SHEAR DOWELS 10 · associated with sliding sleeves that can be made of stainless steel, hot-dipped galvanized steel, synthetic materials, or plastic (polyethylene or PVC). The sleeves

SHEAR DOWELS 10

SHEAR DOWELS

CONTENTS

Description and Denomination 10 - 03

Routine Applications and choice 10 - 05 of Expansion System

Sizing Principles 10 - 08

Placement Principles 10 - 04

Technical Characteristics 10 - 16

Load Nomographs 10 - 17

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DESCRIPTION AND DENOMINATION

Dirax dowels are structural components used to take out shear and in some cases bracing forces across expansion joints while allowing the expansion movements in the structures.

They are bars with a circular cross-section, made of stainless or hot-dipped galvanized steel. These bars are associated with sliding sleeves that can be made of stainless steel, hot-dipped galvanized steel, synthetic materials, or plastic (polyethylene or PVC). The sleeves have a cylindrical cross-section when they allow only axial movement of the dowel and a rectangular cross-section when they also allow lateral movement. The Dirax dowel system also includes HA-FE-E500 steel rebars, essential to taking out the shear force.

Part No Designation Materials Weight

011947 DIRAX 20 STAINLESS STEEL Stainless steel 0.74




Part No Designation Materials Weight

011943 DIRAX 20 GALVANIZED Galvanized steel 0.78




GCA 305 001 MAJ 24/02/2016

Mandelli – Setra ■ ZI -267 Avenue Albert Einstein ■ 77550 Moissy-Cramayel Tél.: 01 64 05 30 44 ■ Fax: 01 64 05 89 06 ■ S.A.S. au capital de 170 000€ RCS Melun B 612 880 492

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DIRAX DOWELS Technical Advisory 3/15-815

GOUJONS DIRAX Avis Technique 03/15-815

GCA 305 001 MAJ 24/02/2016


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Description and denomination

Dirax dowels are structural components used to take out shear and in some cases bracing forces across expansion joints while allowing the expansion movements of the structures.

They are bars having a circular cross-section, made of stainless or hot-dipped galvanized steel. These bars are associated with sliding sleeves that can be made of stainless steel, hot-dipped galvanized steel, synthetic materials, or plastic (polyethylene or PVC). The sleeves have a cylindrical cross-section when they allow only axial movement of the dowel and a rectangular cross-section when they also allow lateral movement. The Dirax dowel system also includes HA-FE-E500 steel rebars, essential to taking out the shear force.

Dowel J (except Ø40) and P sleeves J40 and G40 sleeves Z and O sleeves

1.1. Stainless-steel dowels

P/N Designation Materials Selling unit Weight

011947 DIRAX 20 STAINLESS STEEL Stainless steel 1 0.74




1.2. Galvanized dowels

P/N Designation Materials Selling unit Weight

011943 DIRAX 20 GALVANIZED Galvanized steel 1 0.78




Vru

dilatation


1.1. Stainless-steel dowels

Vu

Dilation

1.2. Galvanized dowels

a²


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www.cfsfixings.com0410

Part No Designation Dowel Sleeve Weight Lateral movement DL (mm)

011945 DIRAX 20 G/P Galvanized steel PVC 0.85 NO

011946 DIRAX 20 G/Z Galvanized steel Polyethylene 0.88 + /- 20

011955 DIRAX 20 I/P Stainless steel PVC 0.82 NO

011957 DIRAX 20 I/Z Stainless steel Polyethylene 0.85 + /- 20

011952 DIRAX 20 I/J Stainless steel Stainless steel 0.95 NO

011954 DIRAX 20 I/O Stainless steel Stainless steel 1.26 + /- 10









011980 DIRAX 40 G/G Galvanized steel Galvanized steel 6.5 NO

011982 DIRAX 40 I/J Stainless steel. Stainless steel 6.12 NO

011983 DIRAX 40 I/O Stainless steel. Stainless steel 8.26 + /- 20

1.4. Sleeve + dowel assemblies

DIRAX DOWELS

Routine applications and choice of expansion system

1.1 Types of application

DIRAX dowels make it possible to simplify structures:

a) Elimination of corbels with sliding bearings

b) Elimination of double structures

c) Interaction between 2 retaining walls

Part No Designation Materials Weight Lateral movement DL (mm)

014135 DIRAX SLEEVE P-20 PVC 0.08 NO

014139 DIRAX SLEEVE Z-20 Polyethylene 0.11 + /- 20

014128 DIRAX SLEEVE J-20 Stainless steel 0.21 NO

013182 DIRAX SLEEVE O-20 Stainless steel 0.547 + /- 10







014127 DIRAX SLEEVE G-40 Galvanized steel 0.8 NO



1.3. Sleeves

Slab/wall junction:

The continuous corbel with sliding bearing is eliminated by using Dirax dowels, increasing internal space under a slab.

Expansion joint in a floor:

Dirax dowels can eliminate slab corbel and help to increase internal ceiling space.

Beam/Column or wall junction:

Dirax dowels can eliminate column corbel and help to increase internal corner space.

Slab/wall interaction:

Double structures such as double frames and sometimes double walls can be eliminated by using Dirax dowels

Interaction between retaining walls:

Stabilization is ensured by the Dirax dowels


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d) Acoustic insulation

Type A and type B E30 acoustic dowels are specially designed to take out shear forces and provide acoustic attenuation. Contact our technical or sales department.


GCA 305 001 MAJ 24/02/2016


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Routine applications and choice of expansion system

1.1. Types of application

DIRAX dowels make it possible to simplify structures:

a) Elimination of corbels with sliding bearings

Slab/shell junction:

The running corbel with sliding bearing is eliminated thanks to the use of Dirax dowels, adding clearance under a ceiling

Expansion joint in a floor:

The bracket with sliding bearing is eliminated thanks to the use of Dirax dowels

Beam / Column or shell junction:

The corbel with sliding bearing is eliminated thanks to the use of Dirax dowels

b) Elimination of double structures

Slab/shell junction:

Double structures such as double frames and sometimes double walls can be eliminated by using Dirax dowels

c) Junction between 2 retaining walls

Junction between retaining walls:

Stabilization is ensured by the Dirax dowels

d) Acoustic insulation

Type A and type B E30 acoustic dowels are specially designed to take out shear forces and provide acoustic attenuation. Contact our technical or sales department.

