21
Fall 2011 Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 1 Session 9 Networking & Operating Systems (part 2)

Session 9 Networking & Operating Systems (part 2)

  • Upload
    manning

  • View
    25

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

Session 9 Networking & Operating Systems (part 2). IPv6, OSI, Standards. Networking & Operating Systems. IPv6. 1995 – RFC 1752 IPng 1998 – RFC 2460 IPv6 Functional enhancements for a mix of data streams (graphic and video) Driving force was address depletion 128-bit addresses - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Citation preview

Page 1: Session 9 Networking & Operating Systems (part 2)

Fall 2011Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 1

Session 9Networking & Operating Systems

(part 2)

Page 2: Session 9 Networking & Operating Systems (part 2)

IPv6, OSI, Standards

Fall 2011Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 2

Networking & Operating Systems

Page 3: Session 9 Networking & Operating Systems (part 2)

IPv6

●1995 – RFC 1752 IPng●1998 – RFC 2460 IPv6●Functional enhancements for a mix of

data streams (graphic and video)●Driving force was address depletion

128-bit addresses●Started in Solaris 2.8, Windows 2000

Fall 2011Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 3

Page 4: Session 9 Networking & Operating Systems (part 2)

IPv6 Packet w/Extension Headers

Fall 2011Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 4

Page 5: Session 9 Networking & Operating Systems (part 2)

OSI Layers

Fall 2011Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 5

Page 6: Session 9 Networking & Operating Systems (part 2)

OSI Environment

Fall 2011Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 6

Page 7: Session 9 Networking & Operating Systems (part 2)

Internet Standards and RFCs

● Internet Architecture Board (IAB)- overall architecture

● Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)- engineering and development

● Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG)- manages the IETF and standards process

Fall 2011Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 7

Page 8: Session 9 Networking & Operating Systems (part 2)

Request For Comments (RFC)

●RFCs are the working notes of the Internet research and development community

Fall 2011Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 8

Page 9: Session 9 Networking & Operating Systems (part 2)

Standardization Process

●Stable and well understood●Technically competent●Substantial operational experience●Significant public support●Useful in some or all parts of Internet

Fall 2011Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 9

Key difference from ISO: operational experience

Page 10: Session 9 Networking & Operating Systems (part 2)

RFC Publication Process

Fall 2011Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 10

Internet

draft

Experim ental Inform ationalProposed

standard

Draft

standard

Internet

standard

Historic

IET F

IESG

< 6 m onths

> 6 m onths

> 4 m onths

tw o independent

im plem entations

Page 11: Session 9 Networking & Operating Systems (part 2)

Hands-onExercises

Fall 2011Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 11

Page 12: Session 9 Networking & Operating Systems (part 2)

What Is My IPAddress?

●You can find it for your interface using any one of the commands:ifconfigifconfig –aifconfig [interface]netstat -i

Fall 2011Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 12

Page 13: Session 9 Networking & Operating Systems (part 2)

Here’s How I Bring the Interface Up

●Assume my interface is eth0, then use:ifconfig eth0

●You will get:

Fall 2011Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 13

eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:30:1b:48:dc:3d inet addr:192.168.0.100 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::230:1bff:fe48:dc3d/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1494920 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1219954 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:1621598747 (1.6 GB) TX bytes:302524693 (302.5 MB) Interrupt:17

Page 14: Session 9 Networking & Operating Systems (part 2)

Here’s An Example:

●Assume my interface is eth0, then use:ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.0.255 up

●You probably don’t have permission to do this

Fall 2011Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 14

Page 15: Session 9 Networking & Operating Systems (part 2)

How Do I Know I Can Get Out On the Network?

●We use the ping command● It is very simple. It sends an ICMP_ECHO_REQUEST packet to a target host

and waits for an answer● It is one of the workhorses of network debugging●Here’ an example:ping www.google.edu

●Some sites disable ping responses!

Fall 2011Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 15

Page 16: Session 9 Networking & Operating Systems (part 2)

Ping Sample

papacosta@papacosta-desktop:~$ ping www.google.com

PING www.l.google.com (74.125.226.208) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from lga15s28-in-f16.1e100.net (74.125.226.208): icmp_req=1 ttl=55 time=9.82 ms

64 bytes from lga15s28-in-f16.1e100.net (74.125.226.208): icmp_req=2 ttl=55 time=9.86 ms

64 bytes from lga15s28-in-f16.1e100.net (74.125.226.208): icmp_req=3 ttl=55 time=10.7 ms

64 bytes from lga15s28-in-f16.1e100.net (74.125.226.208): icmp_req=4 ttl=55 time=13.6 ms

^C

--- www.l.google.com ping statistics ---

4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3004ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 9.821/11.013/13.607/1.545 ms

Fall 2011Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 16

Page 17: Session 9 Networking & Operating Systems (part 2)

netstat Command to Check Routing

●The netstat command provides a wealth of information about the state of your computer's networking software, including interface statistics, routing information, and connection tables

●Here are some typical commands to monitor connection status: netstat -a see interface status: netstat -i display routing table: netstat -r –n View operational stats: netstat -s

Fall 2011Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 17

Page 18: Session 9 Networking & Operating Systems (part 2)

nslookup Command●The nslookup command is a very old command (used in

both UNIX and DOS/Windows) to query the DNS database●Here is an example:nslookup www.google.com

Fall 2011Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 18

Page 19: Session 9 Networking & Operating Systems (part 2)

dig Command●The dig command is in functionality, but has more sensible defaults, provides more info, and has a nicer user interface●Here are a few examples:dig www.google.comdig google.com anydig google.com mxdig google.com nsdig -x 216.239.34.10

●This can get even more involved:dig +nocmd google.com any +multiline +noall +answer

Fall 2011Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 19

Page 20: Session 9 Networking & Operating Systems (part 2)

Important URLs

● Internetworking Technology Handbook – Cisco’s excellent and extensive Wiki on networking technology

● http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfcsearch.html - great place to search RFCs

● Dig How To Guide - an excellent explanation, with lots of examples, on how to effectively use the dig command line tool

● Linux: Check Network Connection Command – good explanation of the ss and netstat commands

● IP Chicken – this displays your “public” IP address

Fall 2011Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 20

Page 21: Session 9 Networking & Operating Systems (part 2)

Homework

Review the SlidesDo the Exercise: ipconfig, ping,

netstat, nslookup, & digComplete the Take-Home Exam

Fall 2011Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 21