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Session Special Cargo Loading - IATA - Home · Session Special Cargo Loading ... •Area Load Limitation ... •Created the Cargo Focus Team (CFT): CFT@[email protected]

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Page 1: Session Special Cargo Loading - IATA - Home · Session Special Cargo Loading ... •Area Load Limitation ... •Created the Cargo Focus Team (CFT): CFT@9-NATL-Cargo-CFT@faa.gov
Page 2: Session Special Cargo Loading - IATA - Home · Session Special Cargo Loading ... •Area Load Limitation ... •Created the Cargo Focus Team (CFT): CFT@9-NATL-Cargo-CFT@faa.gov

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SessionSpecialCargoLoading–––IntroductionofAircraftOperatingLimitationsandSpecialCargo

LIAO,ZhiYongManager,CargoBusinessProcess&Standards,IATA

Page 3: Session Special Cargo Loading - IATA - Home · Session Special Cargo Loading ... •Area Load Limitation ... •Created the Cargo Focus Team (CFT): CFT@9-NATL-Cargo-CFT@faa.gov

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WhatisAircraftOperatingLimitations?––LegalFramework

• AirplaneFlightManual(AFM)mustbefurnishedwitheachairplane• AFMmustcontainOperatingLimitationsspecifictotheairplane• AircraftWeight&BalanceManual(WBM)ispartoftheOperatingLimitationssectionofAFM• OperatingLimitationsarepartoftheairplaneTypeCertificate(TC)andtheycanonlybemodifiedbyobtaininganAmendedTC(ATC)orSupplementalTC(STC)• 14CFRPart91indicatesthatnopersonmayoperate(intheUSairspace)acivilaircraftwithoutcomplyingwiththeoperatinglimitationsspecifiedintheapprovedAFM/WBM• AirlineusesAFM/WBMasthebasisfortheAirline’sOperationsManual

Page 4: Session Special Cargo Loading - IATA - Home · Session Special Cargo Loading ... •Area Load Limitation ... •Created the Cargo Focus Team (CFT): CFT@9-NATL-Cargo-CFT@faa.gov

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TypicalAircraftOperatingLimitationsforCargo?• MaximumGrossWeightLimitation

• CenterofGravity(C.G.)Limitation

• AreaLoadLimitation

• LinearLoad/RunningLoadLimitation

• ULD/CargoLocation/ULDType/ULDContour

• RestraintCapabilities:Allowablestrapload/

Strapattachmentlocations

Page 5: Session Special Cargo Loading - IATA - Home · Session Special Cargo Loading ... •Area Load Limitation ... •Created the Cargo Focus Team (CFT): CFT@9-NATL-Cargo-CFT@faa.gov

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WhatisSpecialCargo?CargothatisnotcontainedinaULDcertifiedfortheairplaneCLSorenclosedinacargocompartmentcertifiedforbulkloadingisspecialcargo.Thistypeofcargorequiresspecialhandlingandsecuring/restrainingprocedures.Examplesofcharacteristicsare:• Restraintattacheddirectlytotheaircraftfloor• OffsetCargo• OverweightCargo• OutsizedCargo• SharporPiercingCargo• UnusuallyShapedCargo• MotorVehiclesandotherWheeledCargo• Talland/orRigidCargo• FloatingPallet

Page 6: Session Special Cargo Loading - IATA - Home · Session Special Cargo Loading ... •Area Load Limitation ... •Created the Cargo Focus Team (CFT): CFT@9-NATL-Cargo-CFT@faa.gov

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WhatisSpecialCargo?

Page 7: Session Special Cargo Loading - IATA - Home · Session Special Cargo Loading ... •Area Load Limitation ... •Created the Cargo Focus Team (CFT): CFT@9-NATL-Cargo-CFT@faa.gov

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WhySpecialCargoisCriticaltoFlightSafety?