1.2. Areas of use

Dirax dowels can be used in reinforced or prestressed concrete building structures, cast in situ or precast, bearing loads having a primarily static character, such as administrative, commercial, school, hospital, residential, and office buildings and parking garages for light vehicles (not more than 30kN per axle). Uses under loads induced by heavy axles (not more than 130kN per axle) can be considered only in the interior slabs of industrial buildings.

a) Fire resistance

The dowels must be protected against fire, in the width of the joint, by CFS fire-stop beading or a panel of mineral wool. As for the rebars, it must be checked that the 3cm of coating is compatible with the required fire resistance. Use of the PVC or polyethylene sleeves is prohibited.

b) Bracing

Only dowel models for which the play between dowel and sleeve does not exceed 1mm can be used in the case of bracing. See the table below.

1.3. Choice of type of connector

The choice of type of dowel connector depends on the principal direction of expansion of the building and on the shape of the expansion joint:

• The dowels will have a circular cross-section when only axial displacement of the dowels is needed.

• They will have a rectangular cross-section when dual expansion (axial and lateral) is needed.

Part No Designation (possible associations)

Materials Use for bracing permitted

Dowel Connector

011945 DIRAX 20 G/P Galvanized steel PVC NO

011946 DIRAX 20 G/Z Galvanized steel Polyethylene NO

011955 DIRAX 20 I/P Stainless steel PVC NO

011957 DIRAX 20 I/Z Stainless steel Polyethylene NO

011952 DIRAX 20 I/J Stainless steel Stainless steel YES

011954 DIRAX 20 I/O Stainless steel Stainless steel NO









011980 DIRAX 40 G/G Galvanized steel Galvanized steel NO



Part No Designation (possible associations)

Materials Lateral movement DL (mm)

Dowel Sleeve


011946 DIRAX 20 G/Z Galvanized steel Polyethylene + /- 20


011957 DIRAX 20 I/Z Stainless steel Polyethylene + /- 20

011952 DIRAX 20 I/J Stainless steel Stainless steel NO

011954 DIRAX 20 I/O Stainless steel Stainless steel + /- 10









011980 DIRAX 40 G/G Galvanized steel Galvanized steel NO



Note: The use of Dirax dowels in bracing requires the presence of horizontal HA-FE-E500 steel rebars. The quantity of steel will be at least equal to that placed vertically. Contact our technical department.

Expansion joint

Cylindertype J,G or P

Rectangulartype O or ZCylinder

type J,G or P

Cylinder type J,G or P

Direction of expansion / contraction Direction of expansion / contraction

A

AB B

Expansion joint


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Sizing principles

Dirax dowels are sized to transmit shear forces between two structural elements. The sizing principles are defined in technical advisory.

1.1. Shear resistance

Three types of resistance are mentioned in technical advisory:

• VRu: Shear resistance under ULS (ultimate limit state) combinations.

• VRs: Shear resistance under SLS (serviceability limit state) combinations.

• VRa: Shear resistance under accidental ULS combinations.

These values, given at the back of this document, must be compared to the shear forces to be taken out.

Note: The shear resistance must be reduced according to the context in which the Dirax dowels are used.

a) Harmless cracking

Ultimate limit state calculations are used to size the dowels for harmless cracking. Resistance VRu must then satisfy the inequality

VRu ≥ 1,35G + 1,5Q

where G is the permanent load and Q the service load as defined in the Eurocode.

b) Harmful cracking and accidental situations

• An SLS calculation is used to size the dowels for harmful cracking.

• For sizing for an accidental situation, the dowel calculations must be done by comparing the accidental values to that of technical advisory (please contact CFS).

Note: For sizing of this type contact our technical department.

1.2. Design joint width

Final design joint width “a”, in millimetres, to be used when using the tables of shear resistance values is defined as follows:

a = a0 +Δas + Δad + Δae + Δaf

• a0 is the initial design joint width (value shown on the working drawings).

• Δas is the increase in joint width induced by the combination of actions considered in the verification.

• Δad is the increase in joint width induced by the delayed strains due to the effects of shrinkage and of temperature. If a fixed value is used for these effects, Δad is taken equal to 5mm. Otherwise, Δad is zero and the corresponding strains are included in Δas.

• Δae is the opening resulting from the positioning tolerance of the dowel and of the associated rebar. It is taken equal to 10mm except when each rebar is individually rigidly held so as to ensure a coating thickness with respect to the surface of not more than 20mm, in which case it can be taken equal to 5mm.

• Δaf is used to take into account the uncertainties specific to the sharing of the forces between dowels in the case of parts that are relatively inflexible. It is zero when at least one of the two elements joined by the dowels is a floor slab. It is taken equal to half of the diameter or of the height of the cross-section of the dowel otherwise.

1.3. Quality of concrete

The resistance values assume a concrete having a 28-day compressive strength (fc28) of 25 and 35 Mpa. No extrapolation is allowed.

1.4. Length of anchorage

DIRAX dowels must be used with an anchorage length “L” defined below

1.6. Principle of sizing in a slab

a) Shear resistance

1.5. Rebars

The rebars are essential for the operation of the dowels, they help to transmit the shear force to the whole of the mass of concrete nearby. Generally, the shear force transmitted is balanced on the load-bearing side by a compression rod (taken out by the concrete) and on the supported side by a tie-rod (taken out by the rebars). Rebars on the supported side only may therefore be sufficient. However, it is strongly recommended to reinforce both sides (supported and load-bearing). This helps to forestall any risk of error on site and is also useful when it is necessary to record the force on the load-bearing side.

The rebar must be sized per technical advisory and “Principle of sizing in a slab” and “Principle of sizing in a beam”

L\Φ 20 24 30 40

"Standard" anchorage

6.5Φ 130 156 195 260

Minimum anchorage

5Φ 100 120 150 200

L L

L

6.5 Φ2( ( VRu (L) VRu (L) = VRu *

VRs (L) VRs (L) = VRs *

VRa (L) VRa (L) = VRa *

L

6.5 Φ2( (

L

6.5 Φ2( (

L

6.5 Φ2( (

Part No Thickness of slab H (cm)

Vru (KN)

a0 = 20mma = 35mm (20 + 0 + 5 + 10 + 0)

fc28 ≥ 25 Mpa

a0 = 40mma = 55mm (40 + 0 + 5 + 10 + 0)

fc28 ≥ 25 Mpa

Dirax 20 15 23.2 18.5

Dirax 2418 35.0

29.919 36.7

Dirax 30

20 42.6 42.6

22 51.0 51.0

24 60.153.1

26 63.7

Dirax 40

30 91.45 91.4

35 122.1109.5

≥40 127.5

• For 5 diameters < anchorage length ≤ 6.5 diameters, the anchorage lengths are reduced by

This gives:

Notes: These values are given for a harmless cracking calculation. Interpolations are possible when using this table for different values of H, but extrapolations are forbidden.


