich R6lahilrri siept, laying hirnselfclose by. During the night the pela took fire, anal the

dr,p uext rnollirrg the man rvho brought bis meal as usual fouDd

, -')ltnl,rrr'trt to 1Lc grourd and the charred rernains of a human!'rl,'- llrr" Le ucturnJly conclLrded to l-re R6lahirni, and returne4

lllir'*trt' ihe rcws io the relatious, who rvere secretly glad to be

rid\of drebT:'{iiL u,rf. tur,rte ma,n, who hail been the whoie clay in

:#;;*;';,',',:Ji.l".:'"";{J::lX:'T,f il':JJI;';';*l jJ'-'i:,'frut rgri'r .: .ouu, as,opcncd' and a voicc srirl : ,,HusL ! RJ,lah6-

,i"fr" rvrslr_urn.tio rleath, has come llack to revengc hirnself on us-as a XIr,ta-Yaftti.'_' [-'nderstanding by this that it would be im_possil;le to get tbc..p''"ple to believe that hc was $till alive,ospecialty irr Lis. orifblccd naketlness, he resorted to a plan foreecuring a legulrrr srrplily o{' food ard of milk, of nuli"l, ir"was in speci,,l need, as fi'orn its coolness it noilltl givehim atleasttemporar.l rcliell

No. 36."-lls3'J r'tlur cuLrlYA?IoN cusloffs.

' 'Tells hoq. ti,e rlnrdging goblin sweatr o uRrt lri; cream hus I dllv ecl,,,*Ir.Ulrlr,,,

(r,f

8.

9.

l

l

'I'he f.llowi'g uight stea-tthiry ente.i'g a catt-le e'crosure, hemanaged to tlrive out unobserved some young calves, a.ntl totether thcm iu the jnngie. 'Ihe-next morning the orvners missingthe calves, rrriltle evely search for thcm, but in vain. A clav o".two after the ieper cautiously approacherl at deail of night tlielrouses of the persors *'rrom he had robbetr, antl hnockinia,t thedoors, saitl i' solen' tones_(, Spa.e l{utl6, Ri,lahdmi _lit ouafrod daily, and your calves .will be founcl !i, l,hus saying, he hidhimself bef',-,r'e they coutrd open iheir doorr, unJ see who knoclie..As the.y conld uot tliscover anyone near about, with innate supersti_liousuess tl-re cattle-owners imagined that some deity or riemonhrd filclietl r'e calr.es an. thrs ,rltin.a nis wa,rts. .tr he followingday, therefbre,tlrey took care to provide milk anti rice for R6i:rh6mi,who orr his part ailowed

,the calves to st."y ,r""f. t'" the pinfol<I.

.,The practicc t.as coutinueil so long a,s he lived, and it is saiclthat on Lis rleath he was metamorpbosed into Rrtdti-!h/t|t, morelilffi t*

i:|y ^Lrn

cl ei' the .u-.. r{ u ct d- R titaiami or Kos s amaW:'i;;^":::.oilrr1nqs of miih are grearly acceptable.

"*l; i;i;.:.:'::ItPt'olrably here (with jusr such ,tio..g"o.. n,

llq:i;:y;i::ilil{&::;1,'*::}:,',1Til'ir;T:l;'::Tlhilk,,';";,,,".::;.

-'granrtiine's maids were .r,ont to set a bowl of

n , *"u.'rlJ.,",?l,l,f itl.r.,.rr " Frobgolitin" s1 ,, puck,,, Sh"k*;;*;;_

'*''ritilr ru the " Midsumrner l{ight's Drearn.,,

perished ilr the {lairren.the Iepor har.elv escapirrsr \1,ii'lr his life