Page 8: Session Special Cargo Loading - IATA - Home · Session Special Cargo Loading ... •Area Load Limitation ... •Created the Cargo Focus Team (CFT): CFT@9-NATL-Cargo-CFT@faa.gov
Page 9: Session Special Cargo Loading - IATA - Home · Session Special Cargo Loading ... •Area Load Limitation ... •Created the Cargo Focus Team (CFT): CFT@9-NATL-Cargo-CFT@faa.gov

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WhySpecialCargoisCriticaltoFlightSafety?SpecialcargoismorevulnerabletopotentiallyexceedingaircraftOperatingLimitationsandverificationofcomplianceismorecomplex.

Page 10: Session Special Cargo Loading - IATA - Home · Session Special Cargo Loading ... •Area Load Limitation ... •Created the Cargo Focus Team (CFT): CFT@9-NATL-Cargo-CFT@faa.gov

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FAAinAction• CreatedtheCargoFocusTeam(CFT):CFT@[email protected]

• ReviewUSairlines’cargooperationsmanualstoensurecompliancewithFAA-approveddata

• PublishedAC120-85RevisionA(firstrevisionin10years)ØTransportofSpecialCargo(New)

ØUseofMultipleEntities(New)

ØRemovedallowancefor‘FAA-accepteddata’– onlyFAA-approveddatatobeused

• ClosercollaborationwithIndustry,e.g.IATAULDBoard/ULDRegulatoryForum

Page 11: Session Special Cargo Loading - IATA - Home · Session Special Cargo Loading ... •Area Load Limitation ... •Created the Cargo Focus Team (CFT): CFT@9-NATL-Cargo-CFT@faa.gov

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YourFeedback?• Isitnecessarytodevelopbasicproceduresincludingsafetyprecautionsrelatingtotheacceptance/rejection,preparation,handling,loadingandinterliningofspecialcargothatisstrappedtoapallet?• IsitnecessarytoreviewtherelevantIATAstandardstoensurethereisnosafetyriskofexceedingaircraftOperatingLimitations,e.g.:

Page 12: Session Special Cargo Loading - IATA - Home · Session Special Cargo Loading ... •Area Load Limitation ... •Created the Cargo Focus Team (CFT): CFT@9-NATL-Cargo-CFT@faa.gov
Page 13: Session Special Cargo Loading - IATA - Home · Session Special Cargo Loading ... •Area Load Limitation ... •Created the Cargo Focus Team (CFT): CFT@9-NATL-Cargo-CFT@faa.gov

SpecialCargoRestraintChangeasaresultoftragedy

Blair DuBoisChief Engineer of Cargo [email protected]

Page 14: Session Special Cargo Loading - IATA - Home · Session Special Cargo Loading ... •Area Load Limitation ... •Created the Cargo Focus Team (CFT): CFT@9-NATL-Cargo-CFT@faa.gov

MainTopics• Examples• Tragedy• SpecialCargoRisk• CivilAviationAuthorityChanges• AirlineChanges• ExpectationsforOthers• MethodsNoLongerApplicable• ExampleTiedownWorksheetandDiagram

Page 15: Session Special Cargo Loading - IATA - Home · Session Special Cargo Loading ... •Area Load Limitation ... •Created the Cargo Focus Team (CFT): CFT@9-NATL-Cargo-CFT@faa.gov

Examples• Carsandothervehicles• Aircraftengines• Helicopters• Pipesandotherpiercingorsharpitems• Tallrigidcargo• Oversized,overweight,outsized,orunusuallyshapeditems

Cargo Strapped to Pallet or Airplane

Page 16: Session Special Cargo Loading - IATA - Home · Session Special Cargo Loading ... •Area Load Limitation ... •Created the Cargo Focus Team (CFT): CFT@9-NATL-Cargo-CFT@faa.gov

Cars

Page 17: Session Special Cargo Loading - IATA - Home · Session Special Cargo Loading ... •Area Load Limitation ... •Created the Cargo Focus Team (CFT): CFT@9-NATL-Cargo-CFT@faa.gov