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• a0 = initial design joint width.

• a = design joint width per technical advisory.

• Vru = shear resistance of the dowel, to be compared to the loads in the ULS calculation (1.35G + 1.5Q).

• The maximum spacing between 2 successive dowels is 8xH.

• The minimum spacing between 2 successive dowels is 2.5xH (otherwise, the cross-section of the rebars must be increased per technical advisory.

H

E

Er E E E E Er

N x E

L-JD (the length of D)

E min=1.25xH E max=4xH

Er

E min=2.5xH

E max=8xHE

Concrete downstand or wallSlab reinforcement

In-situ concrete slab

H

H/2 mini

Concrete downstand or wall

H

H/2 mini

H/2 mini

Site applied reinforcement In-situ concrete slab

Precast/ominia slab Reinforcement anchorage

Rreinforcement Shroud

Dirax Dowels

Vreinforcement

Dirax Dowels

Formwork/shuttering

Precast/ominia slab

Formwork/shuttering

H

E

Er E E E E Er

N x E

L-JD (the length of D)

E min=1.25xH E max=4xH

Er

E min=2.5xH

E max=8xHE

b) Rebars

3

2

1

≥d

≥d

3cm

3cm

≥d

≥d

d < 2L/3

H/2=L

3cm

3cm

≥d

≥d

1) Celgtu fg tgphrtxu C²� 2.6:éa²/Ig2) Celgtu hlncpxu fg ejclpcig3) Ecftgu er²tcpxu f² ejclpcig fg drtf

fg fcnng B C�3.33eo≥/on

3cm

3

2

1

≥d

≥d

3cm3cm

≥d

≥d

d < 2L/3

H/2=L

3cm

3cm

≥d

≥d

3cm

1

1

h

Ls

3

2

1

≥d

≥d

3cm

3cm

≥d

≥d

d < 2L/3

H/2=L

3cm

3cm

≥d

≥d

1) Celgtu fg tgphrtxu C²� 2.6:éa²/Ig2) Celgtu hlncpxu fg ejclpcig3) Ecftgu er²tcpxu f² ejclpcig fg drtf

fg fcnng B C�3.33eo≥/on

3cm

3

2

1

≥d

≥d

3cm3cm

≥d

≥d

d < 2L/3

H/2=L

3cm

3cm

≥d

≥d

3cm

1

1

h

Ls

1) A1 = Au = 2.68xVu/Fe

2) A2 = Au/2

3) A3 ≥ 3.33cm²/ml

Ls ≥ 50Φ

Part No Thickness of slab H (cm)

Vru (KN)

a0 = 20mma = 35mm (20 + 0 + 5 + 10 + 0) fc28≥ 25 Mp

a0 = 40mma = 55mm (40 + 0 + 5 + 10 + 0) fc28≥ 25 Mpa

Dirax 20 15

4 HA 8 4 HA 8Dirax 24

18

19

Dirax 30

204 HA 10

4 HA 1022

244 HA 12

26

Dirax 40

30 4 HA 16 4 HA 16

354 HA 16 4 HA 16

≥40

c) Special cases

For particular applications (harmful cracking calculation, fire truck loads, earthquake zone, fc28 ≥ 35 Mpa, etc.), it is essential to refer to technical advisory or our technical department.

1.7. Special applications in shuttering floor slabs

a) Shuttering floor slab stop 30cm from the expansion joint

Method valid only for shuttering floor slabs made of reinforced concrete:

• Reconstitution of the slab edge continuity is maintained, entirely cast in situ.

• Anchoring of the shuttering floor slab by its by existing reinforcement in the omnia type decking.

1) Reinforcement steel Au≥ 2.68xVu/Fe2) Chaining steel3) current edge chaining frames slab: A≥3.33cm²/ml


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Concrete downstand or wallSlab reinforcement

In-situ concrete slab

H

H/2 mini

Concrete downstand or wall

H

H/2 mini

H/2 mini

Site applied reinforcement In-situ concrete slab

Precast/ominia slab Reinforcement anchorage

Rreinforcement Shroud

Dirax Dowels

Vreinforcement

Dirax Dowels

Formwork/shuttering

Precast/ominia slab

Formwork/shuttering

b) Complete shuttering floor slab without cast-in chain bond

Method valid for shuttering floor slabs made of reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete:

• An internal link must be created between the shuttering floor slab and the chain bond; it will be added using rebar hangers or any other suitable approved means.

Note: This diagram explains the principle of placement of the dowel but does not show the complementary rebars that are necessary for this type of bearing.

For case 2, it is essential to check that the dowels in fact work in shear ( zero moment ), that the shear dowel does not interfere with the thickness of the shuttering floor slab according to their position and positions do not interfere with the thickness of the shuttering floor slab (watch out for the diameter and the minimum H/2, depending on the model).

It is not essential to have the dowel in the centreline of the slab.

Notes: The shear forces Vru of the table above already take into account the reduction coefficients required by this technical advisory, namely: 0.75 for a single dowel, 0.90 in the case of 2 dowels.

Notes: These values are given for a harmless cracking calculation.Interpolations are possible when using this table for different values of H, but extrapolations are forbidden.

1.8. Principle of sizing in a beam

a) Shear resistance

b) Rebars

HA-FE-E500 rebars must be placed as indicated by the schematic diagrams below.

Reinforcements

1) Vertical reinforcements A1 = 2.68 x Vu/Fe

2) Horizontal reinforcements A2 = 2.68 x Vu/Fe

3) Hangers (frames) A3 = 1.15 x Vu/Fe

4) Hangers A4 = 2.68 x Vu/Fe

5) Hangers Ls≥ 50 Ø

• a0 = initial design joint width

• a = design joint width per technical advisory

- a = a0 + 0 + 5 + 10 + 0 in the case of a single dowel

- a = a0 + 0 + 5 + 10 + 1/2 dowel diameter in the case of several dowels in girder stop ends

• Vru = shear resistance of the dowel, to be compared to the loads in the ULS calculation (1.35G + 1.5Q)

• H = height equal to the smaller of the following two distances:

- spacing between two superimposed dowels

- twice the distance to the nearest surface in the direction of the shear force transmitted by he dowel.

• Ht = total height of the beam for the number of dowels concerned if they are superimposed.

