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Short hairpin RNAs
Dave Lyons
May 2009
Short hairpin RNAs
• Discovery of interfering RNAs
• shRNAs in biology
• shRNAs in medicine
Short hairpin RNAs
• Discovery of interfering RNAs
• shRNAs in biology
• shRNAs in medicine
Discovery of RNAi
1990 2000 2010. . .
“Invention” of shRNA
2000 2010
Paddison et al. 2002
“Invention” of shRNA
Paddison et al. 2002; Rao et al. 2009
Short hairpin RNAs
• Discovery of interfering RNAs
• shRNAs in biology
• shRNAs in medicine
shRNA in biological research
• Large-scale screens
• In vivo studies
• Validation
shRNAs for large-scale screens
Dykxhoorn and Lieberman 2005
shRNAs for in vivo studies
Dykxhoorn and Lieberman 2005
1.) Mouse KO / KI / BAC
2.) Transplantation of infected SCs
3.) Infect mouse with vector
shRNAs for in vivo studies
Dykxhoorn and Lieberman 2005; Giering et al. 2008
4.) Tail vein injection
Pol II promoter
Pol III promoter
shRNA - validation
Dykxhoorn and Lieberman 2005; Giering et al. 2008
4.) Tail vein injection
Pol II promoter
Pol III promoter Pol III promoter
Pol II promoter
Off-target effects?
shRNA - validation
1.) need a phenotypic assay to accurately confirm on-target effect.
2.) need to control for specific and non-specific off-target effects.
- expression profiling of transfected controls
- general immune response?
- bottleneck effects (e.g. nuclear export)
Short hairpin RNAs
• Discovery of interfering RNAs
• shRNAs in biology
• shRNAs in medicine
shRNA in medicine
• shRNA is difficult to deliver without viruses but in vivo experiments in mouse suggest better overall for specificity than siRNA.
• Successful viral targeting is central to future of shRNA therapeutics.
• Clinical trials with siRNA outnumber shRNA currently.