IntermodalContainers

• AD 2015-14-09

FAA limits methods of restraint

Page 18: Session Special Cargo Loading - IATA - Home · Session Special Cargo Loading ... •Area Load Limitation ... •Created the Cargo Focus Team (CFT): CFT@9-NATL-Cargo-CFT@faa.gov

Tragedy• 2013NationalAirlines747-400BCFaccident• SeeNTSBAircraftAccidentReportAAR-15-01• LikelyreasonwasaftmovementofSpecialCargoheavyvehiclesthatwerenotproperlyrestrained• ProbablecausewasinadequateproceduresforrestrainingSpecialCargoloads• ContributingtotheaccidentwasFAA’sinadequateoversight

Page 19: Session Special Cargo Loading - IATA - Home · Session Special Cargo Loading ... •Area Load Limitation ... •Created the Cargo Focus Team (CFT): CFT@9-NATL-Cargo-CFT@faa.gov

SpecialCargoRestraintRisk• GreaterriskofcargoshiftandaccidentthanstandardULD

• Complicatedtodesignastrappingarrangement

• Moredifficulttoinstallastrappingarrangement

• Requiresspecifictraining

• Requiresdifferentknowledge,skills,andabilities

Page 20: Session Special Cargo Loading - IATA - Home · Session Special Cargo Loading ... •Area Load Limitation ... •Created the Cargo Focus Team (CFT): CFT@9-NATL-Cargo-CFT@faa.gov

CivilAviationAuthority(CAA)Changes

• FAA• IssuedAdvisoryCircular(AC)120-85A• IssuedSAFOs13005,13008,17003,17004• Reviewedeachcargoairline’sprocedures• EnforcingstrictcompliancewithairplaneWBMs• Traininginspectors

• CAAsinothercountries• FAAsentletterinMarch2017oncargooversight

Page 21: Session Special Cargo Loading - IATA - Home · Session Special Cargo Loading ... •Area Load Limitation ... •Created the Cargo Focus Team (CFT): CFT@9-NATL-Cargo-CFT@faa.gov

AirlineSpecialCargoChanges• RevisingloadingprocedurestoclearlycomplywithWBMs

• TrainingpersonnelonnewSpecialCargoprocedures

• Increasingtechnicalsupport

• SpecialLoadCoordinators

• Engineering

Page 22: Session Special Cargo Loading - IATA - Home · Session Special Cargo Loading ... •Area Load Limitation ... •Created the Cargo Focus Team (CFT): CFT@9-NATL-Cargo-CFT@faa.gov

ExpectationsforOthers1. Followlatestairlineprocedures

2. Recognizethatpreviousmethodsmaynolongerbeallowed

3. IfbuildingSpecialCargo,getspecialtrainingandairlineinstructions

4. ProvidedetailstoairlineSpecialLoadCoordinators

Shippers

Freight Forwarders

Ground Service Providers

Other Airlines

Page 23: Session Special Cargo Loading - IATA - Home · Session Special Cargo Loading ... •Area Load Limitation ... •Created the Cargo Focus Team (CFT): CFT@9-NATL-Cargo-CFT@faa.gov

ExamplesofSpecialCargoDetailsNeeded• Enginestandbaseandcradlepartnumbers

• Cargotie-downpointloadcapability

• Availabilityandvolumeoffrangible/compressiblecargo

• Photosofeachsideandclose-upsofcertainfeatures

• Overhang/Offsetmeasurements

Page 24: Session Special Cargo Loading - IATA - Home · Session Special Cargo Loading ... •Area Load Limitation ... •Created the Cargo Focus Team (CFT): CFT@9-NATL-Cargo-CFT@faa.gov

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OverhangversusOffsetCargo

Page 25: Session Special Cargo Loading - IATA - Home · Session Special Cargo Loading ... •Area Load Limitation ... •Created the Cargo Focus Team (CFT): CFT@9-NATL-Cargo-CFT@faa.gov

PreviousSpecialCargoRestraintMethods• Maynolongerbeallowed

• Serviceexperienceisimportant,butnotenough

• Rareextremeturbulencemayresultinaveryhighload

• Restraintdesignedforworst-casescenario“ultimateload”