• In the case of a girder requiring a double column of dowels, the spacing between them must be at least H. The distance to the edges remaining H/2

Type H Shear resistance Vru (KN)for an expansion joint with a0 = 20mm and fc28 ≥ 25 Mpa

Min. 1 dowel (Coeff: 0.75 x Vru) 2 dowels (Coeff: 0.90 x Vru) 3 dowels

(cm) a Total of Vru

Min. Ht a (cm) Total of Vru

Min. Ht a (cm) Total of Vru Min. Ht

DIRAX 20 15 35 17.4 15 45 37.1 30 45 n x 20.62 n x 15

DIRAX 2418

3526.25 18

47 58.2636

47 n x 32.37n x 18

19 27.52 19 38 n x 19

DIRAX 30

20

35

31.95 20

50

76.80 40

50

n x 42.67 n x 20

22 38.25 22 91.87 44 n x 51.04 n x 22

24 45.07 2499.99

48n x 5.5.55

n x 24

26 47.77 26 52 n x 26

DIRAX 40

30

35

68.58 30

55

164.61 60

55

n x 91.45 n x 30

35 91.57 35197.11

70n x 109.51

n x 35

≥40 95.62 ≥40 80 n x 40

1

2

3

2

4


GCA 305 001 MAJ 24/02/2016


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It is not essential to have the dowel in the centreline of the slab. 1.8. Principle of sizing in a girder

a) Shear resistance

Type

Shear resistance Vru (KN) for an expansion joint with a0 = 20mm and fc28 ≥ 25 Mpa H

Min. 1 dowel (Coeff: 0.75 x Vru) 2 dowels (Coeff: 0.90 x Vru) 3 dowels (cm) a Total of Vru Min. Ht a Total of Vru Min. Ht a Total of Vru Min. Ht

DIRAX 20 15 35 17.4 15 45 37.11 30 45 n x 20.62 n x 15

DIRAX 24 18

35 26.25 18

47 58.26 36

47 n x 32.37 n x 18

19 27.52 19 38 n x 19

DIRAX 30

20

35

31.95 20

50

76.80 40

50

n x 42.67 n x 20 22 38.25 22 91.87 44 n x 51.04 n x 22 24 45.07 24

99.99 48

n x55.55 n x 24

26 47.77 26 52 n x 26

DIRAX 40 30

35 68.58 30

55 164.61 60

55 n x 91.45 n x 30

35 91.57 35 197.11

70 n x 109.51

n x 35 ≥40 95.62 ≥40 80 n x 40


a0 = initial design joint width

a = design joint width per technical advisory no. 3/15-815 - a = a0 + 0 + 5 + 10 + 0 in the case of a single dowel - a = a0 + 0 + 5 + 10 + 1/2 dowel diameter in the case of several dowels in girder stop ends

Vru = shear resistance of the dowel, to be compared to the loads in the ULS calculation (1.35G + 1.5Q)

H = height equal to the smaller of the following two distances: - spacing between two superimposed dowels - twice the distance to the nearest surface in the direction of the

shear force transmitted by the dowel.

Ht = total height of the girder for the number of dowels concerned if they are superimposed.

In the case of a girder requiring a double column of dowels, the spacing between them must be at least H. The distance to the edges remaining H/2

Notes: The shear forces Vru of the table above already take into account the reduction coefficients required by technical advisory 3/15-815, namely:

- 0.75 for a single dowel - 0.90 in the case of 2 dowels


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It is not essential to have the dowel in the centreline of the slab. 1.8. Principle of sizing in a girder

a) Shear resistance

Type

Shear resistance Vru (KN) for an expansion joint with a0 = 20mm and fc28 ≥ 25 Mpa H

Min. 1 dowel (Coeff: 0.75 x Vru) 2 dowels (Coeff: 0.90 x Vru) 3 dowels (cm) a Total of Vru Min. Ht a Total of Vru Min. Ht a Total of Vru Min. Ht

DIRAX 20 15 35 17.4 15 45 37.11 30 45 n x 20.62 n x 15

DIRAX 24 18

35 26.25 18

47 58.26 36

47 n x 32.37 n x 18

19 27.52 19 38 n x 19

DIRAX 30

20

35

31.95 20

50

76.80 40

50

n x 42.67 n x 20 22 38.25 22 91.87 44 n x 51.04 n x 22 24 45.07 24

99.99 48

n x55.55 n x 24

26 47.77 26 52 n x 26

DIRAX 40 30

35 68.58 30

55 164.61 60

55 n x 91.45 n x 30

35 91.57 35 197.11

70 n x 109.51

n x 35 ≥40 95.62 ≥40 80 n x 40


a0 = initial design joint width

a = design joint width per technical advisory no. 3/15-815 - a = a0 + 0 + 5 + 10 + 0 in the case of a single dowel - a = a0 + 0 + 5 + 10 + 1/2 dowel diameter in the case of several dowels in girder stop ends

Vru = shear resistance of the dowel, to be compared to the loads in the ULS calculation (1.35G + 1.5Q)

H = height equal to the smaller of the following two distances: - spacing between two superimposed dowels - twice the distance to the nearest surface in the direction of the

shear force transmitted by the dowel.

Ht = total height of the girder for the number of dowels concerned if they are superimposed.

In the case of a girder requiring a double column of dowels, the spacing between them must be at least H. The distance to the edges remaining H/2

Notes: The shear forces Vru of the table above already take into account the reduction coefficients required by technical advisory 3/15-815, namely:

- 0.75 for a single dowel - 0.90 in the case of 2 dowels

If the hangers do not also serve as reinforcements

If the vertical hangers also serve as reinforcements

1

2

3

2

4

2

4Ls

2

2

1

Ls

2

3

2

2

2

4Ls

2

2

1

Ls

2

3

2

2


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c) Special cases

For particular applications (harmful cracking calculation, fire truck loads, earthquake zone, fc28 ≥ 35 Mpa, etc.), it is essential to refer to technical advisory no. 3/15-815 or our technical department.

• Mark out the locations and alignments of the sliding sleeves

• Fit the Dirax sleeves on the shuttering. Pay attention to the orientation of Z and O sleeves. The “Up” label must be on the top of the sleeve so placed.

• Check the perpendicularity of the shuttering and the parallelism of the sleeves

• Place the rebars called for by the working drawings

• Check, immobilize, block up, and tie the rebars while at the same time making sure that they are correctly positioned

• Drilling with a diamond tool (see diameter D and drilling length L in table below).

• Placement of the DIRAX dowel in the hole drilled

• Bedding using a bedding compound (check the perpendicularity to the floor to be poured).