Page 26: Session Special Cargo Loading - IATA - Home · Session Special Cargo Loading ... •Area Load Limitation ... •Created the Cargo Focus Team (CFT): CFT@9-NATL-Cargo-CFT@faa.gov

PreviousMethodExample• AHM311doesnotincludesidedirectionrestraint

Page 27: Session Special Cargo Loading - IATA - Home · Session Special Cargo Loading ... •Area Load Limitation ... •Created the Cargo Focus Team (CFT): CFT@9-NATL-Cargo-CFT@faa.gov

StackofPallets

• ULDROS06/018.1doesnotspecifythenumberofstrapsneededforthenumberorpalletsorweight

Page 28: Session Special Cargo Loading - IATA - Home · Session Special Cargo Loading ... •Area Load Limitation ... •Created the Cargo Focus Team (CFT): CFT@9-NATL-Cargo-CFT@faa.gov

TiedownWorksheetExample

SLR#: 99999 Description:

Model: 747-400F AircraftReg.

Pallet: M Deck:

Forward Aft Left Right Up

F-1A 20" 20 907F-1B 20" 20 907F-2A 20" 15 907F-2B 20" 15 907A-1A 20" 20 907A-1B 20" 20 907A-2A 20" 15 907A-2B 20" 15 907R-1A 20" 5 907R-1B 20" 85R-2A 20" 5 907R-2B 20" 85R-3A 20" 5 907R-3B 20" 85R-4A 20" 5 907R-4B 20" 85L-1A 20" 5 907L-1B 20" 85L-2A 20" 5 907L-2B 20" 85L-3A 20" 5 907L-3B 20" 85L-4A 20" 5 907L-4B 20" 85U-1A 20" 85 907U-1B 20" 85 907U-2A 20" 85 907U-2B 20" 85 907U-3A 20" 85 907U-3B 20" 85 907

LoadFactor 1.50

PreparedByPrinted:

Yes

PreparedBySignature:BlairDuBois

3628 3628 3628 5442

StrapAllowableRestraint[KG]

OverhangingCrate

Main(except747nose&tail)

TotalAllowableRestraintCapability

[KG]:3628

8585

907907907907

StrapID

PalletAttachPointSpacing

FloorAngle[degrees]

907907

1.50

Yes

907907

907907

Notes:

555555558585

85

907907907907907

Yes Yes

85858585858585858585

85

YesIsAllowable

RestraintCapability>ForcetoRestrain?

1.50 1.50 2.13ForcetoRestrain

[KG]:3600 3600 3600 3600 5112

Centerline(Sidewall)Angle

[degrees]

PalletAttachPoint

Maximum[KG]

907

STRAP-TO-PALLETTIE-DOWNWORKSHEETCargoWeight[KG]:

Position: CthroughS,RightorLeft

Date:

2400

28-Jan-17NxxxMC

907907

8585

907907

907907907907

907

907

907907907907

8585

8585

Page 29: Session Special Cargo Loading - IATA - Home · Session Special Cargo Loading ... •Area Load Limitation ... •Created the Cargo Focus Team (CFT): CFT@9-NATL-Cargo-CFT@faa.gov

TiedownDiagramExample

Page 30: Session Special Cargo Loading - IATA - Home · Session Special Cargo Loading ... •Area Load Limitation ... •Created the Cargo Focus Team (CFT): CFT@9-NATL-Cargo-CFT@faa.gov

Conclusion1. SpecialCargoisagreaterriskofdamaginganairplane

2. SpecialCargorestraintiscomplicatedtodesignandinstall

3. Strappingmustbedoneusinglatestairlineprocedures

4. CivilAviationAuthoritiesareincreasingoversight

5. Workingtogetherensuressafe,regulatorycompliant,cost-effective,andtimelycargotransport

Page 31: Session Special Cargo Loading - IATA - Home · Session Special Cargo Loading ... •Area Load Limitation ... •Created the Cargo Focus Team (CFT): CFT@9-NATL-Cargo-CFT@faa.gov