• Interposition of a resilient 2cm expansion joint filler.

• Placement of the sliding sleeve on the dowel, attaching and immobilizing it at 4 points (the position of the sleeve is important).

• Placement of the local rebars of the slab edge chain bond.

• Pouring of the supported floor.

• Pour the concrete alongside the sliding sleeves (do not pour the concrete directly onto the dowel)

• When the concrete is poured, it must be vibrated with the vibrator pointed towards the edge of the slab (beam), so that the sleeve is firmly applied against the shuttering

• Strip

• Remove the protecting labels from the sleeve

• Place the resilient joint filler

• For a fire-stop treatment, comply with the manufacturer’s technical recommendations*

• Insert the Dirax dowels in the sleeves (simple stop)

• Position the slab (beam) edge reinforcements as indicated by the working drawing. Do not forget the rebars at each dowel.

• Check, immobilize, block up, and tie the rebars while at the same time making sure that they are correctly positioned

• Pour the concrete alongside the connector (do not pour the concrete directly onto the dowel)

• When the concrete is poured, it must be vibrated with the vibrator pointed towards the edge of the slab (beam), so that the sleeve is held against the simple stop

• Dirax dowels are sized for a 25 Mpa concrete. Make sure that the concrete has matured enough to take out the shear force. If not, a shoring system must be placed.

Usage Instructions

1.1 Slabs and beams cast in situ

H/2

H/2

H/2

H/2

H/2

H/2

H/2

H/2

H/2

H/2

H/2

H/2

H/2

H/2

H/2

H/2

H/2

GCA 305 001 MAJ 24/02/2016


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GCA 305 001 MAJ 24/02/2016


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✔ ✘

*Note: CFS fire-stop joint available, contact us for any information

Table of drilling according to the diameters of the dowels (for a JD = 20mm):

Note: Placement procedure not covered by this technical advisory.

This procedure can be applied only to reinforced concrete structures that are massive enough to take out the shear forces. Make sure that the rebars and the quality of concrete are sufficient to take out the forces.

1.2. Case of shuttering floor slabs

Refer to the chapter, “Special applications in shuttering floor slabs”

1.3 Using a DIRAX dowel in an existing structure


GCA 305 001 MAJ 24/02/2016


Page 17/23

*Note: MS-COF and LRV fire-stop joint available, contact us for any information


Refer to the chapter, "Special applications in shuttering floor slabs"

1.3. Using a DIRAX dowel in an existing structure

Note: Placement procedure not covered by the technical advisory. This procedure can be applied only to reinforced concrete structures that are massive enough to take out the shear forces. Make sure that the rebars and the quality of concrete are sufficient to take out the forces.

Drilling with a diamond tool (see diameter D and drilling length L in table below).

Placement of the DIRAX dowel in the hole drilled

Bedding using a bedding compound (check the perpendicularity to the floor to be poured).

Interposition of a resilient 2cm expansion joint filler.

Placement of the sliding sleeve on the dowel, attaching and immobilizing it at 4 points (the position of the sleeve is important).

Placement of the local rebars of the slab edge chain bond.

Pouring of the supported floor.


Dowel diameter 20 24 30 40 Drilling diameter (mm) 24 28 34 44 Drilling length (mm) 150 186 215 280


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GCA 305 001 MAJ 24/02/2016


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Dowel diameter 20 24 30 40

Drilling diameter (mm) 24 28 34 44

Drilling length (mm) 150 186 215 280

axis between floor levels





SH

EA

R D

OW

EL

S


Technical characteristics

1.1. Geometrical characteristics

Load nomographs

The values given below are taken from this technical advisory:

• ULS values (VRu): ratio of test failure value to design resistance >1.5

• SLS values (VRs): ratio of value at first cracking in tests to design resistance >2

• Accidental values (VRa): ratio of test failure value to design resistance close to unity

• a: design joint width per technical advisory.

- Reductions may have to be applied to the shear force depending on the context in which the Dirax dowels are used.- Interpolations are possible when using this table for different values of H.

1.2. Metallurgical and mechanical characteristics

L

L'

DØ Ø'

L'

AxB

Ø'

L'

AxB

axb

L

L'

DØ Ø'

L'

AxB

Ø'

L'

AxB

axb

L

L'

DØ Ø'

L'

AxB

Ø'

L'

AxB

axb


L

L'

DØ Ø'

L'

AxB

Ø'

L'

AxB

axb

L

L'

DØ Ø'

L'

AxB

Ø'

L'

AxB

axb

Part No Denominations (possible associations)

Materials Dimensions (mm)

Dowels Sleeves Dowels Sleeves

Ø L Ø’ a x b L’ D A x B

011945 DIRAX 20 G/P Galvanized PVC 20 300 27 — 160 100 —

011946 DIRAX 20 G/Z Galvanized steel Polyethylene 20 300 — 66x27 160 — 136x100

011955 DIRAX 20 I/P Stainless steel PVC 20 300 27 — 160 100 —

011957 DIRAX 20 I/Z Stainless steel Polyethylene 20 300 — 66x27 160 — 136x100

011952 DIRAX 20 I/J Stainless steel Stainless steel 20 300 25 — 160 100 —

011954 DIRAX 20 I/O Stainless steel Stainless steel 20 300 — 50x25 160 — 100x100

011960 DIRAX 24 G/P Galvanized steel PVC 24 360 32 — 190 100 —




011969 DIRAX 30 G/P Galvanized steel PVC 30 430 37 — 230 100 —




011980 DIRAX 40 G/G Galvanized steel Galvanized steel 40 560 45 — 300 — 130x130

011982 DIRAX 40 I/J Stainless steel Stainless steel 40 560 42.5 — 300 — 130x130


H = 15cm fc28 = 25 Mpa fc28 = 35 Mpa

Dowel dia. a 5 15 25 35 45 55 5 15 25 35 45 55

20

VRu 24.84 24.84 24.84 23.25 20.62 18.52 30.12 30.12 26.66 23.25 20.62 18.52

VRs 12.42 12.42 12.42 11.11 9.85 8.85 14.53 14.53 12.74 11.11 9.85 8.85

VRa 35.71 35.71 35.71 32.83 29.11 26.14 43.89 43.89 37.64 32.83 29.11 26.14

H = 16cm fc28 = 25 Mpa fc28 = 35 Mpa

Ø Dowel a 5 15 25 35 45 55 5 15 25 35 45 55

20

VRu 28.05 28.05 26.66 23.25 20.62 18.52 34.01 31.25 26.66 23.25 20.62 18.52

VRs 14.03 14.03 12.74 11.11 9.85 8.85 16.41 14.93 12.74 11.11 9.85 8.85

VRa 40.32 40.32 37.64 32.83 29.11 26.14 49.55 44.11 37.64 32.83 29.11 26.14

H = 17cm fc28 = 25 Mpa fc28 = 35 Mpa

Ø Dowel a 5 15 25 35 45 55 5 15 25 35 45 55

20

a 5 15 25 35 45 55 5 15 25 35 45 55

VRu 31.44 31.25 26.66 23.25 20.62 18.52 37.73 31.25 26.66 23.25 20.62 18.52

VRs 15.72 14.93 12.74 11.11 9.85 8.85 18.03 14.93 12.74 11.11 9.85 8.85

VRa 45.19 44.11 37.64 32.83 29.11 26.14 53.26 44.11 37.64 32.83 29.11 26.14

H = 18cm fc28 = 25 Mpa fc28 = 35 Mpa

Ø Dowel a 5 15 25 35 45 55 5 15 25 35 45 55

20

VRu 35.00 31.25 26.66 23.25 20.62 18.52 37.73 31.25 26.66 23.25 20.62 18.52

VRs 17.50 14.93 12.74 11.11 9.85 8.85 18.03 14.93 12.74 11.11 9.85 8.85

VRa 50.32 44.11 37.64 32.83 29.11 26.14 53.26 44.11 37.64 32.83 29.11 26.14

24

VRu 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 32.99 29.90 42.44 42.44 41.57 36.78 32.99 29.90

VRs 17.50 17.50 17.50 17.50 15.76 14.28 20.47 20.47 19.86 17.57 15.76 14.28

VRa 50.32 50.32 50.32 50.32 46.57 42.21 61.84 61.84 58.69 51.93 46.57 42.21

Series of dowel Galvanized DIRAX Stainless DIRAX

Steel: 42 CD 4 steel per EN10083-1 Duplex stainless steel per EN1.4462

Shape Round Round

Dimensions: Dia. 20-24-30 and 40mm 20-24-30 and 40mm

Metallurgical analysis

0.380 ≤ C ≤ 0.450 C ≤ 0.030

0.150 ≤ Si ≤ 0.400 - Si ≤ 1.000

0.600 ≤ Mn ≤ 0.900 - Mn ≤ 2.000

0.900 ≤ Cr ≤ 1.200 21.00 ≤ Cr ≤ 23.000

0.150 ≤ Mo ≤ 0.300 2.50 ≤ Mo ≤ 3.500

0.020 ≤ S ≤ 0.035 4.50 ≤ Ni ≤ 6.500

- - 0.025 0.10 ≤ N ≤ 0.200

- - - - S ≤ 0.015

Rp0.2 at least 770 N/mm² 750 N/mm²


SH

EA

R D

OW

EL

S


H = 19cm fc28 = 25 Mpa fc28 = 35 Mpa

Ø Dowel a 5 15 25 35 45 55 5 15 25 35 45 55

20

VRu 37.73 31.25 26.66 23.25 20.62 18.52 37.73 31.25 26.66 23.25 20.62 18.52

VRs 18.03 14.93 12.74 11.11 9.85 8.85 18.03 14.93 12.74 11.11 9.85 8.85

VRa 53.26 44.11 37.64 32.83 29.11 26.14 53.26 44.11 37.64 32.83 29.11 26.14

24

VRu 38.75 38.75 38.75 36.78 32.99 29.90 46.98 46.98 41.57 36.78 32.99 29.90

VRs 19.38 19.38 19.38 17.57 15.76 14.28 22.66 22.66 19.86 17.57 15.76 14.28

VRa 55.70 55.70 55.70 51.93 46.57 42.21 68.45 67.47 58.69 51.93 46.57 42.21

H = 22cm fc28 = 25 Mpa fc28 = 35 Mpa

Ø Dowel a 5 15 25 35 45 55 5 15 25 35 45 55

20

VRu 37.73 31.25 26.66 23.25 20.62 18.52 37.73 31.25 26.66 23.25 20.62 18.52

VRs 18.03 14.93 12.74 11.11 9.85 8.85 18.03 14.93 12.74 11.11 9.85 8.85

VRa 53.26 44.11 37.64 32.83 29.11 26.14 53.26 44.11 37.64 32.83 29.11 26.14

24

VRu 51.04 47.79 41.57 36.78 32.99 29.90 56.20 47.79 41.57 36.78 32.99 29.90

VRs 25.53 22.83 19.86 17.57 15.76 14.28 26.85 22.83 19.86 17.57 15.76 14.28

VRa 73.37 67.47 58.69 51.93 46.57 42.21 79.34 67.47 58.69 51.93 46.57 42.21

30

VRu 51.04 51.04 51.04 51.04 51.04 51.04 61.89 61.89 61.89 61.89 57.97 53.13

VRs 25.53 25.53 25.53 25.53 25.53 25.39 29.86 29.86 29.86 29.86 27.70 25.39

VRa 73.37 73.37 73.37 73.37 73.37 73.37 90.17 90.17 90.17 90.05 81.85 75.01

H = 20cm fc28 = 25 Mpa fc28 = 35 Mpa

Ø Dowel a 5 15 25 35 45 55 5 15 25 35 45 55

20

VRu 37.73 31.25 26.66 23.25 20.62 18.52 37.73 31.25 26.66 23.25 20.62 18.52

VRs 18.03 14.93 12.74 11.11 9.85 8.85 18.03 14.93 12.74 11.11 9.85 8.85

VRa 53.26 44.11 37.64 32.83 29.11 26.14 53.26 44.11 37.64 32.83 29.11 26.14

24

VRu 42.67 42.67 41.57 36.78 32.99 29.90 51.73 47.79 41.57 36.78 32.99 29.90

VRs 21.34 21.34 19.86 17.57 15.76 14.28 24.96 22.83 19.86 17.57 15.76 14.28

VRa 61.34 61.34 58.69 51.93 46.57 42.21 75.38 67.47 58.69 51.93 46.57 42.21

30

VRu 42.67 42.67 42.67 42.67 42.67 42.67 51.73 51.73 51.73 51.73 51.73 51.73

VRs 21.34 21.34 21.34 21.34 21.34 21.34 24.96 24.96 24.96 24.96 24.96 24.96

VRa 61.34 61.34 61.34 61.34 61.34 61.34 75.38 75.38 75.38 75.38 75.38 75.01

H = 24cm fc28 = 25 Mpa fc28 = 35 Mpa

Ø Dowel a 5 15 25 35 45 55 5 15 25 35 45 55

20

VRu 37.73 31.25 26.66 23.25 20.62 18.52 37.73 31.25 26.66 23.25 20.62 18.52

VRs 18.03 14.93 12.74 11.11 9.85 8.85 18.03 14.93 12.74 11.11 9.85 8.85

VRa 53.26 44.11 37.64 32.83 29.11 26.14 53.26 44.11 37.64 32.83 29.11 26.14

24

VRu 56.20 47.79 41.57 36.78 32.99 29.90 56.20 47.79 41.57 36.78 32.99 29.90

VRs 26.85 22.83 19.86 17.57 15.76 14.28 26.85 22.83 19.86 17.57 15.76 14.28

VRa 79.34 67.47 58.69 51.93 46.57 42.21 79.34 67.47 58.69 51.93 46.57 42.21

30

VRu 60.11 60.11 60.11 60.11 57.97 53.13 72.88 72.88 70.88 63.78 57.97 53.13

VRs 30.06 30.06 30.06 30.06 27.70 25.39 35.16 35.16 33.87 30.47 27.70 25.39

VRa 86.42 86.42 86.42 86.42 81.85 75.01 106.20 106.20 100.07 90.05 81.85 75.01

H = 26cm fc28 = 25 Mpa fc28 = 35 Mpa

Ø Dowel a 5 15 25 35 45 55 5 15 25 35 45 55

20

VRu 37.73 31.25 26.66 23.25 20.62 18.52 37.73 31.25 26.66 23.25 20.62 18.52

VRs 18.03 14.93 12.74 11.11 9.85 8.85 18.03 14.93 12.74 11.11 9.85 8.85

VRa 53.26 44.11 37.64 32.83 29.11 26.14 53.26 44.11 37.64 32.83 29.11 26.14

24

VRu 56.20 47.79 41.57 36.78 32.99 29.90 56.20 47.79 41.57 36.78 32.99 29.90

VRs 26.85 22.83 19.86 17.57 15.76 14.28 26.85 22.83 19.86 17.57 15.76 14.28

VRa 79.34 67.47 58.69 51.93 46.57 42.21 79.34 67.47 58.69 51.93 46.57 42.21

30

VRu 69.88 69.88 69.88 63.78 57.97 53.13 84.72 79.77 70.88 63.78 57.97 53.13

VRs 34.95 34.95 33.87 30.47 27.70 25.39 40.87 38.11 33.87 30.47 27.70 25.39

VRa 100.45 100.45 100.07 90.05 81.85 75.01 123.45 112.62 100.07 90.05 81.85 75.01

H = 28cm fc28 = 25 Mpa fc28 = 35 Mpa

Ø Dowel a 5 15 25 35 45 55 5 15 25 35 45 55

20

VRu 37.73 31.25 26.66 23.25 20.62 18.52 37.73 31.25 26.66 23.25 20.62 18.52

VRs 18.03 14.93 12.74 11.11 9.85 8.85 18.03 14.93 12.74 11.11 9.85 8.85

VRa 53.26 44.11 37.64 32.83 29.11 26.14 53.26 44.11 37.64 32.83 29.11 26.14

24

VRu 56.20 47.79 41.57 36.78 32.99 29.90 56.20 47.79 41.57 36.78 32.99 29.90

VRs 26.85 22.83 19.86 17.57 15.76 14.28 26.85 22.83 19.86 17.57 15.76 14.28

VRa 79.34 67.47 58.69 51.93 46.57 42.21 79.34 67.47 58.69 51.93 46.57 42.21

30

VRu 80.32 79.77 70.88 63.78 57.97 53.13 91.20 79.77 70.88 63.78 57.97 53.13

VRs 40.17 38.11 33.87 30.47 27.70 25.39 43.57 38.11 33.87 30.47 27.70 25.39

VRa 115.47 112.62 100.07 90.05 81.85 75.01 128.75 112.62 100.07 90.05 81.85 75.01

H = 30cm fc28 = 25 Mpa fc28 = 35 Mpa

Ø Dowel a 5 15 25 35 45 55 5 15 25 35 45 55

20

VRu 37.73 31.25 26.66 23.25 20.62 18.52 37.73 31.25 26.66 23.25 20.62 18.52

VRs 18.03 14.93 12.74 11.11 9.85 8.85 18.03 14.93 12.74 11.11 9.85 8.85

VRa 53.26 44.11 37.64 32.83 29.11 26.14 53.26 44.11 37.64 32.83 29.11 26.14

24

VRu 56.20 47.79 41.57 36.78 32.99 29.90 56.20 47.79 41.57 36.78 32.99 29.90

VRs 26.85 22.83 19.86 17.57 15.76 14.28 26.85 22.83 19.86 17.57 15.76 14.28

VRa 79.34 67.47 58.69 51.93 46.57 42.21 79.34 67.47 58.69 51.93 46.57 42.21

30

VRu 91.20 79.77 70.88 63.78 57.97 53.13 91.20 79.77 70.88 63.78 57.97 53.13

VRs 43.57 38.11 33.87 30.47 27.70 25.39 43.57 38.11 33.87 30.47 27.70 25.39

VRa 128.75 112.62 100.07 90.05 81.85 75.01 128.75 112.62 100.07 90.05 81.85 75.01

40

VRu 91.45 91.45 91.45 91.45 91.45 91.45 110.87 110.87 110.87 110.87 110.87 109.51

VRs 45.73 45.73 45.73 45.73 45.73 45.73 53.49 53.49 53.49 53.49 53.49 52.32

VRa 131.46 131.46 131.46 131.46 131.46 131.46 161.55 161.55 161.55 161.55 161.55 154.60


SH

EA

R D

OW

EL

S


H = 35cm fc28 = 25 Mpa fc28 = 35 Mpa

Ø Dowel a 5 15 25 35 45 55 5 15 25 35 45 55

20

VRu 37.73 31.25 26.66 23.25 20.62 18.52 37.73 31.25 26.66 23.25 20.62 18.52

VRs 18.03 14.93 12.74 11.11 9.85 8.85 18.03 14.93 12.74 11.11 9.85 8.85

VRa 53.26 44.11 37.64 32.83 29.11 26.14 53.26 44.11 37.64 32.83 29.11 26.14

24

VRu 56.20 47.79 41.57 36.78 32.99 29.90 56.20 47.79 41.57 36.78 32.99 29.90

VRs 26.85 22.83 19.86 17.57 15.76 14.28 26.85 22.83 19.86 17.57 15.76 14.28

VRa 79.34 67.47 58.69 51.93 46.57 42.21 79.34 67.47 58.69 51.93 46.57 42.21

30

VRu 91.20 79.77 70.88 63.78 57.97 53.13 91.20 79.77 70.88 63.78 57.97 53.13

VRs 43.57 38.11 33.87 30.47 27.70 25.39 43.57 38.11 33.87 30.47 27.70 25.39

VRa 128.75 112.62 100.07 90.05 81.85 75.01 128.75 112.62 100.07 90.05 81.85 75.01

40

VRu 122.19 122.19 122.19 122.19 117.84 109.51 148.14 148.14 139.00 127.55 117.84 109.51

VRs 61.11 61.11 61.11 60.94 56.30 52.32 71.47 71.47 66.41 60.94 56.30 52.32

VRa 175.65 175.65 175.65 175.65 166.37 154.60 215.86 215.59 196.23 180.07 166.37 154.60

H = 40cm fc28 = 25 Mpa fc28 = 35 Mpa

Ø Dowel a 5 15 25 35 45 55 5 15 25 35 45 55

20

VRu 37.73 31.25 26.66 23.25 20.62 18.52 37.73 31.25 26.66 23.25 20.62 18.52

VRs 18.03 14.93 12.74 11.11 9.85 8.85 18.03 14.93 12.74 11.11 9.85 8.85

VRa 53.26 44.11 37.64 32.83 29.11 26.14 53.26 44.11 37.64 32.83 29.11 26.14

24

VRu 56.20 47.79 41.57 36.78 32.99 29.90 56.20 47.79 41.57 36.78 32.99 29.90

VRs 26.85 22.83 19.86 17.57 15.76 14.28 26.85 22.83 19.86 17.57 15.76 14.28

VRa 79.34 67.47 58.69 51.93 46.57 42.21 79.34 67.47 58.69 51.93 46.57 42.21

30

VRu 91.20 79.77 70.88 63.78 57.97 53.13 91.20 79.77 70.88 63.78 57.97 53.13

VRs 43.57 38.11 33.87 30.47 27.70 25.39 43.57 38.11 33.87 30.47 27.70 25.39

VRa 128.75 112.62 100.07 90.05 81.85 75.01 128.75 112.62 100.07 90.05 81.85 75.01

40

VRu 157.05 152.70 139.00 127.55 117.84 109.51 169.41 152.70 139.00 127.55 117.84 109.51

VRs 78.54 72.96 66.41 60.94 56.30 52.32 80.94 72.96 66.41 60.94 56.30 52.32

VRa 225.77 215.59 196.23 180.07 166.37 154.60 239.17 215.59 196.23 180.07 166.37 154.60

H = 45cm fc28 = 25 Mpa fc28 = 35 Mpa

Ø Dowel a 5 15 25 35 45 55 5 15 25 35 45 55

20

VRu 37.73 31.25 26.66 23.25 20.62 18.52 37.73 31.25 26.66 23.25 20.62 18.52

VRs 18.03 14.93 12.74 11.11 9.85 8.85 18.03 14.93 12.74 11.11 9.85 8.85

VRa 53.26 44.11 37.64 32.83 29.11 26.14 53.26 44.11 37.64 32.83 29.11 26.14

24

VRu 56.20 47.79 41.57 36.78 32.99 29.90 56.20 47.79 41.57 36.78 32.99 29.90

VRs 26.85 22.83 19.86 17.57 15.76 14.28 26.85 22.83 19.86 17.57 15.76 14.28

VRa 79.34 67.47 58.69 51.93 46.57 42.21 79.34 67.47 58.69 51.93 46.57 42.21

30

VRu 91.20 79.77 70.88 63.78 57.97 53.13 91.20 79.77 70.88 63.78 57.97 53.13

VRs 43.57 38.11 33.87 30.47 27.70 25.39 43.57 38.11 33.87 30.47 27.70 25.39

VRa 128.75 112.62 100.07 90.05 81.85 75.01 128.75 112.62 100.07 90.05 81.85 75.01

40

VRu 169.41 152.70 139.00 127.55 117.84 109.51 169.41 152.70 139.00 127.55 117.84 109.51

VRs 80.94 72.96 66.41 60.94 56.30 52.32 80.94 72.96 66.41 60.94 56.30 52.32

VRa 239.17 215.59 196.23 180.07 166.37 154.60 239.17 215.59 196.23 180.07 166.37 154.60

H = 50cm fc28 = 25 Mpa fc28 = 35 Mpa

Ø Dowel a 5 15 25 35 45 55 5 15 25 35 45 55

20

VRu 37.73 31.25 26.66 23.25 20.62 18.52 37.73 31.25 26.66 23.25 20.62 18.52

VRs 18.03 14.93 12.74 11.11 9.85 8.85 18.03 14.93 12.74 11.11 9.85 8.85

VRa 53.26 44.11 37.64 32.83 29.11 26.14 53.26 44.11 37.64 32.83 29.11 26.14

24

VRu 56.20 47.79 41.57 36.78 32.99 29.90 56.20 47.79 41.57 36.78 32.99 29.90

VRs 26.85 22.83 19.86 17.57 15.76 14.28 26.85 22.83 19.86 17.57 15.76 14.28

VRa 79.34 67.47 58.69 51.93 46.57 42.21 79.34 67.47 58.69 51.93 46.57 42.21

30

VRu 91.20 79.77 70.88 63.78 57.97 53.13 91.20 79.77 70.88 63.78 57.97 53.13

VRs 43.57 38.11 33.87 30.47 27.70 25.39 43.57 38.11 33.87 30.47 27.70 25.39

VRa 128.75 112.62 100.07 90.05 81.85 75.01 128.75 112.62 100.07 90.05 81.85 75.01

40

VRu 169.41 152.70 139.00 127.55 117.84 109.51 169.41 152.70 139.00 127.55 117.84 109.51

VRs 80.94 72.96 66.41 60.94 56.30 52.32 80.94 72.96 66.41 60.94 56.30 52.32

VRa 239.17 215.59 196.23 180.07 166.37 154.60 239.17 215.59 196.23 180.07 166.37 154.60

Shear dowel reinforcement


Documents

SHEAR DOWELS 10 · associated with sliding sleeves that can be made of stainless steel, hot-dipped galvanized steel, synthetic materials, or plastic (polyethylene or PVC). The sleeves